chore: bump version, add 'dev-release' debug profile

feat: subsystem toggling via feature, release mode console allocation with ANSI, desktop file subscriber
fix: only run most workflows against 'master' branch
2025-12-06 15:15:48 -06:00 · 2025-09-11 13:46:05 -05:00 · 2025-09-11 13:45:01 -05:00 · 2025-09-11 09:41:21 -05:00 · 2025-09-11 09:10:19 -05:00 · 2025-09-11 02:26:39 -05:00
120 changed files with 8448 additions and 3319 deletions
--- a/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ rustflags = [
 ]
 runner = "node"

+# despite being semantically identical to `target_os = "linux"`, the `cfg(linux)` syntax is not supported here. Who knows why...
+# https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/runs/17596477856
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")']
 rustflags = [
    # Manually link zlib.
--- a/.config/nextest.toml
+++ b/.config/nextest.toml
@@ -3,3 +3,10 @@ fail-fast = false

 [profile.coverage]
 status-level = "none"
+
+[[profile.default.overrides]]
+filter = 'test(pacman::game::)'
+test-group = 'serial'
+
+[test-groups]
+serial = { max-threads = 1 }
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 * text=auto eol=lf
+scripts/* linguist-detectable=false
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 name: Builds
-on: ["push", "pull_request"]
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  workflow_dispatch:

 permissions:
  contents: write
@@ -151,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
          done

      - name: Upload Artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.event_name == 'push'
        with:
          path: "./dist/"
--- a/.github/workflows/checks.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/checks.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+name: Checks
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: 1.86.0
+
+jobs:
+  checks:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Install Rust toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
+          components: clippy, rustfmt
+
+      - name: Rust Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - name: Cache vcpkg
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: target/vcpkg
+          key: A-vcpkg-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('Cargo.toml', 'Cargo.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            A-vcpkg-${{ runner.os }}-
+
+      - name: Vcpkg Linux Dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y libltdl-dev
+
+      - name: Vcpkg
+        run: |
+          cargo install cargo-vcpkg
+          cargo vcpkg -v build
+
+      - name: Run clippy
+        run: cargo clippy -- -D warnings
+
+      - name: Check formatting
+        run: cargo fmt -- --check
+
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-audit
+
+      - name: Run security audit
+        run: cargo audit
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 name: Code Coverage

-on: ["push", "pull_request"]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master

 env:
  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: 1.86.0
+  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: nightly

 jobs:
  coverage:
@@ -48,33 +54,9 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          just coverage

-      - name: Download Coveralls CLI
-        run: |
-          # use GitHub Releases URL instead of coveralls.io because they can't maintain their own files; it 404s
-          curl -L https://github.com/coverallsapp/coverage-reporter/releases/download/v0.6.15/coveralls-linux-x86_64.tar.gz | tar -xz -C /usr/local/bin
-
-      - name: Upload coverage to Coveralls
-        env:
-          COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          if [ ! -f "lcov.info" ]; then
-            echo "Error: lcov.info file not found. Coverage generation may have failed."
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-          for i in {1..10}; do
-            echo "Attempt $i: Uploading coverage to Coveralls..."
-            if coveralls -n report lcov.info; then
-              echo "Successfully uploaded coverage report."
-              exit 0
-            fi
-
-            if [ $i -lt 10 ]; then
-              delay=$((2**i))
-              echo "Attempt $i failed. Retrying in $delay seconds..."
-              sleep $delay
-            fi
-          done
-
-          echo "Failed to upload coverage report after 10 attempts."
-          exit 1
+      - name: Coveralls upload
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v2
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          path-to-lcov: lcov.info
+          debug: true
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
-name: Tests & Checks
+name: Tests

-on: ["push", "pull_request"]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  workflow_dispatch:

 env:
  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
@@ -18,7 +25,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
        with:
          toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
-          components: clippy, rustfmt

      - name: Rust Cache
        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@@ -45,14 +51,3 @@ jobs:

      - name: Run nextest
        run: cargo nextest run --workspace
-
-      - name: Run clippy
-        run: cargo clippy -- -D warnings
-
-      - name: Check formatting
-        run: cargo fmt -- --check
-
-      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-audit
-
-      - name: Run security audit
-        run: cargo audit
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -14,4 +14,12 @@ assets/site/build.css

 # Coverage reports
 lcov.info
+codecov.json
 coverage.html
+
+# Profiling output
+flamegraph.svg
+/profile.*
+
+# Logs
+*.log
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ repos:
      - id: forbid-submodules
      - id: mixed-line-ending

+  - repo: https://github.com/compilerla/conventional-pre-commit
+    rev: v4.2.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: conventional-pre-commit
+        stages: [commit-msg]
+        args: []
+
  - repo: local
    hooks:
      - id: cargo-fmt
@@ -20,12 +27,14 @@ repos:
        language: system
        types: [rust]
        pass_filenames: false
+
      - id: cargo-check
        name: cargo check
        entry: cargo check --all-targets
        language: system
        types_or: [rust, cargo, cargo-lock]
        pass_filenames: false
+
      - id: cargo-check-wasm
        name: cargo check for wasm32-unknown-emscripten
        entry: cargo check --all-targets --target=wasm32-unknown-emscripten
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "bevy_reflect",
 "bevy_tasks",
 "bevy_utils",
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
 "bumpalo",
 "concurrent-queue",
 "derive_more",
@@ -221,13 +221,22 @@ checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"

 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.9.1"
+version = "2.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b8e56985ec62d17e9c1001dc89c88ecd7dc08e47eba5ec7c29c7b5eeecde967"
+checksum = "2261d10cca569e4643e526d8dc2e62e433cc8aba21ab764233731f8d369bf394"
 dependencies = [
 "serde",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "block-buffer"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
 version = "3.19.0"
@@ -268,6 +277,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "portable-atomic",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.2.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "59ed5838eebb26a2bb2e58f6d5b5316989ae9d08bab10e0e6d103e656d1b0280"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "critical-section"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -289,6 +307,16 @@ version = "0.8.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d0a5c400df2834b80a4c3327b3aad3a4c4cd4de0629063962b03235697506a28"

+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1bfb12502f3fc46cca1bb51ac28df9d618d813cdc3d2f25b9fe775a34af26bb3"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "deprecate-until"
 version = "0.1.1"
@@ -301,6 +329,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d630bccd429a5bb5a64b5e94f693bfc48c9f8566418fda4c494cc94f911f87cc"
+dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -328,6 +365,16 @@ version = "0.1.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "56254986775e3233ffa9c4d7d3faaf6d36a2c09d30b20687e9f88bc8bafc16c8"

+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.10.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer",
+ "crypto-common",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "disqualified"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -336,9 +383,9 @@ checksum = "c9c272297e804878a2a4b707cfcfc6d2328b5bb936944613b4fdf2b9269afdfd"

 [[package]]
 name = "downcast-rs"
-version = "2.0.1"
+version = "2.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea8a8b81cacc08888170eef4d13b775126db426d0b348bee9d18c2c1eaf123cf"
+checksum = "117240f60069e65410b3ae1bb213295bd828f707b5bec6596a1afc8793ce0cbc"

 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
@@ -399,6 +446,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "pin-project-lite",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "generic-array"
+version = "0.14.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
+dependencies = [
+ "typenum",
+ "version_check",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.3.3"
@@ -527,11 +584,11 @@ checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"

 [[package]]
 name = "matchers"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8263075bb86c5a1b1427b5ae862e8889656f126e9f77c484496e8b47cf5c5558"
+checksum = "d1525a2a28c7f4fa0fc98bb91ae755d1e2d1505079e05539e35bc876b5d65ae9"
 dependencies = [
- "regex-automata 0.1.10",
+ "regex-automata",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -554,12 +611,81 @@ checksum = "610a5acd306ec67f907abe5567859a3c693fb9886eb1f012ab8f2a47bef3db51"

 [[package]]
 name = "nu-ansi-term"
-version = "0.46.0"
+version = "0.50.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
+checksum = "d4a28e057d01f97e61255210fcff094d74ed0466038633e95017f5beb68e4399"
 dependencies = [
- "overload",
- "winapi",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "35bd024e8b2ff75562e5f34e7f4905839deb4b22955ef5e73d2fea1b9813cb23"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-iter",
+ "num-rational",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-bigint"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a5e44f723f1133c9deac646763579fdb3ac745e418f2a7af9cd0c431da1f20b9"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-complex"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "73f88a1307638156682bada9d7604135552957b7818057dcef22705b4d509495"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-conv"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-integer"
+version = "0.1.46"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7969661fd2958a5cb096e56c8e1ad0444ac2bbcd0061bd28660485a44879858f"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-iter"
+version = "0.1.45"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1429034a0490724d0075ebb2bc9e875d6503c3cf69e235a8941aa757d83ef5bf"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-rational"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f83d14da390562dca69fc84082e73e548e1ad308d24accdedd2720017cb37824"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -583,44 +709,40 @@ version = "1.21.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"

-[[package]]
-name = "overload"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pacman"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.80.2"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "bevy_ecs",
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
 "circular-buffer",
 "glam 0.30.5",
- "lazy_static",
 "libc",
 "micromap",
 "num-width",
- "once_cell",
 "parking_lot",
 "pathfinding",
 "phf",
 "pretty_assertions",
 "rand",
+ "rust-embed",
 "sdl2",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "smallvec",
+ "speculoos",
 "spin_sleep",
 "strum",
 "strum_macros",
 "thiserror",
 "thousands",
+ "time",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-error",
 "tracing-subscriber",
- "winapi",
+ "windows",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -649,7 +771,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc",
 "redox_syscall",
 "smallvec",
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "windows-targets",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -668,9 +790,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "913273894cec178f401a31ec4b656318d95473527be05c0752cc41cdc32be8b7"
+checksum = "c1562dc717473dbaa4c1f85a36410e03c047b2e7df7f45ee938fbef64ae7fadf"
 dependencies = [
 "phf_macros",
 "phf_shared",
@@ -679,9 +801,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_generator"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2cbb1126afed61dd6368748dae63b1ee7dc480191c6262a3b4ff1e29d86a6c5b"
+checksum = "135ace3a761e564ec88c03a77317a7c6b80bb7f7135ef2544dbe054243b89737"
 dependencies = [
 "fastrand",
 "phf_shared",
@@ -689,9 +811,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_macros"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d713258393a82f091ead52047ca779d37e5766226d009de21696c4e667044368"
+checksum = "812f032b54b1e759ccd5f8b6677695d5268c588701effba24601f6932f8269ef"
 dependencies = [
 "phf_generator",
 "phf_shared",
@@ -702,9 +824,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_shared"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "06005508882fb681fd97892ecff4b7fd0fee13ef1aa569f8695dae7ab9099981"
+checksum = "e57fef6bc5981e38c2ce2d63bfa546861309f875b8a75f092d1d54ae2d64f266"
 dependencies = [
 "siphasher",
 ]
@@ -730,6 +852,21 @@ dependencies = [
 "portable-atomic",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ppv-lite86"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pretty_assertions"
 version = "1.4.1"
@@ -770,6 +907,17 @@ version = "0.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
 dependencies = [
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
 "rand_core",
 ]

@@ -788,28 +936,7 @@ version = "0.5.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5407465600fb0548f1442edf71dd20683c6ed326200ace4b1ef0763521bb3b77"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "regex"
-version = "1.11.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b544ef1b4eac5dc2db33ea63606ae9ffcfac26c1416a2806ae0bf5f56b201191"
-dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick",
- "memchr",
- "regex-automata 0.4.9",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.5",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c230d73fb8d8c1b9c0b3135c5142a8acee3a0558fb8db5cf1cb65f8d7862132"
-dependencies = [
- "regex-syntax 0.6.29",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -820,21 +947,49 @@ checksum = "809e8dc61f6de73b46c85f4c96486310fe304c434cfa43669d7b40f711150908"
 dependencies = [
 "aho-corasick",
 "memchr",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.5",
+ "regex-syntax",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.6.29"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,62 +1,104 @@
 [package]
 name = "pacman"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.80.2"
+authors = ["Xevion"]
 edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.86.0"
+description = "A cross-platform retro Pac-Man clone, written in Rust and supported by SDL2"
+readme = true
+homepage = "https://pacman.xevion.dev"
+repository = "https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man"
+license = "GPL-3.0-or-later"
+keywords = ["game", "pacman", "arcade", "sdl2"]
+categories = ["games", "emulators"]
+publish = false
+exclude = ["/assets/unpacked/**", "/assets/site/**", "/bacon.toml", "/Justfile"]
+default-run = "pacman"

 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-tracing = { version = "0.1.41", features = ["max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug"]}
-tracing-error = "0.2.0"
-tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.17", features = ["env-filter"]}
-lazy_static = "1.5.0"
-sdl2 = { version = "0.38.0", features = ["image", "ttf"] }
-spin_sleep = "1.3.2"
-rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng", "os_rng"] }
-pathfinding = "4.14"
-once_cell = "1.21.3"
-thiserror = "2.0.14"
-anyhow = "1.0"
+bevy_ecs = "0.16.1"
 glam = "0.30.5"
-serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0.142"
+pathfinding = "4.14"
+tracing = { version = "0.1.41", features = ["max_level_trace", "release_max_level_debug"]}
+tracing-error = "0.2.0"
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.20", features = ["env-filter"]}
+time = { version = "0.3.43", features = ["formatting", "macros"] }
+thiserror = "2.0.16"
+anyhow = "1.0"
 smallvec = "1.15.1"
+bitflags = "2.9.4"
+micromap = "0.1.0"
+circular-buffer = "1.1.0"
+parking_lot = "0.12.3"
 strum = "0.27.2"
 strum_macros = "0.27.2"
-phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }
-bevy_ecs = "0.16.1"
-bitflags = "2.9.1"
-parking_lot = "0.12.3"
-micromap = "0.1.0"
 thousands = "0.2.0"
-pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
 num-width = "0.1.0"
-circular-buffer = "1.1.0"
+# While not actively used in code, `build.rs` generates code that relies on this. Keep the versions synchronized.
+phf = { version = "0.13.1", features = ["macros"] }

+# Windows-specific dependencies
+[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
+# Used for customizing console output on Windows; both are required due to the `windows` crate having poor Result handling with `GetStdHandle`.
+windows = { version = "0.62.0", features = ["Win32_Security", "Win32_Storage_FileSystem", "Win32_System_Console"] }
+windows-sys = { version = "0.61.0", features = ["Win32_System_Console"] }
+
+# Desktop-specific dependencies
+[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))'.dependencies]
+# On desktop platforms, build SDL2 with cargo-vcpkg
+sdl2 = { version = "0.38", default-features = false, features = ["image", "ttf", "gfx", "mixer", "unsafe_textures", "static-link", "use-vcpkg"] }
+rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["thread_rng"] }
+rust-embed = "8.7.2"
+spin_sleep = "1.3.3"
+
+# Browser-specific dependencies
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies]
+# On Emscripten, we don't use cargo-vcpkg
+sdl2 = { version = "0.38", default-features = false, features = ["image", "ttf", "gfx", "mixer", "unsafe_textures"] }
+# TODO: Document why Emscripten cannot use `os_rng`.
+rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng", "os_rng"] }
+libc = "0.2.175"  # TODO: Describe why this is required.
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
+speculoos = "0.13.0"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+phf = { version = "0.13.1", features = ["macros"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.143"
+
+# phf generates runtime code which machete will not detect
+[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
+ignored = ["phf"]
+
+# Release profile for profiling (essentially the default 'release' profile with debug enabled)
+[profile.profile]
+inherits = "release"
+debug = true
+# Undo the customizations for our release profile
+opt-level = 3
+lto = false
+panic = 'unwind'
+
+# Optimized release profile for size
 [profile.release]
+opt-level = "z"
 lto = true
 panic = "abort"
-opt-level = "z"

-[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.winapi]
-version = "0.3"
-features = ["consoleapi", "fileapi", "handleapi", "processenv", "winbase", "wincon", "winnt", "winuser", "windef", "minwindef"]
-
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies.sdl2]
-version = "0.38"
-default-features = false
-features = ["ttf","image","gfx","mixer"]
-
-[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))'.dependencies.sdl2]
-version = "0.38"
-default-features = false
-features = ["ttf","image","gfx","mixer","static-link","use-vcpkg"]
+# This profile is intended to appear as a 'release' profile to the build system due to`debug_assertions = false`,
+# but it will compile faster without optimizations. Useful for rapid testing of release-mode logic.
+[profile.dev-release]
+inherits = "dev"
+debug-assertions = false

 [package.metadata.vcpkg]
 dependencies = ["sdl2", "sdl2-image", "sdl2-ttf", "sdl2-gfx", "sdl2-mixer"]
 git = "https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg"
-rev = "2024.05.24" # release 2024.05.24 # to check for a new one, check https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/releases
+rev = "2024.05.24" # to check for a new one, check https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/releases

 [package.metadata.vcpkg.target]
 x86_64-pc-windows-msvc = { triplet = "x64-windows-static-md" }
@@ -64,10 +106,10 @@ x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu = { triplet = "x64-linux" }
 x86_64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "x64-osx" }
 aarch64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "arm64-osx" }

-[target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies]
-libc = "0.2.175"
+[features]
+# Windows-specific features
+force-console = []
+default = []

-[build-dependencies]
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0"
-phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(coverage,coverage_nightly)', 'cfg(use_console)'] }
--- a/31
+++ b/31
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 set shell := ["bash", "-c"]
 set windows-shell := ["powershell.exe", "-NoLogo", "-Command"]

-# Regex to exclude files from coverage report, double escapes for Justfile + CLI
-# You can use src\\\\..., but the filename alone is acceptable too
-coverage_exclude_pattern := "src\\\\app.rs|audio.rs|src\\\\error.rs|platform\\\\emscripten.rs"
+
+binary_extension := if os() == "windows" { ".exe" } else { "" }

 # !!! --ignore-filename-regex should be used on both reports & coverage testing
 # !!! --remap-path-prefix prevents the absolute path from being used in the generated report
@@ -12,22 +11,34 @@ coverage_exclude_pattern := "src\\\\app.rs|audio.rs|src\\\\error.rs|platform\\\\
 html: coverage
    cargo llvm-cov report \
    --remap-path-prefix \
-    --ignore-filename-regex "{{ coverage_exclude_pattern }}" \
    --html \
    --open

 # Display report (for humans)
 report-coverage: coverage
-    cargo llvm-cov report \
-    --remap-path-prefix \
-    --ignore-filename-regex "{{ coverage_exclude_pattern }}"
+    cargo llvm-cov report --remap-path-prefix

-# Run & generate report (for CI)
+# Run & generate LCOV report (as base report)
 coverage:
-    cargo llvm-cov \
+    cargo +nightly llvm-cov \
    --lcov \
    --remap-path-prefix \
-    --ignore-filename-regex "{{ coverage_exclude_pattern }}" \
+    --workspace \
    --output-path lcov.info \
    --profile coverage \
    --no-fail-fast nextest
+
+# Profile the project using 'samply'
+samply:
+    cargo build --profile profile
+    samply record ./target/profile/pacman{{ binary_extension }}
+
+# Build the project for Emscripten
+web *args:
+    bun run web.build.ts {{args}};
+    caddy file-server --root dist
+
+# Run cargo fix
+fix:
+    cargo fix --workspace --lib --allow-dirty
+    cargo fmt --all
--- a/675
+++ b/675
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+# GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+<https://fsf.org/>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
+license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+## Preamble
+
+The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
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+free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use
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+also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply
+it to your programs, too.
+
+When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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+
+Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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+### 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
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+### 11. Patents.
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+
+Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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+
+### 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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+
+### 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
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+### 14. Revised Versions of this License.
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+### 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
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+### 16. Limitation of Liability.
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+
+### 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+## How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
+terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
+attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state
+the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
+"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+        <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+        Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+        This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+        it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+        the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+        (at your option) any later version.
+
+        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+        but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+        GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+        along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
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+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+        <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands \`show w' and \`show c' should show the
+appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
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+use an "about box".
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
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+the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
+program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
+library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
+applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
+GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first,
+please read <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,80 +1,94 @@
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD033 -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 -->
+
+<div align="center">
+  <img src="assets/repo/banner.png" alt="Pac-Man Banner Screenshot">
+</div>
+
 # Pac-Man

-[![Tests Status][badge-test]][test] [![Build Status][badge-build]][build] [![If you're seeing this, Coveralls.io is broken again and it's not my fault.][badge-coverage]][coverage] [![Online Demo][badge-online-demo]][demo] [![Last Commit][badge-last-commit]][commits]
+[![A project just for fun, no really!][badge-justforfunnoreally]][justforfunnoreally] ![Built with Rust][badge-built-with-rust] [![Build Status][badge-build]][build] [![Tests Status][badge-test]][test] [![Checks Status][badge-checks]][checks] [![If you're seeing this, Coveralls.io is broken again and it's not my fault.][badge-coverage]][coverage] [![Online Demo][badge-online-demo]][demo]

+[badge-built-with-rust]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Built_with-Rust-blue?logo=rust
+[badge-justforfunnoreally]: https://img.shields.io/badge/justforfunnoreally-dev-9ff
 [badge-test]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/workflows/tests.yaml/badge.svg
+[badge-checks]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/workflows/checks.yaml/badge.svg
 [badge-build]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/workflows/build.yaml/badge.svg
 [badge-coverage]: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/Xevion/Pac-Man/badge.svg?branch=master
-[badge-demo]: https://img.shields.io/github/deployments/Xevion/Pac-Man/github-pages?label=GitHub%20Pages
-[badge-online-demo]: https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub%20Pages-Demo-brightgreen
-[badge-last-commit]: https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/Xevion/Pac-Man
+[badge-online-demo]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Online%20Demo-Click%20Me!-brightgreen
+[justforfunnoreally]: https://justforfunnoreally.dev
 [build]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/workflows/build.yaml
 [test]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/workflows/tests.yaml
+[checks]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/workflows/checks.yaml
 [coverage]: https://coveralls.io/github/Xevion/Pac-Man?branch=master
 [demo]: https://xevion.github.io/Pac-Man/
-[commits]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/commits/master

-A faithful recreation of the classic Pac-Man arcade game written in Rust. This project aims to replicate the original game's mechanics, graphics, sound, and behavior as accurately as possible while providing modern development features like cross-platform compatibility and WebAssembly support.
+A faithful recreation of the classic Pac-Man arcade game, written in Rust.
+
+This project aims to replicate the original game's mechanics, graphics, sound, and behavior as accurately as possible while providing modern development features like cross-platform compatibility and WebAssembly support.

 The game includes all the original features you'd expect from Pac-Man:

- [x] Classic maze navigation and dot collection
+- [x] Classic maze navigation with tunnels and dot collection
 - [ ] Four ghosts with their unique AI behaviors (Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde)
- [ ] Power pellets that allow Pac-Man to eat ghosts
- [ ] Fruit bonuses that appear periodically
+- [x] Power pellets that allow Pac-Man to eat ghosts
+- [x] Fruit bonuses that appear periodically
 - [ ] Progressive difficulty with faster ghosts and shorter power pellet duration
 - [x] Authentic sound effects and sprites

-This cross-platform implementation is built with SDL2 for graphics, audio, and input handling. It can run on Windows, Linux, macOS, and in web browsers via WebAssembly.
+This cross-platform implementation is built with SDL2 for graphics, audio, and input handling. It can run on Windows, Linux, macOS, even web browsers via WebAssembly.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+The easiest way to play is to visit the [online demo][demo]. It is more or less identical to the desktop experience at this time.
+
+While I do plan to have desktop builds released automatically, the game is still a work in progress, and I'm not quite ready to start uploading releases.
+
+However, every commit has build artifacts, so you can grab the [latest build artifacts][build-workflow] if available.
+
+## Screenshots
+
+<div align="center">
+  <img src="assets/repo/screenshots/0.png" alt="Screenshot 0 - Starting Game">
+  <p><em>Starting a new game</em></p>
+
+  <img src="assets/repo/screenshots/1.png" alt="Screenshot 1 - Eating Dots">
+  <p><em>Pac-Man collecting dots and avoiding ghosts</em></p>
+
+  <img src="assets/repo/screenshots/2.png" alt="Screenshot 2 - Game Over">
+  <p><em>Game over screen after losing all lives</em></p>
+
+  <img src="assets/repo/screenshots/3.png" alt="Screenshot 3 - Debug Mode">
+  <p><em>Debug mode showing hitboxes, node graph, and performance details.</em></p>
+</div>

 ## Why?

-Just because. And because I wanted to learn more about Rust, inter-operability with C, and compiling to WebAssembly.
+[Just for fun.][justforfunnoreally] And because I wanted to learn more about Rust, inter-operability with C, and compiling to WebAssembly.

-I was inspired by a certain code review video on YouTube; [SOME UNIQUE C++ CODE // Pacman Clone Code Review](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKs_JewEeOo) by The Cherno.
+Originally, I was inspired by a certain code review video on YouTube; [SOME UNIQUE C++ CODE // Pacman Clone Code Review](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKs_JewEeOo). For some reason, I was inspired to try and replicate it in Rust, and it was uniquely challenging. It's not easy to integrate SDL2 with Rust, and even harder to get it working with Emscripten.

-For some reason, I was inspired to try and replicate it in Rust, and it was uniquely challenging.
+I wanted to hit a lot of goals and features, making it a 'perfect' project that I could be proud of.

-I wanted to hit a log of goals and features, making it a 'perfect' project that I could be proud of.
-
- Near-perfect replication of logic, scoring, graphics, sound, and behaviors. No hacks, workarounds, or poor designs.
- Written in Rust, buildable on Windows, Linux, Mac and WebAssembly. Statically linked, no runtime dependencies.
+- Near-perfect replication of logic, scoring, graphics, sound, and behaviors. No hacks, workarounds, or poor designs. Well documented, well-tested, and maintainable.
+- Written in Rust, buildable on Windows, Linux, Mac and WebAssembly. Statically linked, no runtime dependencies, automatically built with GitHub Actions.
 - Performant, low memory, CPU and GPU usage.
- Online demo, playable in a browser.
- Completely automatic build system with releases for all platforms.
- Well documented, well-tested, and maintainable.
+- Online demo, playable in a browser, built automatically with GitHub Actions.

-## Experimental Ideas
+If you're curious about the journey of this project, you can read the [story](STORY.md) file. Eventually, I will be using this as the basis for some sort of blog post or more official page, but for now, I'm keeping it within the repository as a simple file.

- Debug tooling
-  - Game state visualization
-  - Game speed controls + pausing
-  - Log tracing
-  - Performance details
- Customized Themes & Colors
-  - Color-blind friendly
- Perfected Ghost Algorithms
- More than 4 ghosts
- Custom Level Generation
-  - Multi-map tunnelling
- Online Scoreboard
-  - An online axum server with a simple database and OAuth2 authentication.
-  - Integrates with GitHub, Discord, and Google OAuth2 to acquire an email identifier & avatar.
-    - Avatars are optional for score submission and can be disabled, instead using a blank avatar.
-    - Avatars are downscaled to a low resolution pixellated image to maintain the 8-bit aesthetic.
-    - A custom name is used for the score submission, which is checked for potential abusive language.
-      - A max length of 14 characters, and a min length of 3 characters.
-      - Names are checked for potential abusive language via an external API.
-  - The client implementation should require zero configuration, environment variables, or special secrets.
-    - It simply defaults to the pacman server API, or can be overriden manually.
+## Roadmap
+
+You can read the [roadmap](ROADMAP.md) file for more details on the project's goals and future plans.

 ## Build Notes

 Since this project is still in progress, I'm only going to cover non-obvious build details. By reading the code, build scripts, and copying the online build workflows, you should be able to replicate the build process.

+- Install `cargo-vcpkg` with `cargo install cargo-vcpkg`, then run `cargo vcpkg build` to build the requisite dependencies via vcpkg.
+  - This is only required for the desktop builds, not the web build.
 - We use rustc 1.86.0 for the build, due to bulk-memory-opt related issues on wasm32-unknown-emscripten.
  - Technically, we could probably use stable or even nightly on desktop targets, but using different versions for different targets is a pain, mainly because of clippy warnings changing between versions.
- Install `cargo-vcpkg` with `cargo install cargo-vcpkg`, then run `cargo vcpkg build` to build the requisite dependencies via vcpkg.
 - For the WASM build, you need to have the Emscripten SDK cloned; you can do so with `git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git`
  - The first time you clone, you'll need to install the appropriate SDK version with `./emsdk install 3.1.43` and then activate it with `./emsdk activate 3.1.43`. On Windows, use `./emsdk/emsdk.ps1` instead.
    - I'm still not sure _why_ 3.1.43 is required, but it is. Perhaps in the future I will attempt to use a more modern version.
@@ -87,3 +101,18 @@ Since this project is still in progress, I'm only going to cover non-obvious bui
    - `caddy file-server --root dist` (install with `[sudo apt|brew|choco] install caddy` or [a dozen other ways](https://caddyserver.com/docs/install))
 - `web.build.ts` auto installs dependencies, but you may need to pass `-i` or `--install=fallback|force` to install missing packages. My guess is that if you have some packages installed, it won't install any missing ones. If you have no packages installed, it will install all of them.
  - If you want to have TypeScript resolution for development, you can manually install the dependencies with `bun install` in the `assets/site` folder.
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a pull request or open an issue.
+
+- The code is not exactly stable or bulletproof, but it is functional and has a lot of tests.
+- I am not actively looking for contributors, but I will review pull requests and merge them if they are useful.
+- If you have any ideas, please feel free to submit an issue.
+- If you have any private issues, security concerns, or anything sensitive, you can email me at [xevion@xevion.dev](mailto:xevion@xevion.dev).
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the GPLv3 license. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.
+
+[build-workflow]: https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man/actions/workflows/build.yaml
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# Roadmap
+
+A comprehensive list of features needed to complete the Pac-Man emulation, organized by priority and implementation complexity.
+
+## Core Game Features
+
+### Ghost AI & Behavior
+
+- [x] Core Ghost System Architecture
+  - [x] Ghost entity types (Blinky, Pinky, Inky, Clyde)
+  - [x] Ghost state management (Normal, Frightened, Eyes)
+  - [x] Ghost movement and pathfinding systems
+- [ ] Authentic Ghost AI Personalities
+  - [ ] Blinky (Red): Direct chase behavior
+  - [ ] Pinky (Pink): Target 4 tiles ahead of Pac-Man
+  - [ ] Inky (Cyan): Complex behavior based on Blinky's position
+  - [ ] Clyde (Orange): Chase when far, flee when close
+- [x] Mode Switching System
+  - [ ] Scatter/Chase pattern with proper timing
+  - [x] Frightened mode transitions
+  - [ ] Ghost house entry/exit mechanics
+- [x] Ghost House Behavior
+  - [x] Proper spawning sequence
+  - [ ] Exit timing and patterns
+  - [ ] House-specific movement rules
+
+### Fruit Bonus System
+
+- [x] Fruit Spawning Mechanics
+  - [x] Spawn at pellet counts 70 and 170
+  - [x] Fruit display in bottom-right corner
+  - [x] Fruit collection and scoring
+  - [x] Bonus point display system
+
+### Level Progression
+
+- [ ] Multiple Levels
+  - [ ] Level completion detection
+  - [ ] Progressive difficulty scaling
+  - [ ] Ghost speed increases per level
+  - [ ] Power pellet duration decreases
+- [ ] Intermission Screens
+  - [ ] Between-level cutscenes
+  - [ ] Proper graphics and timing
+
+### Audio System Completion
+
+- [x] Core Audio Infrastructure
+  - [x] Audio event system
+  - [x] Sound effect playback
+  - [x] Audio muting controls
+- [ ] Background Music
+  - [x] Intro jingle
+  - [ ] Continuous gameplay music
+  - [ ] Escalating siren based on remaining pellets
+  - [ ] Power pellet mode music
+  - [ ] Intermission music
+- [x] Sound Effects
+  - [x] Pellet eating sounds
+  - [x] Fruit collection sounds
+  - [x] Ghost eaten sounds
+  - [x] Pac-Man Death
+  - [ ] Ghost movement sounds
+  - [ ] Level completion fanfare
+
+### Game Mechanics
+
+- [ ] Bonus Lives
+  - [ ] Extra life at 10,000 points
+  - [x] Life counter display
+- [ ] High Score System
+  - [ ] High score tracking
+  - [x] High score display
+  - [ ] Score persistence
+
+## Secondary Features (Medium Priority)
+
+### Game Polish
+
+- [x] Core Input System
+  - [x] Keyboard controls
+  - [x] Direction buffering for responsive controls
+  - [x] Touch controls for mobile
+- [x] Pause System
+  - [x] Pause/unpause functionality
+  - [ ] Pause menu with options
+- [ ] Input System
+  - [ ] Input remapping
+  - [ ] Multiple input methods
+
+## Advanced Features (Lower Priority)
+
+### Difficulty Options
+
+- [ ] Easy/Normal/Hard modes
+- [ ] Customizable ghost speeds
+
+### Data Persistence
+
+- [ ] High Score Persistence
+  - [ ] Save high scores to file
+  - [ ] High score table display
+- [ ] Settings Storage
+  - [ ] Save user preferences
+  - [ ] Audio/visual settings
+- [ ] Statistics Tracking
+  - [ ] Game statistics
+  - [ ] Achievement system
+
+### Debug & Development Tools
+
+- [x] Performance details
+- [x] Core Debug Infrastructure
+  - [x] Debug mode toggle
+  - [x] Comprehensive game event logging
+  - [x] Performance profiling tools
+- [ ] Game State Visualization
+  - [ ] Ghost AI state display
+  - [ ] Pathfinding visualization
+  - [ ] Collision detection display
+- [ ] Game Speed Controls
+  - [ ] Variable game speed for testing
+  - [ ] Frame-by-frame stepping
+
+## Customization & Extensions
+
+### Visual Customization
+
+- [x] Core Rendering System
+  - [x] Sprite-based rendering
+  - [x] Layered rendering system
+  - [x] Animation system
+  - [x] HUD rendering
+- [ ] Display Options
+  - [x] Fullscreen support
+  - [x] Window resizing
+    - [ ] Pause while resizing (SDL2 limitation mitigation)
+  - [ ] Multiple resolution support
+
+### Gameplay Extensions
+
+- [ ] Advanced Ghost AI
+  - [ ] Support for >4 ghosts
+  - [ ] Custom ghost behaviors
+- [ ] Level Generation
+  - [ ] Custom level creation
+  - [ ] Multi-map tunneling
+  - [ ] Level editor
+
+## Online Features (Future)
+
+### Scoreboard System
+
+- [ ] Backend Infrastructure
+  - [ ] Axum server with database
+  - [ ] OAuth2 authentication
+  - [ ] GitHub/Discord/Google auth
+- [ ] Profile Features
+  - [ ] Optional avatars (8-bit aesthetic)
+  - [ ] Custom names (3-14 chars, filtered)
+- [ ] Client Implementation
+  - [ ] Zero-config client
+  - [ ] Default API endpoint
+  - [ ] Manual override available
--- a/STORY.md
+++ b/STORY.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ WebAssembly.
 The problem is that much of this work was done for pure-Rust applications - and SDL is C++.
 This requires a C++ WebAssembly compiler such as Emscripten; and it's a pain to get working.

-Luckily though, someone else has done this before, and they fully documented it - [RuggRouge][ruggrouge].
+Luckily though, someone else has done this before, and they fully documented it - [RuggRouge][ruggrogue].

 - Built with Rust
 - Uses SDL2
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ This was weird, and honestly, I'm confused as to why the 2-year old sample code

 After a bit of time, I noted that the `Instant` times were printing with only the whole seconds changing, and the nanoseconds were always 0.

-```
+```rust
 Instant { tv_sec: 0, tv_nsec: 0 }
 Instant { tv_sec: 1, tv_nsec: 0 }
 Instant { tv_sec: 2, tv_nsec: 0 }
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ Doing so required a full re-work of the animation and texture system, and I ende

 So, I ended up using `unsafe` to forcibly cast the lifetimes to `'static`, which was a bit of a gamble, but given that they essentially behave as `'static` in practice, there wasn't much risk as I see it. I might re-look into my understanding of lifetimes and this in the future, but for the time being, it's a good solution that makes the codebase far easier to work with.

-## Cross-platform Builds
+## Implementing Cross-platform Builds for Pac-Man

 Since the original `rust-sdl2-emscripten` demo project had cross-platform builds, I was ready to get it working for this project. For the most part, it wasn't hard, things tended to click into place, but unfortunately, the `emscripten` os target and somehow, the `linux` os target were both failing.

@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ The bigger downside was that I had to toss out almost all the existing code for

 This ended up being okay though, as I was able to clean up a lot of gross code, and the system ended up being easier to work with by comparison.

-[code-review-video]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKs_JewEeOo
 [code-review-thumbnail]: https://img.youtube.com/vi/OKs_JewEeOo/hqdefault.jpg
+[code-review-video]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKs_JewEeOo
 [fighting-lifetimes-1]: https://devcry.heiho.net/html/2022/20220709-rust-and-sdl2-fighting-with-lifetimes.html
 [fighting-lifetimes-2]: https://devcry.heiho.net/html/2022/20220716-rust-and-sdl2-fighting-with-lifetimes-2.html
 [fighting-lifetimes-3]: https://devcry.heiho.net/html/2022/20220724-rust-and-sdl2-fighting-with-lifetimes-3.html
--- a/assets/game/sound/begin.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/begin.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/intermission.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/intermission.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/death.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/death.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/death.wav
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/death.wav
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/extra_life.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/extra_life.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/fruit.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/fruit.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/ghost.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/ghost.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/1.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/1.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/2.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/2.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/3.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/3.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/4.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/pacman/waka/4.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/waka/1.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/waka/1.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/waka/2.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/waka/2.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/waka/3.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/waka/3.ogg
--- a/assets/game/sound/waka/4.ogg
+++ b/assets/game/sound/waka/4.ogg
--- a/assets/repo/banner.png
+++ b/assets/repo/banner.png
--- a/assets/repo/screenshots/0.png
+++ b/assets/repo/screenshots/0.png
--- a/assets/repo/screenshots/1.png
+++ b/assets/repo/screenshots/1.png
--- a/assets/repo/screenshots/2.png
+++ b/assets/repo/screenshots/2.png
--- a/assets/repo/screenshots/3.png
+++ b/assets/repo/screenshots/3.png
--- a/bacon.toml
+++ b/bacon.toml
@@ -28,16 +28,18 @@ need_stdout = false

 [jobs.test]
 command = [
-    "cargo", "nextest", "run",
-    "--hide-progress-bar", "--failure-output", "final"
+    "cargo",
+    "nextest",
+    "run",
+    "--hide-progress-bar",
+    "--failure-output",
+    "final",
 ]
 need_stdout = true
 analyzer = "nextest"

 [jobs.coverage]
-command = [
-    "just", "report-coverage"
-]
+command = ["just", "report-coverage"]
 need_stdout = true
 ignored_lines = [
    "info:",
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ ignored_lines = [
    "\\s*Finished.+in \\d+",
    "\\s*Summary\\s+\\[",
    "\\s*Blocking",
-    "Finished report saved to"
+    "Finished report saved to",
 ]
 on_change_strategy = "wait_then_restart"

@@ -66,21 +68,26 @@ need_stdout = false
 [jobs.doc-open]
 command = ["cargo", "doc", "--no-deps", "--open"]
 need_stdout = false
-on_success = "back" # so that we don't open the browser at each change
+on_success = "back"                               # so that we don't open the browser at each change

 [jobs.run]
-command = [
-    "cargo", "run",
-]
+command = ["cargo", "run"]
 need_stdout = true
 allow_warnings = true
 background = false
 on_change_strategy = "kill_then_restart"
 # kill = ["pkill", "-TERM", "-P"]'

+[jobs.precommit]
+command = ["pre-commit", "run", "--all-files"]
+need_stdout = true
+background = false
+on_change_strategy = "kill_then_restart"
+
 [keybindings]
 c = "job:clippy"
 alt-c = "job:check"
 ctrl-alt-c = "job:check-all"
 shift-c = "job:clippy-all"
 f = "job:coverage"
+p = "job:precommit"
--- a/build.rs
+++ b/build.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ struct MapperFrame {
    height: u16,
 }

+impl MapperFrame {
+    fn to_u16vec2_format(self) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "MapperFrame {{ pos: glam::U16Vec2::new({}, {}), size: glam::U16Vec2::new({}, {}) }}",
+            self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 fn main() {
    let path = Path::new(&env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("atlas_data.rs");
    let mut file = BufWriter::new(File::create(&path).unwrap());
@@ -37,14 +46,16 @@ fn main() {
    .unwrap();

    for (name, frame) in atlas_mapper.frames {
-        writeln!(
-            &mut file,
-            "    \"{}\" => MapperFrame {{ x: {}, y: {}, width: {}, height: {} }},",
-            name, frame.x, frame.y, frame.width, frame.height
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        writeln!(&mut file, "    \"{}\" => {},", name, frame.to_u16vec2_format()).unwrap();
    }

    writeln!(&mut file, "}};").unwrap();
    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=assets/game/atlas.json");
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    {
+        if cfg!(any(feature = "force-console", debug_assertions)) {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=use_console");
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/src/app.rs
+++ b/src/app.rs
@@ -1,52 +1,49 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

-use sdl2::render::TextureCreator;
-use sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext;
-use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
-use sdl2::{AudioSubsystem, EventPump, Sdl, VideoSubsystem};
-
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult};

 use crate::constants::{CANVAS_SIZE, LOOP_TIME, SCALE};
+use crate::formatter;
 use crate::game::Game;
-use crate::platform::get_platform;
+use crate::platform;
+use sdl2::pixels::PixelFormatEnum;
+use sdl2::render::RendererInfo;
+use sdl2::{AudioSubsystem, Sdl};
+use tracing::{debug, info, trace};

 /// Main application wrapper that manages SDL initialization, window lifecycle, and the game loop.
-///
-/// Handles platform-specific setup, maintains consistent frame timing, and delegates
-/// game logic to the contained `Game` instance. The app manages focus state to
-/// optimize CPU usage when the window loses focus.
 pub struct App {
    pub game: Game,
    last_tick: Instant,
    focused: bool,
+    // Keep SDL alive for the app lifetime so subsystems (audio) are not shut down
+    _sdl_context: Sdl,
+    _audio_subsystem: AudioSubsystem,
 }

 impl App {
    /// Initializes SDL subsystems, creates the game window, and sets up the game state.
    ///
-    /// Performs comprehensive initialization including video/audio subsystems, platform-specific
-    /// console setup, window creation with proper scaling, and canvas configuration. All SDL
-    /// resources are leaked to maintain 'static lifetimes required by the game architecture.
-    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `GameError::Sdl` if any SDL initialization step fails, or propagates
    /// errors from `Game::new()` during game state setup.
    pub fn new() -> GameResult<Self> {
-        let sdl_context: &'static Sdl = Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let video_subsystem: &'static VideoSubsystem =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.video().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let _audio_subsystem: &'static AudioSubsystem =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.audio().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let _ttf_context: &'static Sdl2TtfContext =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let event_pump: &'static mut EventPump =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.event_pump().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-
-        // Initialize platform-specific console
-        get_platform().init_console()?;
+        info!("Initializing SDL2 application");
+        let sdl_context = sdl2::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        debug!("Initializing SDL2 subsystems");
+        let ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        let video_subsystem = sdl_context.video().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        let audio_subsystem = sdl_context.audio().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        let event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;

+        trace!(
+            width = (CANVAS_SIZE.x as f32 * SCALE).round() as u32,
+            height = (CANVAS_SIZE.y as f32 * SCALE).round() as u32,
+            scale = SCALE,
+            "Creating game window"
+        );
        let window = video_subsystem
            .window(
                "Pac-Man",
@@ -58,27 +55,71 @@ impl App {
            .build()
            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;

-        let canvas = Box::leak(Box::new(
-            window
-                .into_canvas()
-                .accelerated()
-                .build()
-                .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?,
-        ));
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        struct DriverDetail {
+            info: RendererInfo,
+            index: usize,
+        }

+        let drivers: HashMap<&'static str, DriverDetail> = sdl2::render::drivers()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(index, d)| (d.name, DriverDetail { info: d, index }))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
+        let get_driver =
+            |name: &'static str| -> Option<u32> { drivers.get(name.to_lowercase().as_str()).map(|d| d.index as u32) };
+
+        {
+            let mut names = drivers.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            names.sort_by_key(|k| get_driver(k));
+            trace!("Drivers: {names:?}")
+        }
+
+        // Count the number of times each pixel format is supported by each driver
+        let pixel_format_counts: HashMap<PixelFormatEnum, usize> = drivers
+            .values()
+            .flat_map(|d| d.info.texture_formats.iter())
+            .fold(HashMap::new(), |mut counts, format| {
+                *counts.entry(*format).or_insert(0) += 1;
+                counts
+            });
+
+        trace!(pixel_format_counts = ?pixel_format_counts, "Available pixel formats per driver");
+
+        let index = get_driver("direct3d");
+        trace!(driver_index = ?index, "Selected graphics driver");
+
+        trace!("Creating hardware-accelerated canvas");
+        let mut canvas = window
+            .into_canvas()
+            .accelerated()
+            // .index(index)
+            .build()
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        trace!(
+            logical_width = CANVAS_SIZE.x,
+            logical_height = CANVAS_SIZE.y,
+            "Setting canvas logical size"
+        );
        canvas
            .set_logical_size(CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        debug!(renderer_info = ?canvas.info(), "Canvas renderer initialized");

-        let texture_creator: &'static mut TextureCreator<WindowContext> = Box::leak(Box::new(canvas.texture_creator()));
+        trace!("Creating texture factory");
+        let texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();

-        let game = Game::new(canvas, texture_creator, event_pump)?;
-        // game.audio.set_mute(cfg!(debug_assertions));
+        info!("Starting game initialization");
+        let game = Game::new(canvas, ttf_context, texture_creator, event_pump)?;

+        info!("Application initialization completed successfully");
        Ok(App {
            game,
            focused: true,
            last_tick: Instant::now(),
+            _sdl_context: sdl_context,
+            _audio_subsystem: audio_subsystem,
        })
    }

@@ -96,33 +137,11 @@ impl App {
        {
            let start = Instant::now();

-            // for event in self
-            //     .game
-            //     .world
-            //     .get_non_send_resource_mut::<&'static mut EventPump>()
-            //     .unwrap()
-            //     .poll_iter()
-            // {
-            //     match event {
-            //         Event::Window { win_event, .. } => match win_event {
-            //             WindowEvent::FocusGained => {
-            //                 self.focused = true;
-            //             }
-            //             WindowEvent::FocusLost => {
-            //                 self.focused = false;
-            //             }
-            //             _ => {}
-            //         },
-            //         Event::MouseMotion { x, y, .. } => {
-            //             // Convert window coordinates to logical coordinates
-            //             self.cursor_pos = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
-            //         }
-            //         _ => {}
-            //     }
-            // }
-
            let dt = self.last_tick.elapsed().as_secs_f32();
-            self.last_tick = Instant::now();
+            self.last_tick = start;
+
+            // Increment the global tick counter for tracing
+            formatter::increment_tick();

            let exit = self.game.tick(dt);

@@ -134,7 +153,7 @@ impl App {
            if start.elapsed() < LOOP_TIME {
                let time = LOOP_TIME.saturating_sub(start.elapsed());
                if time != Duration::ZERO {
-                    get_platform().sleep(time, self.focused);
+                    platform::sleep(time, self.focused);
                }
            }

--- a/src/asset.rs
+++ b/src/asset.rs
@@ -1,24 +1,64 @@
-#![allow(dead_code)]
 //! Cross-platform asset loading abstraction.
 //! On desktop, assets are embedded using include_bytes!; on Emscripten, assets are loaded from the filesystem.

 use std::borrow::Cow;
-use strum_macros::EnumIter;
+use std::iter;
+
+use crate::audio::Sound;
+use crate::error::AssetError;

 /// Enumeration of all game assets with cross-platform loading support.
 ///
 /// Each variant corresponds to a specific file that can be loaded either from
 /// binary-embedded data or embedded filesystem (Emscripten).
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, EnumIter)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Asset {
-    Wav1,
-    Wav2,
-    Wav3,
-    Wav4,
    /// Main sprite atlas containing all game graphics (atlas.png)
    AtlasImage,
    /// Terminal Vector font for text rendering (TerminalVector.ttf)
    Font,
+    /// Sound file assets
+    SoundFile(Sound),
+}
+
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
+
+impl Asset {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn into_iter() -> AssetIter {
+        AssetIter {
+            sound_iter: None,
+            state: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub struct AssetIter {
+    sound_iter: Option<iter::Map<<Sound as IntoEnumIterator>::Iterator, fn(Sound) -> Asset>>,
+    state: u8,
+}
+
+impl Iterator for AssetIter {
+    type Item = Asset;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        match self.state {
+            0 => {
+                self.state = 1;
+                Some(Asset::AtlasImage)
+            }
+            1 => {
+                self.state = 2;
+                Some(Asset::Font)
+            }
+            2 => self
+                .sound_iter
+                .get_or_insert_with(|| Sound::iter().map(Asset::SoundFile))
+                .next(),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl Asset {
@@ -27,39 +67,71 @@ impl Asset {
    /// Paths are consistent across platforms and used by the Emscripten backend
    /// for filesystem loading. Desktop builds embed assets directly and don't
    /// use these paths at runtime.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
        use Asset::*;
        match self {
-            Wav1 => "sound/waka/1.ogg",
-            Wav2 => "sound/waka/2.ogg",
-            Wav3 => "sound/waka/3.ogg",
-            Wav4 => "sound/waka/4.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Waka(0)) => "sound/pacman/waka/1.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Waka(1)) => "sound/pacman/waka/2.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Waka(2)) => "sound/pacman/waka/3.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Waka(3..=u8::MAX)) => "sound/pacman/waka/4.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::PacmanDeath) => "sound/pacman/death.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::ExtraLife) => "sound/pacman/extra_life.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Fruit) => "sound/pacman/fruit.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Ghost) => "sound/pacman/ghost.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Beginning) => "sound/begin.ogg",
+            SoundFile(Sound::Intermission) => "sound/intermission.ogg",
            AtlasImage => "atlas.png",
            Font => "TerminalVector.ttf",
        }
    }
-}
-
-mod imp {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::error::AssetError;
-    use crate::platform::get_platform;

    /// Loads asset bytes using the appropriate platform-specific method.
    ///
-    /// On desktop platforms, returns embedded compile-time data via `include_bytes!`.
+    /// On desktop platforms, returns embedded compile-time data via `rust-embed`.
    /// On Emscripten, loads from the filesystem using the asset's path. The returned
    /// `Cow` allows zero-copy access to embedded data while supporting owned data
    /// when loaded from disk.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
-    /// Returns `AssetError::NotFound` if the asset file cannot be located (Emscripten only),
+    /// Returns `AssetError::NotFound` if the asset file cannot be located,
    /// or `AssetError::Io` for filesystem I/O failures.
-    pub fn get_asset_bytes(asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
-        get_platform().get_asset_bytes(asset)
+    pub fn get_bytes(&self) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
+        use tracing::trace;
+        trace!(asset = ?self, "Loading game asset");
+        let result = self.get_bytes_platform();
+        match &result {
+            Ok(bytes) => trace!(asset = ?self, size_bytes = bytes.len(), "Asset loaded successfully"),
+            Err(e) => trace!(asset = ?self, error = ?e, "Asset loading failed"),
+        }
+        result
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+    fn get_bytes_platform(&self) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
+        #[derive(rust_embed::Embed)]
+        #[folder = "assets/game/"]
+        struct EmbeddedAssets;
+
+        let path = self.path();
+        EmbeddedAssets::get(path)
+            .map(|file| file.data)
+            .ok_or_else(|| AssetError::NotFound(path.to_string()))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
+    fn get_bytes_platform(&self) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
+        use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
+        use std::io::{self, Read};
+
+        let path = format!("assets/game/{}", self.path());
+        let mut rwops = RWops::from_file(&path, "rb").map_err(|_| AssetError::NotFound(self.path().to_string()))?;
+
+        let len = rwops.len().ok_or_else(|| AssetError::NotFound(self.path().to_string()))?;
+
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
+        rwops.read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(|e| AssetError::Io(io::Error::other(e)))?;
+
+        Ok(Cow::Owned(buf))
    }
 }
-
-pub use imp::get_asset_bytes;
--- a/src/audio.rs
+++ b/src/audio.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,53 @@
 //! This module handles the audio playback for the game.
-use crate::asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::asset::Asset;
 use sdl2::{
-    mixer::{self, Chunk, InitFlag, LoaderRWops, DEFAULT_FORMAT},
+    mixer::{self, Chunk, InitFlag, LoaderRWops, AUDIO_S16LSB, DEFAULT_CHANNELS},
    rwops::RWops,
 };
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;

-const SOUND_ASSETS: [Asset; 4] = [Asset::Wav1, Asset::Wav2, Asset::Wav3, Asset::Wav4];
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Sound {
+    Waka(u8),
+    PacmanDeath,
+    ExtraLife,
+    Fruit,
+    Ghost,
+    Beginning,
+    Intermission,
+}
+
+impl IntoEnumIterator for Sound {
+    type Iterator = std::vec::IntoIter<Sound>;
+
+    fn iter() -> Self::Iterator {
+        vec![
+            Sound::Waka(0),
+            Sound::Waka(1),
+            Sound::Waka(2),
+            Sound::Waka(3),
+            Sound::PacmanDeath,
+            Sound::ExtraLife,
+            Sound::Fruit,
+            Sound::Ghost,
+            Sound::Beginning,
+            Sound::Intermission,
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+    }
+}

 /// The audio system for the game.
 ///
 /// This struct is responsible for initializing the audio device, loading sounds,
 /// and playing them. If audio fails to initialize, it will be disabled and all
 /// functions will silently do nothing.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub struct Audio {
    _mixer_context: Option<mixer::Sdl2MixerContext>,
-    sounds: Vec<Chunk>,
-    next_sound_index: usize,
+    sounds: HashMap<Sound, Chunk>,
+    next_waka_index: u8,
    muted: bool,
    disabled: bool,
 }
@@ -33,24 +64,36 @@ impl Audio {
    /// If audio fails to initialize, the audio system will be disabled and
    /// all functions will silently do nothing.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        let frequency = 44100;
-        let format = DEFAULT_FORMAT;
-        let channels = 4;
-        let chunk_size = 256; // 256 is minimum for emscripten
+        let frequency = 16_000;
+        let format = AUDIO_S16LSB;
+        let chunk_size = {
+            // 256 is the minimum for Emscripten, but in practice 1024 is much more reliable
+            #[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
+            {
+                1024
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise, 256 is plenty safe.
+            #[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+            {
+                256
+            }
+        };

        // Try to open audio, but don't panic if it fails
-        if let Err(e) = mixer::open_audio(frequency, format, 1, chunk_size) {
+        if let Err(e) = mixer::open_audio(frequency, format, DEFAULT_CHANNELS, chunk_size) {
            tracing::warn!("Failed to open audio: {}. Audio will be disabled.", e);
            return Self {
                _mixer_context: None,
-                sounds: Vec::new(),
-                next_sound_index: 0,
+                sounds: HashMap::new(),
+                next_waka_index: 0u8,
                muted: false,
                disabled: true,
            };
        }

-        mixer::allocate_channels(channels);
+        let channels = 4;
+        mixer::allocate_channels(4);

        // set channel volume
        for i in 0..channels {
@@ -64,8 +107,8 @@ impl Audio {
                tracing::warn!("Failed to initialize SDL2_mixer: {}. Audio will be disabled.", e);
                return Self {
                    _mixer_context: None,
-                    sounds: Vec::new(),
-                    next_sound_index: 0,
+                    sounds: HashMap::new(),
+                    next_waka_index: 0u8,
                    muted: false,
                    disabled: true,
                };
@@ -73,12 +116,15 @@ impl Audio {
        };

        // Try to load sounds, but don't panic if any fail
-        let mut sounds = Vec::new();
-        for (i, asset) in SOUND_ASSETS.iter().enumerate() {
-            match get_asset_bytes(*asset) {
+        let mut sounds = HashMap::new();
+        for (i, sound_type) in Sound::iter().enumerate() {
+            let asset = Asset::SoundFile(sound_type);
+            match asset.get_bytes() {
                Ok(data) => match RWops::from_bytes(&data) {
                    Ok(rwops) => match rwops.load_wav() {
-                        Ok(chunk) => sounds.push(chunk),
+                        Ok(chunk) => {
+                            sounds.insert(sound_type, chunk);
+                        }
                        Err(e) => {
                            tracing::warn!("Failed to load sound {} from asset API: {}", i + 1, e);
                        }
@@ -93,13 +139,33 @@ impl Audio {
            }
        }

+        let death_sound = match Asset::SoundFile(Sound::PacmanDeath).get_bytes() {
+            Ok(data) => match RWops::from_bytes(&data) {
+                Ok(rwops) => match rwops.load_wav() {
+                    Ok(chunk) => Some(chunk),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        tracing::warn!("Failed to load death sound from asset API: {}", e);
+                        None
+                    }
+                },
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::warn!("Failed to create RWops for death sound: {}", e);
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::warn!("Failed to load death sound asset: {}", e);
+                None
+            }
+        };
+
        // If no sounds loaded successfully, disable audio
-        if sounds.is_empty() {
+        if sounds.is_empty() && death_sound.is_none() {
            tracing::warn!("No sounds loaded successfully. Audio will be disabled.");
            return Self {
                _mixer_context: Some(mixer_context),
-                sounds: Vec::new(),
-                next_sound_index: 0,
+                sounds: HashMap::new(),
+                next_waka_index: 0u8,
                muted: false,
                disabled: true,
            };
@@ -108,7 +174,7 @@ impl Audio {
        Audio {
            _mixer_context: Some(mixer_context),
            sounds,
-            next_sound_index: 0,
+            next_waka_index: 0u8,
            muted: false,
            disabled: false,
        }
@@ -119,23 +185,54 @@ impl Audio {
    /// Automatically rotates through the four eating sound assets. The sound plays on channel 0 and the internal sound index
    /// advances to the next variant. Silently returns if audio is disabled, muted,
    /// or no sounds were loaded successfully.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn eat(&mut self) {
+    pub fn waka(&mut self) {
        if self.disabled || self.muted || self.sounds.is_empty() {
            return;
        }

-        if let Some(chunk) = self.sounds.get(self.next_sound_index) {
-            match mixer::Channel(0).play(chunk, 0) {
+        if let Some(chunk) = self.sounds.get(&Sound::Waka(self.next_waka_index)) {
+            match mixer::Channel::all().play(chunk, 0) {
                Ok(channel) => {
-                    tracing::trace!("Playing sound #{} on channel {:?}", self.next_sound_index + 1, channel);
+                    tracing::trace!("Playing sound #{} on channel {:?}", self.next_waka_index + 1, channel);
                }
                Err(e) => {
-                    tracing::warn!("Could not play sound #{}: {}", self.next_sound_index + 1, e);
+                    tracing::warn!("Could not play sound #{}: {}", self.next_waka_index + 1, e);
                }
            }
        }
-        self.next_sound_index = (self.next_sound_index + 1) % self.sounds.len();
+        self.next_waka_index = (self.next_waka_index + 1) & 3;
+    }
+
+    /// Plays the provided sound effect once.
+    pub fn play(&mut self, sound: Sound) {
+        if self.disabled || self.muted {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(chunk) = self.sounds.get(&sound) {
+            let _ = mixer::Channel::all().play(chunk, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Halts all currently playing audio channels.
+    pub fn stop_all(&mut self) {
+        if !self.disabled {
+            mixer::Channel::all().halt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Pauses all currently playing audio channels.
+    pub fn pause_all(&mut self) {
+        if !self.disabled {
+            mixer::Channel::all().pause();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Resumes all currently playing audio channels.
+    pub fn resume_all(&mut self) {
+        if !self.disabled {
+            mixer::Channel::all().resume();
+        }
    }

    /// Instantly mutes or unmutes all audio channels by adjusting their volume.
@@ -168,7 +265,6 @@ impl Audio {
    /// Audio can be disabled due to SDL2_mixer initialization failures, missing
    /// audio device, or failure to load any sound assets. When disabled, all
    /// audio operations become no-ops.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn is_disabled(&self) -> bool {
        self.disabled
    }
--- a/src/bin/aspect_demo.rs
+++ b/src/bin/aspect_demo.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, feature(coverage_attribute))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use sdl2::event::Event;
+use sdl2::keyboard::Keycode;
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::rect::Rect;
+
+// A self-contained SDL2 demo showing how to keep a consistent aspect ratio
+// with letterboxing/pillarboxing in a resizable window.
+//
+// This uses SDL2's logical size feature, which automatically sets a viewport
+// to preserve the target aspect ratio and adds black bars as needed.
+// We also clear the full window to black and then clear the logical viewport
+// to a content color, so bars remain visibly black.
+
+const LOGICAL_WIDTH: u32 = 320; // target content width
+const LOGICAL_HEIGHT: u32 = 180; // target content height (16:9)
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Initialize SDL2
+    let sdl = sdl2::init()?;
+    let video = sdl.video()?;
+
+    // Create a resizable window
+    let window = video
+        .window("SDL2 Aspect Ratio Demo", 960, 540)
+        .resizable()
+        .position_centered()
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    let mut canvas = window.into_canvas().build().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    // Set the desired logical (virtual) resolution. SDL will letterbox/pillarbox
+    // as needed to preserve this aspect ratio when the window is resized.
+    canvas
+        .set_logical_size(LOGICAL_WIDTH, LOGICAL_HEIGHT)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    // Optional: uncomment to enforce integer scaling only (more retro look)
+    // canvas.set_integer_scale(true)?;
+
+    let mut events = sdl.event_pump()?;
+
+    let mut running = true;
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut last_log = Instant::now();
+
+    while running {
+        for event in events.poll_iter() {
+            match event {
+                Event::Quit { .. }
+                | Event::KeyDown {
+                    keycode: Some(Keycode::Escape),
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    running = false;
+                }
+                Event::Window { win_event, .. } => {
+                    // Periodically log window size and the computed viewport
+                    // to demonstrate how letterboxing/pillarboxing behaves.
+                    use sdl2::event::WindowEvent;
+                    match win_event {
+                        WindowEvent::Resized(_, _)
+                        | WindowEvent::SizeChanged(_, _)
+                        | WindowEvent::Maximized
+                        | WindowEvent::Restored => {
+                            if last_log.elapsed() > Duration::from_millis(250) {
+                                let out_size = canvas.output_size()?;
+                                let viewport = canvas.viewport();
+                                println!(
+                                    "window={}x{}, viewport x={}, y={}, w={}, h={}",
+                                    out_size.0,
+                                    out_size.1,
+                                    viewport.x(),
+                                    viewport.y(),
+                                    viewport.width(),
+                                    viewport.height()
+                                );
+                                last_log = Instant::now();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 1) Clear the entire window to black (no viewport) so the bars are black
+        canvas.set_viewport(None);
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(0, 0, 0));
+        canvas.clear();
+
+        // 2) Re-apply logical size so SDL sets a viewport that preserves aspect
+        //    ratio. Clearing now only affects the letterboxed content area.
+        canvas
+            .set_logical_size(LOGICAL_WIDTH, LOGICAL_HEIGHT)
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+        // Fill the content area with a background color to differentiate from bars
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(30, 30, 40));
+        canvas.clear();
+
+        // Draw a simple grid to visualize scaling clearly
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(60, 60, 90));
+        let step = 20i32;
+        for x in (0..=LOGICAL_WIDTH as i32).step_by(step as usize) {
+            let _ = canvas.draw_line(sdl2::rect::Point::new(x, 0), sdl2::rect::Point::new(x, LOGICAL_HEIGHT as i32));
+        }
+        for y in (0..=LOGICAL_HEIGHT as i32).step_by(step as usize) {
+            let _ = canvas.draw_line(sdl2::rect::Point::new(0, y), sdl2::rect::Point::new(LOGICAL_WIDTH as i32, y));
+        }
+
+        // Draw a border around the logical content area
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(200, 200, 220));
+        let border = Rect::new(0, 0, LOGICAL_WIDTH, LOGICAL_HEIGHT);
+        canvas.draw_rect(border)?;
+
+        // Draw a moving box to demonstrate dynamic content staying within aspect
+        let elapsed_ms = start.elapsed().as_millis() as i32;
+        let t = (elapsed_ms / 8) % LOGICAL_WIDTH as i32;
+        let box_rect = Rect::new(t - 10, (LOGICAL_HEIGHT as i32 / 2) - 10, 20, 20);
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(255, 140, 0));
+        canvas.fill_rect(box_rect).ok();
+
+        canvas.present();
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/src/bin/timing_demo.rs
+++ b/src/bin/timing_demo.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, feature(coverage_attribute))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+
+use circular_buffer::CircularBuffer;
+use pacman::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
+use sdl2::event::Event;
+use sdl2::keyboard::Keycode;
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
+    let sdl_context = sdl2::init()?;
+    let video_subsystem = sdl_context.video()?;
+
+    let window = video_subsystem
+        .window("SDL2 Timing Demo", CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
+        .opengl()
+        .position_centered()
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    let mut canvas = window.into_canvas().accelerated().build().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    canvas
+        .set_logical_size(CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    let mut event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump()?;
+
+    // Store frame timings in milliseconds
+    let mut frame_timings = CircularBuffer::<20_000, f64>::new();
+    let mut last_report_time = Instant::now();
+    let report_interval = Duration::from_millis(500);
+
+    'running: loop {
+        let frame_start_time = Instant::now();
+
+        for event in event_pump.poll_iter() {
+            match event {
+                Event::Quit { .. }
+                | Event::KeyDown {
+                    keycode: Some(Keycode::Escape),
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    break 'running;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clear the screen
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(0, 0, 0));
+        canvas.clear();
+        canvas.present();
+
+        // Record timing
+        let frame_duration = frame_start_time.elapsed();
+        frame_timings.push_back(frame_duration.as_secs_f64());
+
+        // Report stats every `report_interval`
+        let elapsed = last_report_time.elapsed();
+        if elapsed >= report_interval {
+            if !frame_timings.is_empty() {
+                let count = frame_timings.len() as f64;
+                let sum: f64 = frame_timings.iter().sum();
+                let mean = sum / count;
+
+                let variance = frame_timings
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|value| {
+                        let diff = mean - value;
+                        diff * diff
+                    })
+                    .sum::<f64>()
+                    / count;
+                let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
+
+                println!(
+                    "Rendered {count} frames at {fps:.1} fps (last {elapsed:.2?}): mean={mean:.3?}, std_dev={std_dev:.3?}",
+                    count = frame_timings.len(),
+                    fps = count / elapsed.as_secs_f64(),
+                    elapsed = elapsed,
+                    mean = Duration::from_secs_f64(mean),
+                    std_dev = Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev),
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Reset for next interval
+            frame_timings.clear();
+            last_report_time = Instant::now();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/src/constants.rs
+++ b/src/constants.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use glam::UVec2;
 ///
 /// Calculated as 1/60th of a second (≈16.67ms).
 ///
-/// Written out explicitly to satisfy const-eval constraints.
-pub const LOOP_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_nanos((1_000_000_000.0 / 60.0) as u64);
+/// Uses integer arithmetic to avoid floating-point precision loss.
+pub const LOOP_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_nanos(1_000_000_000 / 60);

 /// The size of each cell, in pixels.
 pub const CELL_SIZE: u32 = 8;
@@ -25,17 +25,74 @@ pub const SCALE: f32 = 2.6;
 /// screen for score display, player lives, and other UI elements.
 pub const BOARD_CELL_OFFSET: UVec2 = UVec2::new(0, 3);

+/// Bottom HUD row offset to reserve space below the game board.
+///
+/// The 2-cell vertical offset (16 pixels) provides space at the bottom of the
+/// screen for displaying Pac-Man's lives (left) and fruit symbols (right).
+pub const BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET: UVec2 = UVec2::new(0, 2);
+
 /// Pixel-space equivalent of `BOARD_CELL_OFFSET` for rendering calculations.
 ///
 /// Automatically calculated from the cell offset to maintain consistency
 /// when the cell size changes. Used for positioning sprites and debug overlays.
 pub const BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET: UVec2 = UVec2::new(BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.x * CELL_SIZE, BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.y * CELL_SIZE);
+
+/// Pixel-space equivalent of `BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET` for rendering calculations.
+///
+/// Automatically calculated from the cell offset to maintain consistency
+/// when the cell size changes. Used for positioning bottom HUD elements.
+pub const BOARD_BOTTOM_PIXEL_OFFSET: UVec2 =
+    UVec2::new(BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET.x * CELL_SIZE, BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET.y * CELL_SIZE);
+
+/// Animation timing constants for ghost state management
+pub mod animation {
+    /// Normal ghost movement animation speed (ticks per frame at 60 ticks/sec)
+    pub const GHOST_NORMAL_SPEED: u16 = 12;
+    /// Eaten ghost (eyes) animation speed (ticks per frame at 60 ticks/sec)
+    pub const GHOST_EATEN_SPEED: u16 = 6;
+    /// Frightened ghost animation speed (ticks per frame at 60 ticks/sec)
+    pub const GHOST_FRIGHTENED_SPEED: u16 = 12;
+    /// Time in ticks for frightened ghosts to return to normal
+    pub const GHOST_FRIGHTENED_TICKS: u32 = 300;
+    /// Time in ticks when frightened ghosts start flashing
+    pub const GHOST_FRIGHTENED_FLASH_START_TICKS: u32 = GHOST_FRIGHTENED_TICKS - 120;
+}
+
 /// The size of the canvas, in pixels.
 pub const CANVAS_SIZE: UVec2 = UVec2::new(
-    (BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.x) * CELL_SIZE,
-    (BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.y) * CELL_SIZE,
+    (BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.x + BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET.x) * CELL_SIZE,
+    (BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.y + BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET.y) * CELL_SIZE,
 );

+pub const LARGE_SCALE: f32 = 2.6;
+
+pub const LARGE_CANVAS_SIZE: UVec2 = UVec2::new(
+    (((BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.x + BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET.x) * CELL_SIZE) as f32 * LARGE_SCALE) as u32,
+    (((BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.y + BOARD_BOTTOM_CELL_OFFSET.y) * CELL_SIZE) as f32 * LARGE_SCALE) as u32,
+);
+
+/// Collider size constants for different entity types
+pub mod collider {
+    use super::CELL_SIZE;
+
+    /// Collider size for player and ghosts (1.375x cell size)
+    pub const PLAYER_GHOST_SIZE: f32 = CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.375;
+    /// Collider size for pellets (0.4x cell size)
+    pub const PELLET_SIZE: f32 = CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4;
+    /// Collider size for power pellets/energizers (0.95x cell size)
+    pub const POWER_PELLET_SIZE: f32 = CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95;
+    /// Collider size for fruits (0.8x cell size)
+    pub const FRUIT_SIZE: f32 = CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.375;
+}
+
+/// UI and rendering constants
+pub mod ui {
+    /// Debug font size in points
+    pub const DEBUG_FONT_SIZE: u16 = 12;
+    /// Power pellet blink rate in ticks (at 60 FPS, 12 ticks = 0.2 seconds)
+    pub const POWER_PELLET_BLINK_RATE: u32 = 12;
+}
+
 /// Map tile types that define gameplay behavior and collision properties.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub enum MapTile {
@@ -87,3 +144,15 @@ pub const RAW_BOARD: [&str; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize] = [
    "#..........................#",
    "############################",
 ];
+
+/// Game initialization constants
+pub mod startup {
+    /// Number of frames for the startup sequence (3 seconds at 60 FPS)
+    pub const STARTUP_FRAMES: u32 = 60 * 3;
+}
+
+/// Game mechanics constants
+pub mod mechanics {
+    /// Player movement speed multiplier
+    pub const PLAYER_SPEED: f32 = 1.15;
+}
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -37,9 +37,6 @@ pub enum GameError {
    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
    Io(#[from] io::Error),

-    #[error("Serialization error: {0}")]
-    Serialization(#[from] serde_json::Error),
-
    #[error("Invalid state: {0}")]
    InvalidState(String),
 }
@@ -49,19 +46,16 @@ pub enum AssetError {
    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
    Io(#[from] io::Error),

-    #[allow(dead_code)]
    #[error("Asset not found: {0}")]
    NotFound(String),
 }

 /// Platform-specific errors.
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub enum PlatformError {
    #[error("Console initialization failed: {0}")]
+    #[cfg(any(windows, target_os = "emscripten"))]
    ConsoleInit(String),
-    #[error("Platform-specific error: {0}")]
-    Other(String),
 }

 /// Error type for map parsing operations.
@@ -78,9 +72,6 @@ pub enum ParseError {
 /// Errors related to texture operations.
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum TextureError {
-    #[error("Animated texture error: {0}")]
-    Animated(#[from] AnimatedTextureError),
-
    #[error("Failed to load texture: {0}")]
    LoadFailed(String),

@@ -94,12 +85,6 @@ pub enum TextureError {
    RenderFailed(String),
 }

-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum AnimatedTextureError {
-    #[error("Frame duration must be positive, got {0}")]
-    InvalidFrameDuration(f32),
-}
-
 /// Errors related to entity operations.
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum EntityError {
@@ -122,55 +107,3 @@ pub enum MapError {

 /// Result type for game operations.
 pub type GameResult<T> = Result<T, GameError>;
-
-/// Helper trait for converting other error types to GameError.
-pub trait IntoGameError<T> {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn into_game_error(self) -> GameResult<T>;
-}
-
-impl<T, E> IntoGameError<T> for Result<T, E>
-where
-    E: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    fn into_game_error(self) -> GameResult<T> {
-        self.map_err(|e| GameError::InvalidState(e.to_string()))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Helper trait for converting Option to GameResult with a custom error.
-pub trait OptionExt<T> {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn ok_or_game_error<F>(self, f: F) -> GameResult<T>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce() -> GameError;
-}
-
-impl<T> OptionExt<T> for Option<T> {
-    fn ok_or_game_error<F>(self, f: F) -> GameResult<T>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce() -> GameError,
-    {
-        self.ok_or_else(f)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Helper trait for converting Result to GameResult with context.
-pub trait ResultExt<T, E> {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn with_context<F>(self, f: F) -> GameResult<T>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(&E) -> GameError;
-}
-
-impl<T, E> ResultExt<T, E> for Result<T, E>
-where
-    E: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static,
-{
-    fn with_context<F>(self, f: F) -> GameResult<T>
-    where
-        F: FnOnce(&E) -> GameError,
-    {
-        self.map_err(|e| f(&e))
-    }
-}
--- a/src/events.rs
+++ b/src/events.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Event};

-use crate::map::direction::Direction;
+use crate::{map::direction::Direction, systems::Ghost};

 /// Player input commands that trigger specific game actions.
 ///
@@ -19,20 +19,20 @@ pub enum GameCommand {
    /// Restart the current level with fresh entity positions and items
    ResetLevel,
    /// Pause or resume game ticking logic
+    /// TODO: Display pause state, fix debug rendering pause distress
    TogglePause,
+    /// Toggle fullscreen mode (desktop only)
+    ToggleFullscreen,
 }

 /// Global events that flow through the ECS event system to coordinate game behavior.
 ///
-/// Events enable loose coupling between systems - input generates commands, collision
-/// detection reports overlaps, and various systems respond appropriately without
-/// direct dependencies.
+/// Events enable loose coupling between systems - input generates commands and
+/// various systems respond appropriately without direct dependencies.
 #[derive(Event, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum GameEvent {
    /// Player input command to be processed by relevant game systems
    Command(GameCommand),
-    /// Physical overlap detected between two entities requiring gameplay response
-    Collision(Entity, Entity),
 }

 impl From<GameCommand> for GameEvent {
@@ -40,3 +40,22 @@ impl From<GameCommand> for GameEvent {
        GameEvent::Command(command)
    }
 }
+
+/// Data for requesting stage transitions; processed centrally in stage_system
+#[derive(Event, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum StageTransition {
+    GhostEatenPause { ghost_entity: Entity, ghost_type: Ghost },
+}
+
+/// Collision triggers for immediate collision handling via observers
+#[derive(Event, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CollisionTrigger {
+    /// Pac-Man collided with a ghost
+    GhostCollision {
+        pacman: Entity,
+        ghost: Entity,
+        ghost_type: Ghost,
+    },
+    /// Pac-Man collided with an item
+    ItemCollision { item: Entity },
+}
--- a/src/formatter.rs
+++ b/src/formatter.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+//! Custom tracing formatter with tick counter integration
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use time::macros::format_description;
+use time::{format_description::FormatItem, OffsetDateTime};
+use tracing::{Event, Level, Subscriber};
+use tracing_subscriber::fmt::format::Writer;
+use tracing_subscriber::fmt::{FmtContext, FormatEvent, FormatFields, FormattedFields};
+use tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan;
+
+/// Global atomic counter for tracking game ticks
+static TICK_COUNTER: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+
+/// Maximum value for tick counter display (16-bit hex)
+const TICK_DISPLAY_MASK: u64 = 0xFFFF;
+
+/// Cached format description for timestamps
+/// Uses 3 subsecond digits on Emscripten, 5 otherwise for better performance
+#[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
+const TIMESTAMP_FORMAT: &[FormatItem<'static>] = format_description!("[hour]:[minute]:[second].[subsecond digits:3]");
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+const TIMESTAMP_FORMAT: &[FormatItem<'static>] = format_description!("[hour]:[minute]:[second].[subsecond digits:5]");
+
+/// A custom formatter that includes both timestamp and tick counter in hexadecimal
+///
+/// Re-implementation of the Full formatter to add a tick counter and timestamp.
+pub struct CustomFormatter;
+
+impl<S, N> FormatEvent<S, N> for CustomFormatter
+where
+    S: Subscriber + for<'a> LookupSpan<'a>,
+    N: for<'a> FormatFields<'a> + 'static,
+{
+    fn format_event(&self, ctx: &FmtContext<'_, S, N>, mut writer: Writer<'_>, event: &Event<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let meta = event.metadata();
+
+        // 1) Timestamp (dimmed when ANSI)
+        let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
+        let formatted_time = now.format(&TIMESTAMP_FORMAT).map_err(|e| {
+            eprintln!("Failed to format timestamp: {}", e);
+            fmt::Error
+        })?;
+        write_dimmed(&mut writer, formatted_time)?;
+        writer.write_char(' ')?;
+
+        // 2) Tick counter, dim when ANSI
+        let tick_count = get_tick_count() & TICK_DISPLAY_MASK;
+        if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+            write!(writer, "\x1b[2m0x{:04X}\x1b[0m ", tick_count)?;
+        } else {
+            write!(writer, "0x{:04X} ", tick_count)?;
+        }
+
+        // 3) Colored 5-char level like Full
+        write_colored_level(&mut writer, meta.level())?;
+        writer.write_char(' ')?;
+
+        // 4) Span scope chain (bold names, fields in braces, dimmed ':')
+        if let Some(scope) = ctx.event_scope() {
+            let mut saw_any = false;
+            for span in scope.from_root() {
+                write_bold(&mut writer, span.metadata().name())?;
+                saw_any = true;
+                let ext = span.extensions();
+                if let Some(fields) = &ext.get::<FormattedFields<N>>() {
+                    if !fields.is_empty() {
+                        write_bold(&mut writer, "{")?;
+                        write!(writer, "{}", fields)?;
+                        write_bold(&mut writer, "}")?;
+                    }
+                }
+                if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+                    write!(writer, "\x1b[2m:\x1b[0m")?;
+                } else {
+                    writer.write_char(':')?;
+                }
+            }
+            if saw_any {
+                writer.write_char(' ')?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 5) Target (dimmed), then a space
+        if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+            write!(writer, "\x1b[2m{}\x1b[0m\x1b[2m:\x1b[0m ", meta.target())?;
+        } else {
+            write!(writer, "{}: ", meta.target())?;
+        }
+
+        // 6) Event fields
+        ctx.format_fields(writer.by_ref(), event)?;
+
+        // 7) Newline
+        writeln!(writer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Write the verbosity level with the same coloring/alignment as the Full formatter.
+fn write_colored_level(writer: &mut Writer<'_>, level: &Level) -> fmt::Result {
+    if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+        // Basic ANSI color sequences; reset with \x1b[0m
+        let (color, text) = match *level {
+            Level::TRACE => ("\x1b[35m", "TRACE"), // purple
+            Level::DEBUG => ("\x1b[34m", "DEBUG"), // blue
+            Level::INFO => ("\x1b[32m", " INFO"),  // green, note leading space
+            Level::WARN => ("\x1b[33m", " WARN"),  // yellow, note leading space
+            Level::ERROR => ("\x1b[31m", "ERROR"), // red
+        };
+        write!(writer, "{}{}\x1b[0m", color, text)
+    } else {
+        // Right-pad to width 5 like Full's non-ANSI mode
+        match *level {
+            Level::TRACE => write!(writer, "{:>5}", "TRACE"),
+            Level::DEBUG => write!(writer, "{:>5}", "DEBUG"),
+            Level::INFO => write!(writer, "{:>5}", " INFO"),
+            Level::WARN => write!(writer, "{:>5}", " WARN"),
+            Level::ERROR => write!(writer, "{:>5}", "ERROR"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_dimmed(writer: &mut Writer<'_>, s: impl fmt::Display) -> fmt::Result {
+    if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+        write!(writer, "\x1b[2m{}\x1b[0m", s)
+    } else {
+        write!(writer, "{}", s)
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_bold(writer: &mut Writer<'_>, s: impl fmt::Display) -> fmt::Result {
+    if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+        write!(writer, "\x1b[1m{}\x1b[0m", s)
+    } else {
+        write!(writer, "{}", s)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Increment the global tick counter by 1
+///
+/// This should be called once per game tick/frame from the main game loop
+pub fn increment_tick() {
+    TICK_COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+}
+
+/// Get the current tick count
+///
+/// Returns the current value of the global tick counter
+pub fn get_tick_count() -> u64 {
+    TICK_COUNTER.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+}
--- a/src/game.rs
+++ b/src/game.rs
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 //! Pac-Man game library crate.
+#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, feature(coverage_attribute))]

+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 pub mod app;
-pub mod asset;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 pub mod audio;
-pub mod constants;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 pub mod error;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 pub mod events;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+pub mod formatter;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+pub mod platform;
+
+pub mod asset;
+pub mod constants;
 pub mod game;
 pub mod map;
-pub mod platform;
 pub mod systems;
 pub mod texture;
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,31 @@
-#![windows_subsystem = "windows"]
+#![cfg_attr(all(not(use_console), target_os = "windows"), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+#![cfg_attr(all(use_console, target_os = "windows"), windows_subsystem = "console")]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, feature(coverage_attribute))]
+#![cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+
+use std::env;

 use crate::{app::App, constants::LOOP_TIME};
 use tracing::info;
-use tracing_error::ErrorLayer;
-use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;

+// These modules are excluded from coverage.
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 mod app;
-mod asset;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 mod audio;
-mod constants;
-
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 mod error;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 mod events;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+mod formatter;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+mod platform;
+
+mod asset;
+mod constants;
 mod game;
 mod map;
-mod platform;
 mod systems;
 mod texture;

@@ -23,18 +34,16 @@ mod texture;
 /// This function initializes SDL, the window, the game state, and then enters
 /// the main game loop.
 pub fn main() {
-    // Setup tracing
-    let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
-        .with_ansi(cfg!(not(target_os = "emscripten")))
-        .with_max_level(tracing::Level::DEBUG)
-        .finish()
-        .with(ErrorLayer::default());
+    // Parse command line arguments
+    let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
+    let force_console = args.iter().any(|arg| arg == "--console" || arg == "-c");

-    tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber).expect("Could not set global default");
+    // On Emscripten, this connects the subscriber to the browser console
+    platform::init_console(force_console).expect("Could not initialize console");

    let mut app = App::new().expect("Could not create app");

-    info!("Starting game loop ({:?})", LOOP_TIME);
+    info!(loop_time = ?LOOP_TIME, "Starting game loop");

    loop {
        if !app.run() {
--- a/src/map/builder.rs
+++ b/src/map/builder.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE};
 use crate::map::direction::Direction;
 use crate::map::graph::{Graph, Node, TraversalFlags};
 use crate::map::parser::MapTileParser;
-use crate::systems::movement::NodeId;
+use crate::systems::{NodeId, Position};
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
-use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
+use glam::{I8Vec2, IVec2, Vec2};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use tracing::debug;

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ pub struct NodePositions {
    pub inky: NodeId,
    /// Clyde starts in the center of the ghost house
    pub clyde: NodeId,
+    /// Fruit spawn location directly below the ghost house
+    pub fruit_spawn: Position,
 }

 /// Complete maze representation combining visual layout with navigation pathfinding.
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ pub struct Map {
    /// Connected graph of navigable positions.
    pub graph: Graph,
    /// Bidirectional mapping between 2D grid coordinates and graph node indices.
-    pub grid_to_node: HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
+    pub grid_to_node: HashMap<I8Vec2, NodeId>,
    /// Predetermined spawn locations for all game entities
    pub start_positions: NodePositions,
    /// 2D array of tile types for collision detection and rendering
@@ -56,11 +58,17 @@ impl Map {
    /// This function will panic if the board layout contains unknown characters or if
    /// the house door is not defined by exactly two '=' characters.
    pub fn new(raw_board: [&str; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]) -> GameResult<Map> {
+        debug!("Starting map construction from character layout");
        let parsed_map = MapTileParser::parse_board(raw_board)?;

        let map = parsed_map.tiles;
        let house_door = parsed_map.house_door;
        let tunnel_ends = parsed_map.tunnel_ends;
+        debug!(
+            house_door_count = house_door.len(),
+            tunnel_ends_count = tunnel_ends.len(),
+            "Parsed map special locations"
+        );

        let mut graph = Graph::new();
        let mut grid_to_node = HashMap::new();
@@ -76,8 +84,8 @@ impl Map {
        let mut queue = VecDeque::new();
        queue.push_back(start_pos);
        let pos = Vec2::new(
-            (start_pos.x * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
-            (start_pos.y * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+            (start_pos.x as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+            (start_pos.y as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
        ) + cell_offset;
        let node_id = graph.add_node(Node { position: pos });
        grid_to_node.insert(start_pos, node_id);
@@ -89,9 +97,9 @@ impl Map {

                // Skip if the new position is out of bounds
                if new_position.x < 0
-                    || new_position.x >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as i32
+                    || new_position.x as i32 >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as i32
                    || new_position.y < 0
-                    || new_position.y >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as i32
+                    || new_position.y as i32 >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as i32
                {
                    continue;
                }
@@ -108,8 +116,8 @@ impl Map {
                ) {
                    // Add the new position to the graph/queue
                    let pos = Vec2::new(
-                        (new_position.x * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
-                        (new_position.y * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+                        (new_position.x as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+                        (new_position.y as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
                    ) + cell_offset;
                    let new_node_id = graph.add_node(Node { position: pos });
                    grid_to_node.insert(new_position, new_node_id);
@@ -132,7 +140,7 @@ impl Map {
        for (grid_pos, &node_id) in &grid_to_node {
            for dir in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
                // If the node doesn't have an edge in this direction, look for a neighbor in that direction
-                if graph.adjacency_list[node_id].get(dir).is_none() {
+                if graph.adjacency_list[node_id as usize].get(dir).is_none() {
                    let neighbor = grid_pos + dir.as_ivec2();
                    // If the neighbor exists, connect the node to it
                    if let Some(&neighbor_id) = grid_to_node.get(&neighbor) {
@@ -148,17 +156,39 @@ impl Map {
        let (house_entrance_node_id, left_center_node_id, center_center_node_id, right_center_node_id) =
            Self::build_house(&mut graph, &grid_to_node, &house_door)?;

+        // Find fruit spawn location (directly below ghost house)
+        let left_node_position = I8Vec2::new(13, 17);
+        let left_node_id = grid_to_node.get(&left_node_position).unwrap();
+        let right_node_position = I8Vec2::new(14, 17);
+        let right_node_id = grid_to_node.get(&right_node_position).unwrap();
+
+        let distance = graph
+            .get_node(*right_node_id)
+            .unwrap()
+            .position
+            .distance(graph.get_node(*left_node_id).unwrap().position);
+
+        // interpolate between the two nodes
+        let fruit_spawn_position: Position = Position::Moving {
+            from: *left_node_id,
+            to: *right_node_id,
+            remaining_distance: distance / 2.0,
+        };
+
        let start_positions = NodePositions {
            pacman: grid_to_node[&start_pos],
            blinky: house_entrance_node_id,
            pinky: left_center_node_id,
            inky: right_center_node_id,
            clyde: center_center_node_id,
+            fruit_spawn: fruit_spawn_position,
        };

        // Build tunnel connections
+        debug!("Building tunnel connections");
        Self::build_tunnels(&mut graph, &grid_to_node, &tunnel_ends)?;

+        debug!(node_count = graph.nodes().count(), "Map construction completed successfully");
        Ok(Map {
            graph,
            grid_to_node,
@@ -199,9 +229,9 @@ impl Map {
    /// representing the four key positions within the ghost house structure.
    fn build_house(
        graph: &mut Graph,
-        grid_to_node: &HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
-        house_door: &[Option<IVec2>; 2],
-    ) -> GameResult<(usize, usize, usize, usize)> {
+        grid_to_node: &HashMap<I8Vec2, NodeId>,
+        house_door: &[Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
+    ) -> GameResult<(NodeId, NodeId, NodeId, NodeId)> {
        // Calculate the position of the house entrance node
        let (house_entrance_node_id, house_entrance_node_position) = {
            // Translate the grid positions to the actual node ids
@@ -222,10 +252,13 @@ impl Map {

            // Calculate the position of the house node
            let (node_id, node_position) = {
-                let left_pos = graph.get_node(*left_node).ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*left_node))?.position;
+                let left_pos = graph
+                    .get_node(*left_node)
+                    .ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*left_node as usize))?
+                    .position;
                let right_pos = graph
                    .get_node(*right_node)
-                    .ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*right_node))?
+                    .ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*right_node as usize))?
                    .position;
                let house_node = graph.add_node(Node {
                    position: left_pos.lerp(right_pos, 0.5),
@@ -249,10 +282,10 @@ impl Map {
            // Place the nodes at, above, and below the center position
            let center_node_id = graph.add_node(Node { position: center_pos });
            let top_node_id = graph.add_node(Node {
-                position: center_pos + (Direction::Up.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 / 2)).as_vec2(),
+                position: center_pos + IVec2::from(Direction::Up.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 / 2.0),
            });
            let bottom_node_id = graph.add_node(Node {
-                position: center_pos + (Direction::Down.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 / 2)).as_vec2(),
+                position: center_pos + IVec2::from(Direction::Down.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 / 2.0),
            });

            // Connect the center node to the top and bottom nodes
@@ -268,7 +301,7 @@ impl Map {

        // Calculate the position of the center line's center node
        let center_line_center_position =
-            house_entrance_node_position + (Direction::Down.as_ivec2() * (3 * CELL_SIZE as i32)).as_vec2();
+            house_entrance_node_position + IVec2::from(Direction::Down.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (3.0 * CELL_SIZE as f32);

        // Create the center line
        let (center_center_node_id, center_top_node_id) = create_house_line(graph, center_line_center_position)?;
@@ -300,13 +333,13 @@ impl Map {
        // Create the left line
        let (left_center_node_id, _) = create_house_line(
            graph,
-            center_line_center_position + (Direction::Left.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+            center_line_center_position + IVec2::from(Direction::Left.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
        )?;

        // Create the right line
        let (right_center_node_id, _) = create_house_line(
            graph,
-            center_line_center_position + (Direction::Right.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+            center_line_center_position + IVec2::from(Direction::Right.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
        )?;

        debug!("Left center node id: {left_center_node_id}");
@@ -336,8 +369,8 @@ impl Map {
    /// Creates hidden intermediate nodes beyond the visible tunnel entrances and connects them with zero-distance edges for instantaneous traversal.
    fn build_tunnels(
        graph: &mut Graph,
-        grid_to_node: &HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
-        tunnel_ends: &[Option<IVec2>; 2],
+        grid_to_node: &HashMap<I8Vec2, NodeId>,
+        tunnel_ends: &[Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
    ) -> GameResult<()> {
        // Create the hidden tunnel nodes
        let left_tunnel_hidden_node_id = {
@@ -353,15 +386,10 @@ impl Map {
                    Direction::Left,
                    Node {
                        position: left_tunnel_entrance_node.position
-                            + (Direction::Left.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+                            + IVec2::from(Direction::Left.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
                    },
                )
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    MapError::InvalidConfig(format!(
-                        "Failed to connect left tunnel entrance to left tunnel hidden node: {}",
-                        e
-                    ))
-                })?
+                .expect("Failed to connect left tunnel entrance to left tunnel hidden node")
        };

        // Create the right tunnel nodes
@@ -378,15 +406,10 @@ impl Map {
                    Direction::Right,
                    Node {
                        position: right_tunnel_entrance_node.position
-                            + (Direction::Right.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+                            + IVec2::from(Direction::Right.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
                    },
                )
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    MapError::InvalidConfig(format!(
-                        "Failed to connect right tunnel entrance to right tunnel hidden node: {}",
-                        e
-                    ))
-                })?
+                .expect("Failed to connect right tunnel entrance to right tunnel hidden node")
        };

        // Connect the left tunnel hidden node to the right tunnel hidden node
@@ -398,12 +421,7 @@ impl Map {
                Some(0.0),
                Direction::Left,
            )
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                MapError::InvalidConfig(format!(
-                    "Failed to connect left tunnel hidden node to right tunnel hidden node: {}",
-                    e
-                ))
-            })?;
+            .expect("Failed to connect left tunnel hidden node to right tunnel hidden node");

        Ok(())
    }
--- a/src/map/direction.rs
+++ b/src/map/direction.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-use glam::IVec2;
+use glam::I8Vec2;
+use strum_macros::AsRefStr;

 /// The four cardinal directions.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default, AsRefStr)]
 #[repr(usize)]
+#[strum(serialize_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum Direction {
    Up,
    Down,
@@ -26,8 +28,8 @@ impl Direction {
        }
    }

-    /// Returns the direction as an IVec2.
-    pub fn as_ivec2(self) -> IVec2 {
+    /// Returns the direction as an I8Vec2.
+    pub fn as_ivec2(self) -> I8Vec2 {
        self.into()
    }

@@ -43,13 +45,13 @@ impl Direction {
    }
 }

-impl From<Direction> for IVec2 {
+impl From<Direction> for I8Vec2 {
    fn from(dir: Direction) -> Self {
        match dir {
-            Direction::Up => -IVec2::Y,
-            Direction::Down => IVec2::Y,
-            Direction::Left => -IVec2::X,
-            Direction::Right => IVec2::X,
+            Direction::Up => -I8Vec2::Y,
+            Direction::Down => I8Vec2::Y,
+            Direction::Left => -I8Vec2::X,
+            Direction::Right => I8Vec2::X,
        }
    }
 }
--- a/src/map/graph.rs
+++ b/src/map/graph.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use glam::Vec2;

-use crate::systems::movement::NodeId;
+use crate::systems::NodeId;

 use super::direction::Direction;

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl Graph {

    /// Adds a new node with the given data to the graph and returns its ID.
    pub fn add_node(&mut self, data: Node) -> NodeId {
-        let id = self.nodes.len();
+        let id = self.nodes.len() as NodeId;
        self.nodes.push(data);
        self.adjacency_list.push(Intersection::default());
        id
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ impl Graph {
        distance: Option<f32>,
        direction: Direction,
    ) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-        if from >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
+        if from as usize >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
            return Err("From node does not exist.");
        }
-        if to >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
+        if to as usize >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
            return Err("To node does not exist.");
        }

@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ impl Graph {
                }
                None => {
                    // If no distance is provided, calculate it based on the positions of the nodes
-                    let from_pos = self.nodes[from].position;
-                    let to_pos = self.nodes[to].position;
+                    let from_pos = self.nodes[from as usize].position;
+                    let to_pos = self.nodes[to as usize].position;
                    from_pos.distance(to_pos)
                }
            },
@@ -187,11 +187,11 @@ impl Graph {
            traversal_flags,
        };

-        if from >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
+        if from as usize >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
            return Err("From node does not exist.");
        }

-        let adjacency_list = &mut self.adjacency_list[from];
+        let adjacency_list = &mut self.adjacency_list[from as usize];

        // Check if the edge already exists in this direction or to the same target
        if let Some(err) = adjacency_list.edges().find_map(|e| {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ impl Graph {

    /// Retrieves an immutable reference to a node's data.
    pub fn get_node(&self, id: NodeId) -> Option<&Node> {
-        self.nodes.get(id)
+        self.nodes.get(id as usize)
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over all nodes in the graph.
@@ -228,17 +228,17 @@ impl Graph {
        self.adjacency_list
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
-            .flat_map(|(node_id, intersection)| intersection.edges().map(move |edge| (node_id, edge)))
+            .flat_map(|(node_id, intersection)| intersection.edges().map(move |edge| (node_id as NodeId, edge)))
    }

    /// Finds a specific edge from a source node to a target node.
    pub fn find_edge(&self, from: NodeId, to: NodeId) -> Option<Edge> {
-        self.adjacency_list.get(from)?.edges().find(|edge| edge.target == to)
+        self.adjacency_list.get(from as usize)?.edges().find(|edge| edge.target == to)
    }

    /// Finds an edge originating from a given node that follows a specific direction.
    pub fn find_edge_in_direction(&self, from: NodeId, direction: Direction) -> Option<Edge> {
-        self.adjacency_list.get(from)?.get(direction)
+        self.adjacency_list.get(from as usize)?.get(direction)
    }
 }

--- a/src/map/parser.rs
+++ b/src/map/parser.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_CELL_SIZE};
 use crate::error::ParseError;
-use glam::IVec2;
+use glam::I8Vec2;

 /// Structured representation of parsed ASCII board layout with extracted special positions.
 ///
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ pub struct ParsedMap {
    /// 2D array of tiles converted from ASCII characters
    pub tiles: [[MapTile; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize],
    /// Two positions marking the ghost house entrance (represented by '=' characters)
-    pub house_door: [Option<IVec2>; 2],
+    pub house_door: [Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
    /// Two positions marking tunnel portals for wraparound teleportation ('T' characters)
-    pub tunnel_ends: [Option<IVec2>; 2],
+    pub tunnel_ends: [Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
    /// Starting position for Pac-Man (marked by 'X' character in the layout)
-    pub pacman_start: Option<IVec2>,
+    pub pacman_start: Option<I8Vec2>,
 }

 /// Parser for converting raw board layouts into structured map data.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl MapTileParser {
        let mut tiles = [[MapTile::Empty; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize];
        let mut house_door = [None; 2];
        let mut tunnel_ends = [None; 2];
-        let mut pacman_start: Option<IVec2> = None;
+        let mut pacman_start: Option<I8Vec2> = None;

        for (y, line) in raw_board.iter().enumerate().take(BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize) {
            for (x, character) in line.chars().enumerate().take(BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize) {
@@ -98,16 +98,16 @@ impl MapTileParser {
                match tile {
                    MapTile::Tunnel => {
                        if tunnel_ends[0].is_none() {
-                            tunnel_ends[0] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            tunnel_ends[0] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                        } else {
-                            tunnel_ends[1] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            tunnel_ends[1] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                        }
                    }
                    MapTile::Wall if character == '=' => {
                        if house_door[0].is_none() {
-                            house_door[0] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            house_door[0] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                        } else {
-                            house_door[1] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            house_door[1] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {}
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl MapTileParser {

                // Track Pac-Man's starting position
                if character == 'X' {
-                    pacman_start = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                    pacman_start = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                }

                tiles[x][y] = tile;
--- a/src/platform/desktop.rs
+++ b/src/platform/desktop.rs
@@ -1,44 +1,208 @@
 //! Desktop platform implementation.

-use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::time::Duration;

-use crate::asset::Asset;
-use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
-use crate::platform::CommonPlatform;
+use rand::rngs::ThreadRng;
+use rust_embed::Embed;
+
+use crate::error::PlatformError;
+
+#[derive(Embed)]
+#[folder = "assets/game/"]
+struct EmbeddedAssets;

 /// Desktop platform implementation.
-pub struct Platform;
-
-impl CommonPlatform for Platform {
-    fn sleep(&self, duration: Duration, focused: bool) {
-        if focused {
-            spin_sleep::sleep(duration);
-        } else {
-            std::thread::sleep(duration);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_time(&self) -> f64 {
-        std::time::Instant::now().elapsed().as_secs_f64()
-    }
-
-    fn init_console(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn get_canvas_size(&self) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-        None // Desktop doesn't need this
-    }
-
-    fn get_asset_bytes(&self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
-        match asset {
-            Asset::Wav1 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/1.ogg"))),
-            Asset::Wav2 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/2.ogg"))),
-            Asset::Wav3 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/3.ogg"))),
-            Asset::Wav4 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/4.ogg"))),
-            Asset::AtlasImage => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/atlas.png"))),
-            Asset::Font => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf"))),
-        }
+pub fn sleep(duration: Duration, focused: bool) {
+    if focused {
+        spin_sleep::sleep(duration);
+    } else {
+        std::thread::sleep(duration);
    }
 }
+
+pub fn init_console(force_console: bool) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    use crate::formatter::CustomFormatter;
+    use tracing::Level;
+    use tracing_error::ErrorLayer;
+    use tracing_subscriber::{fmt, layer::SubscriberExt, util::SubscriberInitExt, Layer};
+
+    // Create a file layer
+    let log_file = std::fs::File::create("pacman.log")
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to create log file: {}", e)))?;
+    let file_layer = fmt::layer()
+        .with_ansi(false)
+        .with_writer(log_file)
+        .event_format(CustomFormatter)
+        .with_filter(tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter::from_level(Level::DEBUG))
+        .boxed();
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    {
+        // If using windows subsystem, and force_console is true, allocate a new console window
+        if force_console && cfg!(not(use_console)) {
+            use crate::platform::tracing_buffer::{SwitchableMakeWriter, SwitchableWriter};
+
+            // Setup deferred tracing subscriber that will buffer logs until console is ready
+            let switchable_writer = SwitchableWriter::default();
+            let make_writer = SwitchableMakeWriter::new(switchable_writer.clone());
+            let console_layer = fmt::layer()
+                .with_ansi(true)
+                .with_writer(make_writer)
+                .event_format(CustomFormatter)
+                .with_filter(tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter::from_level(Level::DEBUG))
+                .boxed();
+
+            tracing_subscriber::registry()
+                .with(console_layer)
+                .with(file_layer)
+                .with(ErrorLayer::default())
+                .init();
+
+            // Enable virtual terminal processing for ANSI colors
+            allocate_console()?;
+            enable_ansi_support()?;
+
+            switchable_writer
+                .switch_to_direct_mode()
+                .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to switch to direct mode: {}", e)))?;
+        } else {
+            // Set up tracing subscriber with ANSI colors enabled
+            let console_layer = fmt::layer()
+                .with_ansi(true)
+                .with_writer(std::io::stdout)
+                .event_format(CustomFormatter)
+                .with_filter(tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter::from_level(Level::DEBUG))
+                .boxed();
+
+            tracing_subscriber::registry()
+                .with(console_layer)
+                .with(file_layer)
+                .with(ErrorLayer::default())
+                .init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    {
+        // Set up tracing subscriber with ANSI colors enabled
+        let console_layer = fmt::layer()
+            .with_ansi(true)
+            .with_writer(std::io::stdout)
+            .event_format(CustomFormatter)
+            .with_filter(tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter::from_level(Level::DEBUG))
+            .boxed();
+
+        tracing_subscriber::registry()
+            .with(console_layer)
+            .with(file_layer)
+            .with(ErrorLayer::default())
+            .init();
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn rng() -> ThreadRng {
+    rand::rng()
+}
+
+/// Enable ANSI escape sequence support in the Windows console
+/// Windows-only
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn enable_ansi_support() -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    use windows::Win32::System::Console::{
+        GetConsoleMode, GetStdHandle, SetConsoleMode, CONSOLE_MODE, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING, STD_ERROR_HANDLE,
+        STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE,
+    };
+
+    // Enable ANSI processing for stdout
+    unsafe {
+        let stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to get stdout handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+        let mut console_mode = CONSOLE_MODE(0);
+        GetConsoleMode(stdout_handle, &mut console_mode)
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to get console mode: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+        console_mode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
+        SetConsoleMode(stdout_handle, console_mode)
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to enable ANSI for stdout: {:?}", e)))?;
+    }
+
+    // Enable ANSI processing for stderr
+    unsafe {
+        let stderr_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to get stderr handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+        let mut console_mode = CONSOLE_MODE(0);
+        GetConsoleMode(stderr_handle, &mut console_mode)
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to get console mode: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+        console_mode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
+        SetConsoleMode(stderr_handle, console_mode)
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to enable ANSI for stderr: {:?}", e)))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Allocate a new console window for the process
+/// Windows-only
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn allocate_console() -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    use windows::{
+        core::PCSTR,
+        Win32::{
+            Foundation::{GENERIC_READ, GENERIC_WRITE},
+            Storage::FileSystem::{CreateFileA, FILE_FLAGS_AND_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_READ, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, OPEN_EXISTING},
+            System::Console::{AllocConsole, SetStdHandle, STD_ERROR_HANDLE, STD_INPUT_HANDLE, STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE},
+        },
+    };
+
+    // Allocate a new console for this process
+    unsafe { AllocConsole() }.map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to allocate console: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    // Note: SetConsoleTitle is not available in the imported modules, skipping title setting
+
+    // Redirect stdout
+    let stdout_handle = unsafe {
+        let pcstr = PCSTR::from_raw(c"CONOUT$".as_ptr() as *const u8);
+        CreateFileA::<PCSTR>(
+            pcstr,
+            (GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE).0,
+            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+            None,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_FLAGS_AND_ATTRIBUTES(0),
+            None,
+        )
+    }
+    .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to create stdout handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    // Redirect stdin
+    let stdin_handle = unsafe {
+        let pcstr = PCSTR::from_raw(c"CONIN$".as_ptr() as *const u8);
+        CreateFileA::<PCSTR>(
+            pcstr,
+            (GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE).0,
+            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+            None,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_FLAGS_AND_ATTRIBUTES(0),
+            None,
+        )
+    }
+    .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to create stdin handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    // Set the standard handles
+    unsafe { SetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, stdout_handle) }
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to set stdout handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    unsafe { SetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE, stdout_handle) }
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to set stderr handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    unsafe { SetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE, stdin_handle) }
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to set stdin handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/src/platform/emscripten.rs
+++ b/src/platform/emscripten.rs
@@ -1,62 +1,64 @@
 //! Emscripten platform implementation.

-use std::borrow::Cow;
+use crate::error::PlatformError;
+use crate::formatter::CustomFormatter;
+use rand::{rngs::SmallRng, SeedableRng};
+use std::ffi::CString;
+use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::time::Duration;

-use crate::asset::Asset;
-use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
-use crate::platform::CommonPlatform;
-
-/// Emscripten platform implementation.
-pub struct Platform;
-
-impl CommonPlatform for Platform {
-    fn sleep(&self, duration: Duration, _focused: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            emscripten_sleep(duration.as_millis() as u32);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_time(&self) -> f64 {
-        unsafe { emscripten_get_now() }
-    }
-
-    fn init_console(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        Ok(()) // No-op for Emscripten
-    }
-
-    fn get_canvas_size(&self) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-        Some(unsafe { get_canvas_size() })
-    }
-
-    fn get_asset_bytes(&self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
-        use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
-        use std::io::Read;
-
-        let path = format!("assets/game/{}", asset.path());
-        let mut rwops = RWops::from_file(&path, "rb").map_err(|_| AssetError::NotFound(asset.path().to_string()))?;
-
-        let len = rwops.len().ok_or_else(|| AssetError::NotFound(asset.path().to_string()))?;
-
-        let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
-        rwops
-            .read_exact(&mut buf)
-            .map_err(|e| AssetError::Io(std::io::Error::other(e)))?;
-
-        Ok(Cow::Owned(buf))
-    }
-}
-
 // Emscripten FFI functions
 extern "C" {
-    fn emscripten_get_now() -> f64;
    fn emscripten_sleep(ms: u32);
-    fn emscripten_get_element_css_size(target: *const u8, width: *mut f64, height: *mut f64) -> i32;
+    fn printf(format: *const u8, ...) -> i32;
 }

-unsafe fn get_canvas_size() -> (u32, u32) {
-    let mut width = 0.0;
-    let mut height = 0.0;
-    emscripten_get_element_css_size(c"canvas".as_ptr().cast(), &mut width, &mut height);
-    (width as u32, height as u32)
+pub fn sleep(duration: Duration, _focused: bool) {
+    unsafe {
+        emscripten_sleep(duration.as_millis() as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn init_console(_force_console: bool) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    use tracing_subscriber::{fmt, layer::SubscriberExt, EnvFilter};
+
+    // Set up a custom tracing subscriber that writes directly to emscripten console
+    let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(
+            fmt::layer()
+                .with_writer(|| EmscriptenConsoleWriter)
+                .with_ansi(false)
+                .event_format(CustomFormatter),
+        )
+        .with(EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("debug")));
+
+    tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber)
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to set tracing subscriber: {}", e)))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// A writer that outputs to the browser console via printf (redirected by emscripten)
+struct EmscriptenConsoleWriter;
+
+impl Write for EmscriptenConsoleWriter {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        if let Ok(s) = std::str::from_utf8(buf) {
+            if let Ok(cstr) = CString::new(s.trim_end_matches('\n')) {
+                let format_str = CString::new("%s\n").unwrap();
+                unsafe {
+                    printf(format_str.as_ptr().cast(), cstr.as_ptr());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(buf.len())
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn rng() -> SmallRng {
+    SmallRng::from_os_rng()
 }
--- a/src/platform/mod.rs
+++ b/src/platform/mod.rs
@@ -1,46 +1,15 @@
 //! Platform abstraction layer for cross-platform functionality.

-use crate::asset::Asset;
-use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
 mod desktop;
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+pub use desktop::*;
+
+/// Tracing buffer is only used on Windows.
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub mod tracing_buffer;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
+pub use emscripten::*;
 #[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
 mod emscripten;
-
-/// Cross-platform abstraction layer providing unified APIs for platform-specific operations.
-pub trait CommonPlatform {
-    /// Platform-specific sleep function (required due to Emscripten's non-standard sleep requirements).
-    ///
-    /// Provides access to current window focus state, useful for changing sleep algorithm conditionally.
-    fn sleep(&self, duration: Duration, focused: bool);
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn get_time(&self) -> f64;
-
-    /// Configures platform-specific console and debugging output capabilities.
-    fn init_console(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;
-
-    /// Retrieves the actual display canvas dimensions.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn get_canvas_size(&self) -> Option<(u32, u32)>;
-
-    /// Loads raw asset data using the appropriate platform-specific method.
-    fn get_asset_bytes(&self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError>;
-}
-
-/// Returns the appropriate platform implementation based on compile-time target.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn get_platform() -> &'static dyn CommonPlatform {
-    #[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
-    {
-        &desktop::Platform
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
-    {
-        &emscripten::Platform
-    }
-}
--- a/src/platform/tracing_buffer.rs
+++ b/src/platform/tracing_buffer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//! Buffered tracing setup for handling logs before console attachment.
+
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use std::io;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tracing::debug;
+use tracing_subscriber::fmt::MakeWriter;
+
+/// A thread-safe buffered writer that stores logs in memory until flushed.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BufferedWriter {
+    buffer: Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>>,
+}
+
+impl BufferedWriter {
+    /// Creates a new buffered writer.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            buffer: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Flushes all buffered content to the provided writer and clears the buffer.
+    pub fn flush_to<W: Write>(&self, mut writer: W) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let mut buffer = self.buffer.lock();
+        if !buffer.is_empty() {
+            writer.write_all(&buffer)?;
+            writer.flush()?;
+            buffer.clear();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current buffer size in bytes.
+    pub fn buffer_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.buffer.lock().len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Write for BufferedWriter {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        let mut buffer = self.buffer.lock();
+        buffer.extend_from_slice(buf);
+        Ok(buf.len())
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        // For buffered writer, flush is a no-op since we're storing in memory
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for BufferedWriter {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A writer that can switch between buffering and direct output.
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct SwitchableWriter {
+    buffered_writer: BufferedWriter,
+    direct_mode: std::sync::Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<bool>>,
+}
+
+impl SwitchableWriter {
+    pub fn switch_to_direct_mode(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let buffer_size = {
+            // Acquire the lock
+            let mut mode = self.direct_mode.lock();
+
+            // Get buffer size before flushing for debug logging
+            let buffer_size = self.buffered_writer.buffer_size();
+
+            // Flush any buffered content to stdout only
+            self.buffered_writer.flush_to(io::stdout())?;
+
+            // Switch to direct mode (and drop the lock)
+            *mode = true;
+
+            buffer_size
+        };
+
+        // Log how much was buffered (this will now go directly to stdout)
+        debug!("Flushed {buffer_size:?} bytes of buffered logs to console");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl io::Write for SwitchableWriter {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        if *self.direct_mode.lock() {
+            io::stdout().write(buf)
+        } else {
+            self.buffered_writer.clone().write(buf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if *self.direct_mode.lock() {
+            io::stdout().flush()
+        } else {
+            // For buffered mode, flush is a no-op
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A make writer that uses the switchable writer.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SwitchableMakeWriter {
+    writer: SwitchableWriter,
+}
+
+impl SwitchableMakeWriter {
+    pub fn new(writer: SwitchableWriter) -> Self {
+        Self { writer }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> MakeWriter<'a> for SwitchableMakeWriter {
+    type Writer = SwitchableWriter;
+
+    fn make_writer(&'a self) -> Self::Writer {
+        self.writer.clone()
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/animation/blinking.rs
+++ b/src/systems/animation/blinking.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    component::Component,
+    query::{Has, With},
+    system::{Query, Res},
+};
+
+use crate::systems::{DeltaTime, Frozen, Renderable, Visibility};
+
+#[derive(Component, Debug)]
+pub struct Blinking {
+    pub tick_timer: u32,
+    pub interval_ticks: u32,
+}
+
+impl Blinking {
+    pub fn new(interval_ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tick_timer: 0,
+            interval_ticks,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Updates blinking entities by toggling their visibility at regular intervals.
+///
+/// This system manages entities that have both `Blinking` and `Renderable` components,
+/// accumulating ticks and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
+/// Uses integer arithmetic for deterministic behavior.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn blinking_system(time: Res<DeltaTime>, mut query: Query<(&mut Blinking, &mut Visibility, Has<Frozen>), With<Renderable>>) {
+    for (mut blinking, mut visibility, frozen) in query.iter_mut() {
+        // If the entity is frozen, blinking is disabled and the entity is made visible
+        if frozen {
+            visibility.show();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Increase the timer by the delta ticks
+        blinking.tick_timer += time.ticks;
+
+        // Handle zero interval case (immediate toggling)
+        if blinking.interval_ticks == 0 {
+            if time.ticks > 0 {
+                visibility.toggle();
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate how many complete intervals have passed
+        let complete_intervals = blinking.tick_timer / blinking.interval_ticks;
+
+        // If no complete intervals have passed, there's nothing to do yet
+        if complete_intervals == 0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Update the timer to the remainder after complete intervals
+        blinking.tick_timer %= blinking.interval_ticks;
+
+        // Toggle the visibility for each complete interval
+        // Since toggling twice is a no-op, we only need to toggle if the count is odd
+        if complete_intervals % 2 == 1 {
+            visibility.toggle();
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/animation/directional.rs
+++ b/src/systems/animation/directional.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    component::Component,
+    query::{Has, Or, With, Without},
+    system::{Query, Res},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    systems::{DeltaTime, Dying, Frozen, LinearAnimation, Looping, Position, Renderable, Velocity},
+    texture::animated::DirectionalTiles,
+};
+
+/// Directional animation component with shared timing across all directions
+#[derive(Component, Clone)]
+pub struct DirectionalAnimation {
+    pub moving_tiles: DirectionalTiles,
+    pub stopped_tiles: DirectionalTiles,
+    pub current_frame: usize,
+    pub time_bank: u16,
+    pub frame_duration: u16,
+}
+
+impl DirectionalAnimation {
+    /// Creates a new directional animation with the given tiles and frame duration
+    pub fn new(moving_tiles: DirectionalTiles, stopped_tiles: DirectionalTiles, frame_duration: u16) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            moving_tiles,
+            stopped_tiles,
+            current_frame: 0,
+            time_bank: 0,
+            frame_duration,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Updates directional animated entities with synchronized timing across directions.
+///
+/// This runs before the render system to update sprites based on current direction and movement state.
+/// All directions share the same frame timing to ensure perfect synchronization.
+pub fn directional_render_system(
+    dt: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut query: Query<(&Position, &Velocity, &mut DirectionalAnimation, &mut Renderable, Has<Frozen>)>,
+) {
+    let ticks = (dt.seconds * 60.0).round() as u16; // Convert from seconds to ticks at 60 ticks/sec
+
+    for (position, velocity, mut anim, mut renderable, frozen) in query.iter_mut() {
+        let stopped = matches!(position, Position::Stopped { .. });
+
+        // Only tick animation when moving to preserve stopped frame
+        if !stopped && !frozen {
+            // Tick shared animation state
+            anim.time_bank += ticks;
+            while anim.time_bank >= anim.frame_duration {
+                anim.time_bank -= anim.frame_duration;
+                anim.current_frame += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Get tiles for current direction and movement state
+        let tiles = if stopped {
+            anim.stopped_tiles.get(velocity.direction)
+        } else {
+            anim.moving_tiles.get(velocity.direction)
+        };
+
+        if !tiles.is_empty() {
+            let new_tile = tiles.get_tile(anim.current_frame);
+            if renderable.sprite != new_tile {
+                renderable.sprite = new_tile;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// System that updates `Renderable` sprites for entities with `LinearAnimation`.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn linear_render_system(
+    dt: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut query: Query<(&mut LinearAnimation, &mut Renderable, Has<Looping>), Or<(Without<Frozen>, With<Dying>)>>,
+) {
+    for (mut anim, mut renderable, looping) in query.iter_mut() {
+        if anim.finished {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        anim.time_bank += dt.ticks as u16;
+        let frames_to_advance = (anim.time_bank / anim.frame_duration) as usize;
+
+        if frames_to_advance == 0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let total_frames = anim.tiles.len();
+
+        if !looping && anim.current_frame + frames_to_advance >= total_frames {
+            anim.finished = true;
+            anim.current_frame = total_frames - 1;
+        } else {
+            anim.current_frame += frames_to_advance;
+        }
+
+        anim.time_bank %= anim.frame_duration;
+        renderable.sprite = anim.tiles.get_tile(anim.current_frame);
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/animation/linear.rs
+++ b/src/systems/animation/linear.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use crate::texture::animated::TileSequence;
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
+use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
+
+/// Tag component to mark animations that should loop when they reach the end
+#[derive(Component, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Looping;
+
+/// Linear animation component for non-directional animations (frightened ghosts)
+#[derive(Component, Resource, Clone)]
+pub struct LinearAnimation {
+    pub tiles: TileSequence,
+    pub current_frame: usize,
+    pub time_bank: u16,
+    pub frame_duration: u16,
+    pub finished: bool,
+}
+
+impl LinearAnimation {
+    /// Creates a new linear animation with the given tiles and frame duration
+    pub fn new(tiles: TileSequence, frame_duration: u16) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tiles,
+            current_frame: 0,
+            time_bank: 0,
+            frame_duration,
+            finished: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/animation/mod.rs
+++ b/src/systems/animation/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+mod blinking;
+mod directional;
+mod linear;
+
+pub use self::blinking::*;
+pub use self::directional::*;
+pub use self::linear::*;
--- a/src/systems/audio.rs
+++ b/src/systems/audio.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
    resource::Resource,
    system::{NonSendMut, ResMut},
 };
+use tracing::{debug, trace};

-use crate::{audio::Audio, error::GameError};
+use crate::{audio::Audio, audio::Sound, error::GameError};

 /// Resource for tracking audio state
 #[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone, Default)]
@@ -24,8 +25,16 @@ pub struct AudioState {
 /// Events for triggering audio playback
 #[derive(Event, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum AudioEvent {
-    /// Play the "eat" sound when Pac-Man consumes a pellet
-    PlayEat,
+    /// Play a specific sound effect
+    PlaySound(Sound),
+    /// Play the cycling waka sound variant
+    Waka,
+    /// Stop all currently playing sounds
+    StopAll,
+    /// Pause all sounds
+    Pause,
+    /// Resume all sounds
+    Resume,
 }

 /// Non-send resource wrapper for SDL2 audio system
@@ -45,18 +54,62 @@ pub fn audio_system(
 ) {
    // Set mute state if it has changed
    if audio.0.is_muted() != audio_state.muted {
+        debug!(muted = audio_state.muted, "Audio mute state changed");
        audio.0.set_mute(audio_state.muted);
    }

    // Process audio events
    for event in audio_events.read() {
        match event {
-            AudioEvent::PlayEat => {
+            AudioEvent::Waka => {
                if !audio.0.is_disabled() && !audio_state.muted {
-                    audio.0.eat();
+                    trace!(sound_index = audio_state.sound_index, "Playing eat sound");
+                    audio.0.waka();
                    // Update the sound index for cycling through sounds
                    audio_state.sound_index = (audio_state.sound_index + 1) % 4;
                    // 4 eat sounds available
+                } else {
+                    debug!(
+                        disabled = audio.0.is_disabled(),
+                        muted = audio_state.muted,
+                        "Skipping eat sound due to audio state"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            AudioEvent::PlaySound(sound) => {
+                if !audio.0.is_disabled() && !audio_state.muted {
+                    trace!(?sound, "Playing sound");
+                    audio.0.play(*sound);
+                } else {
+                    debug!(
+                        disabled = audio.0.is_disabled(),
+                        muted = audio_state.muted,
+                        "Skipping sound due to audio state"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            AudioEvent::StopAll => {
+                if !audio.0.is_disabled() {
+                    debug!("Stopping all audio");
+                    audio.0.stop_all();
+                } else {
+                    debug!("Audio disabled, ignoring stop all request");
+                }
+            }
+            AudioEvent::Pause => {
+                if !audio.0.is_disabled() {
+                    debug!("Pausing all audio");
+                    audio.0.pause_all();
+                } else {
+                    debug!("Audio disabled, ignoring pause all request");
+                }
+            }
+            AudioEvent::Resume => {
+                if !audio.0.is_disabled() {
+                    debug!("Resuming all audio");
+                    audio.0.resume_all();
+                } else {
+                    debug!("Audio disabled, ignoring resume all request");
                }
            }
        }
--- a/src/systems/blinking.rs
+++ b/src/systems/blinking.rs
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{
-    component::Component,
-    entity::Entity,
-    query::{Has, With},
-    system::{Commands, Query, Res},
-};
-
-use crate::systems::{
-    components::{DeltaTime, Renderable},
-    Frozen, Hidden,
-};
-
-#[derive(Component, Debug)]
-pub struct Blinking {
-    pub timer: f32,
-    pub interval: f32,
-}
-
-impl Blinking {
-    pub fn new(interval: f32) -> Self {
-        Self { timer: 0.0, interval }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Updates blinking entities by toggling their visibility at regular intervals.
-///
-/// This system manages entities that have both `Blinking` and `Renderable` components,
-/// accumulating time and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
-#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-pub fn blinking_system(
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    time: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut query: Query<(Entity, &mut Blinking, Has<Hidden>, Has<Frozen>), With<Renderable>>,
-) {
-    for (entity, mut blinking, hidden, frozen) in query.iter_mut() {
-        // If the entity is frozen, blinking is disabled and the entity is unhidden (if it was hidden)
-        if frozen {
-            if hidden {
-                commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
-            }
-
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Increase the timer by the delta time
-        blinking.timer += time.0;
-
-        // If the timer is less than the interval, there's nothing to do yet
-        if blinking.timer < blinking.interval {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Subtract the interval (allows for the timer to retain partial interval progress)
-        blinking.timer -= blinking.interval;
-
-        // Toggle the Hidden component
-        if hidden {
-            commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
-        } else {
-            commands.entity(entity).insert(Hidden);
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/src/systems/collision.rs
+++ b/src/systems/collision.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
-use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
-use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
-use bevy_ecs::event::{EventReader, EventWriter};
-use bevy_ecs::query::With;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, Query, Res, ResMut};
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    component::Component,
+    entity::Entity,
+    event::EventWriter,
+    observer::Trigger,
+    query::With,
+    system::{Commands, Query, Res, ResMut},
+};
+use tracing::{debug, trace, warn};

-use crate::error::GameError;
-use crate::events::GameEvent;
-use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::movement::Position;
-use crate::systems::{AudioEvent, Ghost, PlayerControlled, ScoreResource, Vulnerable};
+use crate::audio::Sound;
+use crate::{
+    constants,
+    systems::{movement::Position, AudioEvent, DyingSequence, FruitSprites, GameStage, Ghost, ScoreResource, SpawnTrigger},
+};
+use crate::{error::GameError, systems::GhostState};
+use crate::{
+    events::{CollisionTrigger, StageTransition},
+    systems::PelletCount,
+};
+use crate::{map::builder::Map, systems::EntityType};

+/// A component for defining the collision area of an entity.
 #[derive(Component)]
 pub struct Collider {
    pub size: f32,
@@ -52,22 +63,23 @@ pub fn check_collision(
    Ok(collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, distance))
 }

-/// Detects overlapping entities and generates collision events for gameplay systems.
+/// Detects overlapping entities and triggers collision observers immediately.
 ///
 /// Performs distance-based collision detection between Pac-Man and collectible items
-/// using each entity's position and collision radius. When entities overlap, emits
-/// a `GameEvent::Collision` for the item system to handle scoring and removal.
+/// using each entity's position and collision radius. When entities overlap, triggers
+/// collision observers for immediate handling without race conditions.
 /// Collision detection accounts for both entities being in motion and supports
 /// circular collision boundaries for accurate gameplay feel.
 ///
 /// Also detects collisions between Pac-Man and ghosts for gameplay mechanics like
 /// power pellet effects, ghost eating, and player death.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn collision_system(
    map: Res<Map>,
    pacman_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider), With<PacmanCollider>>,
    item_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider), With<ItemCollider>>,
-    ghost_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider), With<GhostCollider>>,
-    mut events: EventWriter<GameEvent>,
+    ghost_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider, &Ghost, &GhostState), With<GhostCollider>>,
+    mut commands: Commands,
    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
    // Check PACMAN × ITEM collisions
@@ -76,7 +88,8 @@ pub fn collision_system(
            match check_collision(pacman_pos, pacman_collider, item_pos, item_collider, &map) {
                Ok(colliding) => {
                    if colliding {
-                        events.write(GameEvent::Collision(pacman_entity, item_entity));
+                        trace!("Item collision detected");
+                        commands.trigger(CollisionTrigger::ItemCollision { item: item_entity });
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
@@ -89,12 +102,19 @@ pub fn collision_system(
        }

        // Check PACMAN × GHOST collisions
-        for (ghost_entity, ghost_pos, ghost_collider) in ghost_query.iter() {
+        for (ghost_entity, ghost_pos, ghost_collider, ghost, ghost_state) in ghost_query.iter() {
            match check_collision(pacman_pos, pacman_collider, ghost_pos, ghost_collider, &map) {
                Ok(colliding) => {
-                    if colliding {
-                        events.write(GameEvent::Collision(pacman_entity, ghost_entity));
+                    if !colliding || matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Eyes) {
+                        continue;
                    }
+
+                    trace!(ghost = ?ghost, "Ghost collision detected");
+                    commands.trigger(CollisionTrigger::GhostCollision {
+                        pacman: pacman_entity,
+                        ghost: ghost_entity,
+                        ghost_type: *ghost,
+                    });
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
@@ -107,43 +127,135 @@ pub fn collision_system(
    }
 }

-pub fn ghost_collision_system(
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    mut collision_events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
+/// Observer for handling ghost collisions immediately when they occur
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn ghost_collision_observer(
+    trigger: Trigger<CollisionTrigger>,
+    mut stage_events: EventWriter<StageTransition>,
    mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
-    pacman_query: Query<(), With<PlayerControlled>>,
-    ghost_query: Query<(Entity, &Ghost), With<GhostCollider>>,
-    vulnerable_query: Query<Entity, With<Vulnerable>>,
+    mut game_state: ResMut<GameStage>,
+    mut ghost_state_query: Query<&mut GhostState>,
    mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
 ) {
-    for event in collision_events.read() {
-        if let GameEvent::Collision(entity1, entity2) = event {
-            // Check if one is Pacman and the other is a ghost
-            let (_pacman_entity, ghost_entity) = if pacman_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() && ghost_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() {
-                (*entity1, *entity2)
-            } else if pacman_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() && ghost_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() {
-                (*entity2, *entity1)
+    if let CollisionTrigger::GhostCollision {
+        pacman: _pacman,
+        ghost,
+        ghost_type,
+    } = *trigger
+    {
+        // Check if Pac-Man is already dying
+        if matches!(*game_state, GameStage::PlayerDying(_)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the ghost is frightened
+        if let Ok(mut ghost_state) = ghost_state_query.get_mut(ghost) {
+            // Check if ghost is in frightened state
+            if matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Frightened { .. }) {
+                // Pac-Man eats the ghost
+                // Add score (200 points per ghost eaten)
+                debug!(ghost = ?ghost_type, score_added = 200, new_score = score.0 + 200, "Pacman ate frightened ghost");
+                score.0 += 200;
+
+                *ghost_state = GhostState::Eyes;
+
+                // Enter short pause to show bonus points, hide ghost, then set Eyes after pause
+                // Request transition via event so stage_system can process it
+                stage_events.write(StageTransition::GhostEatenPause {
+                    ghost_entity: ghost,
+                    ghost_type,
+                });
+
+                // Play ghost eaten sound
+                events.write(AudioEvent::PlaySound(Sound::Ghost));
+            } else if matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Normal) {
+                // Pac-Man dies
+                warn!(ghost = ?ghost_type, "Pacman hit by normal ghost, player dies");
+                *game_state = GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Frozen { remaining_ticks: 60 });
+                events.write(AudioEvent::StopAll);
            } else {
-                continue;
-            };
+                trace!(ghost_state = ?*ghost_state, "Ghost collision ignored due to state");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

-            // Check if the ghost is vulnerable
-            if let Ok((ghost_ent, _ghost_type)) = ghost_query.get(ghost_entity) {
-                // Check if ghost has Vulnerable component
-                if vulnerable_query.get(ghost_ent).is_ok() {
-                    // Pac-Man eats the ghost
-                    // Add score (200 points per ghost eaten)
-                    score.0 += 200;
+/// Observer for handling item collisions immediately when they occur
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn item_collision_observer(
+    trigger: Trigger<CollisionTrigger>,
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
+    mut pellet_count: ResMut<PelletCount>,
+    item_query: Query<(Entity, &EntityType, &Position), With<ItemCollider>>,
+    mut ghost_query: Query<&mut GhostState, With<GhostCollider>>,
+    mut fruit_sprites: ResMut<FruitSprites>,
+    mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
+) {
+    if let CollisionTrigger::ItemCollision { item } = *trigger {
+        // Get the item type and update score
+        if let Ok((item_ent, entity_type, position)) = item_query.get(item) {
+            if let Some(score_value) = entity_type.score_value() {
+                trace!(item_entity = ?item_ent, item_type = ?entity_type, score_value, new_score = score.0 + score_value, "Item collected by player");
+                score.0 += score_value;

-                    // Remove the ghost
-                    commands.entity(ghost_ent).despawn();
+                // Remove the collected item
+                commands.entity(item_ent).despawn();

-                    // Play eat sound
-                    events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
-                } else {
-                    // Pac-Man dies (this would need a death system)
-                    // For now, just log it
-                    tracing::warn!("Pac-Man collided with ghost while not vulnerable!");
+                // Track pellet consumption for fruit spawning
+                if *entity_type == EntityType::Pellet {
+                    pellet_count.0 += 1;
+                    trace!(pellet_count = pellet_count.0, "Pellet consumed");
+
+                    // Check if we should spawn a fruit
+                    if pellet_count.0 == 5 || pellet_count.0 == 170 {
+                        debug!(pellet_count = pellet_count.0, "Fruit spawn milestone reached");
+                        commands.trigger(SpawnTrigger::Fruit);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Trigger bonus points effect if a fruit is collected
+                if let EntityType::Fruit(fruit) = *entity_type {
+                    fruit_sprites.0.push(fruit);
+
+                    commands.trigger(SpawnTrigger::Bonus {
+                        position: *position,
+                        value: entity_type.score_value().unwrap(),
+                        ttl: 60 * 2,
+                    });
+                }
+
+                // Trigger audio if appropriate
+                if entity_type.is_collectible() {
+                    match *entity_type {
+                        EntityType::Fruit(_) => {
+                            events.write(AudioEvent::PlaySound(Sound::Fruit));
+                        }
+                        EntityType::Pellet | EntityType::PowerPellet => {
+                            events.write(AudioEvent::Waka);
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Make non-eaten ghosts frightened when power pellet is collected
+                if matches!(*entity_type, EntityType::PowerPellet) {
+                    debug!(
+                        duration_ticks = constants::animation::GHOST_FRIGHTENED_TICKS,
+                        "Power pellet collected, frightening ghosts"
+                    );
+                    for mut ghost_state in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                        if matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Normal) {
+                            *ghost_state = GhostState::new_frightened(
+                                constants::animation::GHOST_FRIGHTENED_TICKS,
+                                constants::animation::GHOST_FRIGHTENED_FLASH_START_TICKS,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    debug!(
+                        frightened_count = ghost_query.iter().count(),
+                        "Ghosts set to frightened state"
+                    );
                }
            }
        }
--- a/src/systems/common/bundles.rs
+++ b/src/systems/common/bundles.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use bevy_ecs::bundle::Bundle;
+
+use crate::systems::{
+    BufferedDirection, Collider, DirectionalAnimation, EntityType, Ghost, GhostCollider, GhostState, ItemCollider,
+    LastAnimationState, MovementModifiers, PacmanCollider, PlayerControlled, Position, Renderable, Velocity,
+};
+
+#[derive(Bundle)]
+pub struct PlayerBundle {
+    pub player: PlayerControlled,
+    pub position: Position,
+    pub velocity: Velocity,
+    pub buffered_direction: BufferedDirection,
+    pub sprite: Renderable,
+    pub directional_animation: DirectionalAnimation,
+    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers,
+    pub pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
+}
+
+#[derive(Bundle)]
+pub struct ItemBundle {
+    pub position: Position,
+    pub sprite: Renderable,
+    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub item_collider: ItemCollider,
+}
+
+#[derive(Bundle)]
+pub struct GhostBundle {
+    pub ghost: Ghost,
+    pub position: Position,
+    pub velocity: Velocity,
+    pub sprite: Renderable,
+    pub directional_animation: DirectionalAnimation,
+    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub ghost_collider: GhostCollider,
+    pub ghost_state: GhostState,
+    pub last_animation_state: LastAnimationState,
+}
--- a/src/systems/common/components.rs
+++ b/src/systems/common/components.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{component::Component, resource::Resource};
+
+use crate::{map::graph::TraversalFlags, systems::FruitType};
+
+/// A tag component denoting the type of entity.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum EntityType {
+    Player,
+    Ghost,
+    Pellet,
+    PowerPellet,
+    Fruit(FruitType),
+    Effect,
+}
+
+impl EntityType {
+    /// Returns the traversal flags for this entity type.
+    pub fn traversal_flags(&self) -> TraversalFlags {
+        match self {
+            EntityType::Player => TraversalFlags::PACMAN,
+            EntityType::Ghost => TraversalFlags::GHOST,
+            _ => TraversalFlags::empty(), // Static entities don't traverse
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn score_value(&self) -> Option<u32> {
+        match self {
+            EntityType::Pellet => Some(10),
+            EntityType::PowerPellet => Some(50),
+            EntityType::Fruit(fruit_type) => Some(fruit_type.score_value()),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_collectible(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, EntityType::Pellet | EntityType::PowerPellet | EntityType::Fruit(_))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct GlobalState {
+    pub exit: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct ScoreResource(pub u32);
+
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct DeltaTime {
+    /// Floating-point delta time in seconds
+    pub seconds: f32,
+    /// Integer tick delta (usually 1, but can be different for testing)
+    pub ticks: u32,
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl DeltaTime {
+    /// Creates a new DeltaTime from a floating-point delta time in seconds
+    ///
+    /// While this method exists as a helper, it does not mean that seconds and ticks are interchangeable.
+    pub fn from_seconds(seconds: f32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            seconds,
+            ticks: (seconds * 60.0).round() as u32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new DeltaTime from an integer tick delta
+    ///
+    /// While this method exists as a helper, it does not mean that seconds and ticks are interchangeable.
+    pub fn from_ticks(ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            seconds: ticks as f32 / 60.0,
+            ticks,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Movement modifiers that can affect Pac-Man's speed or handling.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct MovementModifiers {
+    /// Multiplier applied to base speed (e.g., tunnels)
+    pub speed_multiplier: f32,
+    /// True when currently in a tunnel slowdown region
+    pub tunnel_slowdown_active: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for MovementModifiers {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            speed_multiplier: 1.0,
+            tunnel_slowdown_active: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Tag component for entities that should be frozen during startup
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Frozen;
+
+/// Component for HUD life sprite entities.
+/// Each life sprite entity has an index indicating its position from left to right (0, 1, 2, etc.).
+/// This mostly functions as a tag component for sprites.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct PlayerLife {
+    pub index: u32,
+}
--- a/src/systems/common/mod.rs
+++ b/src/systems/common/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pub mod bundles;
+pub mod components;
+
+pub use self::bundles::*;
+pub use self::components::*;
--- a/src/systems/components.rs
+++ b/src/systems/components.rs
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{bundle::Bundle, component::Component, resource::Resource};
-use bitflags::bitflags;
-
-use crate::{
-    map::graph::TraversalFlags,
-    systems::{
-        movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
-        Collider, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider,
-    },
-    texture::{animated::AnimatedTexture, sprite::AtlasTile},
-};
-
-/// A tag component for entities that are controlled by the player.
-#[derive(Default, Component)]
-pub struct PlayerControlled;
-
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum Ghost {
-    Blinky,
-    Pinky,
-    Inky,
-    Clyde,
-}
-
-impl Ghost {
-    /// Returns the ghost type name for atlas lookups.
-    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Ghost::Blinky => "blinky",
-            Ghost::Pinky => "pinky",
-            Ghost::Inky => "inky",
-            Ghost::Clyde => "clyde",
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the base movement speed for this ghost type.
-    pub fn base_speed(self) -> f32 {
-        match self {
-            Ghost::Blinky => 1.0,
-            Ghost::Pinky => 0.95,
-            Ghost::Inky => 0.9,
-            Ghost::Clyde => 0.85,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the ghost's color for debug rendering.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn debug_color(&self) -> sdl2::pixels::Color {
-        match self {
-            Ghost::Blinky => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(255, 0, 0),    // Red
-            Ghost::Pinky => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(255, 182, 255), // Pink
-            Ghost::Inky => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(0, 255, 255),    // Cyan
-            Ghost::Clyde => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(255, 182, 85),  // Orange
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A tag component denoting the type of entity.
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub enum EntityType {
-    Player,
-    Ghost,
-    Pellet,
-    PowerPellet,
-}
-
-impl EntityType {
-    /// Returns the traversal flags for this entity type.
-    pub fn traversal_flags(&self) -> TraversalFlags {
-        match self {
-            EntityType::Player => TraversalFlags::PACMAN,
-            EntityType::Ghost => TraversalFlags::GHOST,
-            _ => TraversalFlags::empty(), // Static entities don't traverse
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn score_value(&self) -> Option<u32> {
-        match self {
-            EntityType::Pellet => Some(10),
-            EntityType::PowerPellet => Some(50),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_collectible(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, EntityType::Pellet | EntityType::PowerPellet)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A component for entities that have a sprite, with a layer for ordering.
-///
-/// This is intended to be modified by other entities allowing animation.
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct Renderable {
-    pub sprite: AtlasTile,
-    pub layer: u8,
-}
-
-/// A component for entities that have a directional animated texture.
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct DirectionalAnimated {
-    pub textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
-    pub stopped_textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
-}
-
-bitflags! {
-    #[derive(Component, Default, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-    pub struct CollisionLayer: u8 {
-        const PACMAN = 1 << 0;
-        const GHOST = 1 << 1;
-        const ITEM = 1 << 2;
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct GlobalState {
-    pub exit: bool,
-}
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct ScoreResource(pub u32);
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct DeltaTime(pub f32);
-
-/// Movement modifiers that can affect Pac-Man's speed or handling.
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct MovementModifiers {
-    /// Multiplier applied to base speed (e.g., tunnels)
-    pub speed_multiplier: f32,
-    /// True when currently in a tunnel slowdown region
-    pub tunnel_slowdown_active: bool,
-}
-
-impl Default for MovementModifiers {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            speed_multiplier: 1.0,
-            tunnel_slowdown_active: false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Tag component for entities that should be frozen during startup
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct Frozen;
-
-/// Component for ghosts that are vulnerable to Pac-Man
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct Vulnerable {
-    pub remaining_ticks: u32,
-}
-
-#[derive(Bundle)]
-pub struct PlayerBundle {
-    pub player: PlayerControlled,
-    pub position: Position,
-    pub velocity: Velocity,
-    pub buffered_direction: BufferedDirection,
-    pub sprite: Renderable,
-    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
-    pub entity_type: EntityType,
-    pub collider: Collider,
-    pub movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers,
-    pub pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
-}
-
-#[derive(Bundle)]
-pub struct ItemBundle {
-    pub position: Position,
-    pub sprite: Renderable,
-    pub entity_type: EntityType,
-    pub collider: Collider,
-    pub item_collider: ItemCollider,
-}
-
-#[derive(Bundle)]
-pub struct GhostBundle {
-    pub ghost: Ghost,
-    pub position: Position,
-    pub velocity: Velocity,
-    pub sprite: Renderable,
-    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
-    pub entity_type: EntityType,
-    pub collider: Collider,
-    pub ghost_collider: GhostCollider,
-}
--- a/src/systems/debug.rs
+++ b/src/systems/debug.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 //! Debug rendering system
-use std::cmp::Ordering;
-
-use crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET;
+use crate::constants::{self, BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::{Collider, CursorPosition, Position, SystemTimings};
+use crate::systems::{Collider, CursorPosition, NodeId, Position, SystemTimings};
+use crate::texture::ttf::{TtfAtlas, TtfRenderer};
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res};
-use glam::{IVec2, UVec2, Vec2};
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::{Point, Rect};
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture, TextureCreator};
-use sdl2::ttf::Font;
-use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
+use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
+use sdl2::video::Window;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use tracing::warn;

 #[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct DebugState {
@@ -23,39 +25,153 @@ fn f32_to_u8(value: f32) -> u8 {
 }

 /// Resource to hold the debug texture for persistent rendering
-pub struct DebugTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
+pub struct DebugTextureResource(pub Texture);

-/// Resource to hold the debug font
-pub struct DebugFontResource(pub Font<'static, 'static>);
+/// Resource to hold the TTF text atlas
+pub struct TtfAtlasResource(pub TtfAtlas);
+
+/// Resource to hold pre-computed batched line segments
+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BatchedLinesResource {
+    horizontal_lines: Vec<(i32, i32, i32)>, // (y, x_start, x_end)
+    vertical_lines: Vec<(i32, i32, i32)>,   // (x, y_start, y_end)
+}
+
+impl BatchedLinesResource {
+    /// Computes and caches batched line segments for the map graph
+    pub fn new(map: &Map, scale: f32) -> Self {
+        let mut horizontal_segments: HashMap<i32, Vec<(i32, i32)>> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut vertical_segments: HashMap<i32, Vec<(i32, i32)>> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut processed_edges: HashSet<(u16, u16)> = HashSet::new();
+
+        // Process all edges and group them by axis
+        for (start_node_id, edge) in map.graph.edges() {
+            // Acquire a stable key for the edge (from < to)
+            let edge_key = (start_node_id.min(edge.target), start_node_id.max(edge.target));
+
+            // Skip if we've already processed this edge in the reverse direction
+            if processed_edges.contains(&edge_key) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            processed_edges.insert(edge_key);
+
+            let start_pos = map.graph.get_node(start_node_id).unwrap().position;
+            let end_pos = map.graph.get_node(edge.target).unwrap().position;
+
+            let start = transform_position_with_offset(start_pos, scale);
+            let end = transform_position_with_offset(end_pos, scale);
+
+            // Determine if this is a horizontal or vertical line
+            if (start.y - end.y).abs() < 2 {
+                // Horizontal line (allowing for slight vertical variance)
+                let y = start.y;
+                let x_min = start.x.min(end.x);
+                let x_max = start.x.max(end.x);
+                horizontal_segments.entry(y).or_default().push((x_min, x_max));
+            } else if (start.x - end.x).abs() < 2 {
+                // Vertical line (allowing for slight horizontal variance)
+                let x = start.x;
+                let y_min = start.y.min(end.y);
+                let y_max = start.y.max(end.y);
+                vertical_segments.entry(x).or_default().push((y_min, y_max));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Merges overlapping or adjacent segments into continuous lines
+        fn merge_segments(segments: Vec<(i32, i32)>) -> Vec<(i32, i32)> {
+            if segments.is_empty() {
+                return Vec::new();
+            }
+
+            let mut merged = Vec::new();
+            let mut current_start = segments[0].0;
+            let mut current_end = segments[0].1;
+
+            for &(start, end) in segments.iter().skip(1) {
+                if start <= current_end + 1 {
+                    // Adjacent or overlapping
+                    current_end = current_end.max(end);
+                } else {
+                    merged.push((current_start, current_end));
+                    current_start = start;
+                    current_end = end;
+                }
+            }
+
+            merged.push((current_start, current_end));
+            merged
+        }
+
+        // Convert to flat vectors for fast iteration during rendering
+        let horizontal_lines = horizontal_segments
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|(y, mut segments)| {
+                segments.sort_unstable_by_key(|(start, _)| *start);
+                let merged = merge_segments(segments);
+                merged.into_iter().map(move |(x_start, x_end)| (y, x_start, x_end))
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let vertical_lines = vertical_segments
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|(x, mut segments)| {
+                segments.sort_unstable_by_key(|(start, _)| *start);
+                let merged = merge_segments(segments);
+                merged.into_iter().map(move |(y_start, y_end)| (x, y_start, y_end))
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        Self {
+            horizontal_lines,
+            vertical_lines,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
+        // Render horizontal lines
+        for &(y, x_start, x_end) in &self.horizontal_lines {
+            let points = [Point::new(x_start, y), Point::new(x_end, y)];
+            let _ = canvas.draw_lines(&points[..]);
+        }
+
+        // Render vertical lines
+        for &(x, y_start, y_end) in &self.vertical_lines {
+            let points = [Point::new(x, y_start), Point::new(x, y_end)];
+            let _ = canvas.draw_lines(&points[..]);
+        }
+    }
+}

 /// Transforms a position from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates (with board offset)
 fn transform_position_with_offset(pos: Vec2, scale: f32) -> IVec2 {
    ((pos + BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2()) * scale).as_ivec2()
 }

-/// Renders timing information in the top-left corner of the screen
+/// Renders timing information in the top-left corner of the screen using the debug text atlas
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 fn render_timing_display(
    canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
-    texture_creator: &mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
    timings: &SystemTimings,
-    font: &Font,
+    current_tick: u64,
+    text_renderer: &TtfRenderer,
+    atlas: &mut TtfAtlas,
 ) {
    // Format timing information using the formatting module
-    let lines = timings.format_timing_display();
-    let line_height = 14; // Approximate line height for 12pt font
+    let lines = timings.format_timing_display(current_tick);
+    let line_height = text_renderer.text_height(atlas) as i32 + 2; // Add 2px line spacing
    let padding = 10;

    // Calculate background dimensions
    let max_width = lines
        .iter()
        .filter(|l| !l.is_empty()) // Don't consider empty lines for width
-        .map(|line| font.size_of(line).unwrap().0)
+        .map(|line| text_renderer.text_width(atlas, line))
        .max()
        .unwrap_or(0);

    // Only draw background if there is text to display
-    if max_width > 0 {
-        let total_height = (lines.len() as u32) * line_height as u32;
+    let total_height = (lines.len() as u32) * line_height as u32;
+    if max_width > 0 && total_height > 0 {
        let bg_padding = 5;

        // Draw background
@@ -75,133 +191,149 @@ fn render_timing_display(
            continue;
        }

-        // Render each line
-        let surface = font.render(line).blended(Color::RGBA(255, 255, 255, 200)).unwrap();
-        let texture = texture_creator.create_texture_from_surface(&surface).unwrap();
-
        // Position each line below the previous one
-        let y_pos = padding + (i * line_height) as i32;
-        let dest = Rect::new(padding, y_pos, texture.query().width, texture.query().height);
-        canvas.copy(&texture, None, dest).unwrap();
+        let y_pos = padding + (i as i32 * line_height);
+        let position = Vec2::new(padding as f32, y_pos as f32);
+
+        // Render the line using the debug text renderer
+        text_renderer
+            .render_text(canvas, atlas, line, position, Color::RGBA(255, 255, 255, 200))
+            .unwrap();
    }
 }

 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 pub fn debug_render_system(
-    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
-    mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
-    debug_font: NonSendMut<DebugFontResource>,
-    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
-    timings: Res<SystemTimings>,
-    map: Res<Map>,
-    colliders: Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
-    cursor: Res<CursorPosition>,
+    canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
+    ttf_atlas: &mut TtfAtlasResource,
+    batched_lines: &Res<BatchedLinesResource>,
+    debug_state: &Res<DebugState>,
+    timings: &Res<SystemTimings>,
+    timing: &Res<crate::systems::profiling::Timing>,
+    map: &Res<Map>,
+    colliders: &Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
+    cursor: &Res<CursorPosition>,
 ) {
    if !debug_state.enabled {
        return;
    }
-    let scale =
-        (UVec2::from(canvas.output_size().unwrap()).as_vec2() / UVec2::from(canvas.logical_size()).as_vec2()).min_element();
+    // Create debug text renderer
+    let text_renderer = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);

-    // Get texture creator before entering the closure to avoid borrowing conflicts
-    let mut texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
-    let font = &debug_font.0;
-
-    let cursor_world_pos = match *cursor {
+    let cursor_world_pos = match &**cursor {
        CursorPosition::None => None,
        CursorPosition::Some { position, .. } => Some(position - BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2()),
    };

-    // Draw debug info on the high-resolution debug texture
-    canvas
-        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
-            // Clear the debug canvas
-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
-            debug_canvas.clear();
+    // Clear the debug canvas
+    canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
+    canvas.clear();

-            // Find the closest node to the cursor
-            let closest_node = if let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos {
-                map.graph
-                    .nodes()
-                    .map(|node| node.position.distance(cursor_world_pos))
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Less))
-                    .map(|(id, _)| id)
-            } else {
-                None
-            };
+    // Find the closest node to the cursor
+    let closest_node = if let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos {
+        map.graph
+            .nodes()
+            .map(|node| node.position.distance(cursor_world_pos))
+            .enumerate()
+            .min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Less))
+            .map(|(id, _)| id)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };

-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::GREEN);
-            for (collider, position) in colliders.iter() {
+    canvas.set_draw_color(Color::GREEN);
+    {
+        let rects = colliders
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(collider, position)| {
                let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph).unwrap();

                // Transform position and size using common methods
-                let pos = (pos * scale).as_ivec2();
-                let size = (collider.size * scale) as u32;
+                let pos = (pos * constants::LARGE_SCALE).as_ivec2();
+                let size = (collider.size * constants::LARGE_SCALE) as u32;

-                let rect = Rect::from_center(Point::from((pos.x, pos.y)), size, size);
-                debug_canvas.draw_rect(rect).unwrap();
-            }
+                Rect::from_center(Point::from((pos.x, pos.y)), size, size)
+            })
+            .collect::<SmallVec<[Rect; 100]>>();
+        if rects.len() > rects.capacity() {
+            warn!(
+                capacity = rects.capacity(),
+                count = rects.len(),
+                "Collider rects capacity exceeded"
+            );
+        }
+        canvas.draw_rects(&rects).unwrap();
+    }

-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color {
-                a: f32_to_u8(0.4),
-                ..Color::RED
-            });
-            debug_canvas.set_blend_mode(sdl2::render::BlendMode::Blend);
-            for (start_node, end_node) in map.graph.edges() {
-                let start_node_model = map.graph.get_node(start_node).unwrap();
-                let end_node = map.graph.get_node(end_node.target).unwrap().position;
+    canvas.set_draw_color(Color {
+        a: f32_to_u8(0.65),
+        ..Color::RED
+    });
+    canvas.set_blend_mode(sdl2::render::BlendMode::Blend);

-                // Transform positions using common method
-                let start = transform_position_with_offset(start_node_model.position, scale);
-                let end = transform_position_with_offset(end_node, scale);
+    // Use cached batched line segments
+    batched_lines.render(canvas);

-                debug_canvas
-                    .draw_line(Point::from((start.x, start.y)), Point::from((end.x, end.y)))
-                    .unwrap();
-            }
+    {
+        let rects: Vec<_> = map
+            .graph
+            .nodes()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter_map(|(id, node)| {
+                let pos = transform_position_with_offset(node.position, constants::LARGE_SCALE);
+                let size = (2.0 * constants::LARGE_SCALE) as u32;
+                let rect = Rect::new(pos.x - (size as i32 / 2), pos.y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size);

-            for (id, node) in map.graph.nodes().enumerate() {
-                let pos = node.position;
+                // If the node is the one closest to the cursor, draw it immediately
+                if closest_node == Some(id) {
+                    canvas.set_draw_color(Color::YELLOW);
+                    canvas.fill_rect(rect).unwrap();
+                    return None;
+                }

-                // Set color based on whether the node is the closest to the cursor
-                debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color {
-                    a: f32_to_u8(if Some(id) == closest_node { 0.75 } else { 0.6 }),
-                    ..(if Some(id) == closest_node {
-                        Color::YELLOW
-                    } else {
-                        Color::BLUE
-                    })
-                });
+                Some(rect)
+            })
+            .collect();

-                // Transform position using common method
-                let pos = transform_position_with_offset(pos, scale);
-                let size = (2.0 * scale) as u32;
+        if rects.len() > rects.capacity() {
+            warn!(
+                capacity = rects.capacity(),
+                count = rects.len(),
+                "Node rects capacity exceeded"
+            );
+        }

-                debug_canvas
-                    .fill_rect(Rect::new(pos.x - (size as i32 / 2), pos.y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size))
-                    .unwrap();
-            }
+        // Draw the non-closest nodes all at once in blue
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLUE);
+        canvas.fill_rects(&rects).unwrap();
+    }

-            // Render node ID if a node is highlighted
-            if let Some(closest_node_id) = closest_node {
-                let node = map.graph.get_node(closest_node_id).unwrap();
-                let pos = transform_position_with_offset(node.position, scale);
+    // Render node ID if a node is highlighted
+    if let Some(closest_node_id) = closest_node {
+        let node = map.graph.get_node(closest_node_id as NodeId).unwrap();
+        let pos = transform_position_with_offset(node.position, constants::LARGE_SCALE);

-                let surface = font
-                    .render(&closest_node_id.to_string())
-                    .blended(Color {
-                        a: f32_to_u8(0.4),
-                        ..Color::WHITE
-                    })
-                    .unwrap();
-                let texture = texture_creator.create_texture_from_surface(&surface).unwrap();
-                let dest = Rect::new(pos.x + 10, pos.y - 5, texture.query().width, texture.query().height);
-                debug_canvas.copy(&texture, None, dest).unwrap();
-            }
+        let node_id_text = closest_node_id.to_string();
+        let text_pos = Vec2::new((pos.x + 10) as f32, (pos.y - 5) as f32);

-            // Render timing information in the top-left corner
-            render_timing_display(debug_canvas, &mut texture_creator, &timings, font);
-        })
-        .unwrap();
+        text_renderer
+            .render_text(
+                canvas,
+                &mut ttf_atlas.0,
+                &node_id_text,
+                text_pos,
+                Color {
+                    a: f32_to_u8(0.9),
+                    ..Color::WHITE
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    // Render timing information in the top-left corner
+    // Use previous tick since current tick is incomplete (frame is still running)
+    let current_tick = timing.get_current_tick();
+    let previous_tick = current_tick.saturating_sub(1);
+    render_timing_display(canvas, timings, previous_tick, &text_renderer, &mut ttf_atlas.0);
 }
--- a/src/systems/ghost.rs
+++ b/src/systems/ghost.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-use crate::systems::components::Frozen;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::platform;
+use crate::systems::{DirectionalAnimation, Frozen, LinearAnimation, Looping};
 use crate::{
    map::{
        builder::Map,
@@ -6,17 +9,186 @@ use crate::{
        graph::{Edge, TraversalFlags},
    },
    systems::{
-        components::{DeltaTime, Ghost},
+        components::DeltaTime,
        movement::{Position, Velocity},
    },
 };
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
+use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
+use tracing::{debug, trace, warn};
+
 use bevy_ecs::query::Without;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
-use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, Query, Res};
 use rand::seq::IndexedRandom;
-use rand::SeedableRng;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;

+/// Tag component for Pac-Man during his death animation.
+/// This is mainly because the Frozen tag would stop both movement and animation, while the Dying tag can signal that the animation should continue despite being frozen.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Dying;
+
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Ghost {
+    Blinky,
+    Pinky,
+    Inky,
+    Clyde,
+}
+
+impl Ghost {
+    /// Returns the ghost type name for atlas lookups.
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Ghost::Blinky => "blinky",
+            Ghost::Pinky => "pinky",
+            Ghost::Inky => "inky",
+            Ghost::Clyde => "clyde",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the base movement speed for this ghost type.
+    pub fn base_speed(self) -> f32 {
+        match self {
+            Ghost::Blinky => 1.0,
+            Ghost::Pinky => 0.95,
+            Ghost::Inky => 0.9,
+            Ghost::Clyde => 0.85,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum GhostState {
+    /// Normal ghost behavior - chasing Pac-Man
+    Normal,
+    /// Frightened state after power pellet - ghost can be eaten
+    Frightened {
+        remaining_ticks: u32,
+        flash: bool,
+        remaining_flash_ticks: u32,
+    },
+    /// Eyes state - ghost has been eaten and is returning to ghost house
+    Eyes,
+}
+
+impl GhostState {
+    /// Creates a new frightened state with the specified duration
+    pub fn new_frightened(total_ticks: u32, flash_start_ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self::Frightened {
+            remaining_ticks: total_ticks,
+            flash: false,
+            remaining_flash_ticks: flash_start_ticks, // Time until flashing starts
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ticks the ghost state, returning true if the state changed.
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) -> bool {
+        if let GhostState::Frightened {
+            remaining_ticks,
+            flash,
+            remaining_flash_ticks,
+        } = self
+        {
+            // Transition out of frightened state
+            if *remaining_ticks == 0 {
+                *self = GhostState::Normal;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            *remaining_ticks -= 1;
+
+            if *remaining_flash_ticks > 0 {
+                *remaining_flash_ticks = remaining_flash_ticks.saturating_sub(1);
+                if *remaining_flash_ticks == 0 {
+                    *flash = true;
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    false
+                }
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the appropriate animation state for this ghost state
+    pub fn animation_state(&self) -> GhostAnimation {
+        match self {
+            GhostState::Normal => GhostAnimation::Normal,
+            GhostState::Eyes => GhostAnimation::Eyes,
+            GhostState::Frightened { flash: false, .. } => GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: false },
+            GhostState::Frightened { flash: true, .. } => GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: true },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Enumeration of different ghost animation states.
+/// Note that this is used in micromap which has a fixed size based on the number of variants,
+/// so extending this should be done with caution, and will require updating the micromap's capacity.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum GhostAnimation {
+    /// Normal ghost appearance with directional movement animations
+    Normal,
+    /// Blue ghost appearance when vulnerable (power pellet active)
+    Frightened { flash: bool },
+    /// Eyes-only animation when ghost has been consumed by Pac-Man (Eaten state)
+    Eyes,
+}
+
+/// Global resource containing pre-loaded animation sets for all ghost types.
+///
+/// This resource is initialized once during game startup and provides O(1) access
+/// to animation sets for each ghost type. The animation system uses this resource
+/// to efficiently switch between different ghost states without runtime asset loading.
+///
+/// The HashMap is keyed by `Ghost` enum variants (Blinky, Pinky, Inky, Clyde) and
+/// contains the normal directional animation for each ghost type.
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct GhostAnimations {
+    pub normal: HashMap<Ghost, DirectionalAnimation>,
+    pub eyes: DirectionalAnimation,
+    pub frightened: LinearAnimation,
+    pub frightened_flashing: LinearAnimation,
+}
+
+impl GhostAnimations {
+    /// Creates a new GhostAnimations resource with the provided data.
+    pub fn new(
+        normal: HashMap<Ghost, DirectionalAnimation>,
+        eyes: DirectionalAnimation,
+        frightened: LinearAnimation,
+        frightened_flashing: LinearAnimation,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            normal,
+            eyes,
+            frightened,
+            frightened_flashing,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the normal directional animation for the specified ghost type.
+    pub fn get_normal(&self, ghost_type: &Ghost) -> Option<&DirectionalAnimation> {
+        self.normal.get(ghost_type)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the eyes animation (shared across all ghosts).
+    pub fn eyes(&self) -> &DirectionalAnimation {
+        &self.eyes
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the frightened animations (shared across all ghosts).
+    pub fn frightened(&self, flash: bool) -> &LinearAnimation {
+        if flash {
+            &self.frightened_flashing
+        } else {
+            &self.frightened
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Autonomous ghost AI system implementing randomized movement with backtracking avoidance.
 pub fn ghost_movement_system(
    map: Res<Map>,
@@ -24,11 +196,11 @@ pub fn ghost_movement_system(
    mut ghosts: Query<(&Ghost, &mut Velocity, &mut Position), Without<Frozen>>,
 ) {
    for (_ghost, mut velocity, mut position) in ghosts.iter_mut() {
-        let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+        let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.seconds;
        loop {
            match *position {
                Position::Stopped { node: current_node } => {
-                    let intersection = &map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node];
+                    let intersection = &map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node as usize];
                    let opposite = velocity.direction.opposite();

                    let mut non_opposite_options: SmallVec<[Edge; 3]> = SmallVec::new();
@@ -42,12 +214,14 @@ pub fn ghost_movement_system(

                    let new_edge: Edge = if non_opposite_options.is_empty() {
                        if let Some(edge) = intersection.get(opposite) {
+                            trace!(node = current_node, ghost = ?_ghost, direction = ?opposite, "Ghost forced to reverse direction");
                            edge
                        } else {
+                            warn!(node = current_node, ghost = ?_ghost, "Ghost stuck with no available directions");
                            break;
                        }
                    } else {
-                        *non_opposite_options.choose(&mut SmallRng::from_os_rng()).unwrap()
+                        *non_opposite_options.choose(&mut platform::rng()).unwrap()
                    };

                    velocity.direction = new_edge.direction;
@@ -68,3 +242,161 @@ pub fn ghost_movement_system(
        }
    }
 }
+
+/// System that handles eaten ghost behavior and respawn logic.
+///
+/// When a ghost is eaten by Pac-Man, it enters an "eaten" state where:
+/// 1. It displays eyes-only animation
+/// 2. It moves directly back to the ghost house at increased speed
+/// 3. Once it reaches the ghost house center, it respawns as a normal ghost
+///
+/// This system runs after the main movement system to override eaten ghost movement.
+pub fn eaten_ghost_system(
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut eaten_ghosts: Query<(&Ghost, &mut Position, &mut Velocity, &mut GhostState), Without<Frozen>>,
+) {
+    for (ghost_type, mut position, mut velocity, mut ghost_state) in eaten_ghosts.iter_mut() {
+        // Only process ghosts that are in Eyes state
+        if !matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Eyes) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Set higher speed for eaten ghosts returning to ghost house
+        let original_speed = velocity.speed;
+        velocity.speed = ghost_type.base_speed() * 2.0; // Move twice as fast when eaten
+
+        // Calculate direction towards ghost house center (using Clyde's start position)
+        let ghost_house_center = map.start_positions.clyde;
+
+        match *position {
+            Position::Stopped { node: current_node } => {
+                // Find path to ghost house center and start moving
+                if let Some(direction) = find_direction_to_target(&map, current_node, ghost_house_center) {
+                    velocity.direction = direction;
+                    *position = Position::Moving {
+                        from: current_node,
+                        to: map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node as usize].get(direction).unwrap().target,
+                        remaining_distance: map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node as usize]
+                            .get(direction)
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .distance,
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            Position::Moving { to, .. } => {
+                let distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.seconds;
+                if let Some(_overflow) = position.tick(distance) {
+                    // Reached target node, check if we're at ghost house center
+                    if to == ghost_house_center {
+                        // Respawn the ghost - set state back to normal
+                        debug!(ghost = ?ghost_type, "Eaten ghost reached ghost house, respawning as normal");
+                        *ghost_state = GhostState::Normal;
+                        // Reset to stopped at ghost house center
+                        *position = Position::Stopped {
+                            node: ghost_house_center,
+                        };
+                    } else {
+                        // Continue pathfinding to ghost house
+                        if let Some(next_direction) = find_direction_to_target(&map, to, ghost_house_center) {
+                            velocity.direction = next_direction;
+                            *position = Position::Moving {
+                                from: to,
+                                to: map.graph.adjacency_list[to as usize].get(next_direction).unwrap().target,
+                                remaining_distance: map.graph.adjacency_list[to as usize].get(next_direction).unwrap().distance,
+                            };
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Restore original speed
+        velocity.speed = original_speed;
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper function to find the direction from a node towards a target node.
+/// Uses simple greedy pathfinding - prefers straight lines when possible.
+fn find_direction_to_target(
+    map: &Map,
+    from_node: crate::systems::movement::NodeId,
+    target_node: crate::systems::movement::NodeId,
+) -> Option<Direction> {
+    let from_pos = map.graph.get_node(from_node).unwrap().position;
+    let target_pos = map.graph.get_node(target_node).unwrap().position;
+
+    let dx = target_pos.x as i32 - from_pos.x as i32;
+    let dy = target_pos.y as i32 - from_pos.y as i32;
+
+    // Prefer horizontal movement first, then vertical
+    let preferred_dirs = if dx.abs() > dy.abs() {
+        if dx > 0 {
+            [Direction::Right, Direction::Up, Direction::Down, Direction::Left]
+        } else {
+            [Direction::Left, Direction::Up, Direction::Down, Direction::Right]
+        }
+    } else if dy > 0 {
+        [Direction::Down, Direction::Left, Direction::Right, Direction::Up]
+    } else {
+        [Direction::Up, Direction::Left, Direction::Right, Direction::Down]
+    };
+
+    // Return first available direction towards target
+    for direction in preferred_dirs {
+        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.adjacency_list[from_node as usize].get(direction) {
+            if edge.traversal_flags.contains(TraversalFlags::GHOST) {
+                return Some(direction);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+/// Component to track the last animation state for efficient change detection
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LastAnimationState(pub GhostAnimation);
+
+/// Unified system that manages ghost state transitions and animations with component swapping
+pub fn ghost_state_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    animations: Res<GhostAnimations>,
+    mut ghosts: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &Ghost, &mut GhostState, &mut LastAnimationState)>,
+) {
+    for (entity, ghost_type, mut ghost_state, mut last_animation_state) in ghosts.iter_mut() {
+        // Tick the ghost state to handle internal transitions (like flashing)
+        let _ = ghost_state.tick();
+
+        // Only update animation if the animation state actually changed
+        let current_animation_state = ghost_state.animation_state();
+        if last_animation_state.0 != current_animation_state {
+            trace!(ghost = ?ghost_type, old_state = ?last_animation_state.0, new_state = ?current_animation_state, "Ghost animation state changed");
+            match current_animation_state {
+                GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash } => {
+                    // Remove DirectionalAnimation, add LinearAnimation with Looping component
+                    commands
+                        .entity(entity)
+                        .remove::<DirectionalAnimation>()
+                        .insert(animations.frightened(flash).clone())
+                        .insert(Looping);
+                }
+                GhostAnimation::Normal => {
+                    // Remove LinearAnimation and Looping, add DirectionalAnimation
+                    commands
+                        .entity(entity)
+                        .remove::<(LinearAnimation, Looping)>()
+                        .insert(animations.get_normal(ghost_type).unwrap().clone());
+                }
+                GhostAnimation::Eyes => {
+                    // Remove LinearAnimation and Looping, add DirectionalAnimation (eyes animation)
+                    trace!(ghost = ?ghost_type, "Switching to eyes animation for eaten ghost");
+                    commands
+                        .entity(entity)
+                        .remove::<(LinearAnimation, Looping)>()
+                        .insert(animations.eyes().clone());
+                }
+            }
+            last_animation_state.0 = current_animation_state;
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/hud/fruits.rs
+++ b/src/systems/hud/fruits.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use crate::systems::item::FruitType;
+use crate::texture::sprites::GameSprite;
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
+use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct FruitInHud {
+    pub index: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default)]
+pub struct FruitSprites(pub Vec<FruitType>);
+
+use crate::constants::{BOARD_BOTTOM_PIXEL_OFFSET, CANVAS_SIZE, CELL_SIZE};
+use crate::error::GameError;
+use crate::systems::{PixelPosition, Renderable};
+use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
+use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
+use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, NonSendMut, Query, Res};
+use glam::Vec2;
+
+/// Calculates the pixel position for a fruit sprite based on its index
+fn calculate_fruit_sprite_position(index: u32) -> Vec2 {
+    let start_x = CANVAS_SIZE.x - CELL_SIZE * 2; // 2 cells from right
+    let start_y = CANVAS_SIZE.y - BOARD_BOTTOM_PIXEL_OFFSET.y + (CELL_SIZE / 2) + 1; // In bottom area
+    let sprite_spacing = CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE / 2; // 1.5 cells between sprites
+
+    let x = start_x - ((index as f32) * (sprite_spacing as f32 * 1.5)).round() as u32;
+    let y = start_y - CELL_SIZE / 2;
+
+    Vec2::new((x - CELL_SIZE) as f32, (y + CELL_SIZE) as f32)
+}
+
+/// System that manages fruit sprite entities in the HUD.
+/// Spawns and despawns fruit sprite entities based on changes to FruitSprites resource.
+/// Displays up to 6 fruits, sorted by value.
+pub fn fruit_sprite_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
+    current_fruit_sprites: Query<(Entity, &FruitInHud)>,
+    fruit_sprites: Res<FruitSprites>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    // We only want to display the greatest 6 fruits
+    let fruits_to_display: Vec<_> = fruit_sprites.0.iter().rev().take(6).collect();
+
+    let mut current_sprites: Vec<_> = current_fruit_sprites.iter().collect();
+    current_sprites.sort_by_key(|(_, fruit)| fruit.index);
+
+    // Despawn all current sprites. We will respawn them.
+    // This is simpler than trying to match them up.
+    for (entity, _) in &current_sprites {
+        commands.entity(*entity).despawn();
+    }
+
+    for (i, fruit_type) in fruits_to_display.iter().enumerate() {
+        let fruit_sprite = match atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Fruit(**fruit_type).to_path()) {
+            Ok(sprite) => sprite,
+            Err(e) => {
+                errors.write(e.into());
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let position = calculate_fruit_sprite_position(i as u32);
+
+        commands.spawn((
+            FruitInHud { index: i as u32 },
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: fruit_sprite,
+                layer: 255, // High layer to render on top
+            },
+            PixelPosition {
+                pixel_position: position,
+            },
+        ));
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/hud/lives.rs
+++ b/src/systems/hud/lives.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+use crate::constants::{BOARD_BOTTOM_PIXEL_OFFSET, CANVAS_SIZE, CELL_SIZE};
+use crate::error::GameError;
+use crate::map::direction::Direction;
+use crate::systems::{PixelPosition, PlayerLife, PlayerLives, Renderable};
+use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
+use crate::texture::sprites::{GameSprite, PacmanSprite};
+use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
+use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, NonSendMut, Query, Res};
+use glam::Vec2;
+
+/// Calculates the pixel position for a life sprite based on its index
+fn calculate_life_sprite_position(index: u32) -> Vec2 {
+    let start_x = CELL_SIZE * 2; // 2 cells from left
+    let start_y = CANVAS_SIZE.y - BOARD_BOTTOM_PIXEL_OFFSET.y + (CELL_SIZE / 2) + 1; // In bottom area
+    let sprite_spacing = CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE / 2; // 1.5 cells between sprites
+
+    let x = start_x + ((index as f32) * (sprite_spacing as f32 * 1.5)).round() as u32;
+    let y = start_y - CELL_SIZE / 2;
+
+    Vec2::new((x + CELL_SIZE) as f32, (y + CELL_SIZE) as f32)
+}
+
+/// System that manages player life sprite entities.
+/// Spawns and despawns life sprite entities based on changes to PlayerLives resource.
+/// Each life sprite is positioned based on its index (0, 1, 2, etc. from left to right).
+pub fn player_life_sprite_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
+    current_life_sprites: Query<(Entity, &PlayerLife)>,
+    player_lives: Res<PlayerLives>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    let displayed_lives = player_lives.0.saturating_sub(1);
+
+    // Get current life sprite entities, sorted by index
+    let mut current_sprites: Vec<_> = current_life_sprites.iter().collect();
+    current_sprites.sort_by_key(|(_, life)| life.index);
+    let current_count = current_sprites.len() as u8;
+
+    // Calculate the difference
+    let diff = (displayed_lives as i8) - (current_count as i8);
+
+    match diff.cmp(&0) {
+        // Ignore when the number of lives displayed is correct
+        Ordering::Equal => {}
+        // Spawn new life sprites
+        Ordering::Greater => {
+            let life_sprite = match atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Left, 1)).to_path()) {
+                Ok(sprite) => sprite,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    errors.write(e.into());
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+
+            for i in 0..diff {
+                let position = calculate_life_sprite_position(i as u32);
+
+                commands.spawn((
+                    PlayerLife { index: i as u32 },
+                    Renderable {
+                        sprite: life_sprite,
+                        layer: 255, // High layer to render on top
+                    },
+                    PixelPosition {
+                        pixel_position: position,
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        // Remove excess life sprites (highest indices first)
+        Ordering::Less => {
+            let to_remove = diff.unsigned_abs();
+            let sprites_to_remove: Vec<_> = current_sprites
+                .iter()
+                .rev() // Start from highest index
+                .take(to_remove as usize)
+                .map(|(entity, _)| *entity)
+                .collect();
+
+            for entity in sprites_to_remove {
+                commands.entity(entity).despawn();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/hud/mod.rs
+++ b/src/systems/hud/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pub mod fruits;
+pub mod lives;
+pub mod score;
+pub mod touch;
+
+pub use self::fruits::*;
+pub use self::lives::*;
+pub use self::score::*;
+pub use self::touch::*;
--- a/src/systems/hud/score.rs
+++ b/src/systems/hud/score.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+use crate::constants;
+use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
+use crate::systems::{BackbufferResource, GameStage, ScoreResource, StartupSequence};
+use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
+use crate::texture::text::TextTexture;
+use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Res};
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::render::Canvas;
+use sdl2::video::Window;
+
+/// Renders the HUD (score, lives, etc.) on top of the game.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn hud_render_system(
+    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
+    score: Res<ScoreResource>,
+    stage: Res<GameStage>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    let _ = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |canvas| {
+        let mut text_renderer = TextTexture::new(1.0);
+
+        // Render lives and high score text in white
+        let lives_text = "1UP   HIGH SCORE   ";
+        let lives_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * 3, 2); // x_offset + lives_offset * 8, y_offset
+
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, lives_text, lives_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render lives text: {}", e)).into());
+        }
+
+        // Render score text
+        let score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
+        let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
+        let score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
+
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &score_text, score_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render score text: {}", e)).into());
+        }
+
+        // Render high score text
+        let high_score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
+        let high_score_offset = 17 - (high_score_text.len() as i32);
+        let high_score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * high_score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &high_score_text, high_score_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render high score text: {}", e)).into());
+        }
+
+        // Render GAME OVER text
+        if matches!(*stage, GameStage::GameOver) {
+            let game_over_text = "GAME  OVER";
+            let game_over_width = text_renderer.text_width(game_over_text);
+            let game_over_position = glam::UVec2::new((constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x - game_over_width) / 2, 160);
+            if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, game_over_text, game_over_position, Color::RED) {
+                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render GAME OVER text: {}", e)).into());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Render text based on StartupSequence stage
+        if matches!(
+            *stage,
+            GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. })
+                | GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. })
+        ) {
+            let ready_text = "READY!";
+            let ready_width = text_renderer.text_width(ready_text);
+            let ready_position = glam::UVec2::new((constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x - ready_width) / 2, 160);
+            if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, ready_text, ready_position, Color::YELLOW) {
+                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render READY text: {}", e)).into());
+            }
+
+            if matches!(*stage, GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. })) {
+                let player_one_text = "PLAYER ONE";
+                let player_one_width = text_renderer.text_width(player_one_text);
+                let player_one_position = glam::UVec2::new((constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x - player_one_width) / 2, 113);
+
+                if let Err(e) =
+                    text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, player_one_text, player_one_position, Color::CYAN)
+                {
+                    errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render PLAYER ONE text: {}", e)).into());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
--- a/src/systems/hud/touch.rs
+++ b/src/systems/hud/touch.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
+use crate::systems::{BackbufferResource, TouchState};
+use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Res};
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::rect::Point;
+use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas};
+use sdl2::video::Window;
+
+/// Renders touch UI overlay for mobile/testing.
+pub fn touch_ui_render_system(
+    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    touch_state: Res<TouchState>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    if let Some(ref touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+        let _ = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |canvas| {
+            // Set blend mode for transparency
+            canvas.set_blend_mode(BlendMode::Blend);
+
+            // Draw semi-transparent circle at touch start position
+            canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(255, 255, 255, 100));
+            let center = Point::new(touch_data.start_pos.x as i32, touch_data.start_pos.y as i32);
+
+            // Draw a simple circle by drawing filled rectangles (basic approach)
+            let radius = 30;
+            for dy in -radius..=radius {
+                for dx in -radius..=radius {
+                    if dx * dx + dy * dy <= radius * radius {
+                        let point = Point::new(center.x + dx, center.y + dy);
+                        if let Err(e) = canvas.draw_point(point) {
+                            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Touch UI render error: {}", e)).into());
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Draw direction indicator if we have a direction
+            if let Some(direction) = touch_data.current_direction {
+                canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 255, 0, 150));
+
+                // Draw arrow indicating direction
+                let arrow_length = 40;
+                let (dx, dy) = match direction {
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Up => (0, -arrow_length),
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Down => (0, arrow_length),
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Left => (-arrow_length, 0),
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Right => (arrow_length, 0),
+                };
+
+                let end_point = Point::new(center.x + dx, center.y + dy);
+                if let Err(e) = canvas.draw_line(center, end_point) {
+                    errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Touch arrow render error: {}", e)).into());
+                }
+
+                // Draw arrowhead (simple approach)
+                let arrow_size = 8;
+                match direction {
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Up => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                    }
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Down => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                    }
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Left => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                    }
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Right => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/input.rs
+++ b/src/systems/input.rs
@@ -6,14 +6,25 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
    system::{NonSendMut, Res, ResMut},
 };
 use glam::Vec2;
-use sdl2::{event::Event, keyboard::Keycode, EventPump};
+use sdl2::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    keyboard::Keycode,
+    EventPump,
+};
+use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};

-use crate::systems::components::DeltaTime;
+use crate::systems::DeltaTime;
 use crate::{
    events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
    map::direction::Direction,
 };

+// Touch input constants
+pub const TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD: f32 = 10.0;
+pub const TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD: f32 = 1.0;
+pub const MAX_TOUCH_MOVEMENT_SPEED: f32 = 100.0;
+pub const TOUCH_EASING_FACTOR: f32 = 1.5;
+
 #[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum CursorPosition {
    #[default]
@@ -24,6 +35,30 @@ pub enum CursorPosition {
    },
 }

+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TouchState {
+    pub active_touch: Option<TouchData>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TouchData {
+    pub finger_id: i64,
+    pub start_pos: Vec2,
+    pub current_pos: Vec2,
+    pub current_direction: Option<Direction>,
+}
+
+impl TouchData {
+    pub fn new(finger_id: i64, start_pos: Vec2) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            finger_id,
+            start_pos,
+            current_pos: start_pos,
+            current_direction: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Bindings {
    key_bindings: HashMap<Keycode, GameCommand>,
@@ -50,8 +85,14 @@ impl Default for Bindings {
        key_bindings.insert(Keycode::Space, GameCommand::ToggleDebug);
        key_bindings.insert(Keycode::M, GameCommand::MuteAudio);
        key_bindings.insert(Keycode::R, GameCommand::ResetLevel);
-        key_bindings.insert(Keycode::Escape, GameCommand::Exit);
-        key_bindings.insert(Keycode::Q, GameCommand::Exit);
+
+        #[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+        {
+            key_bindings.insert(Keycode::Escape, GameCommand::Exit);
+            key_bindings.insert(Keycode::Q, GameCommand::Exit);
+            // Desktop-only fullscreen toggle
+            key_bindings.insert(Keycode::F, GameCommand::ToggleFullscreen);
+        }

        let movement_keys = HashSet::from([
            Keycode::W,
@@ -124,19 +165,69 @@ pub fn process_simple_key_events(bindings: &mut Bindings, frame_events: &[Simple
    emitted_events
 }

+/// Calculates the primary direction from a 2D vector delta
+pub fn calculate_direction_from_delta(delta: Vec2) -> Direction {
+    if delta.x.abs() > delta.y.abs() {
+        if delta.x > 0.0 {
+            Direction::Right
+        } else {
+            Direction::Left
+        }
+    } else if delta.y > 0.0 {
+        Direction::Down
+    } else {
+        Direction::Up
+    }
+}
+
+/// Updates the touch reference position with easing
+///
+/// This slowly moves the start_pos towards the current_pos, with the speed
+/// decreasing as the distance gets smaller. The maximum movement speed is capped.
+/// Returns the delta vector and its length for reuse by the caller.
+pub fn update_touch_reference_position(touch_data: &mut TouchData, delta_time: f32) -> (Vec2, f32) {
+    // Calculate the vector from start to current position
+    let delta = touch_data.current_pos - touch_data.start_pos;
+    let distance = delta.length();
+
+    // If there's no significant distance, nothing to do
+    if distance < TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD {
+        return (delta, distance);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate speed based on distance (slower as it gets closer)
+    // The easing function creates a curve where movement slows down as it approaches the target
+    let speed = (distance / TOUCH_EASING_FACTOR).min(MAX_TOUCH_MOVEMENT_SPEED);
+
+    // Calculate movement distance for this frame
+    let movement_amount = speed * delta_time;
+
+    // If the movement would overshoot, just set to target
+    if movement_amount >= distance {
+        touch_data.start_pos = touch_data.current_pos;
+    } else {
+        // Use direct vector scaling instead of normalization
+        let scale_factor = movement_amount / distance;
+        touch_data.start_pos += delta * scale_factor;
+    }
+
+    (delta, distance)
+}
+
 pub fn input_system(
    delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
    mut bindings: ResMut<Bindings>,
    mut writer: EventWriter<GameEvent>,
-    mut pump: NonSendMut<&'static mut EventPump>,
+    mut pump: NonSendMut<EventPump>,
    mut cursor: ResMut<CursorPosition>,
+    mut touch_state: ResMut<TouchState>,
 ) {
    let mut cursor_seen = false;
    // Collect all events for this frame.
-    let frame_events: Vec<Event> = pump.poll_iter().collect();
+    let frame_events: SmallVec<[Event; 3]> = pump.poll_iter().collect();

    // Handle non-keyboard events inline and build a simplified keyboard event stream.
-    let mut simple_key_events = Vec::new();
+    let mut simple_key_events: SmallVec<[SimpleKeyEvent; 3]> = smallvec![];
    for event in &frame_events {
        match *event {
            Event::Quit { .. } => {
@@ -148,22 +239,70 @@ pub fn input_system(
                    remaining_time: 0.20,
                };
                cursor_seen = true;
+
+                // Handle mouse motion as touch motion for desktop testing
+                if let Some(ref mut touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+                    touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
+                }
            }
-            Event::KeyDown {
-                keycode: Some(key),
-                repeat: false,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(key));
+            // Handle mouse events as touch for desktop testing
+            Event::MouseButtonDown { x, y, .. } => {
+                let pos = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
+                touch_state.active_touch = Some(TouchData::new(0, pos)); // Use ID 0 for mouse
            }
-            Event::KeyUp {
-                keycode: Some(key),
-                repeat: false,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(key));
+            Event::MouseButtonUp { .. } => {
+                touch_state.active_touch = None;
+            }
+            // Handle actual touch events for mobile
+            Event::FingerDown { finger_id, x, y, .. } => {
+                // Convert normalized coordinates (0.0-1.0) to screen coordinates
+                let screen_x = x * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x as f32;
+                let screen_y = y * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.y as f32;
+                let pos = Vec2::new(screen_x, screen_y);
+                touch_state.active_touch = Some(TouchData::new(finger_id, pos));
+            }
+            Event::FingerMotion { finger_id, x, y, .. } => {
+                if let Some(ref mut touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+                    if touch_data.finger_id == finger_id {
+                        let screen_x = x * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x as f32;
+                        let screen_y = y * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.y as f32;
+                        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(screen_x, screen_y);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Event::FingerUp { finger_id, .. } => {
+                if let Some(ref touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+                    if touch_data.finger_id == finger_id {
+                        touch_state.active_touch = None;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Event::KeyDown { keycode, repeat, .. } => {
+                if let Some(key) = keycode {
+                    if repeat {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(key));
+                }
+            }
+            Event::KeyUp { keycode, repeat, .. } => {
+                if let Some(key) = keycode {
+                    if repeat {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(key));
+                }
+            }
+            Event::Window { win_event, .. } => {
+                if let WindowEvent::Resized(w, h) = win_event {
+                    tracing::info!(width = w, height = h, event = ?win_event, "Window Resized");
+                }
+            }
+            // Despite disabling this event, it's still received, so we ignore it explicitly.
+            Event::RenderTargetsReset { .. } => {}
+            _ => {
+                tracing::warn!(event = ?event, "Unhandled Event");
            }
-            _ => {}
        }
    }

@@ -173,8 +312,27 @@ pub fn input_system(
        writer.write(event);
    }

+    // Update touch reference position with easing
+    if let Some(ref mut touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+        // Apply easing to the reference position and get the delta for direction calculation
+        let (delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(touch_data, delta_time.seconds);
+
+        // Check for direction based on updated reference position
+        if distance >= TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD {
+            let direction = calculate_direction_from_delta(delta);
+
+            // Only send command if direction has changed
+            if touch_data.current_direction != Some(direction) {
+                touch_data.current_direction = Some(direction);
+                writer.write(GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction)));
+            }
+        } else if touch_data.current_direction.is_some() {
+            touch_data.current_direction = None;
+        }
+    }
+
    if let (false, CursorPosition::Some { remaining_time, .. }) = (cursor_seen, &mut *cursor) {
-        *remaining_time -= delta_time.0;
+        *remaining_time -= delta_time.seconds;
        if *remaining_time <= 0.0 {
            *cursor = CursorPosition::None;
        }
--- a/src/systems/item.rs
+++ b/src/systems/item.rs
@@ -1,73 +1,137 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{
-    entity::Entity,
-    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
-    query::With,
-    system::{Commands, Query, ResMut},
+    event::Event,
+    observer::Trigger,
+    system::{Commands, NonSendMut, Res},
 };
+use strum_macros::IntoStaticStr;
+use tracing::debug;

 use crate::{
-    events::GameEvent,
-    systems::{AudioEvent, EntityType, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, ScoreResource, Vulnerable},
+    constants,
+    map::builder::Map,
+    systems::{common::bundles::ItemBundle, Collider, Position, Renderable, TimeToLive},
+    texture::{
+        sprite::SpriteAtlas,
+        sprites::{EffectSprite, GameSprite},
+    },
 };

-/// Determines if a collision between two entity types should be handled by the item system.
-///
-/// Returns `true` if one entity is a player and the other is a collectible item.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn is_valid_item_collision(entity1: EntityType, entity2: EntityType) -> bool {
-    match (entity1, entity2) {
-        (EntityType::Player, entity) | (entity, EntityType::Player) => entity.is_collectible(),
-        _ => false,
+use crate::{systems::common::components::EntityType, systems::ItemCollider};
+
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+/// Tracks the number of pellets consumed by the player for fruit spawning mechanics.
+#[derive(bevy_ecs::resource::Resource, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct PelletCount(pub u32);
+
+/// Represents the different fruit sprites that can appear as bonus items.
+#[derive(IntoStaticStr, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[strum(serialize_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum FruitType {
+    Cherry,
+    Strawberry,
+    Orange,
+    Apple,
+    Melon,
+    Galaxian,
+    Bell,
+    Key,
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for FruitType {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
 }

-pub fn item_system(
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    mut collision_events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
-    mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
-    pacman_query: Query<Entity, With<PacmanCollider>>,
-    item_query: Query<(Entity, &EntityType), With<ItemCollider>>,
-    ghost_query: Query<Entity, With<GhostCollider>>,
-    mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
-) {
-    for event in collision_events.read() {
-        if let GameEvent::Collision(entity1, entity2) = event {
-            // Check if one is Pacman and the other is an item
-            let (_pacman_entity, item_entity) = if pacman_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() && item_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() {
-                (*entity1, *entity2)
-            } else if pacman_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() && item_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() {
-                (*entity2, *entity1)
-            } else {
-                continue;
-            };
+impl Ord for FruitType {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        (self.score_value()).cmp(&other.score_value())
+    }
+}

-            // Get the item type and update score
-            if let Ok((item_ent, entity_type)) = item_query.get(item_entity) {
-                if let Some(score_value) = entity_type.score_value() {
-                    score.0 += score_value;
+impl FruitType {
+    /// Returns the score value for this fruit type.
+    pub fn score_value(self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            FruitType::Cherry => 100,
+            FruitType::Strawberry => 300,
+            FruitType::Orange => 500,
+            FruitType::Apple => 700,
+            FruitType::Melon => 1000,
+            FruitType::Galaxian => 2000,
+            FruitType::Bell => 3000,
+            FruitType::Key => 5000,
+        }
+    }

-                    // Remove the collected item
-                    commands.entity(item_ent).despawn();
-
-                    // Trigger audio if appropriate
-                    if entity_type.is_collectible() {
-                        events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
-                    }
-
-                    // Make ghosts vulnerable when power pellet is collected
-                    if *entity_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
-                        // Convert seconds to frames (assumes 60 FPS)
-                        let total_ticks = 60 * 5;
-
-                        // Add Vulnerable component to all ghosts
-                        for ghost_entity in ghost_query.iter() {
-                            commands.entity(ghost_entity).insert(Vulnerable {
-                                remaining_ticks: total_ticks,
-                            });
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+    pub fn from_index(index: u8) -> Self {
+        match index {
+            0 => FruitType::Cherry,
+            1 => FruitType::Strawberry,
+            2 => FruitType::Orange,
+            3 => FruitType::Apple,
+            4 => FruitType::Melon,
+            5 => FruitType::Galaxian,
+            6 => FruitType::Bell,
+            7 => FruitType::Key,
+            _ => panic!("Invalid fruit index: {}", index),
        }
    }
 }
+
+/// Trigger to spawn a fruit
+#[derive(Event, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum SpawnTrigger {
+    Fruit,
+    Bonus { position: Position, value: u32, ttl: u32 },
+}
+
+pub fn spawn_fruit_observer(
+    trigger: Trigger<SpawnTrigger>,
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
+    map: Res<Map>,
+) {
+    let entity = match *trigger {
+        SpawnTrigger::Fruit => {
+            // Use cherry sprite as the default fruit (first fruit in original Pac-Man)
+            let sprite = &atlas
+                .get_tile(&GameSprite::Fruit(FruitType::from_index(0)).to_path())
+                .unwrap();
+            let bundle = ItemBundle {
+                position: map.start_positions.fruit_spawn,
+                sprite: Renderable {
+                    sprite: *sprite,
+                    layer: 1,
+                },
+                entity_type: EntityType::Fruit(FruitType::Cherry),
+                collider: Collider {
+                    size: constants::collider::FRUIT_SIZE,
+                },
+                item_collider: ItemCollider,
+            };
+
+            commands.spawn(bundle)
+        }
+        SpawnTrigger::Bonus { position, value, ttl } => {
+            let sprite = &atlas
+                .get_tile(&GameSprite::Effect(EffectSprite::Bonus(value)).to_path())
+                .unwrap();
+
+            let bundle = (
+                position,
+                TimeToLive::new(ttl),
+                Renderable {
+                    sprite: *sprite,
+                    layer: 1,
+                },
+                EntityType::Effect,
+            );
+
+            commands.spawn(bundle)
+        }
+    };
+
+    debug!(entity = ?entity.id(), "Entity spawned via trigger");
+}
--- a/src/systems/lifetime.rs
+++ b/src/systems/lifetime.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    component::Component,
+    entity::Entity,
+    system::{Commands, Query, Res},
+};
+
+use crate::systems::DeltaTime;
+
+/// Component for entities that should be automatically deleted after a certain number of ticks
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct TimeToLive {
+    pub remaining_ticks: u32,
+}
+
+impl TimeToLive {
+    pub fn new(ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self { remaining_ticks: ticks }
+    }
+}
+
+/// System that manages entities with TimeToLive components, decrementing their remaining ticks
+/// and despawning them when they expire
+pub fn time_to_live_system(mut commands: Commands, dt: Res<DeltaTime>, mut query: Query<(Entity, &mut TimeToLive)>) {
+    for (entity, mut ttl) in query.iter_mut() {
+        if ttl.remaining_ticks <= dt.ticks {
+            // Entity has expired, despawn it
+            commands.entity(entity).despawn();
+        } else {
+            // Decrement remaining time
+            ttl.remaining_ticks = ttl.remaining_ticks.saturating_sub(dt.ticks);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/mod.rs
+++ b/src/systems/mod.rs
@@ -1,34 +1,41 @@
-//! The Entity-Component-System (ECS) module.
-//!
-//! This module contains all the ECS-related logic, including components, systems,
-//! and resources.
+//! This module contains all the systems in the game.

+// These modules are excluded from coverage.
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 pub mod audio;
-pub mod blinking;
-pub mod collision;
-pub mod components;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
 pub mod debug;
-pub mod ghost;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+pub mod profiling;
+#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
+pub mod render;
+
+mod animation;
+mod collision;
+pub mod common;
+mod ghost;
+mod hud;
 pub mod input;
 pub mod item;
+pub mod lifetime;
 pub mod movement;
 pub mod player;
-pub mod profiling;
-pub mod render;
-pub mod stage;
-pub mod vulnerable;
+pub mod state;

+// Re-export all the modules. Do not fine-tune the exports.
+
+pub use self::animation::*;
 pub use self::audio::*;
-pub use self::blinking::*;
 pub use self::collision::*;
-pub use self::components::*;
+pub use self::common::*;
 pub use self::debug::*;
 pub use self::ghost::*;
+pub use self::hud::*;
 pub use self::input::*;
 pub use self::item::*;
+pub use self::lifetime::*;
 pub use self::movement::*;
 pub use self::player::*;
 pub use self::profiling::*;
 pub use self::render::*;
-pub use self::stage::*;
-pub use self::vulnerable::*;
+pub use self::state::*;
--- a/src/systems/movement.rs
+++ b/src/systems/movement.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use glam::Vec2;
 ///
 /// Nodes represent discrete movement targets in the maze. The index directly corresponds to the node's position in the
 /// graph's internal storage arrays.
-pub type NodeId = usize;
+pub type NodeId = u16;

 /// A component that represents the speed and cardinal direction of an entity.
 /// Speed is static, only applied when the entity has an edge to traverse.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl Position {
        let pos = match &self {
            Position::Stopped { node } => {
                // Entity is stationary at a node
-                let node = graph.get_node(*node).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*node))?;
+                let node = graph.get_node(*node).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*node as usize))?;
                node.position
            }
            Position::Moving {
@@ -66,11 +66,12 @@ impl Position {
                remaining_distance,
            } => {
                // Entity is traveling between nodes
-                let from_node = graph.get_node(*from).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*from))?;
-                let to_node = graph.get_node(*to).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*to))?;
-                let edge = graph
-                    .find_edge(*from, *to)
-                    .ok_or(EntityError::EdgeNotFound { from: *from, to: *to })?;
+                let from_node = graph.get_node(*from).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*from as usize))?;
+                let to_node = graph.get_node(*to).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*to as usize))?;
+                let edge = graph.find_edge(*from, *to).ok_or(EntityError::EdgeNotFound {
+                    from: *from as usize,
+                    to: *to as usize,
+                })?;

                // For zero-distance edges (tunnels), progress >= 1.0 means we're at the target
                if edge.distance == 0.0 {
--- a/src/systems/player.rs
+++ b/src/systems/player.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{
-    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
+    component::Component,
+    event::EventReader,
    query::{With, Without},
-    system::{Query, Res, ResMut},
+    system::{Query, Res, ResMut, Single},
 };
+use tracing::trace;

 use crate::{
-    error::GameError,
    events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
    map::{builder::Map, graph::Edge},
    systems::{
-        components::{DeltaTime, EntityType, Frozen, GlobalState, MovementModifiers, PlayerControlled},
+        components::{DeltaTime, EntityType, Frozen, GlobalState, MovementModifiers},
        debug::DebugState,
        movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
        AudioState,
    },
 };

+/// A tag component for entities that are controlled by the player.
+#[derive(Default, Component)]
+pub struct PlayerControlled;
+
 pub fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
    let entity_flags = entity_type.traversal_flags();
    edge.traversal_flags.contains(entity_flags)
@@ -27,48 +32,40 @@ pub fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
 /// toggling, audio muting, and game exit requests. Movement commands are buffered
 /// to allow direction changes before reaching intersections, improving gameplay
 /// responsiveness. Non-movement commands immediately modify global game state.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn player_control_system(
    mut events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
    mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>,
    mut debug_state: ResMut<DebugState>,
    mut audio_state: ResMut<AudioState>,
-    mut players: Query<&mut BufferedDirection, (With<PlayerControlled>, Without<Frozen>)>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+    mut player: Option<Single<&mut BufferedDirection, (With<PlayerControlled>, Without<Frozen>)>>,
 ) {
    // Handle events
    for event in events.read() {
-        if let GameEvent::Command(command) = event {
-            match command {
-                GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
-                    // Get the player's movable component (ensuring there is only one player)
-                    let mut buffered_direction = match players.single_mut() {
-                        Ok(tuple) => tuple,
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
-                                "No/multiple entities queried for player system: {}",
-                                e
-                            )));
-                            return;
-                        }
-                    };
+        let GameEvent::Command(command) = event;

-                    *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::Some {
+        match command {
+            GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
+                // Only handle movement if there's an unfrozen player
+                if let Some(player_single) = player.as_mut() {
+                    trace!(direction = ?*direction, "Player direction buffered for movement");
+                    ***player_single = BufferedDirection::Some {
                        direction: *direction,
                        remaining_time: 0.25,
                    };
                }
-                GameCommand::Exit => {
-                    state.exit = true;
-                }
-                GameCommand::ToggleDebug => {
-                    debug_state.enabled = !debug_state.enabled;
-                }
-                GameCommand::MuteAudio => {
-                    audio_state.muted = !audio_state.muted;
-                    tracing::info!("Audio {}", if audio_state.muted { "muted" } else { "unmuted" });
-                }
-                _ => {}
            }
+            GameCommand::Exit => {
+                state.exit = true;
+            }
+            GameCommand::ToggleDebug => {
+                debug_state.enabled = !debug_state.enabled;
+            }
+            GameCommand::MuteAudio => {
+                audio_state.muted = !audio_state.muted;
+                tracing::info!("Audio {}", if audio_state.muted { "muted" } else { "unmuted" });
+            }
+            _ => {}
        }
    }
 }
@@ -86,6 +83,7 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
        (&MovementModifiers, &mut Position, &mut Velocity, &mut BufferedDirection),
        (With<PlayerControlled>, Without<Frozen>),
    >,
+    mut last_stopped_node: bevy_ecs::system::Local<Option<crate::systems::movement::NodeId>>,
 ) {
    for (modifiers, mut position, mut velocity, mut buffered_direction) in entities.iter_mut() {
        // Decrement the buffered direction remaining time
@@ -95,16 +93,17 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
        } = *buffered_direction
        {
            if remaining_time <= 0.0 {
+                trace!("Buffered direction expired");
                *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::None;
            } else {
                *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::Some {
                    direction,
-                    remaining_time: remaining_time - delta_time.0,
+                    remaining_time: remaining_time - delta_time.seconds,
                };
            }
        }

-        let mut distance = velocity.speed * modifiers.speed_multiplier * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+        let mut distance = velocity.speed * modifiers.speed_multiplier * 60.0 * delta_time.seconds;

        loop {
            match *position {
@@ -115,6 +114,8 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
                        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.current_node(), direction) {
                            // If there is an edge in that direction (and it's traversable), start moving towards it and consume the buffered direction.
                            if can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge) {
+                                trace!(from = position.current_node(), to = edge.target, direction = ?direction, "Player started moving using buffered direction");
+                                *last_stopped_node = None; // Reset stopped state when starting to move
                                velocity.direction = edge.direction;
                                *position = Position::Moving {
                                    from: position.current_node(),
@@ -129,6 +130,8 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
                    // If there is no buffered direction (or it's not yet valid), continue in the current direction.
                    if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.current_node(), velocity.direction) {
                        if can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge) {
+                            trace!(from = position.current_node(), to = edge.target, direction = ?velocity.direction, "Player continued in current direction");
+                            *last_stopped_node = None; // Reset stopped state when starting to move
                            velocity.direction = edge.direction;
                            *position = Position::Moving {
                                from: position.current_node(),
@@ -138,6 +141,11 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
                        }
                    } else {
                        // No edge in our current direction either, erase the buffered direction and stop.
+                        let current_node = position.current_node();
+                        if *last_stopped_node != Some(current_node) {
+                            trace!(node = current_node, direction = ?velocity.direction, "Player stopped - no valid edge in current direction");
+                            *last_stopped_node = Some(current_node);
+                        }
                        *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::None;
                        break;
                    }
@@ -155,14 +163,23 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
 }

 /// Applies tunnel slowdown based on the current node tile
-pub fn player_tunnel_slowdown_system(map: Res<Map>, mut q: Query<(&Position, &mut MovementModifiers), With<PlayerControlled>>) {
-    if let Ok((position, mut modifiers)) = q.single_mut() {
-        let node = position.current_node();
-        let in_tunnel = map
-            .tile_at_node(node)
-            .map(|t| t == crate::constants::MapTile::Tunnel)
-            .unwrap_or(false);
-        modifiers.tunnel_slowdown_active = in_tunnel;
-        modifiers.speed_multiplier = if in_tunnel { 0.6 } else { 1.0 };
+pub fn player_tunnel_slowdown_system(map: Res<Map>, player: Single<(&Position, &mut MovementModifiers), With<PlayerControlled>>) {
+    let (position, mut modifiers) = player.into_inner();
+    let node = position.current_node();
+    let in_tunnel = map
+        .tile_at_node(node)
+        .map(|t| t == crate::constants::MapTile::Tunnel)
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+    if modifiers.tunnel_slowdown_active != in_tunnel {
+        trace!(
+            node,
+            in_tunnel,
+            speed_multiplier = if in_tunnel { 0.6 } else { 1.0 },
+            "Player tunnel slowdown state changed"
+        );
    }
+
+    modifiers.tunnel_slowdown_active = in_tunnel;
+    modifiers.speed_multiplier = if in_tunnel { 0.6 } else { 1.0 };
 }
--- a/src/systems/profiling.rs
+++ b/src/systems/profiling.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 use bevy_ecs::system::IntoSystem;
 use bevy_ecs::{resource::Resource, system::System};
 use circular_buffer::CircularBuffer;
-use micromap::Map;
 use num_width::NumberWidth;
-use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::time::Duration;
-use strum::EnumCount;
-use strum_macros::{EnumCount, IntoStaticStr};
+use strum::{EnumCount, IntoEnumIterator};
+use strum_macros::{EnumCount, EnumIter, IntoStaticStr};
 use thousands::Separable;

 /// The maximum number of systems that can be profiled. Must not be exceeded, or it will panic.
@@ -16,8 +16,132 @@ const MAX_SYSTEMS: usize = SystemId::COUNT;
 /// The number of durations to keep in the circular buffer.
 const TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 30;

-#[derive(EnumCount, IntoStaticStr, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Copy, Clone)]
+/// A timing buffer that tracks durations and automatically inserts zero durations for skipped ticks.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TimingBuffer {
+    /// Circular buffer storing timing durations
+    buffer: CircularBuffer<TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE, Duration>,
+    /// The last tick when this buffer was updated
+    last_tick: u64,
+}
+
+impl TimingBuffer {
+    /// Adds a timing duration for the current tick.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `current_tick` is less than `last_tick`, indicating time went backwards.
+    pub fn add_timing(&mut self, duration: Duration, current_tick: u64) {
+        if current_tick < self.last_tick {
+            panic!(
+                "Time went backwards: current_tick ({}) < last_tick ({})",
+                current_tick, self.last_tick
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Insert zero durations for any skipped ticks (but not the current tick)
+        if current_tick > self.last_tick {
+            let skipped_ticks = current_tick - self.last_tick - 1;
+            for _ in 0..skipped_ticks {
+                self.buffer.push_back(Duration::ZERO);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add the actual timing
+        self.buffer.push_back(duration);
+        self.last_tick = current_tick;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the most recent timing from the buffer.
+    pub fn get_most_recent_timing(&self) -> Duration {
+        self.buffer.back().copied().unwrap_or(Duration::ZERO)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets statistics for this timing buffer.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `current_tick` is less than `last_tick`, indicating time went backwards.
+    pub fn get_stats(&mut self, current_tick: u64) -> (Duration, Duration) {
+        // Insert zero durations for any skipped ticks since last update (but not the current tick)
+        if current_tick > self.last_tick {
+            let skipped_ticks = current_tick - self.last_tick - 1;
+            for _ in 0..skipped_ticks {
+                self.buffer.push_back(Duration::ZERO);
+            }
+            self.last_tick = current_tick;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate statistics using Welford's algorithm
+        let mut sample_count = 0u16;
+        let mut running_mean = 0.0;
+        let mut sum_squared_diff = 0.0;
+
+        let skip = self.last_tick.saturating_sub(current_tick);
+        for duration in self.buffer.iter().skip(skip as usize) {
+            let duration_secs = duration.as_secs_f32();
+            sample_count += 1;
+
+            let diff_from_mean = duration_secs - running_mean;
+            running_mean += diff_from_mean / sample_count as f32;
+
+            let diff_from_new_mean = duration_secs - running_mean;
+            sum_squared_diff += diff_from_mean * diff_from_new_mean;
+        }
+
+        if sample_count > 0 {
+            let variance = if sample_count > 1 {
+                sum_squared_diff / (sample_count - 1) as f32
+            } else {
+                0.0
+            };
+
+            (
+                Duration::from_secs_f32(running_mean),
+                Duration::from_secs_f32(variance.sqrt()),
+            )
+        } else {
+            (Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A resource that tracks the current game tick using an atomic counter.
+/// This ensures thread-safe access to the tick counter across systems.
+#[derive(Resource, Debug)]
+pub struct Timing {
+    /// Atomic counter for the current game tick
+    current_tick: AtomicU64,
+}
+
+impl Timing {
+    /// Creates a new Timing resource starting at tick 0
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            current_tick: AtomicU64::new(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the current tick value
+    pub fn get_current_tick(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.current_tick.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    /// Increments the tick counter and returns the new value
+    pub fn increment_tick(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.current_tick.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) + 1
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Timing {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(EnumCount, EnumIter, IntoStaticStr, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum SystemId {
+    Total,
    Input,
    PlayerControls,
    Ghost,
@@ -25,6 +149,7 @@ pub enum SystemId {
    Audio,
    Blinking,
    DirectionalRender,
+    LinearRender,
    DirtyRender,
    HudRender,
    Render,
@@ -35,131 +160,154 @@ pub enum SystemId {
    PlayerMovement,
    GhostCollision,
    Stage,
+    GhostStateAnimation,
+    EatenGhost,
+    TimeToLive,
 }

 impl Display for SystemId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        // Use strum_macros::IntoStaticStr to get the static string
        write!(f, "{}", Into::<&'static str>::into(self).to_ascii_lowercase())
    }
 }

-#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug)]
+#[derive(Resource, Debug)]
 pub struct SystemTimings {
-    /// Map of system names to a queue of durations, using a circular buffer.
-    ///
-    /// Uses a RwLock to allow multiple readers for the HashMap, and a Mutex on the circular buffer for exclusive access.
-    /// This is probably overkill, but it's fun to play with.
-    ///
-    /// Also, we use a micromap::Map as the number of systems is generally quite small.
-    /// Just make sure to set the capacity appropriately, or it will panic.
-    pub timings: RwLock<Map<SystemId, Mutex<CircularBuffer<TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE, Duration>>, MAX_SYSTEMS>>,
+    /// Statically sized map of system names to timing buffers.
+    pub timings: micromap::Map<SystemId, Mutex<TimingBuffer>, MAX_SYSTEMS>,
+}
+
+impl Default for SystemTimings {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let mut timings = micromap::Map::new();
+
+        // Pre-populate with all SystemId variants to avoid runtime allocations
+        for id in SystemId::iter() {
+            timings.insert(id, Mutex::new(TimingBuffer::default()));
+        }
+
+        Self { timings }
+    }
 }

 impl SystemTimings {
-    pub fn add_timing(&self, id: SystemId, duration: Duration) {
-        // acquire a upgradable read lock
-        let mut timings = self.timings.upgradable_read();
-
-        // happy path, the name is already in the map (no need to mutate the hashmap)
-        if timings.contains_key(&id) {
-            let queue = timings
-                .get(&id)
-                .expect("System name not found in map after contains_key check");
-            let mut queue = queue.lock();
-
-            queue.push_back(duration);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // otherwise, acquire a write lock and insert a new queue
-        timings.with_upgraded(|timings| {
-            let queue = timings.entry(id).or_insert_with(|| Mutex::new(CircularBuffer::new()));
-            queue.lock().push_back(duration);
-        });
+    pub fn add_timing(&self, id: SystemId, duration: Duration, current_tick: u64) {
+        // Since all SystemId variants are pre-populated, we can use a simple read lock
+        let buffer = self
+            .timings
+            .get(&id)
+            .expect("SystemId not found in pre-populated map - this is a bug");
+        buffer.lock().add_timing(duration, current_tick);
    }

-    pub fn get_stats(&self) -> Map<SystemId, (Duration, Duration), MAX_SYSTEMS> {
-        let timings = self.timings.read();
-        let mut stats = Map::new();
+    /// Add timing for the Total system (total frame time including scheduler.run)
+    pub fn add_total_timing(&self, duration: Duration, current_tick: u64) {
+        self.add_timing(SystemId::Total, duration, current_tick);
+    }

-        for (id, queue) in timings.iter() {
-            if queue.lock().is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
+    pub fn get_stats(&self, current_tick: u64) -> micromap::Map<SystemId, (Duration, Duration), MAX_SYSTEMS> {
+        let mut stats = micromap::Map::new();

-            let durations: Vec<f64> = queue.lock().iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0).collect();
-            let count = durations.len() as f64;
+        // Iterate over all SystemId variants to ensure every system has an entry
+        for id in SystemId::iter() {
+            let buffer = self
+                .timings
+                .get(&id)
+                .expect("SystemId not found in pre-populated map - this is a bug");

-            let sum: f64 = durations.iter().sum();
-            let mean = sum / count;
-
-            let variance = durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
-            let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
-
-            stats.insert(
-                *id,
-                (
-                    Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
-                    Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
-                ),
-            );
+            let (average, standard_deviation) = buffer.lock().get_stats(current_tick);
+            stats.insert(id, (average, standard_deviation));
        }

        stats
    }

-    pub fn get_total_stats(&self) -> (Duration, Duration) {
-        let timings = self.timings.read();
-        let mut all_durations = Vec::new();
+    pub fn format_timing_display(&self, current_tick: u64) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
+        let stats = self.get_stats(current_tick);

-        for queue in timings.values() {
-            all_durations.extend(queue.lock().iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0));
-        }
-
-        if all_durations.is_empty() {
-            return (Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO);
-        }
-
-        let count = all_durations.len() as f64;
-        let sum: f64 = all_durations.iter().sum();
-        let mean = sum / count;
-
-        let variance = all_durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
-        let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
-
-        (
-            Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
-            Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn format_timing_display(&self) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
-        let stats = self.get_stats();
-        let (total_avg, total_std) = self.get_total_stats();
+        // Get the Total system metrics instead of averaging all systems
+        let (total_avg, total_std) = stats
+            .get(&SystemId::Total)
+            .copied()
+            .unwrap_or((Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO));

        let effective_fps = match 1.0 / total_avg.as_secs_f64() {
-            f if f > 100.0 => (f as u32).separate_with_commas(),
+            f if f > 100.0 => format!("{:>5} FPS", (f as u32).separate_with_commas()),
            f if f < 10.0 => format!("{:.1} FPS", f),
-            f => format!("{:.0} FPS", f),
+            f => format!("{:5.0} FPS", f),
        };

        // Collect timing data for formatting
-        let mut timing_data = Vec::new();
+        let mut timing_data = vec![(effective_fps, total_avg, total_std)];

-        // Add total stats
-        timing_data.push((effective_fps, total_avg, total_std));
-
-        // Add top 5 most expensive systems
-        let mut sorted_stats: Vec<_> = stats.iter().collect();
+        // Sort the stats by average duration, excluding the Total system
+        let mut sorted_stats: Vec<_> = stats.iter().filter(|(id, _)| **id != SystemId::Total).collect();
        sorted_stats.sort_by(|a, b| b.1 .0.cmp(&a.1 .0));

-        for (name, (avg, std_dev)) in sorted_stats.iter().take(5) {
+        // Add the top 7 most expensive systems (excluding Total)
+        for (name, (avg, std_dev)) in sorted_stats.iter().take(9) {
            timing_data.push((name.to_string(), *avg, *std_dev));
        }

        // Use the formatting module to format the data
        format_timing_display(timing_data)
    }
+
+    /// Returns a list of systems with their timings, likely responsible for slow frame timings.
+    ///
+    /// First, checks if any systems took longer than 2ms on the most recent tick.
+    /// If none exceed 2ms, accumulates systems until the top 30% of total timing
+    /// is reached, stopping at 5 systems maximum.
+    ///
+    /// Returns tuples of (SystemId, Duration) in a SmallVec capped at 5 items.
+    pub fn get_slowest_systems(&self) -> SmallVec<[(SystemId, Duration); 5]> {
+        let mut system_timings: Vec<(SystemId, Duration)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut total_duration = Duration::ZERO;
+
+        // Collect most recent timing for each system (excluding Total)
+        for id in SystemId::iter() {
+            if id == SystemId::Total {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if let Some(buffer) = self.timings.get(&id) {
+                let recent_timing = buffer.lock().get_most_recent_timing();
+                system_timings.push((id, recent_timing));
+                total_duration += recent_timing;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Sort by duration (highest first)
+        system_timings.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.cmp(&a.1));
+
+        // Check for systems over 2ms threshold
+        let over_threshold: SmallVec<[(SystemId, Duration); 5]> = system_timings
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, duration)| duration.as_millis() >= 2)
+            .copied()
+            .collect();
+
+        if !over_threshold.is_empty() {
+            return over_threshold;
+        }
+
+        // Accumulate top systems until 30% of total is reached (max 5 systems)
+        let threshold = total_duration.as_nanos() as f64 * 0.3;
+        let mut accumulated = 0u128;
+        let mut result = SmallVec::new();
+
+        for (id, duration) in system_timings.iter().take(5) {
+            result.push((*id, *duration));
+            accumulated += duration.as_nanos();
+
+            if accumulated as f64 >= threshold {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        result
+    }
 }

 pub fn profile<S, M>(id: SystemId, system: S) -> impl FnMut(&mut bevy_ecs::world::World)
@@ -178,8 +326,9 @@ where
        system.run((), world);
        let duration = start.elapsed();

-        if let Some(timings) = world.get_resource::<SystemTimings>() {
-            timings.add_timing(id, duration);
+        if let (Some(timings), Some(timing)) = (world.get_resource::<SystemTimings>(), world.get_resource::<Timing>()) {
+            let current_tick = timing.get_current_tick();
+            timings.add_timing(id, duration, current_tick);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -251,17 +400,22 @@ pub fn format_timing_display(
        })
        .collect::<SmallVec<[Entry; 12]>>();

-    let (max_name_width, max_avg_int_width, max_avg_decimal_width, max_std_int_width, max_std_decimal_width) = entries
-        .iter()
-        .fold((0, 0, 3, 0, 3), |(name_w, avg_int_w, avg_dec_w, std_int_w, std_dec_w), e| {
-            (
-                name_w.max(e.name.len()),
-                avg_int_w.max(e.avg_int.width() as usize),
-                avg_dec_w.max(e.avg_decimal.width() as usize),
-                std_int_w.max(e.std_int.width() as usize),
-                std_dec_w.max(e.std_decimal.width() as usize),
-            )
-        });
+    let (max_avg_int_width, max_avg_decimal_width, max_std_int_width, max_std_decimal_width) =
+        entries
+            .iter()
+            .fold((0, 3, 0, 3), |(avg_int_w, avg_dec_w, std_int_w, std_dec_w), e| {
+                (
+                    avg_int_w.max(e.avg_int.width() as usize),
+                    avg_dec_w.max(e.avg_decimal.width() as usize),
+                    std_int_w.max(e.std_int.width() as usize),
+                    std_dec_w.max(e.std_decimal.width() as usize),
+                )
+            });
+
+    let max_name_width = SystemId::iter()
+        .map(|id| id.to_string().len())
+        .max()
+        .expect("SystemId::iter() returned an empty iterator");

    entries.iter().map(|e| {
            format!(
--- a/src/systems/render.rs
+++ b/src/systems/render.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,31 @@
-use crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
 use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
 use crate::systems::{
-    DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, Position, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence,
-    Velocity,
+    debug_render_system, BatchedLinesResource, Collider, CursorPosition, DebugState, DebugTextureResource, Position, SystemId,
+    SystemTimings, TtfAtlasResource,
 };
-use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
-use crate::texture::text::TextTexture;
+use crate::texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas};
 use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
 use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
-use bevy_ecs::query::{Changed, Or, Without};
+use bevy_ecs::query::{Changed, Or, With};
 use bevy_ecs::removal_detection::RemovedComponents;
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
 use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res, ResMut};
-use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use glam::Vec2;
 use sdl2::rect::{Point, Rect};
 use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas, Texture};
 use sdl2::video::Window;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+/// A component for entities that have a sprite, with a layer for ordering.
+///
+/// This is intended to be modified by other entities allowing animation.
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Renderable {
+    pub sprite: AtlasTile,
+    pub layer: u8,
+}

 #[derive(Resource, Default)]
 pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
@@ -25,171 +33,253 @@ pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
 #[derive(Component)]
 pub struct Hidden;

+/// A component that controls entity visibility in the render system.
+///
+/// Entities without this component are considered visible by default.
+/// This allows for efficient rendering where only entities that need
+/// visibility control have this component.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Visibility(pub bool);
+
+impl Default for Visibility {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(true) // Default to visible
+    }
+}
+
+impl Visibility {
+    /// Creates a visible Visibility component
+    pub fn visible() -> Self {
+        Self(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a hidden Visibility component
+    pub fn hidden() -> Self {
+        Self(false)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the entity is visible
+    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the entity is hidden
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // Used in tests
+    pub fn is_hidden(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Makes the entity visible
+    pub fn show(&mut self) {
+        self.0 = true;
+    }
+
+    /// Toggles the visibility state
+    pub fn toggle(&mut self) {
+        self.0 = !self.0;
+    }
+}
+
+/// Enum to identify which texture is being rendered to in the combined render system
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+enum RenderTarget {
+    Backbuffer,
+    Debug,
+}
+
 #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn dirty_render_system(
    mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
-    changed: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>)>>,
-    removed_hidden: RemovedComponents<Hidden>,
+    changed: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>, Changed<Visibility>)>>,
    removed_renderables: RemovedComponents<Renderable>,
 ) {
-    if !changed.is_empty() || !removed_hidden.is_empty() || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
+    if changed.iter().count() > 0 || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
        dirty.0 = true;
    }
 }

-/// Updates the directional animated texture of an entity.
-///
-/// This runs before the render system so it can update the sprite based on the current direction of travel, as well as whether the entity is moving.
-pub fn directional_render_system(
-    dt: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut renderables: Query<(&Position, &Velocity, &mut DirectionalAnimated, &mut Renderable)>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
-) {
-    for (position, velocity, mut texture, mut renderable) in renderables.iter_mut() {
-        let stopped = matches!(position, Position::Stopped { .. });
-        let current_direction = velocity.direction;
+/// Component for Renderables to store an exact pixel position
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct PixelPosition {
+    pub pixel_position: Vec2,
+}

-        let texture = if stopped {
-            texture.stopped_textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+/// A non-send resource for the map texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
+pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture);
+
+/// A non-send resource for the backbuffer texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
+pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture);
+
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn render_system(
+    canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
+    map_texture: &NonSendMut<MapTextureResource>,
+    atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
+    map: &Res<Map>,
+    dirty: &Res<RenderDirty>,
+    renderables: &Query<
+        (
+            Entity,
+            &Renderable,
+            Option<&Position>,
+            Option<&PixelPosition>,
+            Option<&Visibility>,
+        ),
+        Or<(With<Position>, With<PixelPosition>)>,
+    >,
+    errors: &mut EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    if !dirty.0 {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Clear the backbuffer
+    canvas.set_draw_color(sdl2::pixels::Color::BLACK);
+    canvas.clear();
+
+    // Copy the pre-rendered map texture to the backbuffer
+    if let Err(e) = canvas.copy(&map_texture.0, None, None) {
+        errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+    }
+
+    // Collect and filter visible entities, then sort by layer
+    let mut visible_entities: Vec<_> = renderables
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|(_, _, _, _, visibility)| visibility.copied().unwrap_or_default().is_visible())
+        .collect();
+
+    visible_entities.sort_by_key(|(_, renderable, _, _, _)| renderable.layer);
+    visible_entities.reverse();
+
+    // Render all visible entities to the backbuffer
+    for (_entity, renderable, position, pixel_position, _visibility) in visible_entities {
+        let pos = if let Some(position) = position {
+            position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph)
        } else {
-            texture.textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+            Ok(pixel_position
+                .expect("Pixel position should be present via query filtering, but got None on both")
+                .pixel_position)
        };

-        if let Some(texture) = texture {
-            if !stopped {
-                texture.tick(dt.0);
+        match pos {
+            Ok(pos) => {
+                let dest = Rect::from_center(
+                    Point::from((pos.x as i32, pos.y as i32)),
+                    renderable.sprite.size.x as u32,
+                    renderable.sprite.size.y as u32,
+                );
+
+                renderable
+                    .sprite
+                    .render(canvas, atlas, dest)
+                    .err()
+                    .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
            }
-            let new_tile = *texture.current_tile();
-            if renderable.sprite != new_tile {
-                renderable.sprite = new_tile;
+            Err(e) => {
+                errors.write(e);
            }
-        } else {
-            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed("Entity has no texture".to_string()).into());
-            continue;
        }
    }
 }

-/// A non-send resource for the map texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
-pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
-
-/// A non-send resource for the backbuffer texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
-pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture<'static>);
-
-/// Renders the HUD (score, lives, etc.) on top of the game.
-pub fn hud_render_system(
-    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
-    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
-    mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
-    score: Res<ScoreResource>,
-    startup: Res<StartupSequence>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
-) {
-    let _ = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |canvas| {
-        let mut text_renderer = TextTexture::new(1.0);
-
-        // Render lives and high score text in white
-        let lives = 3; // TODO: Get from actual lives resource
-        let lives_text = format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   ");
-        let lives_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * 3, 2); // x_offset + lives_offset * 8, y_offset
-
-        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &lives_text, lives_position) {
-            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render lives text: {}", e)).into());
-        }
-
-        // Render score text in yellow (Pac-Man's color)
-        let score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
-        let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
-        let score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
-
-        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &score_text, score_position) {
-            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render score text: {}", e)).into());
-        }
-
-        // Render text based on StartupSequence stage
-        if matches!(
-            *startup,
-            StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. } | StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }
-        ) {
-            let ready_text = "READY!";
-            let ready_width = text_renderer.text_width(ready_text);
-            let ready_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - ready_width) / 2, 160);
-            if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, ready_text, ready_position, Color::YELLOW) {
-                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render READY text: {}", e)).into());
-            }
-
-            if matches!(*startup, StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }) {
-                let player_one_text = "PLAYER ONE";
-                let player_one_width = text_renderer.text_width(player_one_text);
-                let player_one_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - player_one_width) / 2, 113);
-
-                if let Err(e) =
-                    text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, player_one_text, player_one_position, Color::CYAN)
-                {
-                    errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render PLAYER ONE text: {}", e)).into());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    });
-}
-
+/// Combined render system that renders to both backbuffer and debug textures in a single
+/// with_multiple_texture_canvas call for reduced overhead
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-pub fn render_system(
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn combined_render_system(
    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
    map_texture: NonSendMut<MapTextureResource>,
    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
    mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
+    mut ttf_atlas: NonSendMut<TtfAtlasResource>,
+    batched_lines: Res<BatchedLinesResource>,
+    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+    timings: Res<SystemTimings>,
+    timing: Res<crate::systems::profiling::Timing>,
    map: Res<Map>,
    dirty: Res<RenderDirty>,
-    renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), Without<Hidden>>,
+    renderables: Query<
+        (
+            Entity,
+            &Renderable,
+            Option<&Position>,
+            Option<&PixelPosition>,
+            Option<&Visibility>,
+        ),
+        Or<(With<Position>, With<PixelPosition>)>,
+    >,
+    colliders: Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
+    cursor: Res<CursorPosition>,
    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
    if !dirty.0 {
        return;
    }
-    // Render to backbuffer
-    canvas
-        .with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |backbuffer_canvas| {
-            // Clear the backbuffer
-            backbuffer_canvas.set_draw_color(sdl2::pixels::Color::BLACK);
-            backbuffer_canvas.clear();

-            // Copy the pre-rendered map texture to the backbuffer
-            if let Err(e) = backbuffer_canvas.copy(&map_texture.0, None, None) {
-                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+    // Prepare textures and render targets
+    let textures = [
+        (&mut backbuffer.0, RenderTarget::Backbuffer),
+        (&mut debug_texture.0, RenderTarget::Debug),
+    ];
+
+    // Record timing for each system independently
+    let mut render_duration = None;
+    let mut debug_render_duration = None;
+
+    let result = canvas.with_multiple_texture_canvas(textures.iter(), |texture_canvas, render_target| match render_target {
+        RenderTarget::Backbuffer => {
+            let start_time = Instant::now();
+
+            render_system(
+                texture_canvas,
+                &map_texture,
+                &mut atlas,
+                &map,
+                &dirty,
+                &renderables,
+                &mut errors,
+            );
+
+            render_duration = Some(start_time.elapsed());
+        }
+        RenderTarget::Debug => {
+            if !debug_state.enabled {
+                return;
            }

-            // Render all entities to the backbuffer
-            for (_, renderable, position) in renderables
-                .iter()
-                .sort_by_key::<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), _>(|(_, renderable, _)| renderable.layer)
-                .rev()
-            {
-                let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph);
-                match pos {
-                    Ok(pos) => {
-                        let dest = Rect::from_center(
-                            Point::from((pos.x as i32, pos.y as i32)),
-                            renderable.sprite.size.x as u32,
-                            renderable.sprite.size.y as u32,
-                        );
+            let start_time = Instant::now();

-                        renderable
-                            .sprite
-                            .render(backbuffer_canvas, &mut atlas, dest)
-                            .err()
-                            .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        errors.write(e);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        })
-        .err()
-        .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
+            debug_render_system(
+                texture_canvas,
+                &mut ttf_atlas,
+                &batched_lines,
+                &debug_state,
+                &timings,
+                &timing,
+                &map,
+                &colliders,
+                &cursor,
+            );

-    canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+            debug_render_duration = Some(start_time.elapsed());
+        }
+    });
+
+    if let Err(e) = result {
+        errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+    }
+
+    // Record timings for each system independently
+    let current_tick = timing.get_current_tick();
+
+    if let Some(duration) = render_duration {
+        timings.add_timing(SystemId::Render, duration, current_tick);
+    }
+    if let Some(duration) = debug_render_duration {
+        timings.add_timing(SystemId::DebugRender, duration, current_tick);
+    }
 }

 pub fn present_system(
--- a/src/systems/stage.rs
+++ b/src/systems/stage.rs
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{
-    entity::Entity,
-    query::With,
-    resource::Resource,
-    system::{Commands, Query, ResMut},
-};
-use tracing::debug;
-
-use crate::systems::{Blinking, Frozen, GhostCollider, Hidden, PlayerControlled};
-
-#[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum StartupSequence {
-    /// Stage 1: Text-only stage
-    /// - Player & ghosts are hidden
-    /// - READY! and PLAYER ONE text are shown
-    /// - Energizers do not blink
-    TextOnly {
-        /// Remaining ticks in this stage
-        remaining_ticks: u32,
-    },
-    /// Stage 2: Characters visible stage
-    /// - PLAYER ONE text is hidden, READY! text remains
-    /// - Ghosts and Pac-Man are now shown
-    CharactersVisible {
-        /// Remaining ticks in this stage
-        remaining_ticks: u32,
-    },
-    /// Stage 3: Game begins
-    /// - Final state, game is fully active
-    GameActive,
-}
-
-impl StartupSequence {
-    /// Creates a new StartupSequence with the specified duration in ticks
-    pub fn new(text_only_ticks: u32, _characters_visible_ticks: u32) -> Self {
-        Self::TextOnly {
-            remaining_ticks: text_only_ticks,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Ticks the timer by one frame, returning transition information if state changes
-    pub fn tick(&mut self) -> Option<(StartupSequence, StartupSequence)> {
-        match self {
-            StartupSequence::TextOnly { remaining_ticks } => {
-                if *remaining_ticks > 0 {
-                    *remaining_ticks -= 1;
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    let from = *self;
-                    *self = StartupSequence::CharactersVisible {
-                        remaining_ticks: 60, // 1 second at 60 FPS
-                    };
-                    Some((from, *self))
-                }
-            }
-            StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { remaining_ticks } => {
-                if *remaining_ticks > 0 {
-                    *remaining_ticks -= 1;
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    let from = *self;
-                    *self = StartupSequence::GameActive;
-                    Some((from, *self))
-                }
-            }
-            StartupSequence::GameActive => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Handles startup sequence transitions and component management
-pub fn startup_stage_system(
-    mut startup: ResMut<StartupSequence>,
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    mut blinking_query: Query<Entity, With<Blinking>>,
-    mut player_query: Query<Entity, With<PlayerControlled>>,
-    mut ghost_query: Query<Entity, With<GhostCollider>>,
-) {
-    if let Some((from, to)) = startup.tick() {
-        debug!("StartupSequence transition from {from:?} to {to:?}");
-        match (from, to) {
-            // (StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }, StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }) => {}
-            (StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }, StartupSequence::GameActive) => {
-                // Unfreeze and unhide the player & ghosts
-                for entity in player_query.iter_mut().chain(ghost_query.iter_mut()) {
-                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<(Frozen, Hidden)>();
-                }
-
-                // Unfreeze pellet blinking
-                for entity in blinking_query.iter_mut() {
-                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<Frozen>();
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/src/systems/state.rs
+++ b/src/systems/state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+use std::mem::discriminant;
+use tracing::{debug, info};
+
+use crate::constants;
+use crate::events::StageTransition;
+use crate::map::direction::Direction;
+use crate::systems::{EntityType, ItemCollider, SpawnTrigger, Velocity};
+use crate::{
+    map::builder::Map,
+    systems::{
+        AudioEvent, Blinking, DirectionalAnimation, Dying, Frozen, Ghost, GhostCollider, GhostState, LinearAnimation, Looping,
+        NodeId, PlayerControlled, Position, Visibility,
+    },
+};
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    entity::Entity,
+    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
+    query::{With, Without},
+    resource::Resource,
+    system::{Commands, Query, Res, ResMut, Single},
+};
+
+use crate::events::{GameCommand, GameEvent};
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+use bevy_ecs::system::NonSendMut;
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+use sdl2::render::Canvas;
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+use sdl2::video::{FullscreenType, Window};
+
+#[derive(Resource, Clone)]
+pub struct PlayerAnimation(pub DirectionalAnimation);
+
+#[derive(Resource, Clone)]
+pub struct PlayerDeathAnimation(pub LinearAnimation);
+
+/// Tracks whether the beginning sound has been played for the current startup sequence
+#[derive(Resource, Debug, Default, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct IntroPlayed(pub bool);
+
+/// A resource to track the overall stage of the game from a high-level perspective.
+#[derive(Resource, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum GameStage {
+    Starting(StartupSequence),
+    /// The main gameplay loop is active.
+    Playing,
+    /// Short freeze after Pac-Man eats a ghost to display bonus score
+    GhostEatenPause {
+        remaining_ticks: u32,
+        ghost_entity: Entity,
+        ghost_type: Ghost,
+        node: NodeId,
+    },
+    /// The player has died and the death sequence is in progress. At the end, the player will return to the startup sequence or game over.
+    PlayerDying(DyingSequence),
+    /// The game has ended.
+    GameOver,
+}
+
+#[derive(Resource, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Paused(pub bool);
+
+pub fn handle_pause_command(
+    mut events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
+    mut paused: ResMut<Paused>,
+    mut audio_events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
+) {
+    for event in events.read() {
+        if let GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::TogglePause) = event {
+            paused.0 = !paused.0;
+            if paused.0 {
+                info!("Game paused");
+                audio_events.write(AudioEvent::Pause);
+            } else {
+                info!("Game resumed");
+                audio_events.write(AudioEvent::Resume);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+pub fn handle_fullscreen_command(mut events: EventReader<GameEvent>, mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>) {
+    for event in events.read() {
+        if let GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::ToggleFullscreen) = event {
+            let window = canvas.window_mut();
+            let current = window.fullscreen_state();
+            let target = match current {
+                FullscreenType::Off => FullscreenType::Desktop,
+                _ => FullscreenType::Off,
+            };
+
+            if let Err(e) = window.set_fullscreen(target) {
+                tracing::warn!(error = ?e, "Failed to toggle fullscreen");
+            } else {
+                let on = matches!(target, FullscreenType::Desktop | FullscreenType::True);
+                info!(fullscreen = on, "Toggled fullscreen");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait TooSimilar {
+    fn too_similar(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl TooSimilar for GameStage {
+    fn too_similar(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        discriminant(self) == discriminant(other) && {
+            // These states are very simple, so they're 'too similar' automatically
+            if matches!(self, GameStage::Playing | GameStage::GameOver) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // Since the discriminant is the same but the values are different, it's the interior value that is somehow different
+            match (self, other) {
+                // These states are similar if their interior values are similar as well
+                (GameStage::Starting(startup), GameStage::Starting(other)) => startup.too_similar(other),
+                (GameStage::PlayerDying(dying), GameStage::PlayerDying(other)) => dying.too_similar(other),
+                (
+                    GameStage::GhostEatenPause {
+                        ghost_entity,
+                        ghost_type,
+                        node,
+                        ..
+                    },
+                    GameStage::GhostEatenPause {
+                        ghost_entity: other_ghost_entity,
+                        ghost_type: other_ghost_type,
+                        node: other_node,
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ) => ghost_entity == other_ghost_entity && ghost_type == other_ghost_type && node == other_node,
+                // Already handled, but kept to properly exhaust the match
+                (GameStage::Playing, _) | (GameStage::GameOver, _) => unreachable!(),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A resource that manages the multi-stage startup sequence of the game.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum StartupSequence {
+    /// Stage 1: Text-only stage
+    /// - Player & ghosts are hidden
+    /// - READY! and PLAYER ONE text are shown
+    /// - Energizers do not blink
+    TextOnly {
+        /// Remaining ticks in this stage
+        remaining_ticks: u32,
+    },
+    /// Stage 2: Characters visible stage
+    /// - PLAYER ONE text is hidden, READY! text remains
+    /// - Ghosts and Pac-Man are now shown
+    CharactersVisible {
+        /// Remaining ticks in this stage
+        remaining_ticks: u32,
+    },
+}
+
+impl Default for GameStage {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Playing
+    }
+}
+
+impl TooSimilar for StartupSequence {
+    fn too_similar(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        discriminant(self) == discriminant(other)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The state machine for the multi-stage death sequence.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum DyingSequence {
+    /// Initial stage: entities are frozen, waiting for a delay.
+    Frozen { remaining_ticks: u32 },
+    /// Second stage: Pac-Man's death animation is playing.
+    Animating { remaining_ticks: u32 },
+    /// Third stage: Pac-Man is now gone, waiting a moment before the level restarts.
+    Hidden { remaining_ticks: u32 },
+}
+
+impl TooSimilar for DyingSequence {
+    fn too_similar(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        discriminant(self) == discriminant(other)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A resource to store the number of player lives.
+#[derive(Resource, Debug)]
+pub struct PlayerLives(pub u8);
+
+impl Default for PlayerLives {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(3)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Handles startup sequence transitions and component management
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn stage_system(
+    mut game_state: ResMut<GameStage>,
+    player_death_animation: Res<PlayerDeathAnimation>,
+    player_animation: Res<PlayerAnimation>,
+    mut player_lives: ResMut<PlayerLives>,
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut audio_events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
+    mut stage_event_reader: EventReader<StageTransition>,
+    mut blinking_query: Query<Entity, With<Blinking>>,
+    player: Single<(Entity, &mut Position), With<PlayerControlled>>,
+    mut item_query: Query<(Entity, &EntityType), With<ItemCollider>>,
+    mut ghost_query: Query<(Entity, &Ghost, &mut Position, &mut GhostState), (With<GhostCollider>, Without<PlayerControlled>)>,
+    mut intro_played: ResMut<IntroPlayed>,
+) {
+    let old_state = *game_state;
+    let mut new_state_opt: Option<GameStage> = None;
+
+    // Handle stage transition requests before normal ticking
+    for event in stage_event_reader.read() {
+        let StageTransition::GhostEatenPause {
+            ghost_entity,
+            ghost_type,
+        } = *event;
+        let pac_node = player.1.current_node();
+
+        debug!(ghost = ?ghost_type, node = pac_node, "Ghost eaten, entering pause state");
+        new_state_opt = Some(GameStage::GhostEatenPause {
+            remaining_ticks: 30,
+            ghost_entity,
+            ghost_type,
+            node: pac_node,
+        });
+    }
+
+    let new_state: GameStage = new_state_opt.unwrap_or_else(|| match *game_state {
+        GameStage::Playing => {
+            // This is the default state, do nothing
+            *game_state
+        }
+        GameStage::GhostEatenPause {
+            remaining_ticks,
+            ghost_entity,
+            ghost_type,
+            node,
+        } => {
+            if remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                GameStage::GhostEatenPause {
+                    remaining_ticks: remaining_ticks.saturating_sub(1),
+                    ghost_entity,
+                    ghost_type,
+                    node,
+                }
+            } else {
+                debug!("Ghost eaten pause ended, resuming gameplay");
+                GameStage::Playing
+            }
+        }
+        GameStage::Starting(sequence) => match sequence {
+            StartupSequence::TextOnly { remaining_ticks } => {
+                // Play the beginning sound once at the start of TextOnly stage
+                if !intro_played.0 {
+                    audio_events.write(AudioEvent::PlaySound(crate::audio::Sound::Beginning));
+                    intro_played.0 = true;
+                }
+                if remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                    GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::TextOnly {
+                        remaining_ticks: remaining_ticks.saturating_sub(1),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { remaining_ticks: 60 })
+                }
+            }
+            StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { remaining_ticks } => {
+                if remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                    GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::CharactersVisible {
+                        remaining_ticks: remaining_ticks.saturating_sub(1),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    info!("Startup sequence completed, beginning gameplay");
+                    GameStage::Playing
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        GameStage::PlayerDying(sequence) => match sequence {
+            DyingSequence::Frozen { remaining_ticks } => {
+                if remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                    GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Frozen {
+                        remaining_ticks: remaining_ticks.saturating_sub(1),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    let death_animation = &player_death_animation.0;
+                    let remaining_ticks = (death_animation.tiles.len() * death_animation.frame_duration as usize) as u32;
+                    debug!(animation_frames = remaining_ticks, "Starting player death animation");
+                    GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Animating { remaining_ticks })
+                }
+            }
+            DyingSequence::Animating { remaining_ticks } => {
+                if remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                    GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Animating {
+                        remaining_ticks: remaining_ticks.saturating_sub(1),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Hidden { remaining_ticks: 60 })
+                }
+            }
+            DyingSequence::Hidden { remaining_ticks } => {
+                if remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                    GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Hidden {
+                        remaining_ticks: remaining_ticks.saturating_sub(1),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    player_lives.0 = player_lives.0.saturating_sub(1);
+
+                    if player_lives.0 > 0 {
+                        info!(remaining_lives = player_lives.0, "Player died, returning to startup sequence");
+                        GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { remaining_ticks: 60 })
+                    } else {
+                        info!("All lives lost, game over");
+                        GameStage::GameOver
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        GameStage::GameOver => *game_state,
+    });
+
+    if old_state == new_state {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if !old_state.too_similar(&new_state) {
+        debug!(old_state = ?old_state, new_state = ?new_state, "Game stage transition");
+    }
+
+    match (old_state, new_state) {
+        (GameStage::Playing, GameStage::GhostEatenPause { ghost_entity, node, .. }) => {
+            // Freeze the player & non-eaten ghosts
+            commands.entity(player.0).insert(Frozen);
+            commands.entity(ghost_entity).insert(Frozen);
+            for (entity, _, _, state) in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                // Only freeze ghosts that are not currently eaten
+                if *state != GhostState::Eyes {
+                    debug!(ghost = ?entity, "Freezing ghost");
+                    commands.entity(entity).insert(Frozen);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Hide the player & eaten ghost
+            commands.entity(player.0).insert(Visibility::hidden());
+            commands.entity(ghost_entity).insert(Visibility::hidden());
+
+            // Spawn bonus points entity at Pac-Man's position
+            commands.trigger(SpawnTrigger::Bonus {
+                position: Position::Stopped { node },
+                // TODO: Doubling score value for each consecutive ghost eaten
+                value: 200,
+                ttl: 30,
+            });
+        }
+        (GameStage::GhostEatenPause { ghost_entity, .. }, GameStage::Playing) => {
+            // Unfreeze and reveal the player & all ghosts
+            commands.entity(player.0).remove::<Frozen>().insert(Visibility::visible());
+            for (entity, _, _, _) in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).remove::<Frozen>().insert(Visibility::visible());
+            }
+
+            // Reveal the eaten ghost and switch it to Eyes state
+            commands.entity(ghost_entity).insert(GhostState::Eyes);
+        }
+        (_, GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Frozen { .. })) => {
+            // Freeze the player & ghosts
+            commands.entity(player.0).insert(Frozen);
+            for (entity, _, _, _) in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).insert(Frozen);
+            }
+        }
+        (GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Frozen { .. }), GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Animating { .. })) => {
+            // Hide the ghosts
+            for (entity, _, _, _) in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).insert(Visibility::hidden());
+            }
+
+            // Start Pac-Man's death animation
+            commands
+                .entity(player.0)
+                .remove::<DirectionalAnimation>()
+                .insert((Dying, player_death_animation.0.clone()));
+
+            // Play the death sound
+            audio_events.write(AudioEvent::PlaySound(crate::audio::Sound::PacmanDeath));
+        }
+        (_, GameStage::PlayerDying(DyingSequence::Hidden { .. })) => {
+            // Pac-Man's death animation is complete, so he should be hidden just like the ghosts.
+            // Then, we reset them all back to their original positions and states.
+
+            // Freeze the blinking power pellets, force them to be visible (if they were hidden by blinking)
+            for entity in blinking_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).insert(Frozen).insert(Visibility::visible());
+            }
+
+            // Delete any fruit entities
+            for (entity, _) in item_query
+                .iter_mut()
+                .filter(|(_, entity_type)| matches!(entity_type, EntityType::Fruit(_)))
+            {
+                commands.entity(entity).despawn();
+            }
+
+            // Reset the player animation
+            commands
+                .entity(player.0)
+                .remove::<(Dying, LinearAnimation, Looping)>()
+                .insert((
+                    Velocity {
+                        speed: constants::mechanics::PLAYER_SPEED,
+                        direction: Direction::Left,
+                    },
+                    Position::Stopped {
+                        node: map.start_positions.pacman,
+                    },
+                    player_animation.0.clone(),
+                    Visibility::hidden(),
+                    Frozen,
+                ));
+
+            // Reset ghost positions and state
+            for (ghost_entity, ghost, _, _) in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(ghost_entity).insert((
+                    GhostState::Normal,
+                    Position::Stopped {
+                        node: match ghost {
+                            Ghost::Blinky => map.start_positions.blinky,
+                            Ghost::Pinky => map.start_positions.pinky,
+                            Ghost::Inky => map.start_positions.inky,
+                            Ghost::Clyde => map.start_positions.clyde,
+                        },
+                    },
+                    Frozen,
+                    Visibility::hidden(),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        (_, GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. })) => {
+            // Unhide the player & ghosts
+            commands.entity(player.0).insert(Visibility::visible());
+            for (entity, _, _, _) in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).insert(Visibility::visible());
+            }
+        }
+        (GameStage::Starting(StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }), GameStage::Playing) => {
+            // Unfreeze the player & ghosts & blinking
+            commands.entity(player.0).remove::<Frozen>();
+            for (entity, _, _, _) in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).remove::<Frozen>();
+            }
+            for entity in blinking_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).remove::<Frozen>();
+            }
+            // Reset intro flag for the next round
+            intro_played.0 = false;
+        }
+        (_, GameStage::GameOver) => {
+            // Freeze blinking
+            for entity in blinking_query.iter_mut() {
+                commands.entity(entity).insert(Frozen);
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    *game_state = new_state;
+}
--- a/src/systems/vulnerable.rs
+++ b/src/systems/vulnerable.rs
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::query::With;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, Query};
-
-use crate::systems::{GhostCollider, Vulnerable};
-
-/// System that decrements the remaining_ticks on Vulnerable components and removes them when they reach zero
-pub fn vulnerable_tick_system(
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    mut vulnerable_query: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &mut Vulnerable), With<GhostCollider>>,
-) {
-    for (entity, mut vulnerable) in vulnerable_query.iter_mut() {
-        if vulnerable.remaining_ticks > 0 {
-            vulnerable.remaining_ticks -= 1;
-        }
-
-        if vulnerable.remaining_ticks == 0 {
-            commands.entity(entity).remove::<Vulnerable>();
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/src/texture/animated.rs
+++ b/src/texture/animated.rs
@@ -1,81 +1,65 @@
-use crate::error::{AnimatedTextureError, GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
-use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
+use glam::U16Vec2;

-/// Frame-based animation system for cycling through multiple sprite tiles.
-///
-/// Manages automatic frame progression based on elapsed time.
-/// Uses a time banking system to ensure consistent animation speed regardless of frame rate variations.
+use crate::{map::direction::Direction, texture::sprite::AtlasTile};
+
+/// A sequence of tiles for animation, backed by a vector.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AnimatedTexture {
-    /// Sequence of sprite tiles that make up the animation frames
+pub struct TileSequence {
    tiles: Vec<AtlasTile>,
-    /// Duration each frame should be displayed (in seconds)
-    frame_duration: f32,
-    /// Index of the currently active frame in the tiles vector
-    current_frame: usize,
-    /// Accumulated time since the last frame change (for smooth timing)
-    time_bank: f32,
 }

-impl AnimatedTexture {
-    pub fn new(tiles: Vec<AtlasTile>, frame_duration: f32) -> GameResult<Self> {
-        if frame_duration <= 0.0 {
-            return Err(GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(
-                AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(frame_duration),
-            )));
+impl TileSequence {
+    /// Creates a new tile sequence from a slice of tiles.
+    pub fn new(tiles: &[AtlasTile]) -> Self {
+        Self { tiles: tiles.to_vec() }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the tile at the given frame index, wrapping if necessary
+    pub fn get_tile(&self, frame: usize) -> AtlasTile {
+        if self.tiles.is_empty() {
+            // Return a default or handle the error appropriately
+            // For now, let's return a default tile, assuming it's a sensible default
+            return AtlasTile {
+                pos: U16Vec2::ZERO,
+                size: U16Vec2::ZERO,
+                color: None,
+            };
        }
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            tiles,
-            frame_duration,
-            current_frame: 0,
-            time_bank: 0.0,
-        })
+        self.tiles[frame % self.tiles.len()]
    }

-    /// Advances the animation by the specified time delta with automatic frame cycling.
-    ///
-    /// Accumulates time in the time bank and progresses through frames when enough
-    /// time has elapsed. Supports frame rates independent of game frame rate by
-    /// potentially advancing multiple frames in a single call if `dt` is large.
-    /// Animation loops automatically when reaching the final frame.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `dt` - Time elapsed since the last tick (typically frame delta time)
-    pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) {
-        self.time_bank += dt;
-        while self.time_bank >= self.frame_duration {
-            self.time_bank -= self.frame_duration;
-            self.current_frame = (self.current_frame + 1) % self.tiles.len();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn current_tile(&self) -> &AtlasTile {
-        &self.tiles[self.current_frame]
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the current frame index.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn current_frame(&self) -> usize {
-        self.current_frame
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the time bank.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn time_bank(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.time_bank
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the frame duration.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn frame_duration(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.frame_duration
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of tiles in the animation.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn tiles_len(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.tiles.len()
    }
+
+    /// Checks if the sequence contains any tiles.
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.tiles.is_empty()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A collection of tile sequences for each cardinal direction.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DirectionalTiles {
+    pub up: TileSequence,
+    pub down: TileSequence,
+    pub left: TileSequence,
+    pub right: TileSequence,
+}
+
+impl DirectionalTiles {
+    /// Creates a new DirectionalTiles with different sequences per direction
+    pub fn new(up: TileSequence, down: TileSequence, left: TileSequence, right: TileSequence) -> Self {
+        Self { up, down, left, right }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the tile sequence for the given direction
+    pub fn get(&self, direction: Direction) -> &TileSequence {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Up => &self.up,
+            Direction::Down => &self.down,
+            Direction::Left => &self.left,
+            Direction::Right => &self.right,
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/src/texture/blinking.rs
+++ b/src/texture/blinking.rs
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(dead_code)]
-use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct BlinkingTexture {
-    tile: AtlasTile,
-    blink_duration: f32,
-    time_bank: f32,
-    is_on: bool,
-}
-
-impl BlinkingTexture {
-    pub fn new(tile: AtlasTile, blink_duration: f32) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            tile,
-            blink_duration,
-            time_bank: 0.0,
-            is_on: true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) {
-        self.time_bank += dt;
-        if self.time_bank >= self.blink_duration {
-            self.time_bank -= self.blink_duration;
-            self.is_on = !self.is_on;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_on(&self) -> bool {
-        self.is_on
-    }
-
-    pub fn tile(&self) -> &AtlasTile {
-        &self.tile
-    }
-
-    // Helper methods for testing
-    pub fn time_bank(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.time_bank
-    }
-
-    pub fn blink_duration(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.blink_duration
-    }
-}
--- a/src/texture/mod.rs
+++ b/src/texture/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod animated;
-pub mod blinking;
 pub mod sprite;
+pub mod sprites;
 pub mod text;
+pub mod ttf;
--- a/src/texture/sprite.rs
+++ b/src/texture/sprite.rs
@@ -3,27 +3,26 @@ use glam::U16Vec2;
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::Rect;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget, Texture};
-use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use tracing::debug;

 use crate::error::TextureError;

 /// Atlas frame mapping data loaded from JSON metadata files.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct AtlasMapper {
    /// Mapping from sprite name to frame bounds within the atlas texture
    pub frames: HashMap<String, MapperFrame>,
 }

-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct MapperFrame {
-    pub x: u16,
-    pub y: u16,
-    pub width: u16,
-    pub height: u16,
+    pub pos: U16Vec2,
+    pub size: U16Vec2,
 }

-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+/// A single tile within a sprite atlas, defined by its position and size.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
 pub struct AtlasTile {
    pub pos: U16Vec2,
    pub size: U16Vec2,
@@ -59,19 +58,6 @@ impl AtlasTile {
        canvas.copy(&atlas.texture, src, dest).map_err(TextureError::RenderFailed)?;
        Ok(())
    }
-
-    /// Creates a new atlas tile.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn new(pos: U16Vec2, size: U16Vec2, color: Option<Color>) -> Self {
-        Self { pos, size, color }
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the color of the tile.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn with_color(mut self, color: Color) -> Self {
-        self.color = Some(color);
-        self
-    }
 }

 /// High-performance sprite atlas providing fast texture region lookups and rendering.
@@ -82,7 +68,7 @@ impl AtlasTile {
 /// and optional default color modulation configuration.
 pub struct SpriteAtlas {
    /// The combined texture containing all sprite frames
-    texture: Texture<'static>,
+    texture: Texture,
    /// Mapping from sprite names to their pixel coordinates within the texture
    tiles: HashMap<String, MapperFrame>,
    default_color: Option<Color>,
@@ -91,10 +77,14 @@ pub struct SpriteAtlas {
 }

 impl SpriteAtlas {
-    pub fn new(texture: Texture<'static>, mapper: AtlasMapper) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(texture: Texture, mapper: AtlasMapper) -> Self {
+        let tile_count = mapper.frames.len();
+        let tiles = mapper.frames.into_iter().collect();
+
+        debug!(tile_count, "Created sprite atlas");
        Self {
            texture,
-            tiles: mapper.frames,
+            tiles,
            default_color: None,
            last_modulation: None,
        }
@@ -106,39 +96,15 @@ impl SpriteAtlas {
    /// for the named sprite, or `None` if the sprite name is not found in the
    /// atlas. The returned tile can be used for immediate rendering or stored
    /// for repeated use in animations and entity sprites.
-    pub fn get_tile(&self, name: &str) -> Option<AtlasTile> {
-        self.tiles.get(name).map(|frame| AtlasTile {
-            pos: U16Vec2::new(frame.x, frame.y),
-            size: U16Vec2::new(frame.width, frame.height),
-            color: None,
+    pub fn get_tile(&self, name: &str) -> Result<AtlasTile, TextureError> {
+        let frame = self.tiles.get(name).ok_or_else(|| {
+            debug!(tile_name = name, "Atlas tile not found");
+            TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(name.to_string())
+        })?;
+        Ok(AtlasTile {
+            pos: frame.pos,
+            size: frame.size,
+            color: self.default_color,
        })
    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn set_color(&mut self, color: Color) {
-        self.default_color = Some(color);
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn texture(&self) -> &Texture<'static> {
-        &self.texture
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of tiles in the atlas.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn tiles_count(&self) -> usize {
-        self.tiles.len()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if the atlas has a tile with the given name.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn has_tile(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
-        self.tiles.contains_key(name)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the default color of the atlas.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn default_color(&self) -> Option<Color> {
-        self.default_color
-    }
 }
--- a/src/texture/sprites.rs
+++ b/src/texture/sprites.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+//! A structured representation of all sprite assets in the game.
+//!
+//! This module provides a set of enums to represent every sprite, allowing for
+//! type-safe access to asset paths and avoiding the use of raw strings.
+//! The `GameSprite` enum is the main entry point, and its `to_path` method
+//! generates the correct path for a given sprite in the texture atlas.
+
+use crate::{
+    map::direction::Direction,
+    systems::{FruitType, Ghost},
+};
+
+/// Represents the different sprites for Pac-Man.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum PacmanSprite {
+    /// A moving Pac-Man sprite for a given direction and animation frame.
+    Moving(Direction, u8),
+    /// The full, closed-mouth Pac-Man sprite.
+    Full,
+    /// A single frame of the dying animation.
+    Dying(u8),
+}
+
+/// Represents the color of a frightened ghost.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum FrightenedColor {
+    Blue,
+    White,
+}
+
+/// Represents the different sprites for ghosts.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum GhostSprite {
+    /// The normal appearance of a ghost for a given type, direction, and animation frame.
+    Normal(Ghost, Direction, u8),
+    /// The frightened appearance of a ghost, with a specific color and animation frame.
+    Frightened(FrightenedColor, u8),
+    /// The "eyes only" appearance of a ghost after being eaten.
+    Eyes(Direction),
+}
+
+/// Represents the different sprites for the maze and collectibles.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum MazeSprite {
+    /// A specific tile of the maze.
+    Tile(u8),
+    /// A standard pellet.
+    Pellet,
+    /// An energizer/power pellet.
+    Energizer,
+}
+
+/// Represents the different effect sprites that can appear as bonus items.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum EffectSprite {
+    Bonus(u32),
+}
+
+/// A top-level enum that encompasses all game sprites.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum GameSprite {
+    Pacman(PacmanSprite),
+    Ghost(GhostSprite),
+    Maze(MazeSprite),
+    Fruit(FruitType),
+    Effect(EffectSprite),
+}
+
+impl GameSprite {
+    /// Generates the asset path for the sprite.
+    ///
+    /// This path corresponds to the filename in the texture atlas JSON file.
+    pub fn to_path(self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(dir, frame)) => format!(
+                "pacman/{}_{}.png",
+                dir.as_ref(),
+                match frame {
+                    0 => "a",
+                    1 => "b",
+                    _ => panic!("Invalid animation frame"),
+                }
+            ),
+            GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Full) => "pacman/full.png".to_string(),
+            GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Dying(frame)) => format!("pacman/death/{}.png", frame),
+
+            // Ghost sprites
+            GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, dir, frame)) => {
+                let frame_char = match frame {
+                    0 => 'a',
+                    1 => 'b',
+                    _ => panic!("Invalid animation frame"),
+                };
+                format!(
+                    "ghost/{}/{}_{}.png",
+                    ghost_type.as_str(),
+                    dir.as_ref().to_lowercase(),
+                    frame_char
+                )
+            }
+            GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Frightened(color, frame)) => {
+                let frame_char = match frame {
+                    0 => 'a',
+                    1 => 'b',
+                    _ => panic!("Invalid animation frame"),
+                };
+                let color_str = match color {
+                    FrightenedColor::Blue => "blue",
+                    FrightenedColor::White => "white",
+                };
+                format!("ghost/frightened/{}_{}.png", color_str, frame_char)
+            }
+            GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Eyes(dir)) => format!("ghost/eyes/{}.png", dir.as_ref().to_lowercase()),
+
+            // Maze sprites
+            GameSprite::Maze(MazeSprite::Tile(index)) => format!("maze/tiles/{}.png", index),
+            GameSprite::Maze(MazeSprite::Pellet) => "maze/pellet.png".to_string(),
+            GameSprite::Maze(MazeSprite::Energizer) => "maze/energizer.png".to_string(),
+
+            // Fruit sprites
+            GameSprite::Fruit(fruit) => format!("edible/{}.png", Into::<&'static str>::into(fruit)),
+
+            // Effect sprites
+            GameSprite::Effect(EffectSprite::Bonus(value)) => match value {
+                100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 700 | 800 | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | 5000 => format!("effects/{}.png", value),
+                _ => {
+                    tracing::warn!("Invalid bonus value: {}", value);
+                    "effects/100.png".to_string()
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/texture/text.rs
+++ b/src/texture/text.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#![allow(dead_code)]
-
 //! This module provides text rendering using the texture atlas.
 //!
 //! The TextTexture system renders text from the atlas using character mapping.
@@ -60,10 +58,7 @@ use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
 use std::collections::HashMap;

-use crate::{
-    error::{GameError, TextureError},
-    texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas},
-};
+use crate::texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas};

 /// Converts a character to its tile name in the atlas.
 fn char_to_tile_name(c: char) -> Option<String> {
@@ -112,6 +107,7 @@ impl TextTexture {
        }
    }

+    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn get_char_map(&self) -> &HashMap<char, AtlasTile> {
        &self.char_map
    }
@@ -122,9 +118,7 @@ impl TextTexture {
        }

        if let Some(tile_name) = char_to_tile_name(c) {
-            let tile = atlas
-                .get_tile(&tile_name)
-                .ok_or(GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(tile_name)))?;
+            let tile = atlas.get_tile(&tile_name)?;
            self.char_map.insert(c, tile);
            Ok(self.char_map.get(&c))
        } else {
@@ -172,26 +166,6 @@ impl TextTexture {
        Ok(())
    }

-    /// Sets the default color for text rendering.
-    pub fn set_color(&mut self, color: Color) {
-        self.default_color = Some(color);
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the current default color.
-    pub fn color(&self) -> Option<Color> {
-        self.default_color
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the scale for text rendering.
-    pub fn set_scale(&mut self, scale: f32) {
-        self.scale = scale;
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the current scale.
-    pub fn scale(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.scale
-    }
-
    /// Calculates the width of a string in pixels at the current scale.
    pub fn text_width(&self, text: &str) -> u32 {
        let char_width = (8.0 * self.scale) as u32;
--- a/src/texture/ttf.rs
+++ b/src/texture/ttf.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+//! TTF font rendering using pre-rendered character atlas.
+//!
+//! This module provides efficient TTF font rendering by pre-rendering all needed
+//! characters into a texture atlas at startup, avoiding expensive SDL2 font
+//! surface-to-texture conversions every frame.
+
+use glam::{UVec2, Vec2};
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::rect::Rect;
+use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget, Texture, TextureCreator};
+
+use sdl2::ttf::Font;
+use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
+
+/// Character atlas tile representing a single rendered character
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct TtfCharTile {
+    pub pos: UVec2,
+    pub size: UVec2,
+    pub advance: u32, // Character advance width for proportional fonts
+}
+
+/// TTF text atlas containing pre-rendered characters for efficient rendering
+pub struct TtfAtlas {
+    /// The texture containing all rendered characters
+    texture: Texture,
+    /// Mapping from character to its position and size in the atlas
+    char_tiles: HashMap<char, TtfCharTile>,
+    /// Cached color modulation state to avoid redundant SDL2 calls
+    last_modulation: Option<Color>,
+    /// Cached maximum character height
+    max_char_height: u32,
+}
+
+const TTF_CHARS: &str = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.,:-/()ms μµ%± ";
+
+impl TtfAtlas {
+    /// Creates a new TTF text atlas by pre-rendering all needed characters.
+    ///
+    /// This should be called once at startup. It renders all characters that might
+    /// be used in text rendering into a single texture atlas for efficient GPU rendering.
+    pub fn new(texture_creator: &TextureCreator<WindowContext>, font: &Font) -> Result<Self, GameError> {
+        // Calculate character dimensions and advance widths for proportional fonts
+        let mut char_tiles = HashMap::new();
+        let mut max_height = 0u32;
+        let mut total_width = 0u32;
+        let mut char_metrics = Vec::new();
+
+        // First pass: measure all characters
+        for c in TTF_CHARS.chars() {
+            if c == ' ' {
+                // Handle space character specially - measure a non-space character for height
+                let space_height = font.size_of("0").map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?.1;
+                let space_advance = font.size_of(" ").map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?.0;
+                char_tiles.insert(
+                    c,
+                    TtfCharTile {
+                        pos: UVec2::ZERO,                  // Will be set during population
+                        size: UVec2::new(0, space_height), // Space has no visual content
+                        advance: space_advance,
+                    },
+                );
+                max_height = max_height.max(space_height);
+                char_metrics.push((c, 0, space_height, space_advance));
+            } else {
+                let (advance, height) = font.size_of(&c.to_string()).map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+                char_tiles.insert(
+                    c,
+                    TtfCharTile {
+                        pos: UVec2::ZERO, // Will be set during population
+                        size: UVec2::new(advance, height),
+                        advance,
+                    },
+                );
+                max_height = max_height.max(height);
+                total_width += advance;
+                char_metrics.push((c, advance, height, advance));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Calculate atlas dimensions (pack characters horizontally for better space utilization)
+        let atlas_size = UVec2::new(total_width, max_height);
+
+        // Create atlas texture as a render target
+        let mut atlas_texture = texture_creator
+            .create_texture_target(None, atlas_size.x, atlas_size.y)
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        atlas_texture.set_blend_mode(sdl2::render::BlendMode::Blend);
+
+        // Second pass: calculate positions
+        let mut current_x = 0u32;
+        for (c, width, _height, _advance) in char_metrics {
+            if let Some(tile) = char_tiles.get_mut(&c) {
+                tile.pos = UVec2::new(current_x, 0);
+                current_x += width;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            texture: atlas_texture,
+            char_tiles,
+            last_modulation: None,
+            max_char_height: max_height,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Renders all characters to the atlas texture using a canvas.
+    /// This must be called after creation to populate the atlas.
+    pub fn populate_atlas<C: RenderTarget>(
+        &mut self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
+        texture_creator: &TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
+        font: &Font,
+    ) -> Result<(), GameError> {
+        let mut render_error: Option<GameError> = None;
+
+        let result = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut self.texture, |atlas_canvas| {
+            // Clear with transparent background
+            atlas_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
+            atlas_canvas.clear();
+
+            for c in TTF_CHARS.chars() {
+                if c == ' ' {
+                    // Skip rendering space character - it has no visual content
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Render character to surface
+                let surface = match font.render(&c.to_string()).blended(Color::WHITE) {
+                    Ok(s) => s,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Create texture from surface
+                let char_texture = match texture_creator.create_texture_from_surface(&surface) {
+                    Ok(t) => t,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Get character tile info
+                let tile = match self.char_tiles.get(&c) {
+                    Some(t) => t,
+                    None => {
+                        render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(format!("Character '{}' not found in atlas tiles", c)));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Copy character to atlas
+                let dest = Rect::new(tile.pos.x as i32, tile.pos.y as i32, tile.size.x, tile.size.y);
+                if let Err(e) = atlas_canvas.copy(&char_texture, None, dest) {
+                    render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Check the result of with_texture_canvas and any render error
+        if let Err(e) = result {
+            return Err(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(error) = render_error {
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Gets a character tile from the atlas
+    pub fn get_char_tile(&self, c: char) -> Option<&TtfCharTile> {
+        self.char_tiles.get(&c)
+    }
+}
+
+/// TTF text renderer that uses the pre-rendered character atlas
+pub struct TtfRenderer {
+    scale: f32,
+}
+
+impl TtfRenderer {
+    pub fn new(scale: f32) -> Self {
+        Self { scale }
+    }
+
+    /// Renders a string of text at the given position with the specified color
+    pub fn render_text<C: RenderTarget>(
+        &self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
+        atlas: &mut TtfAtlas,
+        text: &str,
+        position: Vec2,
+        color: Color,
+    ) -> Result<(), TextureError> {
+        let mut x_offset = 0.0;
+
+        // Apply color modulation once at the beginning if needed
+        if atlas.last_modulation != Some(color) {
+            atlas.texture.set_color_mod(color.r, color.g, color.b);
+            atlas.texture.set_alpha_mod(color.a);
+            atlas.last_modulation = Some(color);
+        }
+
+        for c in text.chars() {
+            // Get character tile info first to avoid borrowing conflicts
+            let char_tile = atlas.get_char_tile(c);
+
+            if let Some(char_tile) = char_tile {
+                if char_tile.size.x > 0 && char_tile.size.y > 0 {
+                    // Only render non-space characters
+                    let dest = Rect::new(
+                        (position.x + x_offset) as i32,
+                        position.y as i32,
+                        (char_tile.size.x as f32 * self.scale) as u32,
+                        (char_tile.size.y as f32 * self.scale) as u32,
+                    );
+
+                    // Render the character directly
+                    let src = Rect::new(
+                        char_tile.pos.x as i32,
+                        char_tile.pos.y as i32,
+                        char_tile.size.x,
+                        char_tile.size.y,
+                    );
+                    canvas.copy(&atlas.texture, src, dest).map_err(TextureError::RenderFailed)?;
+                }
+
+                // Advance by character advance width (proportional spacing)
+                x_offset += char_tile.advance as f32 * self.scale;
+            } else {
+                // Fallback for unsupported characters - use a reasonable default
+                x_offset += 8.0 * self.scale;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate the width of a text string in pixels
+    pub fn text_width(&self, atlas: &TtfAtlas, text: &str) -> u32 {
+        let mut total_width = 0u32;
+
+        for c in text.chars() {
+            if let Some(char_tile) = atlas.get_char_tile(c) {
+                total_width += (char_tile.advance as f32 * self.scale) as u32;
+            } else {
+                // Fallback for unsupported characters
+                total_width += (8.0 * self.scale) as u32;
+            }
+        }
+
+        total_width
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate the height of text in pixels
+    pub fn text_height(&self, atlas: &TtfAtlas) -> u32 {
+        // Find the maximum height among all characters
+        (atlas.max_char_height as f32 * self.scale) as u32
+    }
+}
--- a/tests/animated.rs
+++ b/tests/animated.rs
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::error::{AnimatedTextureError, GameError, TextureError};
-use pacman::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
-use sdl2::pixels::Color;
-
-fn mock_atlas_tile(id: u32) -> AtlasTile {
-    AtlasTile {
-        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
-        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
-        color: Some(Color::RGB(id as u8, 0, 0)),
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_creation_errors() {
-    let tiles = vec![mock_atlas_tile(1), mock_atlas_tile(2)];
-
-    assert!(matches!(
-        AnimatedTexture::new(tiles.clone(), 0.0).unwrap_err(),
-        GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(0.0)))
-    ));
-
-    assert!(matches!(
-        AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, -0.1).unwrap_err(),
-        GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(-0.1)))
-    ));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_advancement() {
-    let tiles = vec![mock_atlas_tile(1), mock_atlas_tile(2), mock_atlas_tile(3)];
-    let mut texture = AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, 0.1).unwrap();
-
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 0);
-
-    texture.tick(0.25);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 2);
-    assert!((texture.time_bank() - 0.05).abs() < 0.001);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_wrap_around() {
-    let tiles = vec![mock_atlas_tile(1), mock_atlas_tile(2)];
-    let mut texture = AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, 0.1).unwrap();
-
-    texture.tick(0.1);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 1);
-
-    texture.tick(0.1);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 0);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_single_frame() {
-    let tiles = vec![mock_atlas_tile(1)];
-    let mut texture = AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, 0.1).unwrap();
-
-    texture.tick(0.1);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 0);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_tile().color.unwrap().r, 1);
-}
--- a/tests/asset.rs
+++ b/tests/asset.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use pacman::asset::Asset;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn all_asset_paths_exist() {
+    for asset in Asset::into_iter() {
+        let path = asset.path();
+        let full_path = format!("assets/game/{}", path);
+
+        let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&full_path)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Error getting metadata for {}: {}", full_path, e))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_that(&metadata.is_file()).is_true();
+        assert_that(&metadata.len()).is_greater_than(1024);
+    }
+}
--- a/tests/blinking.rs
+++ b/tests/blinking.rs
@@ -1,49 +1,327 @@
-use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::texture::blinking::BlinkingTexture;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
-use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use pacman::systems::{blinking_system, Blinking, DeltaTime, Frozen, Renderable, Visibility};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;

-fn mock_atlas_tile(id: u32) -> AtlasTile {
-    AtlasTile {
-        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
-        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
-        color: Some(Color::RGB(id as u8, 0, 0)),
-    }
+mod common;
+
+/// Creates a test world with blinking system resources
+fn create_blinking_test_world() -> World {
+    let mut world = World::new();
+    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime::from_ticks(1));
+    world
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking and renderable components
+fn spawn_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+            Visibility::visible(),
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking, renderable, and hidden visibility
+fn spawn_hidden_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+            Visibility::hidden(),
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking, renderable, and frozen components
+fn spawn_frozen_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+            Visibility::visible(),
+            Frozen,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking, renderable, hidden visibility, and frozen components
+fn spawn_frozen_hidden_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+            Visibility::hidden(),
+            Frozen,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Runs the blinking system with the given delta time
+fn run_blinking_system(world: &mut World, delta_ticks: u32) {
+    world.resource_mut::<DeltaTime>().ticks = delta_ticks;
+    world.run_system_once(blinking_system).unwrap();
+}
+
+/// Checks if an entity is visible
+fn is_entity_visible(world: &World, entity: Entity) -> bool {
+    world
+        .entity(entity)
+        .get::<Visibility>()
+        .map(|v| v.is_visible())
+        .unwrap_or(true) // Default to visible if no Visibility component
+}
+
+/// Checks if an entity is hidden
+fn is_entity_hidden(world: &World, entity: Entity) -> bool {
+    world
+        .entity(entity)
+        .get::<Visibility>()
+        .map(|v| v.is_hidden())
+        .unwrap_or(false) // Default to visible if no Visibility component
+}
+
+/// Checks if an entity has the Frozen component
+fn has_frozen_component(world: &World, entity: Entity) -> bool {
+    world.entity(entity).contains::<Frozen>()
 }

 #[test]
-fn test_blinking_texture() {
-    let tile = mock_atlas_tile(1);
-    let mut texture = BlinkingTexture::new(tile, 0.5);
+fn test_blinking_component_creation() {
+    let blinking = Blinking::new(10);

-    assert!(texture.is_on());
-
-    texture.tick(0.5);
-    assert!(!texture.is_on());
-
-    texture.tick(0.5);
-    assert!(texture.is_on());
-
-    texture.tick(0.5);
-    assert!(!texture.is_on());
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(0);
+    assert_that(&blinking.interval_ticks).is_equal_to(10);
 }

 #[test]
-fn test_blinking_texture_partial_duration() {
-    let tile = mock_atlas_tile(1);
-    let mut texture = BlinkingTexture::new(tile, 0.5);
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_no_toggle() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);

-    texture.tick(0.625);
-    assert!(!texture.is_on());
-    assert_eq!(texture.time_bank(), 0.125);
+    // Run system with 3 ticks (less than interval)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 3);
+
+    // Entity should not be hidden yet
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(3);
 }

 #[test]
-fn test_blinking_texture_negative_time() {
-    let tile = mock_atlas_tile(1);
-    let mut texture = BlinkingTexture::new(tile, 0.5);
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_first_toggle() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);

-    texture.tick(-0.1);
-    assert!(texture.is_on());
-    assert_eq!(texture.time_bank(), -0.1);
+    // Run system with 5 ticks (exactly one interval)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Entity should now be hidden
+    assert_that(&is_entity_hidden(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Check that timer was reset
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_second_toggle() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // First toggle: 5 ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+    assert_that(&is_entity_hidden(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Second toggle: another 5 ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_multiple_intervals() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 3);
+
+    // Run system with 7 ticks (2 complete intervals + 1 remainder)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 7);
+
+    // Should toggle twice (even number), so back to original state (not hidden)
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated to remainder
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_odd_intervals() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 2);
+
+    // Run system with 5 ticks (2 complete intervals + 1 remainder)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Should toggle twice (even number), so back to original state (not hidden)
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated to remainder
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_zero_interval_with_ticks() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Run system with any positive ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be hidden immediately
+    assert_that(&is_entity_hidden(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_zero_interval_no_ticks() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Run system with 0 ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Entity should not be hidden (no time passed)
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_zero_interval_toggle_back() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_hidden_blinking_entity(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Run system with any positive ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be unhidden
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_frozen_entity_unhidden() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_frozen_hidden_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Run system with ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Frozen entity should be unhidden and stay unhidden
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+    assert_that(&has_frozen_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_frozen_entity_no_blinking() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_frozen_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Run system with ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Frozen entity should not be hidden (blinking disabled)
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+    assert_that(&has_frozen_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_frozen_entity_timer_not_updated() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_frozen_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Run system with ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Timer should not be updated for frozen entities
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_entity_without_renderable_ignored() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+
+    // Spawn entity with only Blinking component (no Renderable)
+    let entity = world.spawn(Blinking::new(5)).id();
+
+    // Run system
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Entity should not be affected (not in query)
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_entity_without_blinking_ignored() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+
+    // Spawn entity with only Renderable component (no Blinking)
+    let entity = world
+        .spawn(Renderable {
+            sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+            layer: 0,
+        })
+        .id();
+
+    // Run system
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Entity should not be affected (not in query)
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_large_interval() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 1000);
+
+    // Run system with 500 ticks (less than interval)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 500);
+
+    // Entity should not be hidden yet
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(500);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_very_small_interval() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Run system with 1 tick
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be hidden
+    assert_that(&is_entity_hidden(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Run system with another 1 tick
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be unhidden
+    assert_that(&is_entity_visible(&world, entity)).is_true();
 }
--- a/tests/collision.rs
+++ b/tests/collision.rs
@@ -1,72 +1,8 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::system::RunSystemOnce;
+use pacman::systems::{check_collision, collision_system, Collider, EntityType, GhostState, Position};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;

-use pacman::{
-    error::GameError,
-    events::GameEvent,
-    map::builder::Map,
-    systems::{
-        check_collision, collision_system, Collider, EntityType, Ghost, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, Position,
-    },
-};
-
-fn create_test_world() -> World {
-    let mut world = World::new();
-
-    // Add required resources
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameEvent>::default());
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameError>::default());
-
-    // Add a minimal test map
-    world.insert_resource(create_test_map());
-
-    world
-}
-
-fn create_test_map() -> Map {
-    use pacman::constants::RAW_BOARD;
-    Map::new(RAW_BOARD).expect("Failed to create test map")
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_pacman(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((Position::Stopped { node: 0 }, Collider { size: 10.0 }, PacmanCollider))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_item(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((
-            Position::Stopped { node: 0 },
-            Collider { size: 8.0 },
-            ItemCollider,
-            EntityType::Pellet,
-        ))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_ghost(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((
-            Position::Stopped { node: 0 },
-            Collider { size: 12.0 },
-            GhostCollider,
-            Ghost::Blinky,
-            EntityType::Ghost,
-        ))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_ghost_at_node(world: &mut World, node: usize) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((
-            Position::Stopped { node },
-            Collider { size: 12.0 },
-            GhostCollider,
-            Ghost::Blinky,
-            EntityType::Ghost,
-        ))
-        .id()
-}
+mod common;

 #[test]
 fn test_collider_collision_detection() {
@@ -74,13 +10,13 @@ fn test_collider_collision_detection() {
    let collider2 = Collider { size: 8.0 };

    // Test collision detection
-    assert!(collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 5.0)); // Should collide (distance < 9.0)
-    assert!(!collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 15.0)); // Should not collide (distance > 9.0)
+    assert_that(&collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 5.0)).is_true(); // Should collide (distance < 9.0)
+    assert_that(&collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 15.0)).is_false(); // Should not collide (distance > 9.0)
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_check_collision_helper() {
-    let map = create_test_map();
+    let map = common::create_test_map();
    let pos1 = Position::Stopped { node: 0 };
    let pos2 = Position::Stopped { node: 0 }; // Same position
    let collider1 = Collider { size: 10.0 };
@@ -88,33 +24,31 @@ fn test_check_collision_helper() {

    // Test collision at same position
    let result = check_collision(&pos1, &collider1, &pos2, &collider2, &map);
-    assert!(result.is_ok());
-    assert!(result.unwrap()); // Should collide at same position
+    assert_that(&result.is_ok()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&result.unwrap()).is_true(); // Should collide at same position

    // Test collision at different positions
    let pos3 = Position::Stopped { node: 1 }; // Different position
    let result = check_collision(&pos1, &collider1, &pos3, &collider2, &map);
-    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    assert_that(&result.is_ok()).is_true();
    // May or may not collide depending on actual node positions
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_pacman_item() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _item = spawn_test_item(&mut world);
+    let (mut world, mut schedule) = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _item = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 0, EntityType::Pellet);

    // Run collision system - should not panic
-    world
-        .run_system_once(collision_system)
-        .expect("System should run successfully");
+    schedule.run(&mut world);
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_pacman_ghost() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _ghost = spawn_test_ghost(&mut world);
+    let (mut world, _) = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 0, GhostState::Normal);

    // Run collision system - should not panic
    world
@@ -124,22 +58,20 @@ fn test_collision_system_pacman_ghost() {

 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_no_collision() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _ghost = spawn_test_ghost_at_node(&mut world, 1); // Different node
+    let (mut world, mut schedule) = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 1, GhostState::Normal); // Different node

    // Run collision system - should not panic
-    world
-        .run_system_once(collision_system)
-        .expect("System should run successfully");
+    schedule.run(&mut world);
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_multiple_entities() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _item = spawn_test_item(&mut world);
-    let _ghost = spawn_test_ghost(&mut world);
+    let (mut world, _) = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _item = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 0, EntityType::Pellet);
+    let _ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 0, GhostState::Normal);

    // Run collision system - should not panic
    world
--- a/tests/common.rs
+++ b/tests/common.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, schedule::Schedule, world::World};
+use glam::{U16Vec2, Vec2};
+use pacman::{
+    asset::Asset,
+    constants::RAW_BOARD,
+    events::{CollisionTrigger, GameEvent},
+    game::ATLAS_FRAMES,
+    map::{
+        builder::Map,
+        direction::Direction,
+        graph::{Graph, Node},
+    },
+    systems::{
+        item_collision_observer, AudioEvent, AudioState, BufferedDirection, Collider, DebugState, DeltaTime, EntityType,
+        FruitSprites, Ghost, GhostCollider, GhostState, GlobalState, ItemCollider, MovementModifiers, PacmanCollider,
+        PelletCount, PlayerControlled, Position, ScoreResource, Velocity,
+    },
+    texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas},
+};
+use sdl2::{
+    image::LoadTexture,
+    pixels::Color,
+    render::{Canvas, TextureCreator},
+    video::{Window, WindowContext},
+    Sdl,
+};
+
+pub fn setup_sdl() -> Result<(Canvas<Window>, TextureCreator<WindowContext>, Sdl), String> {
+    let sdl_context = sdl2::init()?;
+    let video_subsystem = sdl_context.video()?;
+    let window = video_subsystem
+        .window("test", 800, 600)
+        .position_centered()
+        .hidden()
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let canvas = window.into_canvas().build().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
+    Ok((canvas, texture_creator, sdl_context))
+}
+
+pub fn create_atlas(canvas: &mut sdl2::render::Canvas<sdl2::video::Window>) -> SpriteAtlas {
+    let texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
+    let atlas_bytes = Asset::AtlasImage.get_bytes().unwrap();
+
+    let texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).unwrap();
+
+    let atlas_mapper = AtlasMapper {
+        frames: ATLAS_FRAMES.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), *v)).collect(),
+    };
+
+    SpriteAtlas::new(texture, atlas_mapper)
+}
+
+/// Creates a simple test graph with 3 connected nodes for testing
+pub fn create_test_graph() -> Graph {
+    let mut graph = Graph::new();
+
+    let node0 = graph.add_node(Node {
+        position: Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
+    });
+    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
+        position: Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
+    });
+    let node2 = graph.add_node(Node {
+        position: Vec2::new(0.0, 16.0),
+    });
+
+    graph.connect(node0, node1, false, None, Direction::Right).unwrap();
+    graph.connect(node0, node2, false, None, Direction::Down).unwrap();
+
+    graph
+}
+
+/// Creates a basic test world with required resources for ECS systems
+pub fn create_test_world() -> (World, Schedule) {
+    let mut world = World::new();
+
+    // Add required resources
+    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameEvent>::default());
+    world.insert_resource(Events::<pacman::error::GameError>::default());
+    world.insert_resource(Events::<AudioEvent>::default());
+    world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(0));
+    world.insert_resource(FruitSprites::default());
+    world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
+    world.insert_resource(GlobalState { exit: false });
+    world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
+    world.insert_resource(PelletCount(0));
+    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime {
+        seconds: 1.0 / 60.0,
+        ticks: 1,
+    }); // 60 FPS
+    world.insert_resource(create_test_map());
+
+    let schedule = Schedule::default();
+
+    world.add_observer(item_collision_observer);
+
+    (world, schedule)
+}
+
+/// Creates a test map using the default RAW_BOARD
+pub fn create_test_map() -> Map {
+    Map::new(RAW_BOARD).expect("Failed to create test map")
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test Pac-Man entity at the specified node
+pub fn spawn_test_pacman(world: &mut World, node: usize) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Collider { size: 10.0 },
+            PacmanCollider,
+            EntityType::Player,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a controllable test player entity
+pub fn spawn_test_player(world: &mut World, node: usize) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            PlayerControlled,
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Velocity {
+                speed: 1.0,
+                direction: Direction::Right,
+            },
+            BufferedDirection::None,
+            EntityType::Player,
+            MovementModifiers::default(),
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test item entity at the specified node
+pub fn spawn_test_item(world: &mut World, node: usize, item_type: EntityType) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Collider { size: 8.0 },
+            ItemCollider,
+            item_type,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test ghost entity at the specified node
+pub fn spawn_test_ghost(world: &mut World, node: usize, ghost_state: GhostState) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Collider { size: 12.0 },
+            GhostCollider,
+            Ghost::Blinky,
+            EntityType::Ghost,
+            ghost_state,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Sends a game event to the world
+pub fn send_game_event(world: &mut World, event: GameEvent) {
+    let mut events = world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>();
+    events.send(event);
+}
+
+/// Sends a collision event between two entities
+pub fn trigger_collision(world: &mut World, event: CollisionTrigger) {
+    world.trigger(event);
+}
+
+/// Creates a mock atlas tile for testing
+pub fn mock_atlas_tile(id: u32) -> AtlasTile {
+    AtlasTile {
+        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
+        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
+        color: Some(Color::RGB(id as u8, 0, 0)),
+    }
+}
--- a/tests/common/mod.rs
+++ b/tests/common/mod.rs
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(dead_code)]
-
-use pacman::{
-    asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
-    game::ATLAS_FRAMES,
-    texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, SpriteAtlas},
-};
-use sdl2::{
-    image::LoadTexture,
-    render::{Canvas, Texture, TextureCreator},
-    video::{Window, WindowContext},
-    Sdl,
-};
-
-pub fn setup_sdl() -> Result<(Canvas<Window>, TextureCreator<WindowContext>, Sdl), String> {
-    let sdl_context = sdl2::init()?;
-    let video_subsystem = sdl_context.video()?;
-    let window = video_subsystem
-        .window("test", 800, 600)
-        .position_centered()
-        .hidden()
-        .build()
-        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    let canvas = window.into_canvas().build().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    let texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
-    Ok((canvas, texture_creator, sdl_context))
-}
-
-pub fn create_atlas(canvas: &mut sdl2::render::Canvas<sdl2::video::Window>) -> SpriteAtlas {
-    let texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
-    let atlas_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::AtlasImage).unwrap();
-
-    let texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).unwrap();
-    let texture: Texture<'static> = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(texture) };
-
-    let atlas_mapper = AtlasMapper {
-        frames: ATLAS_FRAMES.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), *v)).collect(),
-    };
-
-    SpriteAtlas::new(texture, atlas_mapper)
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Ryan Walters	b58a7a8f63	chore: bump version, add 'dev-release' debug profile	2025-09-11 13:46:05 -05:00
Ryan Walters	f340de80f3	feat: subsystem toggling via feature, release mode console allocation with ANSI, desktop file subscriber	2025-09-11 13:45:01 -05:00
Ryan Walters	d9ea79db74	fix: only run most workflows against 'master' branch	2025-09-11 09:41:21 -05:00
Ryan Walters	126b6ff378	feat: fullscreen toggle key	2025-09-11 09:10:19 -05:00
Ryan Walters	36e9de1a1f	chore: bump to v0.80.0, update ROADMAP.md	2025-09-11 02:26:39 -05:00
Ryan Walters	9ad1704806	feat(audio): setup intro jingle, use fruit & ghost sounds, improve AudioEvent	2025-09-11 02:24:15 -05:00
Ryan Walters	86331afd52	refactor(audio): rename eat() to waka(), use play(Sound) for death() instead	2025-09-11 02:11:57 -05:00
Ryan Walters	cca205fe95	chore: compress .ogg audio files	2025-09-11 02:01:44 -05:00
Ryan Walters	00a65954e6	refactor: unify cross-platform asset loading, avoid hard-coding with folder-based asset embedding for desktop	2025-09-11 01:11:00 -05:00
Ryan Walters	43532dac56	feat(audio): centralize sound management with proper enum, improved iterator protocols, introduce new sound files	2025-09-11 00:40:09 -05:00
Ryan Walters	08c964c32e	feat: re-implement pausing mechanism with tick-perfect audio & state pauses	2025-09-11 00:03:14 -05:00
Ryan Walters	8b2d18b3da	chore: add 'fix' just recipe, remove temp ignore lines	2025-09-10 23:10:27 -05:00
Ryan Walters	46a73c5ace	fix: solve audio glitch/crackling on Emscripten via use higher buffer and AUDIO_S16LSB	2025-09-10 23:08:46 -05:00
Ryan Walters	a2783ae62d	refactor: refine asset enum, move around audio files, use OGG for death sound	2025-09-10 22:53:19 -05:00
Ryan Walters	83e0d1d737	fix: FruitSprites resource for common tests, disable Exit command bindings on Emscripten, update ROADMAP.md	2025-09-10 22:08:32 -05:00
Ryan Walters	d86864b6a3	feat: fruit display hud	2025-09-10 22:00:11 -05:00
Ryan Walters	d7a6ee7684	fix: flush world after switching to observer-based item collection	2025-09-10 21:45:10 -05:00
Ryan Walters	d84f0c831e	feat: proper scheduling via SystemSet, non-conditional game systems, better collision handling	2025-09-10 21:36:51 -05:00
Ryan Walters	ae19ca1795	feat: rewrite ghost/item collision eventing into trigger-based observer	2025-09-10 17:15:15 -05:00
Ryan Walters	abf341d753	fix: avoid constant recalculation of max character height in TtfAtlas	2025-09-10 14:09:07 -05:00
Ryan Walters	7b6dad0c74	refactor: remove unused component, simplify visibility check defaulting behavior, reformat STORY.md	2025-09-10 11:17:12 -05:00
Ryan Walters	5563b64044	refactor: replace immutable Hidden component with mutable Visibility component	2025-09-10 00:45:16 -05:00
Ryan Walters	cb691b0907	refactor: move animation components into new systems/animation submodule	2025-09-10 00:26:49 -05:00
Ryan Walters	ce8ea347e1	refactor: reorganize hud-related elements into systems/hud submodule	2025-09-09 17:00:32 -05:00
Ryan Walters	afae3c5e7b	fix: restore target_os for linux linker arg, add documentation detail	2025-09-09 16:49:01 -05:00
Ryan Walters	4f7902fc50	fix: cfg on ConsoleInit for windows/emscripten, use simplified cfg for windows/linux	2025-09-09 16:41:59 -05:00
Ryan Walters	2a2cca675a	fix: cfg limit tracing_buffer to windows only	2025-09-09 16:27:35 -05:00
Ryan Walters	f3a6b72931	chore: remove unused tests, fixup README & disable bad markdown lints	2025-09-09 14:22:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	ca006b5073	refactor: remove dead code, tune lints, remove useless tests	2025-09-09 14:22:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	139afb2d40	chore: update ROADMAP.md with latest progress, detail core feature targets & mechanics	2025-09-09 11:42:26 -05:00
Ryan Walters	5d56b31353	feat: fruit spawning mechanism, sprites, pellet counting, fruit trigger observer	2025-09-09 11:26:05 -05:00
Ryan Walters	b4990af109	chore: fix clippy lints part 972	2025-09-08 23:53:30 -05:00
Ryan Walters	088c496ad9	refactor: store common components & bundles in 'common' submodule, move others directly into relevant files, create 'animation' submodule	2025-09-08 23:53:30 -05:00
Ryan Walters	5bdf11dfb6	feat: enhance slow frame timing warning	2025-09-08 19:19:23 -05:00
Ryan Walters	c163171304	refactor: use Single<> for player queries	2025-09-08 16:50:28 -05:00
Ryan Walters	63e1059df8	feat: implement entity-based sprite system for HUD display (lives) - Spawn HUD elements as Renderables with simple change-based entity updates - Updated rendering systems to accommodate new precise pixel positioning for life sprites.	2025-09-08 16:22:40 -05:00
Ryan Walters	11af44c469	feat: add bottom row HUD, proper life display sprites	2025-09-08 14:30:33 -05:00
Ryan Walters	7675608391	chore(version): bump to v0.78.0	2025-09-08 14:07:34 -05:00
Ryan Walters	7d5b8e11dd	chore: bump dependencies, spin-sleep & windows/windows-sys	2025-09-08 14:06:53 -05:00
Ryan Walters	5aba1862c9	feat: improve tracing logs application-wide	2025-09-08 13:50:38 -05:00
Ryan Walters	e46d39a938	chore: split tests & checks into separate workflows	2025-09-08 13:22:58 -05:00
Ryan Walters	49a6a5cc39	feat: implement stage transition for ghost eaten pause and add TimeToLive component - `StageTransition` enum allows for collision system to apply state transition for ghost pausing. - Added `TimeToLive` component & `time_to_live_system` to provide temporary sprite rendering of bonus sprites. - Updated `stage_system` to handle the new ghost eaten pause state, including freezing entities and spawning bonus points.	2025-09-08 13:01:40 -05:00
Ryan Walters	ca50d0f3d8	chore: reformat README, move ideas into ROADMAP, add screenshots & image banner	2025-09-08 12:21:59 -05:00
Ryan Walters	774dc010bf	chore: add justforfunnoreally.dev badge, improve README.md, fixup STORY.md	2025-09-08 11:36:38 -05:00
Ryan Walters	e87d458121	fix: set PlayerLives default to 3, use resource for HUD lives count in top left yes I am fully aware that the UP is not the player lives, I'm just wanting the indicator to be somewhere and I'll make the proper indicator tomorrow probably	2025-09-08 01:23:26 -05:00
Ryan Walters	44f0b5d373	fix: use coveralls in README, use proper 'coverage' recipe, remove codecov.yml	2025-09-08 01:18:55 -05:00
Ryan Walters	c828034d18	chore(version): bump version to v0.77.0	2025-09-08 01:15:40 -05:00
Ryan Walters	823f480916	feat: setup pacman collision, level restart, game over, death sequence, switch to Vec for TileSequence	2025-09-08 01:14:32 -05:00
Ryan Walters	53306de155	chore: add precommit bacon job	2025-09-07 16:41:43 -05:00
Ryan Walters	6ddc6d1181	chore: setup auto tag & bump scripts with pre-commit	2025-09-07 15:12:19 -05:00
Ryan Walters	fff44faa05	fix: use serial single-thread testing for game integration tests	2025-09-07 00:10:49 -05:00
Ryan Walters	ca17984d98	feat: use cfg-based coverage exclusion to replace 'ignore-filename-regex' option, setup coveralls & nightly-based coverage	2025-09-06 14:51:23 -05:00
Ryan Walters	c8f389b163	feat: add pacman death sound	2025-09-06 12:15:08 -05:00
Ryan Walters	9c274de901	feat: setup dying sprites with sprite validation tests	2025-09-06 12:15:08 -05:00
Ryan Walters	9633611ae8	fix: downgrade to codecov-action v4, update escapes pattern, ignore codecov.json, slim codecov config	2025-09-06 12:15:07 -05:00
Ryan Walters	897b9b8621	fix: switch from lcov to codecov.json for Codecov reporting	2025-09-06 12:15:07 -05:00
Ryan Walters	ee2569b70c	ci: drop coveralls, add codecov config, change badge	2025-09-06 12:15:07 -05:00
Ryan Walters	84caa6c25f	ci: setup codecov coverage	2025-09-06 12:15:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	f92c9175b9	test: add ttf renderer tests	2025-09-06 12:15:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	d561b446c5	test: remove useless/redundant tests	2025-09-06 12:15:05 -05:00
Ryan Walters	9219c771d7	test: improve input & map_builder test coverage	2025-09-06 12:15:05 -05:00
Ryan Walters	cd501aafc4	test: general game testing	2025-09-06 12:15:05 -05:00
Ryan Walters	feae1ee191	test: add asset tests, file exists & has min size	2025-09-06 12:15:04 -05:00
Ryan Walters	2f0b9825c6	test: blinking system tests	2025-09-06 12:15:04 -05:00
Ryan Walters	cac490565e	refactor: use speculoos for all test assertions	2025-09-06 12:15:04 -05:00
Ryan Walters	b60888219b	fix: remove unused BlinkingTexture	2025-09-06 12:15:03 -05:00
Ryan Walters	3c50bfeab6	refactor: add ticks to DeltaTime, rewrite Blinking system for tick-based calculations with absolute calculations, rewrite Blinking/Direction tests	2025-09-06 12:15:03 -05:00
Ryan Walters	132067c573	feat: re-implement CustomFormatter to clone Full formatterr	2025-09-06 12:15:03 -05:00
Ryan Walters	42e309a46b	feat: enhance profiling with tick-based timing management and zero-padding for skipped frames	2025-09-06 12:15:02 -05:00
Ryan Walters	a38423f006	refactor: use welford's algorithm for one-pass avg/std dev. calculations, input logging tweaks	2025-09-06 12:15:02 -05:00
Ryan Walters	07bd127596	chore: move ttf context out of game.rs, remove unnecessary window event logging	2025-09-06 12:15:01 -05:00
Ryan Walters	da42d017e7	refactor: reorganize game.rs new() into separate functions	2025-09-06 12:15:01 -05:00
Ryan Walters	8b623ffabe	feat: sprite enums for avoiding hardcoded string paths	2025-09-06 12:15:01 -05:00
Ryan Walters	af81390e30	fix: use LARGE_SCALE for BatchedLineResource calculations	2025-09-06 12:15:00 -05:00
Ryan Walters	2fabd5d7a2	feat: measure total system timings using threading indifferent method, padded formatting	2025-09-06 12:15:00 -05:00
Ryan Walters	bcd9865430	chore: move BufferedWriter into tracing_buffer.rs	2025-09-06 12:15:00 -05:00
Ryan Walters	ed16da1e8f	feat: special formatting with game tick counter, remove date from tracing formatter	2025-09-06 12:14:59 -05:00
Ryan Walters	14882531c9	fix(ci): allow dead code in buffered_writer & tracing_buffer for desktop non-windows checks	2025-09-06 12:14:59 -05:00
Ryan Walters	2d36d49b13	feat: enumerate and display render driver info, increase node id text opacity	2025-09-06 12:14:59 -05:00
Ryan Walters	0f1e1d4d42	fix: do not use canvas.output_size() for calculations due to browser behavior	2025-09-04 16:06:28 -05:00
Ryan Walters	9e029966dc	chore: setup --debug/--release args for web build script & recipe, fix test lint	2025-09-04 14:47:35 -05:00
Ryan Walters	968eb39b64	feat: fix emscripten browser logging, streamline console initialization and logging	2025-09-04 14:07:24 -05:00
Ryan Walters	0759019c8b	fix: allow Window events, allows proper logical canvas resizing You have no idea how much pain this has been causing me.	2025-09-04 13:26:08 -05:00
Ryan Walters	17188df729	refactor(test): remove dead code and consolidate test utilities	2025-09-04 11:53:29 -05:00
Ryan Walters	b34c63cf9c	feat: add aspect ratio demo bin	2025-09-04 11:20:00 -05:00
Ryan Walters	57e7f395d7	feat: add drag reference control relaxation with easing, mild refactor	2025-09-04 11:19:48 -05:00
Ryan Walters	1f5af2cd96	feat: touch movement controls	2025-09-04 11:02:51 -05:00
Ryan Walters	36a2f00d8c	chore: set explicit ARGB8888 pixel format for transparency support, 'web' task with caddy fs	2025-09-04 00:13:48 -05:00
Ryan Walters	b8c7c29376	fix: calculation for rect position scaling in debug_renderer	2025-09-03 23:23:56 -05:00
Ryan Walters	a3c4e5267f	refactor: consolidate rendering systems into a combined render system for improved performance and reduced overhead	2025-09-03 23:09:19 -05:00
Ryan Walters	3e630bcbef	feat: run input_system less, rework profiling system to allow for conditional ticks, prepopulate and simplify locking mechanisms, drop RwLock	2025-09-03 23:09:19 -05:00
Ryan Walters	33775166a7	feat: add batching & merging of lines in debug rendering	2025-09-03 19:45:55 -05:00
Ryan Walters	f2732a7ff7	feat: improve debug rendering performance via batch rendering of rects	2025-09-03 19:15:05 -05:00
Ryan Walters	6771dea02b	fix: avoid padding jitter with constant name padding, minor timing calculation fixes	2025-09-03 19:00:45 -05:00
Ryan Walters	23f43288e1	feat: implement optimized text rendering by caching font characters into special atlas	2025-09-03 17:31:48 -05:00
Ryan Walters	028ee28840	fix: remove redundant double canvas copy	2025-09-03 17:31:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	a489bff0d1	chore: add timing demo bin	2025-09-03 17:31:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	0907b5ebe7	chore: remove unused functions, add 'web' task to Justfile	2025-09-03 16:31:21 -05:00
Ryan Walters	4cc5816d1f	refactor: use small_rng for Emscripten only, simplify platform to top-level functions only, no trait/struct	2025-09-03 11:11:04 -05:00
Ryan Walters	208ad3e733	chore: move spin-sleep to desktop only, rearrange Cargo dependencies	2025-09-03 11:04:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	24e8b3e3bc	fix: retain main SDL & audio contexts for application lifetime	2025-09-03 09:33:03 -05:00
dependabot[bot]	da0f4d856a	chore(deps): bump actions/upload-pages-artifact (#5 ) Bumps the dependencies group with 1 update: [actions/upload-pages-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-pages-artifact). Updates `actions/upload-pages-artifact` from 3 to 4 - [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-pages-artifact/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-pages-artifact/compare/v3...v4) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: actions/upload-pages-artifact dependency-version: '4' dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-major dependency-group: dependencies ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-09-03 08:28:39 -05:00
Ryan Walters	aaf30efde7	fix: only run coverage upload if secret is available	2025-09-03 08:23:33 -05:00
Ryan Walters	89f1e71568	chore: add 'samply' profiling helper task to Justfile	2025-09-02 15:42:13 -05:00
Ryan Walters	d6d0f47483	feat: optimize input system, avoid heap allocations, disable as many events as possible	2025-09-02 14:57:01 -05:00
Ryan Walters	1b0624a174	chore: add profiling profile for flamegraph	2025-09-02 14:52:11 -05:00
Ryan Walters	7dfab26898	refactor: drop remaining Box::leak & statics where possible	2025-09-02 13:44:40 -05:00
Ryan Walters	f2fc60b250	chore: add LICENSE, add missing metadata, clean up dependencies & use dev-dependencies, document choices	2025-09-02 13:23:43 -05:00
Ryan Walters	7cdd1b6ad9	refactor: use 'unsafe_textures' sdl2 feature to hide lifetimes & obscure leaks into upstream	2025-09-02 12:59:06 -05:00
Ryan Walters	d0a68faa51	chore: update dependencies, solve tracing-subscriber vulnerability	2025-09-02 09:47:11 -05:00
Ryan Walters	055dc85f2b	refactor: improve console handling & logs, scoped mutex lock, fix linux unused imports	2025-09-02 09:09:48 -05:00
Ryan Walters	39a5df1ffd	fix: use c-style strings instead of manual termination, cast pointer, use then_some	2025-09-02 08:52:08 -05:00
Ryan Walters	6637691157	feat: setup windows system console output detection for dynamic console attach	2025-09-02 00:31:59 -05:00
Ryan Walters	c79ba0d824	feat: buffer tracing logs before console init	2025-09-01 17:22:22 -05:00
Ryan Walters	b1b03b0e9c	refactor: move magic numbers & constants	2025-09-01 15:47:41 -05:00
Ryan Walters	a62ae8dfe7	fix: energizers don't change dead (eyes) ghosts	2025-09-01 15:39:17 -05:00
Ryan Walters	a21459f337	feat: revamp with better separate directional/linear animations, direction independent ticking	2025-09-01 15:28:57 -05:00
Ryan Walters	b53db3788d	refactor: unify ghost state management and animation handling, use integers for texture animation	2025-09-01 14:27:48 -05:00
Ryan Walters	e1a2e6ab62	fix: avoid switching ghost back to normal during eyes animation	2025-09-01 13:14:16 -05:00
Ryan Walters	2bdb039aa9	fix: correct broken timing format tests	2025-09-01 12:57:48 -05:00
Ryan Walters	6dd0152938	chore: remove unused dependencies	2025-09-01 12:46:39 -05:00
Ryan Walters	4881e33c6f	refactor: use U16Vec2 for sprites, remove unnecessary Deserialize trait	2025-09-01 12:44:13 -05:00
Ryan Walters	0cbd6f1aac	refactor: switch NodeId to u16, use I8Vec2 for grid coordinates	2025-09-01 12:37:44 -05:00
Ryan Walters	1206cf9ad1	feat: implement high score text rendering	2025-09-01 12:13:18 -05:00
Ryan Walters	bed913d016	fix: profiling system calculates mean of sums, not mean of means	2025-09-01 12:01:39 -05:00
Ryan Walters	98196f3e07	feat: ghost animation states, frightened/eaten behaviors, smallvec animation arrays	2025-09-01 11:46:18 -05:00
Ryan Walters	8f504d6c77	fix: correctly unhide in second pre-freeze stage	2025-09-01 10:28:08 -05:00