test: add ttf renderer tests

You have no idea how much pain this has been causing me.

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ jobs:
           done
 
       - name: Upload Artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.event_name == 'push'
         with:
           path: "./dist/"

.github/workflows/coverage.yaml

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ env:
 jobs:
   coverage:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v5
@@ -49,13 +51,13 @@ jobs:
           just coverage
 
       - name: Download Coveralls CLI
+        if: ${{ env.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN != '' }}
         run: |
           # use GitHub Releases URL instead of coveralls.io because they can't maintain their own files; it 404s
           curl -L https://github.com/coverallsapp/coverage-reporter/releases/download/v0.6.15/coveralls-linux-x86_64.tar.gz | tar -xz -C /usr/local/bin
 
       - name: Upload coverage to Coveralls
-        env:
-          COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
+        if: ${{ env.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN != '' }}
         run: |
           if [ ! -f "lcov.info" ]; then
             echo "Error: lcov.info file not found. Coverage generation may have failed."

.gitignore

@@ -15,3 +15,7 @@ assets/site/build.css
 # Coverage reports
 lcov.info
 coverage.html
+
+# Profiling output
+flamegraph.svg
+/profile.*

Cargo.lock

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bevy_reflect",
  "bevy_tasks",
  "bevy_utils",
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
  "bumpalo",
  "concurrent-queue",
  "derive_more",
@@ -221,9 +221,9 @@ checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.9.1"
+version = "2.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b8e56985ec62d17e9c1001dc89c88ecd7dc08e47eba5ec7c29c7b5eeecde967"
+checksum = "2261d10cca569e4643e526d8dc2e62e433cc8aba21ab764233731f8d369bf394"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -301,6 +301,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d630bccd429a5bb5a64b5e94f693bfc48c9f8566418fda4c494cc94f911f87cc"
+dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -336,9 +345,9 @@ checksum = "c9c272297e804878a2a4b707cfcfc6d2328b5bb936944613b4fdf2b9269afdfd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "downcast-rs"
-version = "2.0.1"
+version = "2.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea8a8b81cacc08888170eef4d13b775126db426d0b348bee9d18c2c1eaf123cf"
+checksum = "117240f60069e65410b3ae1bb213295bd828f707b5bec6596a1afc8793ce0cbc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
@@ -527,11 +536,11 @@ checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "matchers"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8263075bb86c5a1b1427b5ae862e8889656f126e9f77c484496e8b47cf5c5558"
+checksum = "d1525a2a28c7f4fa0fc98bb91ae755d1e2d1505079e05539e35bc876b5d65ae9"
 dependencies = [
- "regex-automata 0.1.10",
+ "regex-automata",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -554,12 +563,81 @@ checksum = "610a5acd306ec67f907abe5567859a3c693fb9886eb1f012ab8f2a47bef3db51"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nu-ansi-term"
-version = "0.46.0"
+version = "0.50.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
+checksum = "d4a28e057d01f97e61255210fcff094d74ed0466038633e95017f5beb68e4399"
 dependencies = [
- "overload",
- "winapi",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "35bd024e8b2ff75562e5f34e7f4905839deb4b22955ef5e73d2fea1b9813cb23"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-iter",
+ "num-rational",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-bigint"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a5e44f723f1133c9deac646763579fdb3ac745e418f2a7af9cd0c431da1f20b9"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-complex"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "73f88a1307638156682bada9d7604135552957b7818057dcef22705b4d509495"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-conv"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-integer"
+version = "0.1.46"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7969661fd2958a5cb096e56c8e1ad0444ac2bbcd0061bd28660485a44879858f"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-iter"
+version = "0.1.45"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1429034a0490724d0075ebb2bc9e875d6503c3cf69e235a8941aa757d83ef5bf"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-rational"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f83d14da390562dca69fc84082e73e548e1ad308d24accdedd2720017cb37824"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -583,26 +661,18 @@ version = "1.21.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "overload"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pacman"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bevy_ecs",
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
  "circular-buffer",
  "glam 0.30.5",
- "lazy_static",
  "libc",
  "micromap",
  "num-width",
- "once_cell",
  "parking_lot",
  "pathfinding",
  "phf",
@@ -612,15 +682,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "smallvec",
+ "speculoos",
  "spin_sleep",
  "strum",
  "strum_macros",
  "thiserror",
  "thousands",
+ "time",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-error",
  "tracing-subscriber",
- "winapi",
+ "windows",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -668,9 +741,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "913273894cec178f401a31ec4b656318d95473527be05c0752cc41cdc32be8b7"
+checksum = "c1562dc717473dbaa4c1f85a36410e03c047b2e7df7f45ee938fbef64ae7fadf"
 dependencies = [
  "phf_macros",
  "phf_shared",
@@ -679,9 +752,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf_generator"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2cbb1126afed61dd6368748dae63b1ee7dc480191c6262a3b4ff1e29d86a6c5b"
+checksum = "135ace3a761e564ec88c03a77317a7c6b80bb7f7135ef2544dbe054243b89737"
 dependencies = [
  "fastrand",
  "phf_shared",
@@ -689,9 +762,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf_macros"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d713258393a82f091ead52047ca779d37e5766226d009de21696c4e667044368"
+checksum = "812f032b54b1e759ccd5f8b6677695d5268c588701effba24601f6932f8269ef"
 dependencies = [
  "phf_generator",
  "phf_shared",
@@ -702,9 +775,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf_shared"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "06005508882fb681fd97892ecff4b7fd0fee13ef1aa569f8695dae7ab9099981"
+checksum = "e57fef6bc5981e38c2ce2d63bfa546861309f875b8a75f092d1d54ae2d64f266"
 dependencies = [
  "siphasher",
 ]
@@ -730,6 +803,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "portable-atomic",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ppv-lite86"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pretty_assertions"
 version = "1.4.1"
@@ -770,6 +858,17 @@ version = "0.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
 dependencies = [
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
  "rand_core",
 ]
 
@@ -788,28 +887,7 @@ version = "0.5.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5407465600fb0548f1442edf71dd20683c6ed326200ace4b1ef0763521bb3b77"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "regex"
-version = "1.11.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b544ef1b4eac5dc2db33ea63606ae9ffcfac26c1416a2806ae0bf5f56b201191"
-dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick",
- "memchr",
- "regex-automata 0.4.9",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.5",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "regex-automata"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c230d73fb8d8c1b9c0b3135c5142a8acee3a0558fb8db5cf1cb65f8d7862132"
-dependencies = [
- "regex-syntax 0.6.29",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -820,15 +898,9 @@ checksum = "809e8dc61f6de73b46c85f4c96486310fe304c434cfa43669d7b40f711150908"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.5",
+ "regex-syntax",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.6.29"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f162c6dd7b008981e4d40210aca20b4bd0f9b60ca9271061b07f78537722f2e1"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
 version = "0.8.5"
@@ -912,9 +984,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.142"
+version = "1.0.143"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "030fedb782600dcbd6f02d479bf0d817ac3bb40d644745b769d6a96bc3afc5a7"
+checksum = "d401abef1d108fbd9cbaebc3e46611f4b1021f714a0597a71f41ee463f5f4a5a"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -958,6 +1030,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "speculoos"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "00c84ba5fa63b0de837c0d3cef5373ac1c3c6342053b7f446a210a1dde79a034"
+dependencies = [
+ "num",
+ "serde_json",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "spin"
 version = "0.9.8"
@@ -973,7 +1055,7 @@ version = "1.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "14ac0e4b54d028c2000a13895bcd84cd02a1d63c4f78e08e4ec5ec8f53efd4b9"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1013,18 +1095,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "2.0.14"
+version = "2.0.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b0949c3a6c842cbde3f1686d6eea5a010516deb7085f79db747562d4102f41e"
+checksum = "3467d614147380f2e4e374161426ff399c91084acd2363eaf549172b3d5e60c0"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "2.0.14"
+version = "2.0.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cc5b44b4ab9c2fdd0e0512e6bece8388e214c0749f5862b114cc5b7a25daf227"
+checksum = "6c5e1be1c48b9172ee610da68fd9cd2770e7a4056cb3fc98710ee6906f0c7960"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1047,6 +1129,36 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "time"
+version = "0.3.43"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "83bde6f1ec10e72d583d91623c939f623002284ef622b87de38cfd546cbf2031"
+dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
+ "num-conv",
+ "powerfmt",
+ "serde",
+ "time-core",
+ "time-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "time-core"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "40868e7c1d2f0b8d73e4a8c7f0ff63af4f6d19be117e90bd73eb1d62cf831c6b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "time-macros"
+version = "0.2.24"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "30cfb0125f12d9c277f35663a0a33f8c30190f4e4574868a330595412d34ebf3"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-conv",
+ "time-core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_datetime"
 version = "0.6.11"
@@ -1119,14 +1231,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-subscriber"
-version = "0.3.19"
+version = "0.3.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e8189decb5ac0fa7bc8b96b7cb9b2701d60d48805aca84a238004d665fcc4008"
+checksum = "2054a14f5307d601f88daf0553e1cbf472acc4f2c51afab632431cdcd72124d5"
 dependencies = [
  "matchers",
  "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
- "regex",
+ "regex-automata",
  "sharded-slab",
  "smallvec",
  "thread_local",
@@ -1277,7 +1389,7 @@ version = "24.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "50ac044c0e76c03a0378e7786ac505d010a873665e2d51383dcff8dd227dc69c"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
  "js-sys",
  "log",
  "serde",
@@ -1285,26 +1397,115 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "winapi"
-version = "0.3.9"
+name = "windows"
+version = "0.61.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
+checksum = "9babd3a767a4c1aef6900409f85f5d53ce2544ccdfaa86dad48c91782c6d6893"
 dependencies = [
- "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
- "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "windows-collections",
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-future",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-numerics",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
+name = "windows-collections"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
+checksum = "3beeceb5e5cfd9eb1d76b381630e82c4241ccd0d27f1a39ed41b2760b255c5e8"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
-version = "0.4.0"
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.61.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
+checksum = "c0fdd3ddb90610c7638aa2b3a3ab2904fb9e5cdbecc643ddb3647212781c4ae3"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-future"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc6a41e98427b19fe4b73c550f060b59fa592d7d686537eebf9385621bfbad8e"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-threading",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a47fddd13af08290e67f4acabf4b459f647552718f683a7b415d290ac744a836"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd9211b69f8dcdfa817bfd14bf1c97c9188afa36f4750130fcdf3f400eca9fa8"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5e6ad25900d524eaabdbbb96d20b4311e1e7ae1699af4fb28c17ae66c80d798a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-numerics"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9150af68066c4c5c07ddc0ce30421554771e528bde427614c61038bc2c92c2b1"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-result"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56f42bd332cc6c8eac5af113fc0c1fd6a8fd2aa08a0119358686e5160d0586c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56e6c93f3a0c3b36176cb1327a4958a0353d5d166c2a35cb268ace15e91d3b57"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
@@ -1347,6 +1548,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.53.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-threading"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b66463ad2e0ea3bbf808b7f1d371311c80e115c0b71d60efc142cafbcfb057a6"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.52.6"
@@ -1458,7 +1668,7 @@ version = "0.39.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6f42320e61fe2cfd34354ecb597f86f413484a798ba44a8ca1165c58d42da6c1"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "bitflags 2.9.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1466,3 +1676,23 @@ name = "yansi"
 version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cfe53a6657fd280eaa890a3bc59152892ffa3e30101319d168b781ed6529b049"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.8.26"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1039dd0d3c310cf05de012d8a39ff557cb0d23087fd44cad61df08fc31907a2f"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.8.26"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ecf5b4cc5364572d7f4c329661bcc82724222973f2cab6f050a4e5c22f75181"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,73 +1,100 @@
 [package]
 name = "pacman"
 version = "0.2.0"
+authors = ["Xevion"]
 edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.86.0"
+description = "A cross-platform retro Pac-Man clone, written in Rust and supported by SDL2"
+readme = true
+homepage = "https://pacman.xevion.dev"
+repository = "https://github.com/Xevion/Pac-Man"
+license = "GPL-3.0-or-later"
+keywords = ["game", "pacman", "arcade", "sdl2"]
+categories = ["games", "emulators"]
+publish = false
+exclude = ["/assets/unpacked/**", "/assets/site/**", "/bacon.toml", "/Justfile"]
+default-run = "pacman"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
+bevy_ecs = "0.16.1"
+glam = "0.30.5"
+pathfinding = "4.14"
 tracing = { version = "0.1.41", features = ["max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug"]}
 tracing-error = "0.2.0"
-tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.17", features = ["env-filter"]}
-lazy_static = "1.5.0"
-sdl2 = { version = "0.38.0", features = ["image", "ttf"] }
-spin_sleep = "1.3.2"
-rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng", "os_rng"] }
-pathfinding = "4.14"
-once_cell = "1.21.3"
-thiserror = "2.0.14"
+tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.20", features = ["env-filter"]}
+time = { version = "0.3.43", features = ["formatting", "macros"] }
+thiserror = "2.0.16"
 anyhow = "1.0"
-glam = "0.30.5"
-serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0.142"
 smallvec = "1.15.1"
+bitflags = "2.9.4"
+micromap = "0.1.0"
+circular-buffer = "1.1.0"
+parking_lot = "0.12.3"
 strum = "0.27.2"
 strum_macros = "0.27.2"
-phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }
-bevy_ecs = "0.16.1"
-bitflags = "2.9.1"
-parking_lot = "0.12.3"
-micromap = "0.1.0"
 thousands = "0.2.0"
-pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
 num-width = "0.1.0"
-circular-buffer = "1.1.0"
+# While not actively used in code, `build.rs` generates code that relies on this. Keep the versions synchronized.
+phf = { version = "0.13.1", features = ["macros"] }
 
+# Windows-specific dependencies
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
+# Used for customizing console output on Windows; both are required due to the `windows` crate having poor Result handling with `GetStdHandle`.
+windows = { version = "0.61.3", features = ["Win32_Security", "Win32_Storage_FileSystem", "Win32_System_Console"] }
+windows-sys = { version = "0.60.2", features = ["Win32_System_Console"] }
+
+# Desktop-specific dependencies
+[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))'.dependencies]
+# On desktop platforms, build SDL2 with cargo-vcpkg
+sdl2 = { version = "0.38", default-features = false, features = ["image", "ttf", "gfx", "mixer", "unsafe_textures", "static-link", "use-vcpkg"] }
+rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["thread_rng"] }
+spin_sleep = "1.3.2"
+
+# Browser-specific dependencies
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies]
+# On Emscripten, we don't use cargo-vcpkg
+sdl2 = { version = "0.38", default-features = false, features = ["image", "ttf", "gfx", "mixer", "unsafe_textures"] }
+# TODO: Document why Emscripten cannot use `os_rng`.
+rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng", "os_rng"] }
+libc = "0.2.175"  # TODO: Describe why this is required.
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
+speculoos = "0.13.0"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+phf = { version = "0.13.1", features = ["macros"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.143"
+
+# phf generates runtime code which machete will not detect
+[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
+ignored = ["phf"]
+
+# Release profile for profiling (essentially the default 'release' profile with debug enabled)
+[profile.profile]
+inherits = "release"
+debug = true
+# Undo the customizations for our release profile
+opt-level = 3
+lto = false
+panic = 'unwind'
+
+# Optimized release profile for size
 [profile.release]
+opt-level = "z"
 lto = true
 panic = "abort"
-opt-level = "z"
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.winapi]
-version = "0.3"
-features = ["consoleapi", "fileapi", "handleapi", "processenv", "winbase", "wincon", "winnt", "winuser", "windef", "minwindef"]
-
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies.sdl2]
-version = "0.38"
-default-features = false
-features = ["ttf","image","gfx","mixer"]
-
-[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))'.dependencies.sdl2]
-version = "0.38"
-default-features = false
-features = ["ttf","image","gfx","mixer","static-link","use-vcpkg"]
 
 [package.metadata.vcpkg]
 dependencies = ["sdl2", "sdl2-image", "sdl2-ttf", "sdl2-gfx", "sdl2-mixer"]
 git = "https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg"
-rev = "2024.05.24" # release 2024.05.24 # to check for a new one, check https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/releases
+rev = "2024.05.24" # to check for a new one, check https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/releases
 
 [package.metadata.vcpkg.target]
 x86_64-pc-windows-msvc = { triplet = "x64-windows-static-md" }
 x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu = { triplet = "x64-linux" }
 x86_64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "x64-osx" }
 aarch64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "arm64-osx" }
-
-[target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies]
-libc = "0.2.175"
-
-[build-dependencies]
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0"
-phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }

Justfile

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ set windows-shell := ["powershell.exe", "-NoLogo", "-Command"]
 
 # Regex to exclude files from coverage report, double escapes for Justfile + CLI
 # You can use src\\\\..., but the filename alone is acceptable too
-coverage_exclude_pattern := "src\\\\app.rs|audio.rs|src\\\\error.rs|platform\\\\emscripten.rs"
+coverage_exclude_pattern := "src\\\\app\\.rs|audio\\.rs|src\\\\error\\.rs|platform\\\\emscripten\\.rs|bin\\\\.+\\.rs|main\\.rs|platform\\\\desktop\\.rs|platform\\\\tracing_buffer\\.rs|platform\\\\buffered_writer\\.rs|systems\\\\debug\\.rs|systems\\\\profiling\\.rs"
+
+binary_extension := if os() == "windows" { ".exe" } else { "" }
 
 # !!! --ignore-filename-regex should be used on both reports & coverage testing
 # !!! --remap-path-prefix prevents the absolute path from being used in the generated report
@@ -31,3 +33,13 @@ coverage:
     --output-path lcov.info \
     --profile coverage \
     --no-fail-fast nextest
+
+# Profile the project using 'samply'
+samply:
+    cargo build --profile profile
+    samply record ./target/profile/pacman{{ binary_extension }}
+
+# Build the project for Emscripten
+web *args:
+    bun run web.build.ts {{args}};
+    caddy file-server --root dist

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+# GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+<https://fsf.org/>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
+license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+## Preamble
+
+The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom
+to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains
+free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use
+the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies
+also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply
+it to your programs, too.
+
+When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
+these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you
+have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the
+software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom
+of others.
+
+For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
+freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
+or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
+know their rights.
+
+Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
+(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
+giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
+
+For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
+that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
+authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
+changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
+authors of previous versions.
+
+Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
+modified versions of the software inside them, although the
+manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the
+aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The
+systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for
+individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.
+Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the
+practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in
+other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those
+domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the
+freedom of users.
+
+Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
+States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
+software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish
+to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program
+could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL
+assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+
+The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+## TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+### 0. Definitions.
+
+"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
+of works, such as semiconductor masks.
+
+"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
+License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
+"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
+
+To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
+in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of
+an exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of
+the earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
+
+A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
+on the Program.
+
+To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
+permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
+infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
+computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
+distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
+public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+
+To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
+parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user
+through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not
+conveying.
+
+An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" to
+the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
+feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
+tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
+extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
+work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
+the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
+menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
+
+### 1. Source Code.
+
+The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source form of
+a work.
+
+A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
+standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
+interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
+is widely used among developers working in that language.
+
+The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
+than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
+packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
+Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
+Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
+implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
+"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
+(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
+(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
+produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
+
+The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
+the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
+work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
+control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
+System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
+programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
+which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
+includes interface definition files associated with source files for
+the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
+linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
+such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
+subprograms and other parts of the work.
+
+The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can
+regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
+
+The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
+work.
+
+### 2. Basic Permissions.
+
+All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
+copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
+conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
+permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
+covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
+content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
+rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+
+You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
+without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
+You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having
+them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with
+facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the
+terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
+control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for
+you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and
+control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
+copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
+
+Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
+conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes
+it unnecessary.
+
+### 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+
+No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
+measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
+11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
+similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
+measures.
+
+When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures to the extent such
+circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with
+respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit
+operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against
+the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures.
+
+### 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
+
+You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
+receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
+appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
+keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
+non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
+keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
+recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
+
+You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
+and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
+
+### 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
+
+You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
+produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
+terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
+conditions:
+
+- a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
+  it, and giving a relevant date.
+- b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
+  released under this License and any conditions added under
+  section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4
+  to "keep intact all notices".
+- c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
+  License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
+  License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
+  additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
+  regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
+  permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
+  invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
+- d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
+  Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
+  interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
+  work need not make them do so.
+
+A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
+works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
+and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
+in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
+"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
+used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
+beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
+in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
+parts of the aggregate.
+
+### 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+
+You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
+sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
+Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these
+ways:
+
+- a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+  (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
+  Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
+  customarily used for software interchange.
+- b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+  (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
+  written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
+  long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
+  model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
+  copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
+  product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
+  medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
+  more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
+  conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding
+  Source from a network server at no charge.
+- c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
+  written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
+  alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
+  only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
+  with subsection 6b.
+- d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
+  place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
+  Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
+  further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
+  Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
+  copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
+  may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
+  that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
+  clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
+  Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
+  Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
+  available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
+- e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission,
+  provided you inform other peers where the object code and
+  Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general
+  public at no charge under subsection 6d.
+
+A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
+from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
+included in conveying the object code work.
+
+A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
+tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
+family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
+incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
+consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of
+coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user,
+"normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of
+product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
+in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected
+to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of
+whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or
+non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant
+mode of use of the product.
+
+"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
+procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to
+install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User
+Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The
+information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of
+the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
+solely because modification has been made.
+
+If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
+specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
+part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
+User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
+fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
+Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
+by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
+if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
+modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
+been installed in ROM).
+
+The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
+requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
+updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
+recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
+installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification
+itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
+or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
+network.
+
+Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
+in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
+documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
+source code form), and must require no special password or key for
+unpacking, reading or copying.
+
+### 7. Additional Terms.
+
+"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
+License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
+Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
+be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
+that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
+apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
+under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
+this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+
+When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
+remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
+it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
+removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
+additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
+for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
+
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
+add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
+of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
+
+- a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
+  terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
+- b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
+  author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
+  Notices displayed by works containing it; or
+- c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material,
+  or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
+  reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+- d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors
+  or authors of the material; or
+- e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
+  trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+- f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
+  material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions
+  of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient,
+  for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly
+  impose on those licensors and authors.
+
+All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
+restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
+received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
+governed by this License along with a term that is a further
+restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
+a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
+License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
+of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
+not survive such relicensing or conveying.
+
+If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
+must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
+additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
+where to find the applicable terms.
+
+Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
+form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
+above requirements apply either way.
+
+### 8. Termination.
+
+You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
+provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
+modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
+this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
+paragraph of section 11).
+
+However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
+from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
+unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
+terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
+fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
+60 days after the cessation.
+
+Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+
+Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
+material under section 10.
+
+### 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+
+You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
+a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
+occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
+to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
+nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
+modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
+not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
+covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+### 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+
+Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
+receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
+propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
+for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
+organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
+organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
+work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
+transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
+licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
+give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
+Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
+the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+
+You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
+rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
+not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
+rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
+(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+### 11. Patents.
+
+A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
+
+A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims owned
+or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
+by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
+consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
+purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
+this License.
+
+Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
+patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
+propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+
+In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
+agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
+(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
+sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
+party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
+patent against the party.
+
+If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
+to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
+publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
+covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+
+A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within the
+scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
+the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
+granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
+are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
+business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
+third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
+work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
+who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
+license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
+you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
+connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
+covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
+license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+### 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
+this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
+consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to
+terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
+from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
+satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
+from conveying the Program.
+
+### 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+combination as such.
+
+### 14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions
+will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
+detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
+specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
+License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
+of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the
+Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public
+License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
+Software Foundation.
+
+If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
+of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public
+statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
+choose that version for the Program.
+
+Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+### 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
+WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
+PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
+DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
+CORRECTION.
+
+### 16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
+CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
+NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
+LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
+TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
+PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+### 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+## How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
+terms.
+
+To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
+attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state
+the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
+"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+        <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+        Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+        This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+        it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+        the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+        (at your option) any later version.
+
+        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+        but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+        GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+        along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
+mail.
+
+If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+        <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands \`show w' and \`show c' should show the
+appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
+program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
+use an "about box".
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow
+the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
+program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
+library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
+applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
+GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first,
+please read <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

build.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ struct MapperFrame {
     height: u16,
 }
 
+impl MapperFrame {
+    fn to_u16vec2_format(self) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "MapperFrame {{ pos: glam::U16Vec2::new({}, {}), size: glam::U16Vec2::new({}, {}) }}",
+            self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 fn main() {
     let path = Path::new(&env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("atlas_data.rs");
     let mut file = BufWriter::new(File::create(&path).unwrap());
@@ -37,12 +46,7 @@ fn main() {
     .unwrap();
 
     for (name, frame) in atlas_mapper.frames {
-        writeln!(
-            &mut file,
-            "    \"{}\" => MapperFrame {{ x: {}, y: {}, width: {}, height: {} }},",
-            name, frame.x, frame.y, frame.width, frame.height
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        writeln!(&mut file, "    \"{}\" => {},", name, frame.to_u16vec2_format()).unwrap();
     }
 
     writeln!(&mut file, "}};").unwrap();

src/app.rs

@@ -1,51 +1,40 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-use sdl2::render::TextureCreator;
-use sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext;
-use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
-use sdl2::{AudioSubsystem, EventPump, Sdl, VideoSubsystem};
-
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult};
 
 use crate::constants::{CANVAS_SIZE, LOOP_TIME, SCALE};
+use crate::formatter;
 use crate::game::Game;
-use crate::platform::get_platform;
+use crate::platform;
+use sdl2::pixels::PixelFormatEnum;
+use sdl2::render::RendererInfo;
+use sdl2::{AudioSubsystem, Sdl};
+use tracing::debug;
 
 /// Main application wrapper that manages SDL initialization, window lifecycle, and the game loop.
-///
-/// Handles platform-specific setup, maintains consistent frame timing, and delegates
-/// game logic to the contained `Game` instance. The app manages focus state to
-/// optimize CPU usage when the window loses focus.
 pub struct App {
     pub game: Game,
     last_tick: Instant,
     focused: bool,
+    // Keep SDL alive for the app lifetime so subsystems (audio) are not shut down
+    _sdl_context: Sdl,
+    _audio_subsystem: AudioSubsystem,
 }
 
 impl App {
     /// Initializes SDL subsystems, creates the game window, and sets up the game state.
     ///
-    /// Performs comprehensive initialization including video/audio subsystems, platform-specific
-    /// console setup, window creation with proper scaling, and canvas configuration. All SDL
-    /// resources are leaked to maintain 'static lifetimes required by the game architecture.
-    ///
     /// # Errors
     ///
     /// Returns `GameError::Sdl` if any SDL initialization step fails, or propagates
     /// errors from `Game::new()` during game state setup.
     pub fn new() -> GameResult<Self> {
-        let sdl_context: &'static Sdl = Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let video_subsystem: &'static VideoSubsystem =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.video().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let _audio_subsystem: &'static AudioSubsystem =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.audio().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let _ttf_context: &'static Sdl2TtfContext =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-        let event_pump: &'static mut EventPump =
-            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.event_pump().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-
-        // Initialize platform-specific console
-        get_platform().init_console()?;
+        let sdl_context = sdl2::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        let ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        let video_subsystem = sdl_context.video().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        let audio_subsystem = sdl_context.audio().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        let event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
         let window = video_subsystem
             .window(
@@ -58,27 +47,62 @@ impl App {
             .build()
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
-        let canvas = Box::leak(Box::new(
-            window
-                .into_canvas()
-                .accelerated()
-                .build()
-                .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?,
-        ));
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        struct DriverDetail {
+            info: RendererInfo,
+            index: usize,
+        }
+
+        let drivers: HashMap<&'static str, DriverDetail> = sdl2::render::drivers()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(index, d)| (d.name, DriverDetail { info: d, index }))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
+        let get_driver =
+            |name: &'static str| -> Option<u32> { drivers.get(name.to_lowercase().as_str()).map(|d| d.index as u32) };
+
+        {
+            let mut names = drivers.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            names.sort_by_key(|k| get_driver(k));
+            debug!("Drivers: {names:?}")
+        }
+
+        // Count the number of times each pixel format is supported by each driver
+        let pixel_format_counts: HashMap<PixelFormatEnum, usize> = drivers
+            .values()
+            .flat_map(|d| d.info.texture_formats.iter())
+            .fold(HashMap::new(), |mut counts, format| {
+                *counts.entry(*format).or_insert(0) += 1;
+                counts
+            });
+
+        debug!("Pixel format counts: {pixel_format_counts:?}");
+
+        let index = get_driver("direct3d");
+        debug!("Driver index: {index:?}");
+
+        let mut canvas = window
+            .into_canvas()
+            .accelerated()
+            // .index(index)
+            .build()
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
         canvas
             .set_logical_size(CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        debug!("Renderer: {:?}", canvas.info());
 
-        let texture_creator: &'static mut TextureCreator<WindowContext> = Box::leak(Box::new(canvas.texture_creator()));
+        let texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
 
-        let game = Game::new(canvas, texture_creator, event_pump)?;
-        // game.audio.set_mute(cfg!(debug_assertions));
+        let game = Game::new(canvas, ttf_context, texture_creator, event_pump)?;
 
         Ok(App {
             game,
             focused: true,
             last_tick: Instant::now(),
+            _sdl_context: sdl_context,
+            _audio_subsystem: audio_subsystem,
         })
     }
 
@@ -96,33 +120,11 @@ impl App {
         {
             let start = Instant::now();
 
-            // for event in self
-            //     .game
-            //     .world
-            //     .get_non_send_resource_mut::<&'static mut EventPump>()
-            //     .unwrap()
-            //     .poll_iter()
-            // {
-            //     match event {
-            //         Event::Window { win_event, .. } => match win_event {
-            //             WindowEvent::FocusGained => {
-            //                 self.focused = true;
-            //             }
-            //             WindowEvent::FocusLost => {
-            //                 self.focused = false;
-            //             }
-            //             _ => {}
-            //         },
-            //         Event::MouseMotion { x, y, .. } => {
-            //             // Convert window coordinates to logical coordinates
-            //             self.cursor_pos = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
-            //         }
-            //         _ => {}
-            //     }
-            // }
-
             let dt = self.last_tick.elapsed().as_secs_f32();
-            self.last_tick = Instant::now();
+            self.last_tick = start;
+
+            // Increment the global tick counter for tracing
+            formatter::increment_tick();
 
             let exit = self.game.tick(dt);
 
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ impl App {
             if start.elapsed() < LOOP_TIME {
                 let time = LOOP_TIME.saturating_sub(start.elapsed());
                 if time != Duration::ZERO {
-                    get_platform().sleep(time, self.focused);
+                    platform::sleep(time, self.focused);
                 }
             }
 

src/asset.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl Asset {
 mod imp {
     use super::*;
     use crate::error::AssetError;
-    use crate::platform::get_platform;
+    use crate::platform;
 
     /// Loads asset bytes using the appropriate platform-specific method.
     ///
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ mod imp {
     /// Returns `AssetError::NotFound` if the asset file cannot be located (Emscripten only),
     /// or `AssetError::Io` for filesystem I/O failures.
     pub fn get_asset_bytes(asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
-        get_platform().get_asset_bytes(asset)
+        platform::get_asset_bytes(asset)
     }
 }
 

src/bin/aspect_demo.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use sdl2::event::Event;
+use sdl2::keyboard::Keycode;
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::rect::Rect;
+
+// A self-contained SDL2 demo showing how to keep a consistent aspect ratio
+// with letterboxing/pillarboxing in a resizable window.
+//
+// This uses SDL2's logical size feature, which automatically sets a viewport
+// to preserve the target aspect ratio and adds black bars as needed.
+// We also clear the full window to black and then clear the logical viewport
+// to a content color, so bars remain visibly black.
+
+const LOGICAL_WIDTH: u32 = 320; // target content width
+const LOGICAL_HEIGHT: u32 = 180; // target content height (16:9)
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Initialize SDL2
+    let sdl = sdl2::init()?;
+    let video = sdl.video()?;
+
+    // Create a resizable window
+    let window = video
+        .window("SDL2 Aspect Ratio Demo", 960, 540)
+        .resizable()
+        .position_centered()
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    let mut canvas = window.into_canvas().build().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    // Set the desired logical (virtual) resolution. SDL will letterbox/pillarbox
+    // as needed to preserve this aspect ratio when the window is resized.
+    canvas
+        .set_logical_size(LOGICAL_WIDTH, LOGICAL_HEIGHT)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    // Optional: uncomment to enforce integer scaling only (more retro look)
+    // canvas.set_integer_scale(true)?;
+
+    let mut events = sdl.event_pump()?;
+
+    let mut running = true;
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut last_log = Instant::now();
+
+    while running {
+        for event in events.poll_iter() {
+            match event {
+                Event::Quit { .. }
+                | Event::KeyDown {
+                    keycode: Some(Keycode::Escape),
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    running = false;
+                }
+                Event::Window { win_event, .. } => {
+                    // Periodically log window size and the computed viewport
+                    // to demonstrate how letterboxing/pillarboxing behaves.
+                    use sdl2::event::WindowEvent;
+                    match win_event {
+                        WindowEvent::Resized(_, _)
+                        | WindowEvent::SizeChanged(_, _)
+                        | WindowEvent::Maximized
+                        | WindowEvent::Restored => {
+                            if last_log.elapsed() > Duration::from_millis(250) {
+                                let out_size = canvas.output_size()?;
+                                let viewport = canvas.viewport();
+                                println!(
+                                    "window={}x{}, viewport x={}, y={}, w={}, h={}",
+                                    out_size.0,
+                                    out_size.1,
+                                    viewport.x(),
+                                    viewport.y(),
+                                    viewport.width(),
+                                    viewport.height()
+                                );
+                                last_log = Instant::now();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 1) Clear the entire window to black (no viewport) so the bars are black
+        canvas.set_viewport(None);
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(0, 0, 0));
+        canvas.clear();
+
+        // 2) Re-apply logical size so SDL sets a viewport that preserves aspect
+        //    ratio. Clearing now only affects the letterboxed content area.
+        canvas
+            .set_logical_size(LOGICAL_WIDTH, LOGICAL_HEIGHT)
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+        // Fill the content area with a background color to differentiate from bars
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(30, 30, 40));
+        canvas.clear();
+
+        // Draw a simple grid to visualize scaling clearly
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(60, 60, 90));
+        let step = 20i32;
+        for x in (0..=LOGICAL_WIDTH as i32).step_by(step as usize) {
+            let _ = canvas.draw_line(sdl2::rect::Point::new(x, 0), sdl2::rect::Point::new(x, LOGICAL_HEIGHT as i32));
+        }
+        for y in (0..=LOGICAL_HEIGHT as i32).step_by(step as usize) {
+            let _ = canvas.draw_line(sdl2::rect::Point::new(0, y), sdl2::rect::Point::new(LOGICAL_WIDTH as i32, y));
+        }
+
+        // Draw a border around the logical content area
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(200, 200, 220));
+        let border = Rect::new(0, 0, LOGICAL_WIDTH, LOGICAL_HEIGHT);
+        canvas.draw_rect(border)?;
+
+        // Draw a moving box to demonstrate dynamic content staying within aspect
+        let elapsed_ms = start.elapsed().as_millis() as i32;
+        let t = (elapsed_ms / 8) % LOGICAL_WIDTH as i32;
+        let box_rect = Rect::new(t - 10, (LOGICAL_HEIGHT as i32 / 2) - 10, 20, 20);
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(255, 140, 0));
+        canvas.fill_rect(box_rect).ok();
+
+        canvas.present();
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/bin/timing_demo.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use circular_buffer::CircularBuffer;
+use pacman::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
+use sdl2::event::Event;
+use sdl2::keyboard::Keycode;
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
+    let sdl_context = sdl2::init()?;
+    let video_subsystem = sdl_context.video()?;
+
+    let window = video_subsystem
+        .window("SDL2 Timing Demo", CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
+        .opengl()
+        .position_centered()
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    let mut canvas = window.into_canvas().accelerated().build().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    canvas
+        .set_logical_size(CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+
+    let mut event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump()?;
+
+    // Store frame timings in milliseconds
+    let mut frame_timings = CircularBuffer::<20_000, f64>::new();
+    let mut last_report_time = Instant::now();
+    let report_interval = Duration::from_millis(500);
+
+    'running: loop {
+        let frame_start_time = Instant::now();
+
+        for event in event_pump.poll_iter() {
+            match event {
+                Event::Quit { .. }
+                | Event::KeyDown {
+                    keycode: Some(Keycode::Escape),
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    break 'running;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clear the screen
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGB(0, 0, 0));
+        canvas.clear();
+        canvas.present();
+
+        // Record timing
+        let frame_duration = frame_start_time.elapsed();
+        frame_timings.push_back(frame_duration.as_secs_f64());
+
+        // Report stats every `report_interval`
+        let elapsed = last_report_time.elapsed();
+        if elapsed >= report_interval {
+            if !frame_timings.is_empty() {
+                let count = frame_timings.len() as f64;
+                let sum: f64 = frame_timings.iter().sum();
+                let mean = sum / count;
+
+                let variance = frame_timings
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|value| {
+                        let diff = mean - value;
+                        diff * diff
+                    })
+                    .sum::<f64>()
+                    / count;
+                let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
+
+                println!(
+                    "Rendered {count} frames at {fps:.1} fps (last {elapsed:.2?}): mean={mean:.3?}, std_dev={std_dev:.3?}",
+                    count = frame_timings.len(),
+                    fps = count / elapsed.as_secs_f64(),
+                    elapsed = elapsed,
+                    mean = Duration::from_secs_f64(mean),
+                    std_dev = Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev),
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Reset for next interval
+            frame_timings.clear();
+            last_report_time = Instant::now();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/constants.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use glam::UVec2;
 ///
 /// Calculated as 1/60th of a second (≈16.67ms).
 ///
-/// Written out explicitly to satisfy const-eval constraints.
-pub const LOOP_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_nanos((1_000_000_000.0 / 60.0) as u64);
+/// Uses integer arithmetic to avoid floating-point precision loss.
+pub const LOOP_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_nanos(1_000_000_000 / 60);
 
 /// The size of each cell, in pixels.
 pub const CELL_SIZE: u32 = 8;
@@ -33,14 +33,12 @@ pub const BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET: UVec2 = UVec2::new(BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.x * CELL_SIZE
 
 /// Animation timing constants for ghost state management
 pub mod animation {
-    /// Normal ghost movement animation speed (frames per second)
-    pub const GHOST_NORMAL_SPEED: f32 = 0.2;
-    /// Eaten ghost (eyes) animation speed (frames per second)
-    pub const GHOST_EATEN_SPEED: f32 = 0.1;
-    /// Frightened ghost animation speed (frames per second)
-    pub const GHOST_FRIGHTENED_SPEED: f32 = 0.2;
-    /// Frightened ghost flashing animation speed (frames per second)
-    pub const GHOST_FLASHING_SPEED: f32 = 0.15;
+    /// Normal ghost movement animation speed (ticks per frame at 60 ticks/sec)
+    pub const GHOST_NORMAL_SPEED: u16 = 12;
+    /// Eaten ghost (eyes) animation speed (ticks per frame at 60 ticks/sec)
+    pub const GHOST_EATEN_SPEED: u16 = 6;
+    /// Frightened ghost animation speed (ticks per frame at 60 ticks/sec)
+    pub const GHOST_FRIGHTENED_SPEED: u16 = 12;
 
     /// Time in ticks when frightened ghosts start flashing (2 seconds at 60 FPS)
     pub const FRIGHTENED_FLASH_START_TICKS: u32 = 120;
@@ -51,6 +49,33 @@ pub const CANVAS_SIZE: UVec2 = UVec2::new(
     (BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.y) * CELL_SIZE,
 );
 
+pub const LARGE_SCALE: f32 = 2.6;
+
+pub const LARGE_CANVAS_SIZE: UVec2 = UVec2::new(
+    (((BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.x) * CELL_SIZE) as f32 * LARGE_SCALE) as u32,
+    (((BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y + BOARD_CELL_OFFSET.y) * CELL_SIZE) as f32 * LARGE_SCALE) as u32,
+);
+
+/// Collider size constants for different entity types
+pub mod collider {
+    use super::CELL_SIZE;
+
+    /// Collider size for player and ghosts (1.375x cell size)
+    pub const PLAYER_GHOST_SIZE: f32 = CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.375;
+    /// Collider size for pellets (0.4x cell size)
+    pub const PELLET_SIZE: f32 = CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4;
+    /// Collider size for power pellets/energizers (0.95x cell size)
+    pub const POWER_PELLET_SIZE: f32 = CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95;
+}
+
+/// UI and rendering constants
+pub mod ui {
+    /// Debug font size in points
+    pub const DEBUG_FONT_SIZE: u16 = 12;
+    /// Power pellet blink rate in ticks (at 60 FPS, 12 ticks = 0.2 seconds)
+    pub const POWER_PELLET_BLINK_RATE: u32 = 12;
+}
+
 /// Map tile types that define gameplay behavior and collision properties.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub enum MapTile {
@@ -102,3 +127,17 @@ pub const RAW_BOARD: [&str; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize] = [
     "#..........................#",
     "############################",
 ];
+
+/// Game initialization constants
+pub mod startup {
+    /// Number of frames for the startup sequence (3 seconds at 60 FPS)
+    pub const STARTUP_FRAMES: u32 = 60 * 3;
+    /// Number of ticks per frame during startup
+    pub const STARTUP_TICKS_PER_FRAME: u32 = 60;
+}
+
+/// Game mechanics constants
+pub mod mechanics {
+    /// Player movement speed multiplier
+    pub const PLAYER_SPEED: f32 = 1.15;
+}

src/error.rs

@@ -37,9 +37,6 @@ pub enum GameError {
     #[error("IO error: {0}")]
     Io(#[from] io::Error),
 
-    #[error("Serialization error: {0}")]
-    Serialization(#[from] serde_json::Error),
-
     #[error("Invalid state: {0}")]
     InvalidState(String),
 }
@@ -78,9 +75,6 @@ pub enum ParseError {
 /// Errors related to texture operations.
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum TextureError {
-    #[error("Animated texture error: {0}")]
-    Animated(#[from] AnimatedTextureError),
-
     #[error("Failed to load texture: {0}")]
     LoadFailed(String),
 
@@ -94,12 +88,6 @@ pub enum TextureError {
     RenderFailed(String),
 }
 
-#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum AnimatedTextureError {
-    #[error("Frame duration must be positive, got {0}")]
-    InvalidFrameDuration(f32),
-}
-
 /// Errors related to entity operations.
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum EntityError {

src/formatter.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+//! Custom tracing formatter with tick counter integration
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use time::macros::format_description;
+use time::{format_description::FormatItem, OffsetDateTime};
+use tracing::{Event, Level, Subscriber};
+use tracing_subscriber::fmt::format::Writer;
+use tracing_subscriber::fmt::{FmtContext, FormatEvent, FormatFields, FormattedFields};
+use tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan;
+
+/// Global atomic counter for tracking game ticks
+static TICK_COUNTER: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+
+/// Maximum value for tick counter display (16-bit hex)
+const TICK_DISPLAY_MASK: u64 = 0xFFFF;
+
+/// Cached format description for timestamps
+/// Uses 3 subsecond digits on Emscripten, 5 otherwise for better performance
+#[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
+const TIMESTAMP_FORMAT: &[FormatItem<'static>] = format_description!("[hour]:[minute]:[second].[subsecond digits:3]");
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+const TIMESTAMP_FORMAT: &[FormatItem<'static>] = format_description!("[hour]:[minute]:[second].[subsecond digits:5]");
+
+/// A custom formatter that includes both timestamp and tick counter in hexadecimal
+///
+/// Re-implementation of the Full formatter to add a tick counter and timestamp.
+pub struct CustomFormatter;
+
+impl<S, N> FormatEvent<S, N> for CustomFormatter
+where
+    S: Subscriber + for<'a> LookupSpan<'a>,
+    N: for<'a> FormatFields<'a> + 'static,
+{
+    fn format_event(&self, ctx: &FmtContext<'_, S, N>, mut writer: Writer<'_>, event: &Event<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let meta = event.metadata();
+
+        // 1) Timestamp (dimmed when ANSI)
+        let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
+        let formatted_time = now.format(&TIMESTAMP_FORMAT).map_err(|e| {
+            eprintln!("Failed to format timestamp: {}", e);
+            fmt::Error
+        })?;
+        write_dimmed(&mut writer, formatted_time)?;
+        writer.write_char(' ')?;
+
+        // 2) Tick counter, dim when ANSI
+        let tick_count = get_tick_count() & TICK_DISPLAY_MASK;
+        if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+            write!(writer, "\x1b[2m0x{:04X}\x1b[0m ", tick_count)?;
+        } else {
+            write!(writer, "0x{:04X} ", tick_count)?;
+        }
+
+        // 3) Colored 5-char level like Full
+        write_colored_level(&mut writer, meta.level())?;
+        writer.write_char(' ')?;
+
+        // 4) Span scope chain (bold names, fields in braces, dimmed ':')
+        if let Some(scope) = ctx.event_scope() {
+            let mut saw_any = false;
+            for span in scope.from_root() {
+                write_bold(&mut writer, span.metadata().name())?;
+                saw_any = true;
+                let ext = span.extensions();
+                if let Some(fields) = &ext.get::<FormattedFields<N>>() {
+                    if !fields.is_empty() {
+                        write_bold(&mut writer, "{")?;
+                        write!(writer, "{}", fields)?;
+                        write_bold(&mut writer, "}")?;
+                    }
+                }
+                if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+                    write!(writer, "\x1b[2m:\x1b[0m")?;
+                } else {
+                    writer.write_char(':')?;
+                }
+            }
+            if saw_any {
+                writer.write_char(' ')?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 5) Target (dimmed), then a space
+        if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+            write!(writer, "\x1b[2m{}\x1b[0m\x1b[2m:\x1b[0m ", meta.target())?;
+        } else {
+            write!(writer, "{}: ", meta.target())?;
+        }
+
+        // 6) Event fields
+        ctx.format_fields(writer.by_ref(), event)?;
+
+        // 7) Newline
+        writeln!(writer)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Write the verbosity level with the same coloring/alignment as the Full formatter.
+fn write_colored_level(writer: &mut Writer<'_>, level: &Level) -> fmt::Result {
+    if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+        // Basic ANSI color sequences; reset with \x1b[0m
+        let (color, text) = match *level {
+            Level::TRACE => ("\x1b[35m", "TRACE"), // purple
+            Level::DEBUG => ("\x1b[34m", "DEBUG"), // blue
+            Level::INFO => ("\x1b[32m", " INFO"),  // green, note leading space
+            Level::WARN => ("\x1b[33m", " WARN"),  // yellow, note leading space
+            Level::ERROR => ("\x1b[31m", "ERROR"), // red
+        };
+        write!(writer, "{}{}\x1b[0m", color, text)
+    } else {
+        // Right-pad to width 5 like Full's non-ANSI mode
+        match *level {
+            Level::TRACE => write!(writer, "{:>5}", "TRACE"),
+            Level::DEBUG => write!(writer, "{:>5}", "DEBUG"),
+            Level::INFO => write!(writer, "{:>5}", " INFO"),
+            Level::WARN => write!(writer, "{:>5}", " WARN"),
+            Level::ERROR => write!(writer, "{:>5}", "ERROR"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_dimmed(writer: &mut Writer<'_>, s: impl fmt::Display) -> fmt::Result {
+    if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+        write!(writer, "\x1b[2m{}\x1b[0m", s)
+    } else {
+        write!(writer, "{}", s)
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_bold(writer: &mut Writer<'_>, s: impl fmt::Display) -> fmt::Result {
+    if writer.has_ansi_escapes() {
+        write!(writer, "\x1b[1m{}\x1b[0m", s)
+    } else {
+        write!(writer, "{}", s)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Increment the global tick counter by 1
+///
+/// This should be called once per game tick/frame from the main game loop
+pub fn increment_tick() {
+    TICK_COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+}
+
+/// Get the current tick count
+///
+/// Returns the current value of the global tick counter
+pub fn get_tick_count() -> u64 {
+    TICK_COUNTER.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+}
+
+/// Reset the tick counter to 0
+///
+/// This can be used for testing or when restarting the game
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn reset_tick_counter() {
+    TICK_COUNTER.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+}

src/game.rs

@@ -2,44 +2,52 @@
 
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/atlas_data.rs"));
 
-use crate::constants::{animation, MapTile, CANVAS_SIZE};
-use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::constants::{self, animation, MapTile, CANVAS_SIZE};
+use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult};
 use crate::events::GameEvent;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
 use crate::map::direction::Direction;
 use crate::systems::blinking::Blinking;
+use crate::systems::components::{GhostAnimation, GhostState, LastAnimationState};
 use crate::systems::movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity};
-use crate::systems::profiling::SystemId;
+use crate::systems::profiling::{SystemId, Timing};
+use crate::systems::render::touch_ui_render_system;
 use crate::systems::render::RenderDirty;
-use crate::systems::{self, ghost_collision_system, present_system, Hidden, MovementModifiers};
 use crate::systems::{
-    audio_system, blinking_system, collision_system, debug_render_system, directional_render_system, dirty_render_system,
-    eaten_ghost_system, ghost_movement_system, ghost_state_animation_system, hud_render_system, item_system, profile,
-    render_system, AudioEvent, AudioResource, AudioState, BackbufferResource, Collider, DebugFontResource, DebugState,
-    DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, EntityType, Frozen, Ghost, GhostAnimationSet, GhostAnimations,
-    GhostBundle, GhostCollider, GlobalState, ItemBundle, ItemCollider, MapTextureResource, PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle,
-    PlayerControlled, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence, SystemTimings,
+    self, combined_render_system, ghost_collision_system, present_system, Hidden, LinearAnimation, MovementModifiers, NodeId,
+    TouchState,
 };
-use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
+use crate::systems::{
+    audio_system, blinking_system, collision_system, directional_render_system, dirty_render_system, eaten_ghost_system,
+    ghost_movement_system, ghost_state_system, hud_render_system, item_system, linear_render_system, profile, AudioEvent,
+    AudioResource, AudioState, BackbufferResource, Collider, DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimation,
+    EntityType, Frozen, Ghost, GhostAnimations, GhostBundle, GhostCollider, GlobalState, ItemBundle, ItemCollider,
+    MapTextureResource, PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence,
+    SystemTimings,
+};
+use crate::texture::animated::{DirectionalTiles, TileSequence};
 use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
+use crate::texture::sprites::{FrightenedColor, GameSprite, GhostSprite, MazeSprite, PacmanSprite};
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventRegistry;
 use bevy_ecs::observer::Trigger;
 use bevy_ecs::schedule::common_conditions::resource_changed;
 use bevy_ecs::schedule::{Condition, IntoScheduleConfigs, Schedule, SystemSet};
-use bevy_ecs::system::ResMut;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Local, ResMut};
 use bevy_ecs::world::World;
+use sdl2::event::EventType;
 use sdl2::image::LoadTexture;
 use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas, ScaleMode, TextureCreator};
 use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
 use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
 use sdl2::EventPump;
-use smallvec::smallvec;
 
 use crate::{
     asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
-    constants,
     events::GameCommand,
     map::render::MapRenderer,
+    systems::debug::{BatchedLinesResource, TtfAtlasResource},
     systems::input::{Bindings, CursorPosition},
     texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, SpriteAtlas},
 };
@@ -80,11 +88,113 @@ impl Game {
     /// Returns `GameError` for SDL2 failures, asset loading problems, atlas parsing
     /// errors, or entity initialization issues.
     pub fn new(
-        canvas: &'static mut Canvas<Window>,
-        texture_creator: &'static mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
-        event_pump: &'static mut EventPump,
+        mut canvas: Canvas<Window>,
+        ttf_context: sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext,
+        texture_creator: TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
+        mut event_pump: EventPump,
     ) -> GameResult<Game> {
-        let ttf_context = Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
+        Self::disable_sdl_events(&mut event_pump);
+
+        let (backbuffer, mut map_texture, debug_texture, ttf_atlas) =
+            Self::setup_textures_and_fonts(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, ttf_context)?;
+
+        let audio = crate::audio::Audio::new();
+
+        let (mut atlas, map_tiles) = Self::load_atlas_and_map_tiles(&texture_creator)?;
+        canvas
+            .with_texture_canvas(&mut map_texture, |map_canvas| {
+                MapRenderer::render_map(map_canvas, &mut atlas, &map_tiles);
+            })
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        let map = Map::new(constants::RAW_BOARD)?;
+
+        let (player_animation, player_start_sprite) = Self::create_player_animations(&atlas)?;
+        let player_bundle = Self::create_player_bundle(&map, player_animation, player_start_sprite);
+
+        let mut world = World::default();
+        let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
+
+        Self::setup_ecs(&mut world);
+        Self::insert_resources(
+            &mut world,
+            map,
+            audio,
+            atlas,
+            event_pump,
+            canvas,
+            backbuffer,
+            map_texture,
+            debug_texture,
+            ttf_atlas,
+        )?;
+        Self::configure_schedule(&mut schedule);
+
+        world.spawn(player_bundle).insert((Frozen, Hidden));
+        Self::spawn_ghosts(&mut world)?;
+        Self::spawn_items(&mut world)?;
+
+        Ok(Game { world, schedule })
+    }
+
+    fn disable_sdl_events(event_pump: &mut EventPump) {
+        for event_type in [
+            EventType::JoyAxisMotion,
+            EventType::JoyBallMotion,
+            EventType::JoyHatMotion,
+            EventType::JoyButtonDown,
+            EventType::JoyButtonUp,
+            EventType::JoyDeviceAdded,
+            EventType::JoyDeviceRemoved,
+            EventType::ControllerAxisMotion,
+            EventType::ControllerButtonDown,
+            EventType::ControllerButtonUp,
+            EventType::ControllerDeviceAdded,
+            EventType::ControllerDeviceRemoved,
+            EventType::ControllerDeviceRemapped,
+            EventType::ControllerTouchpadDown,
+            EventType::ControllerTouchpadMotion,
+            EventType::ControllerTouchpadUp,
+            EventType::DollarGesture,
+            EventType::DollarRecord,
+            EventType::MultiGesture,
+            EventType::ClipboardUpdate,
+            EventType::DropFile,
+            EventType::DropText,
+            EventType::DropBegin,
+            EventType::DropComplete,
+            EventType::AudioDeviceAdded,
+            EventType::AudioDeviceRemoved,
+            EventType::RenderTargetsReset,
+            EventType::RenderDeviceReset,
+            EventType::LocaleChanged,
+            EventType::TextInput,
+            EventType::TextEditing,
+            EventType::Display,
+            EventType::MouseWheel,
+            EventType::AppDidEnterBackground,
+            EventType::AppWillEnterForeground,
+            EventType::AppWillEnterBackground,
+            EventType::AppDidEnterForeground,
+            EventType::AppLowMemory,
+            EventType::AppTerminating,
+            EventType::User,
+            EventType::Last,
+        ] {
+            event_pump.disable_event(event_type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn setup_textures_and_fonts(
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
+        texture_creator: &TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
+        ttf_context: sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext,
+    ) -> GameResult<(
+        sdl2::render::Texture,
+        sdl2::render::Texture,
+        sdl2::render::Texture,
+        crate::texture::ttf::TtfAtlas,
+    )> {
         let mut backbuffer = texture_creator
             .create_texture_target(None, CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
@@ -95,27 +205,26 @@ impl Game {
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
         map_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
 
-        // Create debug texture at output resolution for crisp debug rendering
-        let output_size = canvas.output_size().unwrap();
+        let output_size = constants::LARGE_CANVAS_SIZE;
         let mut debug_texture = texture_creator
-            .create_texture_target(None, output_size.0, output_size.1)
+            .create_texture_target(Some(sdl2::pixels::PixelFormatEnum::ARGB8888), output_size.x, output_size.y)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-
-        // Debug texture is copied over the backbuffer, it requires transparency abilities
         debug_texture.set_blend_mode(BlendMode::Blend);
         debug_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
 
-        let font_data = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Font)?;
-        let static_font_data: &'static [u8] = Box::leak(font_data.to_vec().into_boxed_slice());
-        let font_asset = RWops::from_bytes(static_font_data).map_err(|_| GameError::Sdl("Failed to load font".to_string()))?;
+        let font_data: &'static [u8] = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Font)?.to_vec().leak();
+        let font_asset = RWops::from_bytes(font_data).map_err(|_| GameError::Sdl("Failed to load font".to_string()))?;
         let debug_font = ttf_context
-            .load_font_from_rwops(font_asset, 12)
+            .load_font_from_rwops(font_asset, constants::ui::DEBUG_FONT_SIZE)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
-        // Initialize audio system
-        let audio = crate::audio::Audio::new();
+        let mut ttf_atlas = crate::texture::ttf::TtfAtlas::new(texture_creator, &debug_font)?;
+        ttf_atlas.populate_atlas(canvas, texture_creator, &debug_font)?;
 
-        // Load atlas and create map texture
+        Ok((backbuffer, map_texture, debug_texture, ttf_atlas))
+    }
+
+    fn load_atlas_and_map_tiles(texture_creator: &TextureCreator<WindowContext>) -> GameResult<(SpriteAtlas, Vec<AtlasTile>)> {
         let atlas_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::AtlasImage)?;
         let atlas_texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).map_err(|e| {
             if e.to_string().contains("format") || e.to_string().contains("unsupported") {
@@ -130,106 +239,106 @@ impl Game {
         let atlas_mapper = AtlasMapper {
             frames: ATLAS_FRAMES.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), *v)).collect(),
         };
-        let mut atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(atlas_texture, atlas_mapper);
+        let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(atlas_texture, atlas_mapper);
 
-        // Create map tiles
         let mut map_tiles = Vec::with_capacity(35);
         for i in 0..35 {
-            let tile_name = format!("maze/tiles/{}.png", i);
-            let tile = atlas.get_tile(&tile_name).unwrap();
+            let tile_name = GameSprite::Maze(MazeSprite::Tile(i)).to_path();
+            let tile = atlas.get_tile(&tile_name)?;
             map_tiles.push(tile);
         }
 
-        // Render map to texture
-        canvas
-            .with_texture_canvas(&mut map_texture, |map_canvas| {
-                MapRenderer::render_map(map_canvas, &mut atlas, &map_tiles);
-            })
-            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        Ok((atlas, map_tiles))
+    }
 
-        let map = Map::new(constants::RAW_BOARD)?;
+    fn create_player_animations(atlas: &SpriteAtlas) -> GameResult<(DirectionalAnimation, AtlasTile)> {
+        let up_moving_tiles = [
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Up, 0)).to_path())?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Up, 1)).to_path())?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Full).to_path())?,
+        ];
+        let down_moving_tiles = [
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Down, 0)).to_path())?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Down, 1)).to_path())?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Full).to_path())?,
+        ];
+        let left_moving_tiles = [
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Left, 0)).to_path())?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Left, 1)).to_path())?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Full).to_path())?,
+        ];
+        let right_moving_tiles = [
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(
+                atlas,
+                &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Right, 0)).to_path(),
+            )?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(
+                atlas,
+                &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Right, 1)).to_path(),
+            )?,
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Full).to_path())?,
+        ];
 
-        // Create directional animated textures for Pac-Man
-        let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
-        let mut stopped_textures = [None, None, None, None];
-        for direction in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
-            let moving_prefix = match direction {
-                Direction::Up => "pacman/up",
-                Direction::Down => "pacman/down",
-                Direction::Left => "pacman/left",
-                Direction::Right => "pacman/right",
-            };
-            let moving_tiles = smallvec![
-                SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, &format!("{moving_prefix}_a.png"))
-                    .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!("{moving_prefix}_a.png"))))?,
-                SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, &format!("{moving_prefix}_b.png"))
-                    .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!("{moving_prefix}_b.png"))))?,
-                SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "pacman/full.png")
-                    .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("pacman/full.png".to_string())))?,
-            ];
+        let moving_tiles = DirectionalTiles::new(
+            TileSequence::new(&up_moving_tiles),
+            TileSequence::new(&down_moving_tiles),
+            TileSequence::new(&left_moving_tiles),
+            TileSequence::new(&right_moving_tiles),
+        );
 
-            let stopped_tiles = smallvec![SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, &format!("{moving_prefix}_b.png"))
-                .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!("{moving_prefix}_b.png"))))?];
+        let up_stopped_tile =
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Up, 1)).to_path())?;
+        let down_stopped_tile =
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Down, 1)).to_path())?;
+        let left_stopped_tile =
+            SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Left, 1)).to_path())?;
+        let right_stopped_tile = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(
+            atlas,
+            &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Moving(Direction::Right, 1)).to_path(),
+        )?;
 
-            textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(moving_tiles, 0.08)?);
-            stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(stopped_tiles, 0.1)?);
-        }
+        let stopped_tiles = DirectionalTiles::new(
+            TileSequence::new(&[up_stopped_tile]),
+            TileSequence::new(&[down_stopped_tile]),
+            TileSequence::new(&[left_stopped_tile]),
+            TileSequence::new(&[right_stopped_tile]),
+        );
 
-        let player = PlayerBundle {
+        let player_animation = DirectionalAnimation::new(moving_tiles, stopped_tiles, 5);
+        let player_start_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &GameSprite::Pacman(PacmanSprite::Full).to_path())?;
+
+        Ok((player_animation, player_start_sprite))
+    }
+
+    fn create_player_bundle(map: &Map, player_animation: DirectionalAnimation, player_start_sprite: AtlasTile) -> PlayerBundle {
+        PlayerBundle {
             player: PlayerControlled,
             position: Position::Stopped {
                 node: map.start_positions.pacman,
             },
             velocity: Velocity {
-                speed: 1.15,
+                speed: constants::mechanics::PLAYER_SPEED,
                 direction: Direction::Left,
             },
             movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers::default(),
             buffered_direction: BufferedDirection::None,
             sprite: Renderable {
-                sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "pacman/full.png")
-                    .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("pacman/full.png".to_string())))?,
+                sprite: player_start_sprite,
                 layer: 0,
             },
-            directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
-                textures,
-                stopped_textures,
-            },
+            directional_animation: player_animation,
             entity_type: EntityType::Player,
             collider: Collider {
-                size: constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.375,
+                size: constants::collider::PLAYER_GHOST_SIZE,
             },
             pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
-        };
+        }
+    }
 
-        let mut world = World::default();
-        let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
-
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameError>(&mut world);
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameEvent>(&mut world);
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<AudioEvent>(&mut world);
-
-        world.insert_resource(Self::create_ghost_animations(&atlas)?);
-        world.insert_resource(map);
-        world.insert_resource(GlobalState { exit: false });
-        world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(0));
-        world.insert_resource(SystemTimings::default());
-        world.insert_resource(Bindings::default());
-        world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(0f32));
-        world.insert_resource(RenderDirty::default());
-        world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
-        world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
-        world.insert_resource(CursorPosition::default());
-        world.insert_resource(StartupSequence::new(60 * 3, 60));
-
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(atlas);
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(event_pump);
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(canvas);
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(BackbufferResource(backbuffer));
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(MapTextureResource(map_texture));
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(DebugTextureResource(debug_texture));
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(DebugFontResource(debug_font));
-        world.insert_non_send_resource(AudioResource(audio));
+    fn setup_ecs(world: &mut World) {
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameError>(world);
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameEvent>(world);
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<AudioEvent>(world);
 
         world.add_observer(
             |event: Trigger<GameEvent>, mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>, _score: ResMut<ScoreResource>| {
@@ -238,7 +347,53 @@ impl Game {
                 }
             },
         );
+    }
 
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    fn insert_resources(
+        world: &mut World,
+        map: Map,
+        audio: crate::audio::Audio,
+        atlas: SpriteAtlas,
+        event_pump: EventPump,
+        canvas: Canvas<Window>,
+        backbuffer: sdl2::render::Texture,
+        map_texture: sdl2::render::Texture,
+        debug_texture: sdl2::render::Texture,
+        ttf_atlas: crate::texture::ttf::TtfAtlas,
+    ) -> GameResult<()> {
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(atlas);
+        world.insert_resource(Self::create_ghost_animations(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>())?);
+
+        world.insert_resource(BatchedLinesResource::new(&map, constants::LARGE_SCALE));
+        world.insert_resource(map);
+        world.insert_resource(GlobalState { exit: false });
+        world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(0));
+        world.insert_resource(SystemTimings::default());
+        world.insert_resource(Timing::default());
+        world.insert_resource(Bindings::default());
+        world.insert_resource(DeltaTime { seconds: 0.0, ticks: 0 });
+        world.insert_resource(RenderDirty::default());
+        world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
+        world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
+        world.insert_resource(CursorPosition::default());
+        world.insert_resource(TouchState::default());
+        world.insert_resource(StartupSequence::new(
+            constants::startup::STARTUP_FRAMES,
+            constants::startup::STARTUP_TICKS_PER_FRAME,
+        ));
+
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(event_pump);
+        world.insert_non_send_resource::<&mut Canvas<Window>>(Box::leak(Box::new(canvas)));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(BackbufferResource(backbuffer));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(MapTextureResource(map_texture));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(DebugTextureResource(debug_texture));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(TtfAtlasResource(ttf_atlas));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(AudioResource(audio));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn configure_schedule(schedule: &mut Schedule) {
         let input_system = profile(SystemId::Input, systems::input::input_system);
         let player_control_system = profile(SystemId::PlayerControls, systems::player_control_system);
         let player_movement_system = profile(SystemId::PlayerMovement, systems::player_movement_system);
@@ -247,17 +402,16 @@ impl Game {
         let ghost_movement_system = profile(SystemId::Ghost, ghost_movement_system);
         let collision_system = profile(SystemId::Collision, collision_system);
         let ghost_collision_system = profile(SystemId::GhostCollision, ghost_collision_system);
-        let vulnerable_tick_system = profile(SystemId::Ghost, systems::vulnerable_tick_system);
+
         let item_system = profile(SystemId::Item, item_system);
         let audio_system = profile(SystemId::Audio, audio_system);
         let blinking_system = profile(SystemId::Blinking, blinking_system);
         let directional_render_system = profile(SystemId::DirectionalRender, directional_render_system);
+        let linear_render_system = profile(SystemId::LinearRender, linear_render_system);
         let dirty_render_system = profile(SystemId::DirtyRender, dirty_render_system);
-        let render_system = profile(SystemId::Render, render_system);
         let hud_render_system = profile(SystemId::HudRender, hud_render_system);
-        let debug_render_system = profile(SystemId::DebugRender, debug_render_system);
         let present_system = profile(SystemId::Present, present_system);
-        let ghost_state_animation_system = profile(SystemId::GhostStateAnimation, ghost_state_animation_system);
+        let unified_ghost_state_system = profile(SystemId::GhostStateAnimation, ghost_state_system);
 
         let forced_dirty_system = |mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>| {
             dirty.0 = true;
@@ -266,7 +420,11 @@ impl Game {
         schedule.add_systems((
             forced_dirty_system.run_if(resource_changed::<ScoreResource>.or(resource_changed::<StartupSequence>)),
             (
-                input_system,
+                input_system.run_if(|mut local: Local<u8>| {
+                    *local = local.wrapping_add(1u8);
+                    // run every nth frame
+                    *local % 2 == 0
+                }),
                 player_control_system,
                 player_movement_system,
                 startup_stage_system,
@@ -275,50 +433,48 @@ impl Game {
             player_tunnel_slowdown_system,
             ghost_movement_system,
             profile(SystemId::EatenGhost, eaten_ghost_system),
-            vulnerable_tick_system,
-            ghost_state_animation_system,
+            unified_ghost_state_system,
             (collision_system, ghost_collision_system, item_system).chain(),
             audio_system,
             blinking_system,
             (
                 directional_render_system,
+                linear_render_system,
                 dirty_render_system,
-                render_system,
+                combined_render_system,
                 hud_render_system,
-                debug_render_system,
+                touch_ui_render_system,
                 present_system,
             )
                 .chain(),
         ));
+    }
 
-        // Spawn player and attach initial state bundle
-        world.spawn(player).insert((Frozen, Hidden));
+    fn spawn_items(world: &mut World) -> GameResult<()> {
+        let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(
+            world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(),
+            &GameSprite::Maze(MazeSprite::Pellet).to_path(),
+        )?;
+        let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(
+            world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(),
+            &GameSprite::Maze(MazeSprite::Energizer).to_path(),
+        )?;
 
-        // Spawn ghosts
-        Self::spawn_ghosts(&mut world)?;
-
-        let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/pellet.png")
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/pellet.png".to_string())))?;
-        let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/energizer.png")
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/energizer.png".to_string())))?;
-
-        // Build a list of item entities to spawn from the map
-        let nodes: Vec<(usize, EntityType, AtlasTile, f32)> = world
+        let nodes: Vec<(NodeId, EntityType, AtlasTile, f32)> = world
             .resource::<Map>()
             .iter_nodes()
             .filter_map(|(id, tile)| match tile {
-                MapTile::Pellet => Some((*id, EntityType::Pellet, pellet_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4)),
+                MapTile::Pellet => Some((*id, EntityType::Pellet, pellet_sprite, constants::collider::PELLET_SIZE)),
                 MapTile::PowerPellet => Some((
                     *id,
                     EntityType::PowerPellet,
                     energizer_sprite,
-                    constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95,
+                    constants::collider::POWER_PELLET_SIZE,
                 )),
                 _ => None,
             })
             .collect();
 
-        // Construct and spawn the item entities
         for (id, item_type, sprite, size) in nodes {
             let mut item = world.spawn(ItemBundle {
                 position: Position::Stopped { node: id },
@@ -328,13 +484,11 @@ impl Game {
                 item_collider: ItemCollider,
             });
 
-            // Make power pellets blink
             if item_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
-                item.insert((Frozen, Blinking::new(0.2)));
+                item.insert((Frozen, Blinking::new(constants::ui::POWER_PELLET_BLINK_RATE)));
             }
         }
-
-        Ok(Game { world, schedule })
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Creates and spawns all four ghosts with unique AI personalities and directional animations.
@@ -358,8 +512,9 @@ impl Game {
         for (ghost_type, start_node) in ghost_start_positions {
             // Create the ghost bundle in a separate scope to manage borrows
             let ghost = {
-                let animations = world.resource::<GhostAnimations>().0.get(&ghost_type).unwrap().clone();
+                let animations = *world.resource::<GhostAnimations>().get_normal(&ghost_type).unwrap();
                 let atlas = world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>();
+                let sprite_path = GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Left, 0)).to_path();
 
                 GhostBundle {
                     ghost: ghost_type,
@@ -369,22 +524,17 @@ impl Game {
                         direction: Direction::Left,
                     },
                     sprite: Renderable {
-                        sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &format!("ghost/{}/left_a.png", ghost_type.as_str())).ok_or_else(
-                            || {
-                                GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!(
-                                    "ghost/{}/left_a.png",
-                                    ghost_type.as_str()
-                                )))
-                            },
-                        )?,
+                        sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &sprite_path)?,
                         layer: 0,
                     },
-                    directional_animated: animations.normal().unwrap().clone(),
+                    directional_animation: animations,
                     entity_type: EntityType::Ghost,
                     collider: Collider {
-                        size: crate::constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.375,
+                        size: constants::collider::PLAYER_GHOST_SIZE,
                     },
                     ghost_collider: GhostCollider,
+                    ghost_state: GhostState::Normal,
+                    last_animation_state: LastAnimationState(GhostAnimation::Normal),
                 }
             };
 
@@ -395,103 +545,76 @@ impl Game {
     }
 
     fn create_ghost_animations(atlas: &SpriteAtlas) -> GameResult<GhostAnimations> {
-        let mut animations = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+        // Eaten (eyes) animations - single tile per direction
+        let up_eye = atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Eyes(Direction::Up)).to_path())?;
+        let down_eye = atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Eyes(Direction::Down)).to_path())?;
+        let left_eye = atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Eyes(Direction::Left)).to_path())?;
+        let right_eye = atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Eyes(Direction::Right)).to_path())?;
+
+        let eyes_tiles = DirectionalTiles::new(
+            TileSequence::new(&[up_eye]),
+            TileSequence::new(&[down_eye]),
+            TileSequence::new(&[left_eye]),
+            TileSequence::new(&[right_eye]),
+        );
+        let eyes = DirectionalAnimation::new(eyes_tiles, eyes_tiles, animation::GHOST_EATEN_SPEED);
+
+        let mut animations = HashMap::new();
 
         for ghost_type in [Ghost::Blinky, Ghost::Pinky, Ghost::Inky, Ghost::Clyde] {
-            // Normal animations
-            let mut normal_textures = [None, None, None, None];
-            for direction in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
-                let dir_str = direction.as_ref();
-                let tile_a = atlas
-                    .get_tile(&format!("ghost/{}/{}_a.png", ghost_type.as_str(), dir_str))
-                    .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!(
-                            "ghost/{}/{}_a.png",
-                            ghost_type.as_str(),
-                            dir_str
-                        )))
-                    })?;
-                let tile_b = atlas
-                    .get_tile(&format!("ghost/{}/{}_b.png", ghost_type.as_str(), dir_str))
-                    .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!(
-                            "ghost/{}/{}_b.png",
-                            ghost_type.as_str(),
-                            dir_str
-                        )))
-                    })?;
-                let tiles = smallvec![tile_a, tile_b];
-                normal_textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, animation::GHOST_NORMAL_SPEED)?);
-            }
-            let normal = DirectionalAnimated {
-                textures: normal_textures.clone(),
-                stopped_textures: normal_textures,
-            };
+            // Normal animations - create directional tiles for each direction
+            let up_tiles = [
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Up, 0)).to_path())?,
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Up, 1)).to_path())?,
+            ];
+            let down_tiles = [
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Down, 0)).to_path())?,
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Down, 1)).to_path())?,
+            ];
+            let left_tiles = [
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Left, 0)).to_path())?,
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Left, 1)).to_path())?,
+            ];
+            let right_tiles = [
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Right, 0)).to_path())?,
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Normal(ghost_type, Direction::Right, 1)).to_path())?,
+            ];
 
-            // Eaten (eyes) animations
-            let mut eaten_textures = [None, None, None, None];
-            for direction in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
-                let dir_str = direction.as_ref();
-                let tile = atlas
-                    .get_tile(&format!("ghost/eyes/{}.png", dir_str))
-                    .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!("ghost/eyes/{}.png", dir_str))))?;
-                eaten_textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(smallvec![tile], animation::GHOST_EATEN_SPEED)?);
-            }
-            let eaten = DirectionalAnimated {
-                textures: eaten_textures.clone(),
-                stopped_textures: eaten_textures,
-            };
+            let normal_moving = DirectionalTiles::new(
+                TileSequence::new(&up_tiles),
+                TileSequence::new(&down_tiles),
+                TileSequence::new(&left_tiles),
+                TileSequence::new(&right_tiles),
+            );
+            let normal = DirectionalAnimation::new(normal_moving, normal_moving, animation::GHOST_NORMAL_SPEED);
 
-            animations.insert(
-                ghost_type,
-                GhostAnimationSet::new(
-                    normal,
-                    DirectionalAnimated::default(), // Placeholder for frightened
-                    DirectionalAnimated::default(), // Placeholder for frightened_flashing
-                    eaten,
+            animations.insert(ghost_type, normal);
+        }
+
+        let (frightened, frightened_flashing) = {
+            // Load frightened animation tiles (same for all ghosts)
+            let frightened_blue_a =
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Frightened(FrightenedColor::Blue, 0)).to_path())?;
+            let frightened_blue_b =
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Frightened(FrightenedColor::Blue, 1)).to_path())?;
+            let frightened_white_a =
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Frightened(FrightenedColor::White, 0)).to_path())?;
+            let frightened_white_b =
+                atlas.get_tile(&GameSprite::Ghost(GhostSprite::Frightened(FrightenedColor::White, 1)).to_path())?;
+
+            (
+                LinearAnimation::new(
+                    TileSequence::new(&[frightened_blue_a, frightened_blue_b]),
+                    animation::GHOST_NORMAL_SPEED,
                 ),
-            );
-        }
+                LinearAnimation::new(
+                    TileSequence::new(&[frightened_blue_a, frightened_white_a, frightened_blue_b, frightened_white_b]),
+                    animation::GHOST_FRIGHTENED_SPEED,
+                ),
+            )
+        };
 
-        // Frightened animations (same for all ghosts)
-        let frightened_blue_a = atlas
-            .get_tile("ghost/frightened/blue_a.png")
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("ghost/frightened/blue_a.png".to_string())))?;
-        let frightened_blue_b = atlas
-            .get_tile("ghost/frightened/blue_b.png")
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("ghost/frightened/blue_b.png".to_string())))?;
-        let frightened_white_a = atlas
-            .get_tile("ghost/frightened/white_a.png")
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("ghost/frightened/white_a.png".to_string())))?;
-        let frightened_white_b = atlas
-            .get_tile("ghost/frightened/white_b.png")
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("ghost/frightened/white_b.png".to_string())))?;
-
-        let frightened_anim = AnimatedTexture::new(
-            smallvec![frightened_blue_a, frightened_blue_b],
-            animation::GHOST_FRIGHTENED_SPEED,
-        )?;
-        let flashing_anim = AnimatedTexture::new(
-            smallvec![frightened_blue_a, frightened_white_a, frightened_blue_b, frightened_white_b],
-            animation::GHOST_FLASHING_SPEED,
-        )?;
-
-        let frightened_da = DirectionalAnimated::from_animation(frightened_anim);
-        let frightened_flashing_da = DirectionalAnimated::from_animation(flashing_anim);
-
-        for ghost_type in [Ghost::Blinky, Ghost::Pinky, Ghost::Inky, Ghost::Clyde] {
-            let entry = animations.get_mut(&ghost_type).unwrap();
-            entry.animations.insert(
-                crate::systems::GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: false },
-                frightened_da.clone(),
-            );
-            entry.animations.insert(
-                crate::systems::GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: true },
-                frightened_flashing_da.clone(),
-            );
-        }
-
-        Ok(GhostAnimations(animations))
+        Ok(GhostAnimations::new(animations, eyes, frightened, frightened_flashing))
     }
 
     /// Executes one frame of game logic by running all scheduled ECS systems.
@@ -510,10 +633,23 @@ impl Game {
     ///
     /// `true` if the game should terminate (exit command received), `false` to continue
     pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) -> bool {
-        self.world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(dt));
+        self.world.insert_resource(DeltaTime { seconds: dt, ticks: 1 });
 
-        // Run all systems
+        // Note: We don't need to read the current tick here since we increment it after running systems
+
+        // Measure total frame time including all systems
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
         self.schedule.run(&mut self.world);
+        let total_duration = start.elapsed();
+
+        // Increment tick counter and record the total timing
+        if let (Some(timings), Some(timing)) = (
+            self.world.get_resource::<systems::profiling::SystemTimings>(),
+            self.world.get_resource::<Timing>(),
+        ) {
+            let new_tick = timing.increment_tick();
+            timings.add_total_timing(total_duration, new_tick);
+        }
 
         let state = self
             .world

src/lib.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ pub mod audio;
 pub mod constants;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod events;
+pub mod formatter;
 pub mod game;
 pub mod map;
 pub mod platform;

src/main.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+// Note: This disables the console window on Windows. We manually re-attach to the parent terminal or process later on.
 #![windows_subsystem = "windows"]
 
 use crate::{app::App, constants::LOOP_TIME};
 use tracing::info;
-use tracing_error::ErrorLayer;
-use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
 
 mod app;
 mod asset;
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ mod constants;
 
 mod error;
 mod events;
+mod formatter;
 mod game;
 mod map;
 mod platform;
@@ -23,18 +23,13 @@ mod texture;
 /// This function initializes SDL, the window, the game state, and then enters
 /// the main game loop.
 pub fn main() {
-    // Setup tracing
-    let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
-        .with_ansi(cfg!(not(target_os = "emscripten")))
-        .with_max_level(tracing::Level::DEBUG)
-        .finish()
-        .with(ErrorLayer::default());
-
-    tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber).expect("Could not set global default");
+    // On Windows, this connects output streams to the console dynamically
+    // On Emscripten, this connects the subscriber to the browser console
+    platform::init_console().expect("Could not initialize console");
 
     let mut app = App::new().expect("Could not create app");
 
-    info!("Starting game loop ({:?})", LOOP_TIME);
+    info!(loop_time = ?LOOP_TIME, "Starting game loop");
 
     loop {
         if !app.run() {

src/map/builder.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::map::graph::{Graph, Node, TraversalFlags};
 use crate::map::parser::MapTileParser;
 use crate::systems::movement::NodeId;
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
-use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
+use glam::{I8Vec2, IVec2, Vec2};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use tracing::debug;
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct Map {
     /// Connected graph of navigable positions.
     pub graph: Graph,
     /// Bidirectional mapping between 2D grid coordinates and graph node indices.
-    pub grid_to_node: HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
+    pub grid_to_node: HashMap<I8Vec2, NodeId>,
     /// Predetermined spawn locations for all game entities
     pub start_positions: NodePositions,
     /// 2D array of tile types for collision detection and rendering
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ impl Map {
         let mut queue = VecDeque::new();
         queue.push_back(start_pos);
         let pos = Vec2::new(
-            (start_pos.x * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
-            (start_pos.y * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+            (start_pos.x as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+            (start_pos.y as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
         ) + cell_offset;
         let node_id = graph.add_node(Node { position: pos });
         grid_to_node.insert(start_pos, node_id);
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ impl Map {
 
                 // Skip if the new position is out of bounds
                 if new_position.x < 0
-                    || new_position.x >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as i32
+                    || new_position.x as i32 >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as i32
                     || new_position.y < 0
-                    || new_position.y >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as i32
+                    || new_position.y as i32 >= BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as i32
                 {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ impl Map {
                 ) {
                     // Add the new position to the graph/queue
                     let pos = Vec2::new(
-                        (new_position.x * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
-                        (new_position.y * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+                        (new_position.x as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+                        (new_position.y as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
                     ) + cell_offset;
                     let new_node_id = graph.add_node(Node { position: pos });
                     grid_to_node.insert(new_position, new_node_id);
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ impl Map {
         for (grid_pos, &node_id) in &grid_to_node {
             for dir in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
                 // If the node doesn't have an edge in this direction, look for a neighbor in that direction
-                if graph.adjacency_list[node_id].get(dir).is_none() {
+                if graph.adjacency_list[node_id as usize].get(dir).is_none() {
                     let neighbor = grid_pos + dir.as_ivec2();
                     // If the neighbor exists, connect the node to it
                     if let Some(&neighbor_id) = grid_to_node.get(&neighbor) {
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ impl Map {
     /// representing the four key positions within the ghost house structure.
     fn build_house(
         graph: &mut Graph,
-        grid_to_node: &HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
-        house_door: &[Option<IVec2>; 2],
-    ) -> GameResult<(usize, usize, usize, usize)> {
+        grid_to_node: &HashMap<I8Vec2, NodeId>,
+        house_door: &[Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
+    ) -> GameResult<(NodeId, NodeId, NodeId, NodeId)> {
         // Calculate the position of the house entrance node
         let (house_entrance_node_id, house_entrance_node_position) = {
             // Translate the grid positions to the actual node ids
@@ -222,10 +222,13 @@ impl Map {
 
             // Calculate the position of the house node
             let (node_id, node_position) = {
-                let left_pos = graph.get_node(*left_node).ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*left_node))?.position;
+                let left_pos = graph
+                    .get_node(*left_node)
+                    .ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*left_node as usize))?
+                    .position;
                 let right_pos = graph
                     .get_node(*right_node)
-                    .ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*right_node))?
+                    .ok_or(MapError::NodeNotFound(*right_node as usize))?
                     .position;
                 let house_node = graph.add_node(Node {
                     position: left_pos.lerp(right_pos, 0.5),
@@ -249,10 +252,10 @@ impl Map {
             // Place the nodes at, above, and below the center position
             let center_node_id = graph.add_node(Node { position: center_pos });
             let top_node_id = graph.add_node(Node {
-                position: center_pos + (Direction::Up.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 / 2)).as_vec2(),
+                position: center_pos + IVec2::from(Direction::Up.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 / 2.0),
             });
             let bottom_node_id = graph.add_node(Node {
-                position: center_pos + (Direction::Down.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 / 2)).as_vec2(),
+                position: center_pos + IVec2::from(Direction::Down.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 / 2.0),
             });
 
             // Connect the center node to the top and bottom nodes
@@ -268,7 +271,7 @@ impl Map {
 
         // Calculate the position of the center line's center node
         let center_line_center_position =
-            house_entrance_node_position + (Direction::Down.as_ivec2() * (3 * CELL_SIZE as i32)).as_vec2();
+            house_entrance_node_position + IVec2::from(Direction::Down.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (3.0 * CELL_SIZE as f32);
 
         // Create the center line
         let (center_center_node_id, center_top_node_id) = create_house_line(graph, center_line_center_position)?;
@@ -300,13 +303,13 @@ impl Map {
         // Create the left line
         let (left_center_node_id, _) = create_house_line(
             graph,
-            center_line_center_position + (Direction::Left.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+            center_line_center_position + IVec2::from(Direction::Left.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
         )?;
 
         // Create the right line
         let (right_center_node_id, _) = create_house_line(
             graph,
-            center_line_center_position + (Direction::Right.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+            center_line_center_position + IVec2::from(Direction::Right.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
         )?;
 
         debug!("Left center node id: {left_center_node_id}");
@@ -336,8 +339,8 @@ impl Map {
     /// Creates hidden intermediate nodes beyond the visible tunnel entrances and connects them with zero-distance edges for instantaneous traversal.
     fn build_tunnels(
         graph: &mut Graph,
-        grid_to_node: &HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
-        tunnel_ends: &[Option<IVec2>; 2],
+        grid_to_node: &HashMap<I8Vec2, NodeId>,
+        tunnel_ends: &[Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
     ) -> GameResult<()> {
         // Create the hidden tunnel nodes
         let left_tunnel_hidden_node_id = {
@@ -353,15 +356,10 @@ impl Map {
                     Direction::Left,
                     Node {
                         position: left_tunnel_entrance_node.position
-                            + (Direction::Left.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+                            + IVec2::from(Direction::Left.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
                     },
                 )
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    MapError::InvalidConfig(format!(
-                        "Failed to connect left tunnel entrance to left tunnel hidden node: {}",
-                        e
-                    ))
-                })?
+                .expect("Failed to connect left tunnel entrance to left tunnel hidden node")
         };
 
         // Create the right tunnel nodes
@@ -378,15 +376,10 @@ impl Map {
                     Direction::Right,
                     Node {
                         position: right_tunnel_entrance_node.position
-                            + (Direction::Right.as_ivec2() * (CELL_SIZE as i32 * 2)).as_vec2(),
+                            + IVec2::from(Direction::Right.as_ivec2()).as_vec2() * (CELL_SIZE as f32 * 2.0),
                     },
                 )
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    MapError::InvalidConfig(format!(
-                        "Failed to connect right tunnel entrance to right tunnel hidden node: {}",
-                        e
-                    ))
-                })?
+                .expect("Failed to connect right tunnel entrance to right tunnel hidden node")
         };
 
         // Connect the left tunnel hidden node to the right tunnel hidden node
@@ -398,12 +391,7 @@ impl Map {
                 Some(0.0),
                 Direction::Left,
             )
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                MapError::InvalidConfig(format!(
-                    "Failed to connect left tunnel hidden node to right tunnel hidden node: {}",
-                    e
-                ))
-            })?;
+            .expect("Failed to connect left tunnel hidden node to right tunnel hidden node");
 
         Ok(())
     }

src/map/direction.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use glam::IVec2;
+use glam::I8Vec2;
 use strum_macros::AsRefStr;
 
 /// The four cardinal directions.
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ impl Direction {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the direction as an IVec2.
-    pub fn as_ivec2(self) -> IVec2 {
+    /// Returns the direction as an I8Vec2.
+    pub fn as_ivec2(self) -> I8Vec2 {
         self.into()
     }
 
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ impl Direction {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Direction> for IVec2 {
+impl From<Direction> for I8Vec2 {
     fn from(dir: Direction) -> Self {
         match dir {
-            Direction::Up => -IVec2::Y,
-            Direction::Down => IVec2::Y,
-            Direction::Left => -IVec2::X,
-            Direction::Right => IVec2::X,
+            Direction::Up => -I8Vec2::Y,
+            Direction::Down => I8Vec2::Y,
+            Direction::Left => -I8Vec2::X,
+            Direction::Right => I8Vec2::X,
         }
     }
 }

src/map/graph.rs

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl Graph {
 
     /// Adds a new node with the given data to the graph and returns its ID.
     pub fn add_node(&mut self, data: Node) -> NodeId {
-        let id = self.nodes.len();
+        let id = self.nodes.len() as NodeId;
         self.nodes.push(data);
         self.adjacency_list.push(Intersection::default());
         id
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ impl Graph {
         distance: Option<f32>,
         direction: Direction,
     ) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-        if from >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
+        if from as usize >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
             return Err("From node does not exist.");
         }
-        if to >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
+        if to as usize >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
             return Err("To node does not exist.");
         }
 
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ impl Graph {
                 }
                 None => {
                     // If no distance is provided, calculate it based on the positions of the nodes
-                    let from_pos = self.nodes[from].position;
-                    let to_pos = self.nodes[to].position;
+                    let from_pos = self.nodes[from as usize].position;
+                    let to_pos = self.nodes[to as usize].position;
                     from_pos.distance(to_pos)
                 }
             },
@@ -187,11 +187,11 @@ impl Graph {
             traversal_flags,
         };
 
-        if from >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
+        if from as usize >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
             return Err("From node does not exist.");
         }
 
-        let adjacency_list = &mut self.adjacency_list[from];
+        let adjacency_list = &mut self.adjacency_list[from as usize];
 
         // Check if the edge already exists in this direction or to the same target
         if let Some(err) = adjacency_list.edges().find_map(|e| {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ impl Graph {
 
     /// Retrieves an immutable reference to a node's data.
     pub fn get_node(&self, id: NodeId) -> Option<&Node> {
-        self.nodes.get(id)
+        self.nodes.get(id as usize)
     }
 
     /// Returns an iterator over all nodes in the graph.
@@ -228,17 +228,17 @@ impl Graph {
         self.adjacency_list
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
-            .flat_map(|(node_id, intersection)| intersection.edges().map(move |edge| (node_id, edge)))
+            .flat_map(|(node_id, intersection)| intersection.edges().map(move |edge| (node_id as NodeId, edge)))
     }
 
     /// Finds a specific edge from a source node to a target node.
     pub fn find_edge(&self, from: NodeId, to: NodeId) -> Option<Edge> {
-        self.adjacency_list.get(from)?.edges().find(|edge| edge.target == to)
+        self.adjacency_list.get(from as usize)?.edges().find(|edge| edge.target == to)
     }
 
     /// Finds an edge originating from a given node that follows a specific direction.
     pub fn find_edge_in_direction(&self, from: NodeId, direction: Direction) -> Option<Edge> {
-        self.adjacency_list.get(from)?.get(direction)
+        self.adjacency_list.get(from as usize)?.get(direction)
     }
 }
 

src/map/parser.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_CELL_SIZE};
 use crate::error::ParseError;
-use glam::IVec2;
+use glam::I8Vec2;
 
 /// Structured representation of parsed ASCII board layout with extracted special positions.
 ///
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ pub struct ParsedMap {
     /// 2D array of tiles converted from ASCII characters
     pub tiles: [[MapTile; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize],
     /// Two positions marking the ghost house entrance (represented by '=' characters)
-    pub house_door: [Option<IVec2>; 2],
+    pub house_door: [Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
     /// Two positions marking tunnel portals for wraparound teleportation ('T' characters)
-    pub tunnel_ends: [Option<IVec2>; 2],
+    pub tunnel_ends: [Option<I8Vec2>; 2],
     /// Starting position for Pac-Man (marked by 'X' character in the layout)
-    pub pacman_start: Option<IVec2>,
+    pub pacman_start: Option<I8Vec2>,
 }
 
 /// Parser for converting raw board layouts into structured map data.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl MapTileParser {
         let mut tiles = [[MapTile::Empty; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize];
         let mut house_door = [None; 2];
         let mut tunnel_ends = [None; 2];
-        let mut pacman_start: Option<IVec2> = None;
+        let mut pacman_start: Option<I8Vec2> = None;
 
         for (y, line) in raw_board.iter().enumerate().take(BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize) {
             for (x, character) in line.chars().enumerate().take(BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize) {
@@ -98,16 +98,16 @@ impl MapTileParser {
                 match tile {
                     MapTile::Tunnel => {
                         if tunnel_ends[0].is_none() {
-                            tunnel_ends[0] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            tunnel_ends[0] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                         } else {
-                            tunnel_ends[1] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            tunnel_ends[1] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                         }
                     }
                     MapTile::Wall if character == '=' => {
                         if house_door[0].is_none() {
-                            house_door[0] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            house_door[0] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                         } else {
-                            house_door[1] = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                            house_door[1] = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                         }
                     }
                     _ => {}
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl MapTileParser {
 
                 // Track Pac-Man's starting position
                 if character == 'X' {
-                    pacman_start = Some(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+                    pacman_start = Some(I8Vec2::new(x as i8, y as i8));
                 }
 
                 tiles[x][y] = tile;

src/platform/desktop.rs

@@ -3,42 +3,175 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use rand::rngs::ThreadRng;
+
 use crate::asset::Asset;
 use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
-use crate::platform::CommonPlatform;
 
 /// Desktop platform implementation.
-pub struct Platform;
-
-impl CommonPlatform for Platform {
-    fn sleep(&self, duration: Duration, focused: bool) {
-        if focused {
-            spin_sleep::sleep(duration);
-        } else {
-            std::thread::sleep(duration);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_time(&self) -> f64 {
-        std::time::Instant::now().elapsed().as_secs_f64()
-    }
-
-    fn init_console(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn get_canvas_size(&self) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-        None // Desktop doesn't need this
-    }
-
-    fn get_asset_bytes(&self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
-        match asset {
-            Asset::Wav1 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/1.ogg"))),
-            Asset::Wav2 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/2.ogg"))),
-            Asset::Wav3 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/3.ogg"))),
-            Asset::Wav4 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/4.ogg"))),
-            Asset::AtlasImage => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/atlas.png"))),
-            Asset::Font => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf"))),
-        }
+pub fn sleep(duration: Duration, focused: bool) {
+    if focused {
+        spin_sleep::sleep(duration);
+    } else {
+        std::thread::sleep(duration);
     }
 }
+
+pub fn init_console() -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    {
+        use crate::platform::tracing_buffer::setup_switchable_subscriber;
+        use tracing::{debug, info};
+        use windows::Win32::System::Console::GetConsoleWindow;
+
+        // Setup buffered tracing subscriber that will buffer logs until console is ready
+        let switchable_writer = setup_switchable_subscriber();
+
+        // Check if we already have a console window
+        if unsafe { !GetConsoleWindow().0.is_null() } {
+            debug!("Already have a console window");
+            return Ok(());
+        } else {
+            debug!("No existing console window found");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(file_type) = is_output_setup()? {
+            debug!(r#type = file_type, "Existing output detected");
+        } else {
+            debug!("No existing output detected");
+
+            // Try to attach to parent console for direct cargo run
+            attach_to_parent_console()?;
+            info!("Successfully attached to parent console");
+        }
+
+        // Now that console is initialized, flush buffered logs and switch to direct output
+        debug!("Switching to direct logging mode and flushing buffer...");
+        if let Err(error) = switchable_writer.switch_to_direct_mode() {
+            use tracing::warn;
+
+            warn!("Failed to flush buffered logs to console: {error:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn get_asset_bytes(asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
+    match asset {
+        Asset::Wav1 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/1.ogg"))),
+        Asset::Wav2 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/2.ogg"))),
+        Asset::Wav3 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/3.ogg"))),
+        Asset::Wav4 => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/sound/waka/4.ogg"))),
+        Asset::AtlasImage => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/atlas.png"))),
+        Asset::Font => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../../assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf"))),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn rng() -> ThreadRng {
+    rand::rng()
+}
+
+/* Internal functions */
+
+/// Check if the output stream has been setup by a parent process
+/// Windows-only
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn is_output_setup() -> Result<Option<&'static str>, PlatformError> {
+    use tracing::{debug, warn};
+
+    use windows::Win32::Storage::FileSystem::{
+        GetFileType, FILE_TYPE_CHAR, FILE_TYPE_DISK, FILE_TYPE_PIPE, FILE_TYPE_REMOTE, FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+    };
+
+    use windows_sys::Win32::{
+        Foundation::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
+        System::Console::{GetStdHandle, STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE},
+    };
+
+    // Get the process's standard output handle, check if it's invalid
+    let handle = match unsafe { GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE) } {
+        INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE => {
+            return Err(PlatformError::ConsoleInit("Invalid handle".to_string()));
+        }
+        handle => handle,
+    };
+
+    // Identify the file type of the handle and whether it's 'well known' (i.e. we trust it to be a reasonable output destination)
+    let (well_known, file_type) = match unsafe {
+        use windows::Win32::Foundation::HANDLE;
+        GetFileType(HANDLE(handle))
+    } {
+        FILE_TYPE_PIPE => (true, "pipe"),
+        FILE_TYPE_CHAR => (true, "char"),
+        FILE_TYPE_DISK => (true, "disk"),
+        FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN => (false, "unknown"),
+        FILE_TYPE_REMOTE => (false, "remote"),
+        unexpected => {
+            warn!("Unexpected file type: {unexpected:?}");
+            (false, "unknown")
+        }
+    };
+
+    debug!("File type: {file_type:?}, well known: {well_known}");
+
+    // If it's anything recognizable and valid, assume that a parent process has setup an output stream
+    Ok(well_known.then_some(file_type))
+}
+
+/// Try to attach to parent console
+/// Windows-only
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn attach_to_parent_console() -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    use windows::{
+        core::PCSTR,
+        Win32::{
+            Foundation::{GENERIC_READ, GENERIC_WRITE},
+            Storage::FileSystem::{CreateFileA, FILE_FLAGS_AND_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_READ, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, OPEN_EXISTING},
+            System::Console::{
+                AttachConsole, FreeConsole, SetStdHandle, ATTACH_PARENT_PROCESS, STD_ERROR_HANDLE, STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE,
+            },
+        },
+    };
+
+    // Attach the process to the parent's console
+    unsafe { AttachConsole(ATTACH_PARENT_PROCESS) }
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to attach to parent console: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    let handle = unsafe {
+        let pcstr = PCSTR::from_raw(c"CONOUT$".as_ptr() as *const u8);
+        CreateFileA::<PCSTR>(
+            pcstr,
+            (GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE).0,
+            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+            None,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_FLAGS_AND_ATTRIBUTES(0),
+            None,
+        )
+    }
+    .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to create console handle: {:?}", e)))?;
+
+    // Set the console's output and then error handles
+    if let Some(handle_error) = unsafe { SetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, handle) }
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to set console output handle: {:?}", e)))
+        .and_then(|_| {
+            unsafe { SetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE, handle) }
+                .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to set console error handle: {:?}", e)))
+        })
+        .err()
+    {
+        // If either set handle call fails, free the console
+        unsafe { FreeConsole() }
+            // Free the console if the SetStdHandle calls fail
+            .map_err(|free_error| {
+                PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!(
+                    "Failed to free console after SetStdHandle failed: {free_error:?} ({handle_error:?})"
+                ))
+            })
+            // And then return the original error if the FreeConsole call succeeds
+            .and(Err(handle_error))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/platform/emscripten.rs

@@ -1,62 +1,96 @@
 //! Emscripten platform implementation.
 
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
 use crate::asset::Asset;
 use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
-use crate::platform::CommonPlatform;
-
-/// Emscripten platform implementation.
-pub struct Platform;
-
-impl CommonPlatform for Platform {
-    fn sleep(&self, duration: Duration, _focused: bool) {
-        unsafe {
-            emscripten_sleep(duration.as_millis() as u32);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_time(&self) -> f64 {
-        unsafe { emscripten_get_now() }
-    }
-
-    fn init_console(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        Ok(()) // No-op for Emscripten
-    }
-
-    fn get_canvas_size(&self) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-        Some(unsafe { get_canvas_size() })
-    }
-
-    fn get_asset_bytes(&self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
-        use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
-        use std::io::Read;
-
-        let path = format!("assets/game/{}", asset.path());
-        let mut rwops = RWops::from_file(&path, "rb").map_err(|_| AssetError::NotFound(asset.path().to_string()))?;
-
-        let len = rwops.len().ok_or_else(|| AssetError::NotFound(asset.path().to_string()))?;
-
-        let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
-        rwops
-            .read_exact(&mut buf)
-            .map_err(|e| AssetError::Io(std::io::Error::other(e)))?;
-
-        Ok(Cow::Owned(buf))
-    }
-}
+use crate::formatter::CustomFormatter;
+use rand::{rngs::SmallRng, SeedableRng};
+use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::ffi::CString;
+use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 // Emscripten FFI functions
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 extern "C" {
-    fn emscripten_get_now() -> f64;
     fn emscripten_sleep(ms: u32);
     fn emscripten_get_element_css_size(target: *const u8, width: *mut f64, height: *mut f64) -> i32;
+    // Standard C functions that Emscripten redirects to console
+    fn printf(format: *const u8, ...) -> i32;
 }
 
-unsafe fn get_canvas_size() -> (u32, u32) {
+pub fn sleep(duration: Duration, _focused: bool) {
+    unsafe {
+        emscripten_sleep(duration.as_millis() as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn init_console() -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    use tracing_subscriber::{fmt, layer::SubscriberExt, EnvFilter};
+
+    // Set up a custom tracing subscriber that writes directly to emscripten console
+    let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(
+            fmt::layer()
+                .with_writer(|| EmscriptenConsoleWriter)
+                .with_ansi(false)
+                .event_format(CustomFormatter),
+        )
+        .with(EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("debug")));
+
+    tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber)
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::ConsoleInit(format!("Failed to set tracing subscriber: {}", e)))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// A writer that outputs to the browser console via printf (redirected by emscripten)
+struct EmscriptenConsoleWriter;
+
+impl Write for EmscriptenConsoleWriter {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        if let Ok(s) = std::str::from_utf8(buf) {
+            if let Ok(cstr) = CString::new(s.trim_end_matches('\n')) {
+                let format_str = CString::new("%s\n").unwrap();
+                unsafe {
+                    printf(format_str.as_ptr().cast(), cstr.as_ptr());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(buf.len())
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn get_canvas_size() -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
     let mut width = 0.0;
     let mut height = 0.0;
-    emscripten_get_element_css_size(c"canvas".as_ptr().cast(), &mut width, &mut height);
-    (width as u32, height as u32)
+
+    unsafe {
+        emscripten_get_element_css_size(c"canvas".as_ptr().cast(), &mut width, &mut height);
+        if width == 0.0 || height == 0.0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+    }
+    Some((width as u32, height as u32))
+}
+
+pub fn get_asset_bytes(asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
+    let path = format!("assets/game/{}", asset.path());
+    let mut rwops = RWops::from_file(&path, "rb").map_err(|_| AssetError::NotFound(asset.path().to_string()))?;
+
+    let len = rwops.len().ok_or_else(|| AssetError::NotFound(asset.path().to_string()))?;
+
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
+    rwops.read_exact(&mut buf).map_err(|e| AssetError::Io(io::Error::other(e)))?;
+
+    Ok(Cow::Owned(buf))
+}
+
+pub fn rng() -> SmallRng {
+    SmallRng::from_os_rng()
 }

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -1,46 +1,13 @@
 //! Platform abstraction layer for cross-platform functionality.
 
-use crate::asset::Asset;
-use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
 mod desktop;
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+pub mod tracing_buffer;
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+pub use desktop::*;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
+pub use emscripten::*;
 #[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
 mod emscripten;
-
-/// Cross-platform abstraction layer providing unified APIs for platform-specific operations.
-pub trait CommonPlatform {
-    /// Platform-specific sleep function (required due to Emscripten's non-standard sleep requirements).
-    ///
-    /// Provides access to current window focus state, useful for changing sleep algorithm conditionally.
-    fn sleep(&self, duration: Duration, focused: bool);
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn get_time(&self) -> f64;
-
-    /// Configures platform-specific console and debugging output capabilities.
-    fn init_console(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;
-
-    /// Retrieves the actual display canvas dimensions.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn get_canvas_size(&self) -> Option<(u32, u32)>;
-
-    /// Loads raw asset data using the appropriate platform-specific method.
-    fn get_asset_bytes(&self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError>;
-}
-
-/// Returns the appropriate platform implementation based on compile-time target.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn get_platform() -> &'static dyn CommonPlatform {
-    #[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
-    {
-        &desktop::Platform
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
-    {
-        &emscripten::Platform
-    }
-}

src/platform/tracing_buffer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+//! Buffered tracing setup for handling logs before console attachment.
+
+use crate::formatter::CustomFormatter;
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use std::io;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tracing::{debug, Level};
+use tracing_error::ErrorLayer;
+use tracing_subscriber::fmt::MakeWriter;
+use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
+
+/// A thread-safe buffered writer that stores logs in memory until flushed.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BufferedWriter {
+    buffer: Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>>,
+}
+
+impl BufferedWriter {
+    /// Creates a new buffered writer.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            buffer: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Flushes all buffered content to the provided writer and clears the buffer.
+    pub fn flush_to<W: Write>(&self, mut writer: W) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let mut buffer = self.buffer.lock();
+        if !buffer.is_empty() {
+            writer.write_all(&buffer)?;
+            writer.flush()?;
+            buffer.clear();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current buffer size in bytes.
+    pub fn buffer_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.buffer.lock().len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Write for BufferedWriter {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        let mut buffer = self.buffer.lock();
+        buffer.extend_from_slice(buf);
+        Ok(buf.len())
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        // For buffered writer, flush is a no-op since we're storing in memory
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for BufferedWriter {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A writer that can switch between buffering and direct output.
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct SwitchableWriter {
+    buffered_writer: BufferedWriter,
+    direct_mode: std::sync::Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<bool>>,
+}
+
+impl SwitchableWriter {
+    pub fn switch_to_direct_mode(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let buffer_size = {
+            // Acquire the lock
+            let mut mode = self.direct_mode.lock();
+
+            // Get buffer size before flushing for debug logging
+            let buffer_size = self.buffered_writer.buffer_size();
+
+            // Flush any buffered content
+            self.buffered_writer.flush_to(io::stdout())?;
+
+            // Switch to direct mode (and drop the lock)
+            *mode = true;
+
+            buffer_size
+        };
+
+        // Log how much was buffered (this will now go directly to stdout)
+        debug!("Flushed {buffer_size:?} bytes of buffered logs to console");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl io::Write for SwitchableWriter {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        if *self.direct_mode.lock() {
+            io::stdout().write(buf)
+        } else {
+            self.buffered_writer.clone().write(buf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if *self.direct_mode.lock() {
+            io::stdout().flush()
+        } else {
+            // For buffered mode, flush is a no-op
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A make writer that uses the switchable writer.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SwitchableMakeWriter {
+    writer: SwitchableWriter,
+}
+
+impl SwitchableMakeWriter {
+    pub fn new(writer: SwitchableWriter) -> Self {
+        Self { writer }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> MakeWriter<'a> for SwitchableMakeWriter {
+    type Writer = SwitchableWriter;
+
+    fn make_writer(&'a self) -> Self::Writer {
+        self.writer.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sets up a switchable tracing subscriber that can transition from buffered to direct output.
+///
+/// Returns the switchable writer that can be used to control the behavior.
+pub fn setup_switchable_subscriber() -> SwitchableWriter {
+    let switchable_writer = SwitchableWriter::default();
+    let make_writer = SwitchableMakeWriter::new(switchable_writer.clone());
+
+    let _subscriber = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_ansi(cfg!(not(target_os = "emscripten")))
+        .with_max_level(Level::DEBUG)
+        .event_format(CustomFormatter)
+        .with_writer(make_writer)
+        .finish()
+        .with(ErrorLayer::default());
+
+    tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(_subscriber).expect("Could not set global default switchable subscriber");
+
+    switchable_writer
+}

src/systems/blinking.rs

@@ -12,20 +12,24 @@ use crate::systems::{
 
 #[derive(Component, Debug)]
 pub struct Blinking {
-    pub timer: f32,
-    pub interval: f32,
+    pub tick_timer: u32,
+    pub interval_ticks: u32,
 }
 
 impl Blinking {
-    pub fn new(interval: f32) -> Self {
-        Self { timer: 0.0, interval }
+    pub fn new(interval_ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tick_timer: 0,
+            interval_ticks,
+        }
     }
 }
 
 /// Updates blinking entities by toggling their visibility at regular intervals.
 ///
 /// This system manages entities that have both `Blinking` and `Renderable` components,
-/// accumulating time and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
+/// accumulating ticks and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
+/// Uses integer arithmetic for deterministic behavior.
 #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn blinking_system(
     mut commands: Commands,
@@ -42,22 +46,40 @@ pub fn blinking_system(
             continue;
         }
 
-        // Increase the timer by the delta time
-        blinking.timer += time.0;
+        // Increase the timer by the delta ticks
+        blinking.tick_timer += time.ticks;
 
-        // If the timer is less than the interval, there's nothing to do yet
-        if blinking.timer < blinking.interval {
+        // Handle zero interval case (immediate toggling)
+        if blinking.interval_ticks == 0 {
+            if time.ticks > 0 {
+                if hidden {
+                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
+                } else {
+                    commands.entity(entity).insert(Hidden);
+                }
+            }
             continue;
         }
 
-        // Subtract the interval (allows for the timer to retain partial interval progress)
-        blinking.timer -= blinking.interval;
+        // Calculate how many complete intervals have passed
+        let complete_intervals = blinking.tick_timer / blinking.interval_ticks;
 
-        // Toggle the Hidden component
-        if hidden {
-            commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
-        } else {
-            commands.entity(entity).insert(Hidden);
+        // If no complete intervals have passed, there's nothing to do yet
+        if complete_intervals == 0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Update the timer to the remainder after complete intervals
+        blinking.tick_timer %= blinking.interval_ticks;
+
+        // Toggle the Hidden component for each complete interval
+        // Since toggling twice is a no-op, we only need to toggle if the count is odd
+        if complete_intervals % 2 == 1 {
+            if hidden {
+                commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
+            } else {
+                commands.entity(entity).insert(Hidden);
+            }
         }
     }
 }

src/systems/collision.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
 use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
 use bevy_ecs::event::{EventReader, EventWriter};
 use bevy_ecs::query::With;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, Query, Res, ResMut};
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res, ResMut};
 
 use crate::error::GameError;
 use crate::events::GameEvent;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
 use crate::systems::movement::Position;
-use crate::systems::{AudioEvent, Eaten, Ghost, PlayerControlled, ScoreResource, Vulnerable};
+use crate::systems::{AudioEvent, Ghost, GhostState, PlayerControlled, ScoreResource};
 
 #[derive(Component)]
 pub struct Collider {
@@ -108,12 +108,11 @@ pub fn collision_system(
 }
 
 pub fn ghost_collision_system(
-    mut commands: Commands,
     mut collision_events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
     mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
     pacman_query: Query<(), With<PlayerControlled>>,
     ghost_query: Query<(Entity, &Ghost), With<GhostCollider>>,
-    vulnerable_query: Query<Entity, With<Vulnerable>>,
+    mut ghost_state_query: Query<&mut GhostState>,
     mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
 ) {
     for event in collision_events.read() {
@@ -127,23 +126,23 @@ pub fn ghost_collision_system(
                 continue;
             };
 
-            // Check if the ghost is vulnerable
+            // Check if the ghost is frightened
             if let Ok((ghost_ent, _ghost_type)) = ghost_query.get(ghost_entity) {
-                // Check if ghost has Vulnerable component
-                if vulnerable_query.get(ghost_ent).is_ok() {
-                    // Pac-Man eats the ghost
-                    // Add score (200 points per ghost eaten)
-                    score.0 += 200;
+                if let Ok(mut ghost_state) = ghost_state_query.get_mut(ghost_ent) {
+                    // Check if ghost is in frightened state
+                    if matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Frightened { .. }) {
+                        // Pac-Man eats the ghost
+                        // Add score (200 points per ghost eaten)
+                        score.0 += 200;
 
-                    // Remove the ghost
-                    commands.entity(ghost_ent).remove::<Vulnerable>().insert(Eaten);
+                        // Set ghost state to Eyes
+                        *ghost_state = GhostState::Eyes;
 
-                    // Play eat sound
-                    events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
-                } else {
-                    // Pac-Man dies (this would need a death system)
-                    // For now, just log it
-                    tracing::warn!("Pac-Man collided with ghost while not vulnerable!");
+                        // Play eat sound
+                        events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
+                    } else {
+                        // Pac-Man dies (this would need a death system)
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }

src/systems/components.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use bevy_ecs::{bundle::Bundle, component::Component, resource::Resource};
 use bitflags::bitflags;
 
@@ -7,9 +9,11 @@ use crate::{
         movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
         Collider, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider,
     },
-    texture::{animated::AnimatedTexture, sprite::AtlasTile},
+    texture::{
+        animated::{DirectionalTiles, TileSequence},
+        sprite::AtlasTile,
+    },
 };
-use micromap::Map;
 
 /// A tag component for entities that are controlled by the player.
 #[derive(Default, Component)]
@@ -96,30 +100,46 @@ pub struct Renderable {
     pub layer: u8,
 }
 
-/// A component for entities that have a directional animated texture.
-#[derive(Component, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct DirectionalAnimated {
-    pub textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
-    pub stopped_textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
+/// Directional animation component with shared timing across all directions
+#[derive(Component, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct DirectionalAnimation {
+    pub moving_tiles: DirectionalTiles,
+    pub stopped_tiles: DirectionalTiles,
+    pub current_frame: usize,
+    pub time_bank: u16,
+    pub frame_duration: u16,
 }
 
-impl DirectionalAnimated {
-    pub fn from_animation(animation: AnimatedTexture) -> Self {
-        // Create 4 copies of the animation - necessary for independent state per direction
-        // This is initialization-time only, so the cloning cost is acceptable
+impl DirectionalAnimation {
+    /// Creates a new directional animation with the given tiles and frame duration
+    pub fn new(moving_tiles: DirectionalTiles, stopped_tiles: DirectionalTiles, frame_duration: u16) -> Self {
         Self {
-            textures: [
-                Some(animation.clone()),
-                Some(animation.clone()),
-                Some(animation.clone()),
-                Some(animation.clone()),
-            ],
-            stopped_textures: [
-                Some(animation.clone()),
-                Some(animation.clone()),
-                Some(animation.clone()),
-                Some(animation),
-            ],
+            moving_tiles,
+            stopped_tiles,
+            current_frame: 0,
+            time_bank: 0,
+            frame_duration,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Linear animation component for non-directional animations (frightened ghosts)
+#[derive(Component, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct LinearAnimation {
+    pub tiles: TileSequence,
+    pub current_frame: usize,
+    pub time_bank: u16,
+    pub frame_duration: u16,
+}
+
+impl LinearAnimation {
+    /// Creates a new linear animation with the given tiles and frame duration
+    pub fn new(tiles: TileSequence, frame_duration: u16) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tiles,
+            current_frame: 0,
+            time_bank: 0,
+            frame_duration,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -142,7 +162,35 @@ pub struct GlobalState {
 pub struct ScoreResource(pub u32);
 
 #[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct DeltaTime(pub f32);
+pub struct DeltaTime {
+    /// Floating-point delta time in seconds
+    pub seconds: f32,
+    /// Integer tick delta (usually 1, but can be different for testing)
+    pub ticks: u32,
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl DeltaTime {
+    /// Creates a new DeltaTime from a floating-point delta time in seconds
+    ///
+    /// While this method exists as a helper, it does not mean that seconds and ticks are interchangeable.
+    pub fn from_seconds(seconds: f32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            seconds,
+            ticks: (seconds * 60.0).round() as u32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new DeltaTime from an integer tick delta
+    ///
+    /// While this method exists as a helper, it does not mean that seconds and ticks are interchangeable.
+    pub fn from_ticks(ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            seconds: ticks as f32 / 60.0,
+            ticks,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 /// Movement modifiers that can affect Pac-Man's speed or handling.
 #[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -170,10 +218,75 @@ pub struct Frozen;
 #[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct Eaten;
 
-/// Component for ghosts that are vulnerable to Pac-Man
 #[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct Vulnerable {
-    pub remaining_ticks: u32,
+pub enum GhostState {
+    /// Normal ghost behavior - chasing Pac-Man
+    Normal,
+    /// Frightened state after power pellet - ghost can be eaten
+    Frightened {
+        remaining_ticks: u32,
+        flash: bool,
+        remaining_flash_ticks: u32,
+    },
+    /// Eyes state - ghost has been eaten and is returning to ghost house
+    Eyes,
+}
+
+/// Component to track the last animation state for efficient change detection
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LastAnimationState(pub GhostAnimation);
+
+impl GhostState {
+    /// Creates a new frightened state with the specified duration
+    pub fn new_frightened(total_ticks: u32, flash_start_ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self::Frightened {
+            remaining_ticks: total_ticks,
+            flash: false,
+            remaining_flash_ticks: flash_start_ticks, // Time until flashing starts
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ticks the ghost state, returning true if the state changed.
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) -> bool {
+        if let GhostState::Frightened {
+            remaining_ticks,
+            flash,
+            remaining_flash_ticks,
+        } = self
+        {
+            // Transition out of frightened state
+            if *remaining_ticks == 0 {
+                *self = GhostState::Normal;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            *remaining_ticks -= 1;
+
+            if *remaining_flash_ticks > 0 {
+                *remaining_flash_ticks = remaining_flash_ticks.saturating_sub(1);
+                if *remaining_flash_ticks == 0 {
+                    *flash = true;
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    false
+                }
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the appropriate animation state for this ghost state
+    pub fn animation_state(&self) -> GhostAnimation {
+        match self {
+            GhostState::Normal => GhostAnimation::Normal,
+            GhostState::Eyes => GhostAnimation::Eyes,
+            GhostState::Frightened { flash: false, .. } => GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: false },
+            GhostState::Frightened { flash: true, .. } => GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: true },
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Enumeration of different ghost animation states.
@@ -189,58 +302,6 @@ pub enum GhostAnimation {
     Eyes,
 }
 
-/// A complete set of animations for a ghost in different behavioral states.
-///
-/// Each ghost maintains animations mapped by their current gameplay state.
-/// The animation system automatically switches between these states based on
-/// the presence of `Vulnerable` and `Eaten` components on the ghost entity.
-#[derive(Component, Clone)]
-pub struct GhostAnimationSet {
-    pub animations: Map<GhostAnimation, DirectionalAnimated, 4>,
-}
-
-impl GhostAnimationSet {
-    /// Creates a new GhostAnimationSet with the provided animations.
-    pub fn new(
-        normal: DirectionalAnimated,
-        frightened: DirectionalAnimated,
-        frightened_flashing: DirectionalAnimated,
-        eyes: DirectionalAnimated,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let mut animations = Map::new();
-        animations.insert(GhostAnimation::Normal, normal);
-        animations.insert(GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: false }, frightened);
-        animations.insert(GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: true }, frightened_flashing);
-        animations.insert(GhostAnimation::Eyes, eyes);
-        Self { animations }
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the animation for the specified ghost animation state.
-    pub fn get(&self, animation: GhostAnimation) -> Option<&DirectionalAnimated> {
-        self.animations.get(&animation)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the normal animation state.
-    pub fn normal(&self) -> Option<&DirectionalAnimated> {
-        self.get(GhostAnimation::Normal)
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the frightened animation state (non-flashing).
-    pub fn frightened(&self) -> Option<&DirectionalAnimated> {
-        self.get(GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: false })
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the frightened flashing animation state.
-    pub fn frightened_flashing(&self) -> Option<&DirectionalAnimated> {
-        self.get(GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash: true })
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the eyes animation state (for eaten ghosts).
-    pub fn eyes(&self) -> Option<&DirectionalAnimated> {
-        self.get(GhostAnimation::Eyes)
-    }
-}
-
 /// Global resource containing pre-loaded animation sets for all ghost types.
 ///
 /// This resource is initialized once during game startup and provides O(1) access
@@ -248,9 +309,50 @@ impl GhostAnimationSet {
 /// to efficiently switch between different ghost states without runtime asset loading.
 ///
 /// The HashMap is keyed by `Ghost` enum variants (Blinky, Pinky, Inky, Clyde) and
-/// contains complete animation sets mapped by GhostAnimation states.
+/// contains the normal directional animation for each ghost type.
 #[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct GhostAnimations(pub std::collections::HashMap<Ghost, GhostAnimationSet>);
+pub struct GhostAnimations {
+    pub normal: HashMap<Ghost, DirectionalAnimation>,
+    pub eyes: DirectionalAnimation,
+    pub frightened: LinearAnimation,
+    pub frightened_flashing: LinearAnimation,
+}
+
+impl GhostAnimations {
+    /// Creates a new GhostAnimations resource with the provided data.
+    pub fn new(
+        normal: HashMap<Ghost, DirectionalAnimation>,
+        eyes: DirectionalAnimation,
+        frightened: LinearAnimation,
+        frightened_flashing: LinearAnimation,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            normal,
+            eyes,
+            frightened,
+            frightened_flashing,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the normal directional animation for the specified ghost type.
+    pub fn get_normal(&self, ghost_type: &Ghost) -> Option<&DirectionalAnimation> {
+        self.normal.get(ghost_type)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the eyes animation (shared across all ghosts).
+    pub fn eyes(&self) -> &DirectionalAnimation {
+        &self.eyes
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the frightened animations (shared across all ghosts).
+    pub fn frightened(&self, flash: bool) -> &LinearAnimation {
+        if flash {
+            &self.frightened_flashing
+        } else {
+            &self.frightened
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Bundle)]
 pub struct PlayerBundle {
@@ -259,7 +361,7 @@ pub struct PlayerBundle {
     pub velocity: Velocity,
     pub buffered_direction: BufferedDirection,
     pub sprite: Renderable,
-    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
+    pub directional_animation: DirectionalAnimation,
     pub entity_type: EntityType,
     pub collider: Collider,
     pub movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers,
@@ -281,8 +383,10 @@ pub struct GhostBundle {
     pub position: Position,
     pub velocity: Velocity,
     pub sprite: Renderable,
-    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
+    pub directional_animation: DirectionalAnimation,
     pub entity_type: EntityType,
     pub collider: Collider,
     pub ghost_collider: GhostCollider,
+    pub ghost_state: GhostState,
+    pub last_animation_state: LastAnimationState,
 }

src/systems/debug.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 //! Debug rendering system
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
-use crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET;
+use crate::constants::{self, BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::{Collider, CursorPosition, Position, SystemTimings};
+use crate::systems::{Collider, CursorPosition, NodeId, Position, SystemTimings};
+use crate::texture::ttf::{TtfAtlas, TtfRenderer};
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res};
-use glam::{IVec2, UVec2, Vec2};
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::{Point, Rect};
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture, TextureCreator};
-use sdl2::ttf::Font;
-use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
+use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
+use sdl2::video::Window;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use tracing::warn;
 
 #[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct DebugState {
@@ -23,39 +26,152 @@ fn f32_to_u8(value: f32) -> u8 {
 }
 
 /// Resource to hold the debug texture for persistent rendering
-pub struct DebugTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
+pub struct DebugTextureResource(pub Texture);
 
-/// Resource to hold the debug font
-pub struct DebugFontResource(pub Font<'static, 'static>);
+/// Resource to hold the TTF text atlas
+pub struct TtfAtlasResource(pub TtfAtlas);
+
+/// Resource to hold pre-computed batched line segments
+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BatchedLinesResource {
+    horizontal_lines: Vec<(i32, i32, i32)>, // (y, x_start, x_end)
+    vertical_lines: Vec<(i32, i32, i32)>,   // (x, y_start, y_end)
+}
+
+impl BatchedLinesResource {
+    /// Computes and caches batched line segments for the map graph
+    pub fn new(map: &Map, scale: f32) -> Self {
+        let mut horizontal_segments: HashMap<i32, Vec<(i32, i32)>> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut vertical_segments: HashMap<i32, Vec<(i32, i32)>> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut processed_edges: HashSet<(u16, u16)> = HashSet::new();
+
+        // Process all edges and group them by axis
+        for (start_node_id, edge) in map.graph.edges() {
+            // Acquire a stable key for the edge (from < to)
+            let edge_key = (start_node_id.min(edge.target), start_node_id.max(edge.target));
+
+            // Skip if we've already processed this edge in the reverse direction
+            if processed_edges.contains(&edge_key) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            processed_edges.insert(edge_key);
+
+            let start_pos = map.graph.get_node(start_node_id).unwrap().position;
+            let end_pos = map.graph.get_node(edge.target).unwrap().position;
+
+            let start = transform_position_with_offset(start_pos, scale);
+            let end = transform_position_with_offset(end_pos, scale);
+
+            // Determine if this is a horizontal or vertical line
+            if (start.y - end.y).abs() < 2 {
+                // Horizontal line (allowing for slight vertical variance)
+                let y = start.y;
+                let x_min = start.x.min(end.x);
+                let x_max = start.x.max(end.x);
+                horizontal_segments.entry(y).or_default().push((x_min, x_max));
+            } else if (start.x - end.x).abs() < 2 {
+                // Vertical line (allowing for slight horizontal variance)
+                let x = start.x;
+                let y_min = start.y.min(end.y);
+                let y_max = start.y.max(end.y);
+                vertical_segments.entry(x).or_default().push((y_min, y_max));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Merges overlapping or adjacent segments into continuous lines
+        fn merge_segments(segments: Vec<(i32, i32)>) -> Vec<(i32, i32)> {
+            if segments.is_empty() {
+                return Vec::new();
+            }
+
+            let mut merged = Vec::new();
+            let mut current_start = segments[0].0;
+            let mut current_end = segments[0].1;
+
+            for &(start, end) in segments.iter().skip(1) {
+                if start <= current_end + 1 {
+                    // Adjacent or overlapping
+                    current_end = current_end.max(end);
+                } else {
+                    merged.push((current_start, current_end));
+                    current_start = start;
+                    current_end = end;
+                }
+            }
+
+            merged.push((current_start, current_end));
+            merged
+        }
+
+        // Convert to flat vectors for fast iteration during rendering
+        let horizontal_lines = horizontal_segments
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|(y, mut segments)| {
+                segments.sort_unstable_by_key(|(start, _)| *start);
+                let merged = merge_segments(segments);
+                merged.into_iter().map(move |(x_start, x_end)| (y, x_start, x_end))
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let vertical_lines = vertical_segments
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|(x, mut segments)| {
+                segments.sort_unstable_by_key(|(start, _)| *start);
+                let merged = merge_segments(segments);
+                merged.into_iter().map(move |(y_start, y_end)| (x, y_start, y_end))
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        Self {
+            horizontal_lines,
+            vertical_lines,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
+        // Render horizontal lines
+        for &(y, x_start, x_end) in &self.horizontal_lines {
+            let points = [Point::new(x_start, y), Point::new(x_end, y)];
+            let _ = canvas.draw_lines(&points[..]);
+        }
+
+        // Render vertical lines
+        for &(x, y_start, y_end) in &self.vertical_lines {
+            let points = [Point::new(x, y_start), Point::new(x, y_end)];
+            let _ = canvas.draw_lines(&points[..]);
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 /// Transforms a position from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates (with board offset)
 fn transform_position_with_offset(pos: Vec2, scale: f32) -> IVec2 {
     ((pos + BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2()) * scale).as_ivec2()
 }
 
-/// Renders timing information in the top-left corner of the screen
+/// Renders timing information in the top-left corner of the screen using the debug text atlas
 fn render_timing_display(
     canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
-    texture_creator: &mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
     timings: &SystemTimings,
-    font: &Font,
+    current_tick: u64,
+    text_renderer: &TtfRenderer,
+    atlas: &mut TtfAtlas,
 ) {
     // Format timing information using the formatting module
-    let lines = timings.format_timing_display();
-    let line_height = 14; // Approximate line height for 12pt font
+    let lines = timings.format_timing_display(current_tick);
+    let line_height = text_renderer.text_height(atlas) as i32 + 2; // Add 2px line spacing
     let padding = 10;
 
     // Calculate background dimensions
     let max_width = lines
         .iter()
         .filter(|l| !l.is_empty()) // Don't consider empty lines for width
-        .map(|line| font.size_of(line).unwrap().0)
+        .map(|line| text_renderer.text_width(atlas, line))
         .max()
         .unwrap_or(0);
 
     // Only draw background if there is text to display
-    if max_width > 0 {
-        let total_height = (lines.len() as u32) * line_height as u32;
+    let total_height = (lines.len() as u32) * line_height as u32;
+    if max_width > 0 && total_height > 0 {
         let bg_padding = 5;
 
         // Draw background
@@ -75,133 +191,148 @@ fn render_timing_display(
             continue;
         }
 
-        // Render each line
-        let surface = font.render(line).blended(Color::RGBA(255, 255, 255, 200)).unwrap();
-        let texture = texture_creator.create_texture_from_surface(&surface).unwrap();
-
         // Position each line below the previous one
-        let y_pos = padding + (i * line_height) as i32;
-        let dest = Rect::new(padding, y_pos, texture.query().width, texture.query().height);
-        canvas.copy(&texture, None, dest).unwrap();
+        let y_pos = padding + (i as i32 * line_height);
+        let position = Vec2::new(padding as f32, y_pos as f32);
+
+        // Render the line using the debug text renderer
+        text_renderer
+            .render_text(canvas, atlas, line, position, Color::RGBA(255, 255, 255, 200))
+            .unwrap();
     }
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn debug_render_system(
-    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
-    mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
-    debug_font: NonSendMut<DebugFontResource>,
-    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
-    timings: Res<SystemTimings>,
-    map: Res<Map>,
-    colliders: Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
-    cursor: Res<CursorPosition>,
+    canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
+    ttf_atlas: &mut TtfAtlasResource,
+    batched_lines: &Res<BatchedLinesResource>,
+    debug_state: &Res<DebugState>,
+    timings: &Res<SystemTimings>,
+    timing: &Res<crate::systems::profiling::Timing>,
+    map: &Res<Map>,
+    colliders: &Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
+    cursor: &Res<CursorPosition>,
 ) {
     if !debug_state.enabled {
         return;
     }
-    let scale =
-        (UVec2::from(canvas.output_size().unwrap()).as_vec2() / UVec2::from(canvas.logical_size()).as_vec2()).min_element();
+    // Create debug text renderer
+    let text_renderer = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
 
-    // Get texture creator before entering the closure to avoid borrowing conflicts
-    let mut texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
-    let font = &debug_font.0;
-
-    let cursor_world_pos = match *cursor {
+    let cursor_world_pos = match &**cursor {
         CursorPosition::None => None,
         CursorPosition::Some { position, .. } => Some(position - BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2()),
     };
 
-    // Draw debug info on the high-resolution debug texture
-    canvas
-        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
-            // Clear the debug canvas
-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
-            debug_canvas.clear();
+    // Clear the debug canvas
+    canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
+    canvas.clear();
 
-            // Find the closest node to the cursor
-            let closest_node = if let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos {
-                map.graph
-                    .nodes()
-                    .map(|node| node.position.distance(cursor_world_pos))
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Less))
-                    .map(|(id, _)| id)
-            } else {
-                None
-            };
+    // Find the closest node to the cursor
+    let closest_node = if let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos {
+        map.graph
+            .nodes()
+            .map(|node| node.position.distance(cursor_world_pos))
+            .enumerate()
+            .min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Less))
+            .map(|(id, _)| id)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
 
-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::GREEN);
-            for (collider, position) in colliders.iter() {
+    canvas.set_draw_color(Color::GREEN);
+    {
+        let rects = colliders
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(collider, position)| {
                 let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph).unwrap();
 
                 // Transform position and size using common methods
-                let pos = (pos * scale).as_ivec2();
-                let size = (collider.size * scale) as u32;
+                let pos = (pos * constants::LARGE_SCALE).as_ivec2();
+                let size = (collider.size * constants::LARGE_SCALE) as u32;
 
-                let rect = Rect::from_center(Point::from((pos.x, pos.y)), size, size);
-                debug_canvas.draw_rect(rect).unwrap();
-            }
+                Rect::from_center(Point::from((pos.x, pos.y)), size, size)
+            })
+            .collect::<SmallVec<[Rect; 100]>>();
+        if rects.len() > rects.capacity() {
+            warn!(
+                capacity = rects.capacity(),
+                count = rects.len(),
+                "Collider rects capacity exceeded"
+            );
+        }
+        canvas.draw_rects(&rects).unwrap();
+    }
 
-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color {
-                a: f32_to_u8(0.4),
-                ..Color::RED
-            });
-            debug_canvas.set_blend_mode(sdl2::render::BlendMode::Blend);
-            for (start_node, end_node) in map.graph.edges() {
-                let start_node_model = map.graph.get_node(start_node).unwrap();
-                let end_node = map.graph.get_node(end_node.target).unwrap().position;
+    canvas.set_draw_color(Color {
+        a: f32_to_u8(0.65),
+        ..Color::RED
+    });
+    canvas.set_blend_mode(sdl2::render::BlendMode::Blend);
 
-                // Transform positions using common method
-                let start = transform_position_with_offset(start_node_model.position, scale);
-                let end = transform_position_with_offset(end_node, scale);
+    // Use cached batched line segments
+    batched_lines.render(canvas);
 
-                debug_canvas
-                    .draw_line(Point::from((start.x, start.y)), Point::from((end.x, end.y)))
-                    .unwrap();
-            }
+    {
+        let rects: Vec<_> = map
+            .graph
+            .nodes()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter_map(|(id, node)| {
+                let pos = transform_position_with_offset(node.position, constants::LARGE_SCALE);
+                let size = (2.0 * constants::LARGE_SCALE) as u32;
+                let rect = Rect::new(pos.x - (size as i32 / 2), pos.y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size);
 
-            for (id, node) in map.graph.nodes().enumerate() {
-                let pos = node.position;
+                // If the node is the one closest to the cursor, draw it immediately
+                if closest_node == Some(id) {
+                    canvas.set_draw_color(Color::YELLOW);
+                    canvas.fill_rect(rect).unwrap();
+                    return None;
+                }
 
-                // Set color based on whether the node is the closest to the cursor
-                debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color {
-                    a: f32_to_u8(if Some(id) == closest_node { 0.75 } else { 0.6 }),
-                    ..(if Some(id) == closest_node {
-                        Color::YELLOW
-                    } else {
-                        Color::BLUE
-                    })
-                });
+                Some(rect)
+            })
+            .collect();
 
-                // Transform position using common method
-                let pos = transform_position_with_offset(pos, scale);
-                let size = (2.0 * scale) as u32;
+        if rects.len() > rects.capacity() {
+            warn!(
+                capacity = rects.capacity(),
+                count = rects.len(),
+                "Node rects capacity exceeded"
+            );
+        }
 
-                debug_canvas
-                    .fill_rect(Rect::new(pos.x - (size as i32 / 2), pos.y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size))
-                    .unwrap();
-            }
+        // Draw the non-closest nodes all at once in blue
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLUE);
+        canvas.fill_rects(&rects).unwrap();
+    }
 
-            // Render node ID if a node is highlighted
-            if let Some(closest_node_id) = closest_node {
-                let node = map.graph.get_node(closest_node_id).unwrap();
-                let pos = transform_position_with_offset(node.position, scale);
+    // Render node ID if a node is highlighted
+    if let Some(closest_node_id) = closest_node {
+        let node = map.graph.get_node(closest_node_id as NodeId).unwrap();
+        let pos = transform_position_with_offset(node.position, constants::LARGE_SCALE);
 
-                let surface = font
-                    .render(&closest_node_id.to_string())
-                    .blended(Color {
-                        a: f32_to_u8(0.4),
-                        ..Color::WHITE
-                    })
-                    .unwrap();
-                let texture = texture_creator.create_texture_from_surface(&surface).unwrap();
-                let dest = Rect::new(pos.x + 10, pos.y - 5, texture.query().width, texture.query().height);
-                debug_canvas.copy(&texture, None, dest).unwrap();
-            }
+        let node_id_text = closest_node_id.to_string();
+        let text_pos = Vec2::new((pos.x + 10) as f32, (pos.y - 5) as f32);
 
-            // Render timing information in the top-left corner
-            render_timing_display(debug_canvas, &mut texture_creator, &timings, font);
-        })
-        .unwrap();
+        text_renderer
+            .render_text(
+                canvas,
+                &mut ttf_atlas.0,
+                &node_id_text,
+                text_pos,
+                Color {
+                    a: f32_to_u8(0.9),
+                    ..Color::WHITE
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    // Render timing information in the top-left corner
+    // Use previous tick since current tick is incomplete (frame is still running)
+    let current_tick = timing.get_current_tick();
+    let previous_tick = current_tick.saturating_sub(1);
+    render_timing_display(canvas, timings, previous_tick, &text_renderer, &mut ttf_atlas.0);
 }

src/systems/ghost.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use crate::systems::components::Frozen;
+use crate::platform;
+use crate::systems::components::{DirectionalAnimation, Frozen, GhostAnimation, GhostState, LastAnimationState, LinearAnimation};
 use crate::{
     map::{
         builder::Map,
@@ -11,18 +12,10 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
-use bevy_ecs::{
-    query::Added,
-    removal_detection::RemovedComponents,
-    system::{Commands, Query, Res},
-};
-
-use crate::systems::{Eaten, GhostAnimations, Vulnerable};
-
-use bevy_ecs::query::{With, Without};
-use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
+use crate::systems::GhostAnimations;
+use bevy_ecs::query::Without;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, Query, Res};
 use rand::seq::IndexedRandom;
-use rand::SeedableRng;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 /// Autonomous ghost AI system implementing randomized movement with backtracking avoidance.
@@ -32,11 +25,11 @@ pub fn ghost_movement_system(
     mut ghosts: Query<(&Ghost, &mut Velocity, &mut Position), Without<Frozen>>,
 ) {
     for (_ghost, mut velocity, mut position) in ghosts.iter_mut() {
-        let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+        let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.seconds;
         loop {
             match *position {
                 Position::Stopped { node: current_node } => {
-                    let intersection = &map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node];
+                    let intersection = &map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node as usize];
                     let opposite = velocity.direction.opposite();
 
                     let mut non_opposite_options: SmallVec<[Edge; 3]> = SmallVec::new();
@@ -55,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn ghost_movement_system(
                             break;
                         }
                     } else {
-                        *non_opposite_options.choose(&mut SmallRng::from_os_rng()).unwrap()
+                        *non_opposite_options.choose(&mut platform::rng()).unwrap()
                     };
 
                     velocity.direction = new_edge.direction;
@@ -77,58 +70,6 @@ pub fn ghost_movement_system(
     }
 }
 
-/// System that manages ghost animation state transitions based on ghost behavior.
-///
-/// This system handles the following animation state changes:
-/// - When a ghost becomes vulnerable (power pellet eaten): switches to frightened animation
-/// - When a ghost is eaten by Pac-Man: switches to eaten (eyes) animation
-/// - When vulnerability ends: switches back to normal animation
-///
-/// The system uses ECS change detection to efficiently track state transitions:
-/// - `Added<Vulnerable>` detects when ghosts become frightened
-/// - `Added<Eaten>` detects when ghosts are consumed
-/// - `RemovedComponents<Vulnerable>` detects when fright period ends
-///
-/// This ensures smooth visual feedback for gameplay state changes while maintaining
-/// separation between game logic and animation state.
-pub fn ghost_state_animation_system(
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    animations: Res<GhostAnimations>,
-    mut vulnerable_added: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &Ghost), Added<Vulnerable>>,
-    mut eaten_added: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &Ghost), Added<Eaten>>,
-    mut vulnerable_removed: RemovedComponents<Vulnerable>,
-    ghosts: Query<&Ghost>,
-) {
-    // When a ghost becomes vulnerable, switch to the frightened animation
-    for (entity, ghost_type) in vulnerable_added.iter_mut() {
-        if let Some(animation_set) = animations.0.get(ghost_type) {
-            if let Some(animation) = animation_set.frightened() {
-                commands.entity(entity).insert(animation.clone());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // When a ghost is eaten, switch to the eaten animation
-    for (entity, ghost_type) in eaten_added.iter_mut() {
-        if let Some(animation_set) = animations.0.get(ghost_type) {
-            if let Some(animation) = animation_set.eyes() {
-                commands.entity(entity).insert(animation.clone());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // When a ghost is no longer vulnerable, switch back to the normal animation
-    for entity in vulnerable_removed.read() {
-        if let Ok(ghost_type) = ghosts.get(entity) {
-            if let Some(animation_set) = animations.0.get(ghost_type) {
-                if let Some(animation) = animation_set.normal() {
-                    commands.entity(entity).insert(animation.clone());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// System that handles eaten ghost behavior and respawn logic.
 ///
 /// When a ghost is eaten by Pac-Man, it enters an "eaten" state where:
@@ -140,11 +81,13 @@ pub fn ghost_state_animation_system(
 pub fn eaten_ghost_system(
     map: Res<Map>,
     delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    animations: Res<GhostAnimations>,
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    mut eaten_ghosts: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &Ghost, &mut Position, &mut Velocity), With<Eaten>>,
+    mut eaten_ghosts: Query<(&Ghost, &mut Position, &mut Velocity, &mut GhostState)>,
 ) {
-    for (entity, ghost_type, mut position, mut velocity) in eaten_ghosts.iter_mut() {
+    for (ghost_type, mut position, mut velocity, mut ghost_state) in eaten_ghosts.iter_mut() {
+        // Only process ghosts that are in Eyes state
+        if !matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Eyes) {
+            continue;
+        }
         // Set higher speed for eaten ghosts returning to ghost house
         let original_speed = velocity.speed;
         velocity.speed = ghost_type.base_speed() * 2.0; // Move twice as fast when eaten
@@ -159,23 +102,21 @@ pub fn eaten_ghost_system(
                     velocity.direction = direction;
                     *position = Position::Moving {
                         from: current_node,
-                        to: map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node].get(direction).unwrap().target,
-                        remaining_distance: map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node].get(direction).unwrap().distance,
+                        to: map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node as usize].get(direction).unwrap().target,
+                        remaining_distance: map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node as usize]
+                            .get(direction)
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .distance,
                     };
                 }
             }
             Position::Moving { to, .. } => {
-                let distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+                let distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.seconds;
                 if let Some(_overflow) = position.tick(distance) {
                     // Reached target node, check if we're at ghost house center
                     if to == ghost_house_center {
-                        // Respawn the ghost - remove Eaten component and switch to normal animation
-                        commands.entity(entity).remove::<Eaten>();
-                        if let Some(animation_set) = animations.0.get(ghost_type) {
-                            if let Some(animation) = animation_set.normal() {
-                                commands.entity(entity).insert(animation.clone());
-                            }
-                        }
+                        // Respawn the ghost - set state back to normal
+                        *ghost_state = GhostState::Normal;
                         // Reset to stopped at ghost house center
                         *position = Position::Stopped {
                             node: ghost_house_center,
@@ -186,8 +127,8 @@ pub fn eaten_ghost_system(
                             velocity.direction = next_direction;
                             *position = Position::Moving {
                                 from: to,
-                                to: map.graph.adjacency_list[to].get(next_direction).unwrap().target,
-                                remaining_distance: map.graph.adjacency_list[to].get(next_direction).unwrap().distance,
+                                to: map.graph.adjacency_list[to as usize].get(next_direction).unwrap().target,
+                                remaining_distance: map.graph.adjacency_list[to as usize].get(next_direction).unwrap().distance,
                             };
                         }
                     }
@@ -202,7 +143,11 @@ pub fn eaten_ghost_system(
 
 /// Helper function to find the direction from a node towards a target node.
 /// Uses simple greedy pathfinding - prefers straight lines when possible.
-fn find_direction_to_target(map: &Map, from_node: usize, target_node: usize) -> Option<Direction> {
+fn find_direction_to_target(
+    map: &Map,
+    from_node: crate::systems::movement::NodeId,
+    target_node: crate::systems::movement::NodeId,
+) -> Option<Direction> {
     let from_pos = map.graph.get_node(from_node).unwrap().position;
     let target_pos = map.graph.get_node(target_node).unwrap().position;
 
@@ -224,7 +169,7 @@ fn find_direction_to_target(map: &Map, from_node: usize, target_node: usize) ->
 
     // Return first available direction towards target
     for direction in preferred_dirs {
-        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.adjacency_list[from_node].get(direction) {
+        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.adjacency_list[from_node as usize].get(direction) {
             if edge.traversal_flags.contains(TraversalFlags::GHOST) {
                 return Some(direction);
             }
@@ -233,3 +178,41 @@ fn find_direction_to_target(map: &Map, from_node: usize, target_node: usize) ->
 
     None
 }
+
+/// Unified system that manages ghost state transitions and animations with component swapping
+pub fn ghost_state_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    animations: Res<GhostAnimations>,
+    mut ghosts: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &Ghost, &mut GhostState, &mut LastAnimationState)>,
+) {
+    for (entity, ghost_type, mut ghost_state, mut last_animation_state) in ghosts.iter_mut() {
+        // Tick the ghost state to handle internal transitions (like flashing)
+        let _ = ghost_state.tick();
+
+        // Only update animation if the animation state actually changed
+        let current_animation_state = ghost_state.animation_state();
+        if last_animation_state.0 != current_animation_state {
+            match current_animation_state {
+                GhostAnimation::Frightened { flash } => {
+                    // Remove DirectionalAnimation, add LinearAnimation
+                    commands
+                        .entity(entity)
+                        .remove::<DirectionalAnimation>()
+                        .insert(*animations.frightened(flash));
+                }
+                GhostAnimation::Normal => {
+                    // Remove LinearAnimation, add DirectionalAnimation
+                    commands
+                        .entity(entity)
+                        .remove::<LinearAnimation>()
+                        .insert(*animations.get_normal(ghost_type).unwrap());
+                }
+                GhostAnimation::Eyes => {
+                    // Remove LinearAnimation, add DirectionalAnimation (eyes animation)
+                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<LinearAnimation>().insert(*animations.eyes());
+                }
+            }
+            last_animation_state.0 = current_animation_state;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/input.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
     system::{NonSendMut, Res, ResMut},
 };
 use glam::Vec2;
-use sdl2::{event::Event, keyboard::Keycode, EventPump};
+use sdl2::{
+    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
+    keyboard::Keycode,
+    EventPump,
+};
+use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 
 use crate::systems::components::DeltaTime;
 use crate::{
@@ -14,6 +19,12 @@ use crate::{
     map::direction::Direction,
 };
 
+// Touch input constants
+pub const TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD: f32 = 10.0;
+pub const TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD: f32 = 1.0;
+pub const MAX_TOUCH_MOVEMENT_SPEED: f32 = 100.0;
+pub const TOUCH_EASING_FACTOR: f32 = 1.5;
+
 #[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum CursorPosition {
     #[default]
@@ -24,6 +35,30 @@ pub enum CursorPosition {
     },
 }
 
+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TouchState {
+    pub active_touch: Option<TouchData>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TouchData {
+    pub finger_id: i64,
+    pub start_pos: Vec2,
+    pub current_pos: Vec2,
+    pub current_direction: Option<Direction>,
+}
+
+impl TouchData {
+    pub fn new(finger_id: i64, start_pos: Vec2) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            finger_id,
+            start_pos,
+            current_pos: start_pos,
+            current_direction: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Bindings {
     key_bindings: HashMap<Keycode, GameCommand>,
@@ -124,19 +159,69 @@ pub fn process_simple_key_events(bindings: &mut Bindings, frame_events: &[Simple
     emitted_events
 }
 
+/// Calculates the primary direction from a 2D vector delta
+pub fn calculate_direction_from_delta(delta: Vec2) -> Direction {
+    if delta.x.abs() > delta.y.abs() {
+        if delta.x > 0.0 {
+            Direction::Right
+        } else {
+            Direction::Left
+        }
+    } else if delta.y > 0.0 {
+        Direction::Down
+    } else {
+        Direction::Up
+    }
+}
+
+/// Updates the touch reference position with easing
+///
+/// This slowly moves the start_pos towards the current_pos, with the speed
+/// decreasing as the distance gets smaller. The maximum movement speed is capped.
+/// Returns the delta vector and its length for reuse by the caller.
+pub fn update_touch_reference_position(touch_data: &mut TouchData, delta_time: f32) -> (Vec2, f32) {
+    // Calculate the vector from start to current position
+    let delta = touch_data.current_pos - touch_data.start_pos;
+    let distance = delta.length();
+
+    // If there's no significant distance, nothing to do
+    if distance < TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD {
+        return (delta, distance);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate speed based on distance (slower as it gets closer)
+    // The easing function creates a curve where movement slows down as it approaches the target
+    let speed = (distance / TOUCH_EASING_FACTOR).min(MAX_TOUCH_MOVEMENT_SPEED);
+
+    // Calculate movement distance for this frame
+    let movement_amount = speed * delta_time;
+
+    // If the movement would overshoot, just set to target
+    if movement_amount >= distance {
+        touch_data.start_pos = touch_data.current_pos;
+    } else {
+        // Use direct vector scaling instead of normalization
+        let scale_factor = movement_amount / distance;
+        touch_data.start_pos += delta * scale_factor;
+    }
+
+    (delta, distance)
+}
+
 pub fn input_system(
     delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
     mut bindings: ResMut<Bindings>,
     mut writer: EventWriter<GameEvent>,
-    mut pump: NonSendMut<&'static mut EventPump>,
+    mut pump: NonSendMut<EventPump>,
     mut cursor: ResMut<CursorPosition>,
+    mut touch_state: ResMut<TouchState>,
 ) {
     let mut cursor_seen = false;
     // Collect all events for this frame.
-    let frame_events: Vec<Event> = pump.poll_iter().collect();
+    let frame_events: SmallVec<[Event; 3]> = pump.poll_iter().collect();
 
     // Handle non-keyboard events inline and build a simplified keyboard event stream.
-    let mut simple_key_events = Vec::new();
+    let mut simple_key_events: SmallVec<[SimpleKeyEvent; 3]> = smallvec![];
     for event in &frame_events {
         match *event {
             Event::Quit { .. } => {
@@ -148,22 +233,70 @@ pub fn input_system(
                     remaining_time: 0.20,
                 };
                 cursor_seen = true;
+
+                // Handle mouse motion as touch motion for desktop testing
+                if let Some(ref mut touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+                    touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
+                }
             }
-            Event::KeyDown {
-                keycode: Some(key),
-                repeat: false,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(key));
+            // Handle mouse events as touch for desktop testing
+            Event::MouseButtonDown { x, y, .. } => {
+                let pos = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32);
+                touch_state.active_touch = Some(TouchData::new(0, pos)); // Use ID 0 for mouse
             }
-            Event::KeyUp {
-                keycode: Some(key),
-                repeat: false,
-                ..
-            } => {
-                simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(key));
+            Event::MouseButtonUp { .. } => {
+                touch_state.active_touch = None;
+            }
+            // Handle actual touch events for mobile
+            Event::FingerDown { finger_id, x, y, .. } => {
+                // Convert normalized coordinates (0.0-1.0) to screen coordinates
+                let screen_x = x * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x as f32;
+                let screen_y = y * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.y as f32;
+                let pos = Vec2::new(screen_x, screen_y);
+                touch_state.active_touch = Some(TouchData::new(finger_id, pos));
+            }
+            Event::FingerMotion { finger_id, x, y, .. } => {
+                if let Some(ref mut touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+                    if touch_data.finger_id == finger_id {
+                        let screen_x = x * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x as f32;
+                        let screen_y = y * crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE.y as f32;
+                        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(screen_x, screen_y);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Event::FingerUp { finger_id, .. } => {
+                if let Some(ref touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+                    if touch_data.finger_id == finger_id {
+                        touch_state.active_touch = None;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Event::KeyDown { keycode, repeat, .. } => {
+                if let Some(key) = keycode {
+                    if repeat {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(key));
+                }
+            }
+            Event::KeyUp { keycode, repeat, .. } => {
+                if let Some(key) = keycode {
+                    if repeat {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    simple_key_events.push(SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(key));
+                }
+            }
+            Event::Window { win_event, .. } => {
+                if let WindowEvent::Resized(w, h) = win_event {
+                    tracing::info!(width = w, height = h, event = ?win_event, "Window Resized");
+                }
+            }
+            // Despite disabling this event, it's still received, so we ignore it explicitly.
+            Event::RenderTargetsReset { .. } => {}
+            _ => {
+                tracing::warn!(event = ?event, "Unhandled Event");
             }
-            _ => {}
         }
     }
 
@@ -173,8 +306,27 @@ pub fn input_system(
         writer.write(event);
     }
 
+    // Update touch reference position with easing
+    if let Some(ref mut touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+        // Apply easing to the reference position and get the delta for direction calculation
+        let (delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(touch_data, delta_time.seconds);
+
+        // Check for direction based on updated reference position
+        if distance >= TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD {
+            let direction = calculate_direction_from_delta(delta);
+
+            // Only send command if direction has changed
+            if touch_data.current_direction != Some(direction) {
+                touch_data.current_direction = Some(direction);
+                writer.write(GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction)));
+            }
+        } else if touch_data.current_direction.is_some() {
+            touch_data.current_direction = None;
+        }
+    }
+
     if let (false, CursorPosition::Some { remaining_time, .. }) = (cursor_seen, &mut *cursor) {
-        *remaining_time -= delta_time.0;
+        *remaining_time -= delta_time.seconds;
         if *remaining_time <= 0.0 {
             *cursor = CursorPosition::None;
         }

src/systems/item.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
+    constants::animation::FRIGHTENED_FLASH_START_TICKS,
     events::GameEvent,
-    systems::{AudioEvent, EntityType, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, ScoreResource, Vulnerable},
+    systems::{AudioEvent, EntityType, GhostCollider, GhostState, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, ScoreResource},
 };
 
 /// Determines if a collision between two entity types should be handled by the item system.
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn item_system(
     mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
     pacman_query: Query<Entity, With<PacmanCollider>>,
     item_query: Query<(Entity, &EntityType), With<ItemCollider>>,
-    ghost_query: Query<Entity, With<GhostCollider>>,
+    mut ghost_query: Query<&mut GhostState, With<GhostCollider>>,
     mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
 ) {
     for event in collision_events.read() {
@@ -54,16 +55,16 @@ pub fn item_system(
                         events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
                     }
 
-                    // Make ghosts vulnerable when power pellet is collected
+                    // Make ghosts frightened when power pellet is collected
                     if *entity_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
                         // Convert seconds to frames (assumes 60 FPS)
-                        let total_ticks = 60 * 5;
+                        let total_ticks = 60 * 5; // 5 seconds total
 
-                        // Add Vulnerable component to all ghosts
-                        for ghost_entity in ghost_query.iter() {
-                            commands.entity(ghost_entity).insert(Vulnerable {
-                                remaining_ticks: total_ticks,
-                            });
+                        // Set all ghosts to frightened state, except those in Eyes state
+                        for mut ghost_state in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
+                            if !matches!(*ghost_state, GhostState::Eyes) {
+                                *ghost_state = GhostState::new_frightened(total_ticks, FRIGHTENED_FLASH_START_TICKS);
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }

src/systems/mod.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ pub mod player;
 pub mod profiling;
 pub mod render;
 pub mod stage;
-pub mod vulnerable;
 
 pub use self::audio::*;
 pub use self::blinking::*;
@@ -31,4 +30,3 @@ pub use self::player::*;
 pub use self::profiling::*;
 pub use self::render::*;
 pub use self::stage::*;
-pub use self::vulnerable::*;

src/systems/movement.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use glam::Vec2;
 ///
 /// Nodes represent discrete movement targets in the maze. The index directly corresponds to the node's position in the
 /// graph's internal storage arrays.
-pub type NodeId = usize;
+pub type NodeId = u16;
 
 /// A component that represents the speed and cardinal direction of an entity.
 /// Speed is static, only applied when the entity has an edge to traverse.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl Position {
         let pos = match &self {
             Position::Stopped { node } => {
                 // Entity is stationary at a node
-                let node = graph.get_node(*node).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*node))?;
+                let node = graph.get_node(*node).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*node as usize))?;
                 node.position
             }
             Position::Moving {
@@ -66,11 +66,12 @@ impl Position {
                 remaining_distance,
             } => {
                 // Entity is traveling between nodes
-                let from_node = graph.get_node(*from).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*from))?;
-                let to_node = graph.get_node(*to).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*to))?;
-                let edge = graph
-                    .find_edge(*from, *to)
-                    .ok_or(EntityError::EdgeNotFound { from: *from, to: *to })?;
+                let from_node = graph.get_node(*from).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*from as usize))?;
+                let to_node = graph.get_node(*to).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*to as usize))?;
+                let edge = graph.find_edge(*from, *to).ok_or(EntityError::EdgeNotFound {
+                    from: *from as usize,
+                    to: *to as usize,
+                })?;
 
                 // For zero-distance edges (tunnels), progress >= 1.0 means we're at the target
                 if edge.distance == 0.0 {

src/systems/player.rs

@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
             } else {
                 *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::Some {
                     direction,
-                    remaining_time: remaining_time - delta_time.0,
+                    remaining_time: remaining_time - delta_time.seconds,
                 };
             }
         }
 
-        let mut distance = velocity.speed * modifiers.speed_multiplier * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+        let mut distance = velocity.speed * modifiers.speed_multiplier * 60.0 * delta_time.seconds;
 
         loop {
             match *position {

src/systems/profiling.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 use bevy_ecs::system::IntoSystem;
 use bevy_ecs::{resource::Resource, system::System};
 use circular_buffer::CircularBuffer;
-use micromap::Map;
 use num_width::NumberWidth;
-use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::time::Duration;
-use strum::EnumCount;
-use strum_macros::{EnumCount, IntoStaticStr};
+use strum::{EnumCount, IntoEnumIterator};
+use strum_macros::{EnumCount, EnumIter, IntoStaticStr};
 use thousands::Separable;
 
 /// The maximum number of systems that can be profiled. Must not be exceeded, or it will panic.
@@ -16,8 +16,127 @@ const MAX_SYSTEMS: usize = SystemId::COUNT;
 /// The number of durations to keep in the circular buffer.
 const TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 30;
 
-#[derive(EnumCount, IntoStaticStr, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Copy, Clone)]
+/// A timing buffer that tracks durations and automatically inserts zero durations for skipped ticks.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TimingBuffer {
+    /// Circular buffer storing timing durations
+    buffer: CircularBuffer<TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE, Duration>,
+    /// The last tick when this buffer was updated
+    last_tick: u64,
+}
+
+impl TimingBuffer {
+    /// Adds a timing duration for the current tick.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `current_tick` is less than `last_tick`, indicating time went backwards.
+    pub fn add_timing(&mut self, duration: Duration, current_tick: u64) {
+        if current_tick < self.last_tick {
+            panic!(
+                "Time went backwards: current_tick ({}) < last_tick ({})",
+                current_tick, self.last_tick
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Insert zero durations for any skipped ticks (but not the current tick)
+        if current_tick > self.last_tick {
+            let skipped_ticks = current_tick - self.last_tick - 1;
+            for _ in 0..skipped_ticks {
+                self.buffer.push_back(Duration::ZERO);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add the actual timing
+        self.buffer.push_back(duration);
+        self.last_tick = current_tick;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets statistics for this timing buffer.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `current_tick` is less than `last_tick`, indicating time went backwards.
+    pub fn get_stats(&mut self, current_tick: u64) -> (Duration, Duration) {
+        // Insert zero durations for any skipped ticks since last update (but not the current tick)
+        if current_tick > self.last_tick {
+            let skipped_ticks = current_tick - self.last_tick - 1;
+            for _ in 0..skipped_ticks {
+                self.buffer.push_back(Duration::ZERO);
+            }
+            self.last_tick = current_tick;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate statistics using Welford's algorithm
+        let mut sample_count = 0u16;
+        let mut running_mean = 0.0;
+        let mut sum_squared_diff = 0.0;
+
+        let skip = self.last_tick.saturating_sub(current_tick);
+        for duration in self.buffer.iter().skip(skip as usize) {
+            let duration_secs = duration.as_secs_f32();
+            sample_count += 1;
+
+            let diff_from_mean = duration_secs - running_mean;
+            running_mean += diff_from_mean / sample_count as f32;
+
+            let diff_from_new_mean = duration_secs - running_mean;
+            sum_squared_diff += diff_from_mean * diff_from_new_mean;
+        }
+
+        if sample_count > 0 {
+            let variance = if sample_count > 1 {
+                sum_squared_diff / (sample_count - 1) as f32
+            } else {
+                0.0
+            };
+
+            (
+                Duration::from_secs_f32(running_mean),
+                Duration::from_secs_f32(variance.sqrt()),
+            )
+        } else {
+            (Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A resource that tracks the current game tick using an atomic counter.
+/// This ensures thread-safe access to the tick counter across systems.
+#[derive(Resource, Debug)]
+pub struct Timing {
+    /// Atomic counter for the current game tick
+    current_tick: AtomicU64,
+}
+
+impl Timing {
+    /// Creates a new Timing resource starting at tick 0
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            current_tick: AtomicU64::new(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the current tick value
+    pub fn get_current_tick(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.current_tick.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    /// Increments the tick counter and returns the new value
+    pub fn increment_tick(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.current_tick.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) + 1
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Timing {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(EnumCount, EnumIter, IntoStaticStr, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum SystemId {
+    Total,
     Input,
     PlayerControls,
     Ghost,
@@ -25,6 +144,7 @@ pub enum SystemId {
     Audio,
     Blinking,
     DirectionalRender,
+    LinearRender,
     DirtyRender,
     HudRender,
     Render,
@@ -41,119 +161,86 @@ pub enum SystemId {
 
 impl Display for SystemId {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        // Use strum_macros::IntoStaticStr to get the static string
         write!(f, "{}", Into::<&'static str>::into(self).to_ascii_lowercase())
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug)]
+#[derive(Resource, Debug)]
 pub struct SystemTimings {
-    /// Map of system names to a queue of durations, using a circular buffer.
-    ///
-    /// Uses a RwLock to allow multiple readers for the HashMap, and a Mutex on the circular buffer for exclusive access.
-    /// This is probably overkill, but it's fun to play with.
-    ///
-    /// Also, we use a micromap::Map as the number of systems is generally quite small.
-    /// Just make sure to set the capacity appropriately, or it will panic.
-    pub timings: RwLock<Map<SystemId, Mutex<CircularBuffer<TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE, Duration>>, MAX_SYSTEMS>>,
+    /// Statically sized map of system names to timing buffers.
+    pub timings: micromap::Map<SystemId, Mutex<TimingBuffer>, MAX_SYSTEMS>,
+}
+
+impl Default for SystemTimings {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let mut timings = micromap::Map::new();
+
+        // Pre-populate with all SystemId variants to avoid runtime allocations
+        for id in SystemId::iter() {
+            timings.insert(id, Mutex::new(TimingBuffer::default()));
+        }
+
+        Self { timings }
+    }
 }
 
 impl SystemTimings {
-    pub fn add_timing(&self, id: SystemId, duration: Duration) {
-        // acquire a upgradable read lock
-        let mut timings = self.timings.upgradable_read();
-
-        // happy path, the name is already in the map (no need to mutate the hashmap)
-        if timings.contains_key(&id) {
-            let queue = timings
-                .get(&id)
-                .expect("System name not found in map after contains_key check");
-            let mut queue = queue.lock();
-
-            queue.push_back(duration);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // otherwise, acquire a write lock and insert a new queue
-        timings.with_upgraded(|timings| {
-            let queue = timings.entry(id).or_insert_with(|| Mutex::new(CircularBuffer::new()));
-            queue.lock().push_back(duration);
-        });
+    pub fn add_timing(&self, id: SystemId, duration: Duration, current_tick: u64) {
+        // Since all SystemId variants are pre-populated, we can use a simple read lock
+        let buffer = self
+            .timings
+            .get(&id)
+            .expect("SystemId not found in pre-populated map - this is a bug");
+        buffer.lock().add_timing(duration, current_tick);
     }
 
-    pub fn get_stats(&self) -> Map<SystemId, (Duration, Duration), MAX_SYSTEMS> {
-        let timings = self.timings.read();
-        let mut stats = Map::new();
+    /// Add timing for the Total system (total frame time including scheduler.run)
+    pub fn add_total_timing(&self, duration: Duration, current_tick: u64) {
+        self.add_timing(SystemId::Total, duration, current_tick);
+    }
 
-        for (id, queue) in timings.iter() {
-            if queue.lock().is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
+    pub fn get_stats(&self, current_tick: u64) -> micromap::Map<SystemId, (Duration, Duration), MAX_SYSTEMS> {
+        let mut stats = micromap::Map::new();
 
-            let durations: Vec<f64> = queue.lock().iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0).collect();
-            let count = durations.len() as f64;
+        // Iterate over all SystemId variants to ensure every system has an entry
+        for id in SystemId::iter() {
+            let buffer = self
+                .timings
+                .get(&id)
+                .expect("SystemId not found in pre-populated map - this is a bug");
 
-            let sum: f64 = durations.iter().sum();
-            let mean = sum / count;
-
-            let variance = durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
-            let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
-
-            stats.insert(
-                *id,
-                (
-                    Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
-                    Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
-                ),
-            );
+            let (average, standard_deviation) = buffer.lock().get_stats(current_tick);
+            stats.insert(id, (average, standard_deviation));
         }
 
         stats
     }
 
-    pub fn get_total_stats(&self) -> (Duration, Duration) {
-        let timings = self.timings.read();
-        let mut all_durations = Vec::new();
+    pub fn format_timing_display(&self, current_tick: u64) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
+        let stats = self.get_stats(current_tick);
 
-        for queue in timings.values() {
-            all_durations.extend(queue.lock().iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0));
-        }
-
-        if all_durations.is_empty() {
-            return (Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO);
-        }
-
-        let count = all_durations.len() as f64;
-        let sum: f64 = all_durations.iter().sum();
-        let mean = sum / count;
-
-        let variance = all_durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
-        let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
-
-        (
-            Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
-            Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn format_timing_display(&self) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
-        let stats = self.get_stats();
-        let (total_avg, total_std) = self.get_total_stats();
+        // Get the Total system metrics instead of averaging all systems
+        let (total_avg, total_std) = stats
+            .get(&SystemId::Total)
+            .copied()
+            .unwrap_or((Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO));
 
         let effective_fps = match 1.0 / total_avg.as_secs_f64() {
-            f if f > 100.0 => (f as u32).separate_with_commas(),
+            f if f > 100.0 => format!("{:>5} FPS", (f as u32).separate_with_commas()),
             f if f < 10.0 => format!("{:.1} FPS", f),
-            f => format!("{:.0} FPS", f),
+            f => format!("{:5.0} FPS", f),
         };
 
         // Collect timing data for formatting
         let mut timing_data = vec![(effective_fps, total_avg, total_std)];
 
-        // Sort the stats by average duration
-        let mut sorted_stats: Vec<_> = stats.iter().collect();
+        // Sort the stats by average duration, excluding the Total system
+        let mut sorted_stats: Vec<_> = stats.iter().filter(|(id, _)| **id != SystemId::Total).collect();
         sorted_stats.sort_by(|a, b| b.1 .0.cmp(&a.1 .0));
 
-        // Add the top 5 most expensive systems
-        for (name, (avg, std_dev)) in sorted_stats.iter().take(5) {
+        // Add the top 7 most expensive systems (excluding Total)
+        for (name, (avg, std_dev)) in sorted_stats.iter().take(9) {
             timing_data.push((name.to_string(), *avg, *std_dev));
         }
 
@@ -178,8 +265,9 @@ where
         system.run((), world);
         let duration = start.elapsed();
 
-        if let Some(timings) = world.get_resource::<SystemTimings>() {
-            timings.add_timing(id, duration);
+        if let (Some(timings), Some(timing)) = (world.get_resource::<SystemTimings>(), world.get_resource::<Timing>()) {
+            let current_tick = timing.get_current_tick();
+            timings.add_timing(id, duration, current_tick);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -251,17 +339,22 @@ pub fn format_timing_display(
         })
         .collect::<SmallVec<[Entry; 12]>>();
 
-    let (max_name_width, max_avg_int_width, max_avg_decimal_width, max_std_int_width, max_std_decimal_width) = entries
-        .iter()
-        .fold((0, 0, 3, 0, 3), |(name_w, avg_int_w, avg_dec_w, std_int_w, std_dec_w), e| {
-            (
-                name_w.max(e.name.len()),
-                avg_int_w.max(e.avg_int.width() as usize),
-                avg_dec_w.max(e.avg_decimal.width() as usize),
-                std_int_w.max(e.std_int.width() as usize),
-                std_dec_w.max(e.std_decimal.width() as usize),
-            )
-        });
+    let (max_avg_int_width, max_avg_decimal_width, max_std_int_width, max_std_decimal_width) =
+        entries
+            .iter()
+            .fold((0, 3, 0, 3), |(avg_int_w, avg_dec_w, std_int_w, std_dec_w), e| {
+                (
+                    avg_int_w.max(e.avg_int.width() as usize),
+                    avg_dec_w.max(e.avg_decimal.width() as usize),
+                    std_int_w.max(e.std_int.width() as usize),
+                    std_dec_w.max(e.std_decimal.width() as usize),
+                )
+            });
+
+    let max_name_width = SystemId::iter()
+        .map(|id| id.to_string().len())
+        .max()
+        .expect("SystemId::iter() returned an empty iterator");
 
     entries.iter().map(|e| {
             format!(

src/systems/render.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 use crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
 use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::input::TouchState;
 use crate::systems::{
-    DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, Position, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence,
-    Velocity,
+    debug_render_system, BatchedLinesResource, Collider, CursorPosition, DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime,
+    DirectionalAnimation, LinearAnimation, Position, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence, SystemId, SystemTimings,
+    TtfAtlasResource, Velocity,
 };
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
 use crate::texture::text::TextTexture;
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::{Point, Rect};
 use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas, Texture};
 use sdl2::video::Window;
+use std::time::Instant;
 
 #[derive(Resource, Default)]
 pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
@@ -25,6 +28,13 @@ pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
 #[derive(Component)]
 pub struct Hidden;
 
+/// Enum to identify which texture is being rendered to in the combined render system
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+enum RenderTarget {
+    Backbuffer,
+    Debug,
+}
+
 #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn dirty_render_system(
     mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
@@ -37,44 +47,146 @@ pub fn dirty_render_system(
     }
 }
 
-/// Updates the directional animated texture of an entity.
+/// Updates directional animated entities with synchronized timing across directions.
 ///
-/// This runs before the render system so it can update the sprite based on the current direction of travel, as well as whether the entity is moving.
+/// This runs before the render system to update sprites based on current direction and movement state.
+/// All directions share the same frame timing to ensure perfect synchronization.
 pub fn directional_render_system(
     dt: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut renderables: Query<(&Position, &Velocity, &mut DirectionalAnimated, &mut Renderable)>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+    mut query: Query<(&Position, &Velocity, &mut DirectionalAnimation, &mut Renderable)>,
 ) {
-    for (position, velocity, mut texture, mut renderable) in renderables.iter_mut() {
-        let stopped = matches!(position, Position::Stopped { .. });
-        let current_direction = velocity.direction;
+    let ticks = (dt.seconds * 60.0).round() as u16; // Convert from seconds to ticks at 60 ticks/sec
 
-        let texture = if stopped {
-            texture.stopped_textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+    for (position, velocity, mut anim, mut renderable) in query.iter_mut() {
+        let stopped = matches!(position, Position::Stopped { .. });
+
+        // Only tick animation when moving to preserve stopped frame
+        if !stopped {
+            // Tick shared animation state
+            anim.time_bank += ticks;
+            while anim.time_bank >= anim.frame_duration {
+                anim.time_bank -= anim.frame_duration;
+                anim.current_frame += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Get tiles for current direction and movement state
+        let tiles = if stopped {
+            anim.stopped_tiles.get(velocity.direction)
         } else {
-            texture.textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+            anim.moving_tiles.get(velocity.direction)
         };
 
-        if let Some(texture) = texture {
-            if !stopped {
-                texture.tick(dt.0);
-            }
-            let new_tile = *texture.current_tile();
+        if !tiles.is_empty() {
+            let new_tile = tiles.get_tile(anim.current_frame);
+            if renderable.sprite != new_tile {
+                renderable.sprite = new_tile;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Updates linear animated entities (used for non-directional animations like frightened ghosts).
+///
+/// This system handles entities that use LinearAnimation component for simple frame cycling.
+pub fn linear_render_system(dt: Res<DeltaTime>, mut query: Query<(&mut LinearAnimation, &mut Renderable)>) {
+    let ticks = (dt.seconds * 60.0).round() as u16; // Convert from seconds to ticks at 60 ticks/sec
+
+    for (mut anim, mut renderable) in query.iter_mut() {
+        // Tick animation
+        anim.time_bank += ticks;
+        while anim.time_bank >= anim.frame_duration {
+            anim.time_bank -= anim.frame_duration;
+            anim.current_frame += 1;
+        }
+
+        if !anim.tiles.is_empty() {
+            let new_tile = anim.tiles.get_tile(anim.current_frame);
             if renderable.sprite != new_tile {
                 renderable.sprite = new_tile;
             }
-        } else {
-            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed("Entity has no texture".to_string()).into());
-            continue;
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// A non-send resource for the map texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
-pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
+pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture);
 
 /// A non-send resource for the backbuffer texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
-pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture<'static>);
+pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture);
+
+/// Renders touch UI overlay for mobile/testing.
+pub fn touch_ui_render_system(
+    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    touch_state: Res<TouchState>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    if let Some(ref touch_data) = touch_state.active_touch {
+        let _ = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |canvas| {
+            // Set blend mode for transparency
+            canvas.set_blend_mode(BlendMode::Blend);
+
+            // Draw semi-transparent circle at touch start position
+            canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(255, 255, 255, 100));
+            let center = Point::new(touch_data.start_pos.x as i32, touch_data.start_pos.y as i32);
+
+            // Draw a simple circle by drawing filled rectangles (basic approach)
+            let radius = 30;
+            for dy in -radius..=radius {
+                for dx in -radius..=radius {
+                    if dx * dx + dy * dy <= radius * radius {
+                        let point = Point::new(center.x + dx, center.y + dy);
+                        if let Err(e) = canvas.draw_point(point) {
+                            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Touch UI render error: {}", e)).into());
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Draw direction indicator if we have a direction
+            if let Some(direction) = touch_data.current_direction {
+                canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 255, 0, 150));
+
+                // Draw arrow indicating direction
+                let arrow_length = 40;
+                let (dx, dy) = match direction {
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Up => (0, -arrow_length),
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Down => (0, arrow_length),
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Left => (-arrow_length, 0),
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Right => (arrow_length, 0),
+                };
+
+                let end_point = Point::new(center.x + dx, center.y + dy);
+                if let Err(e) = canvas.draw_line(center, end_point) {
+                    errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Touch arrow render error: {}", e)).into());
+                }
+
+                // Draw arrowhead (simple approach)
+                let arrow_size = 8;
+                match direction {
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Up => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                    }
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Down => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                    }
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Left => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x + arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                    }
+                    crate::map::direction::Direction::Right => {
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y - arrow_size));
+                        let _ = canvas.draw_line(end_point, Point::new(end_point.x - arrow_size, end_point.y + arrow_size));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
 
 /// Renders the HUD (score, lives, etc.) on top of the game.
 pub fn hud_render_system(
@@ -97,7 +209,7 @@ pub fn hud_render_system(
             errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render lives text: {}", e)).into());
         }
 
-        // Render score text in yellow (Pac-Man's color)
+        // Render score text
         let score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
         let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
         let score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
@@ -106,6 +218,14 @@ pub fn hud_render_system(
             errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render score text: {}", e)).into());
         }
 
+        // Render high score text
+        let high_score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
+        let high_score_offset = 17 - (high_score_text.len() as i32);
+        let high_score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * high_score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &high_score_text, high_score_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render high score text: {}", e)).into());
+        }
+
         // Render text based on StartupSequence stage
         if matches!(
             *startup,
@@ -135,61 +255,142 @@ pub fn hud_render_system(
 
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn render_system(
+    canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
+    map_texture: &NonSendMut<MapTextureResource>,
+    atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
+    map: &Res<Map>,
+    dirty: &Res<RenderDirty>,
+    renderables: &Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), Without<Hidden>>,
+    errors: &mut EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    if !dirty.0 {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Clear the backbuffer
+    canvas.set_draw_color(sdl2::pixels::Color::BLACK);
+    canvas.clear();
+
+    // Copy the pre-rendered map texture to the backbuffer
+    if let Err(e) = canvas.copy(&map_texture.0, None, None) {
+        errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+    }
+
+    // Render all entities to the backbuffer
+    for (_, renderable, position) in renderables
+        .iter()
+        .sort_by_key::<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), _>(|(_, renderable, _)| renderable.layer)
+        .rev()
+    {
+        let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph);
+        match pos {
+            Ok(pos) => {
+                let dest = Rect::from_center(
+                    Point::from((pos.x as i32, pos.y as i32)),
+                    renderable.sprite.size.x as u32,
+                    renderable.sprite.size.y as u32,
+                );
+
+                renderable
+                    .sprite
+                    .render(canvas, atlas, dest)
+                    .err()
+                    .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                errors.write(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Combined render system that renders to both backbuffer and debug textures in a single
+/// with_multiple_texture_canvas call for reduced overhead
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn combined_render_system(
     mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
     map_texture: NonSendMut<MapTextureResource>,
     mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
     mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
+    mut ttf_atlas: NonSendMut<TtfAtlasResource>,
+    batched_lines: Res<BatchedLinesResource>,
+    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+    timings: Res<SystemTimings>,
+    timing: Res<crate::systems::profiling::Timing>,
     map: Res<Map>,
     dirty: Res<RenderDirty>,
     renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), Without<Hidden>>,
+    colliders: Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
+    cursor: Res<CursorPosition>,
     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
     if !dirty.0 {
         return;
     }
-    // Render to backbuffer
-    canvas
-        .with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |backbuffer_canvas| {
-            // Clear the backbuffer
-            backbuffer_canvas.set_draw_color(sdl2::pixels::Color::BLACK);
-            backbuffer_canvas.clear();
 
-            // Copy the pre-rendered map texture to the backbuffer
-            if let Err(e) = backbuffer_canvas.copy(&map_texture.0, None, None) {
-                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+    // Prepare textures and render targets
+    let textures = [
+        (&mut backbuffer.0, RenderTarget::Backbuffer),
+        (&mut debug_texture.0, RenderTarget::Debug),
+    ];
+
+    // Record timing for each system independently
+    let mut render_duration = None;
+    let mut debug_render_duration = None;
+
+    let result = canvas.with_multiple_texture_canvas(textures.iter(), |texture_canvas, render_target| match render_target {
+        RenderTarget::Backbuffer => {
+            let start_time = Instant::now();
+
+            render_system(
+                texture_canvas,
+                &map_texture,
+                &mut atlas,
+                &map,
+                &dirty,
+                &renderables,
+                &mut errors,
+            );
+
+            render_duration = Some(start_time.elapsed());
+        }
+        RenderTarget::Debug => {
+            if !debug_state.enabled {
+                return;
             }
 
-            // Render all entities to the backbuffer
-            for (_, renderable, position) in renderables
-                .iter()
-                .sort_by_key::<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), _>(|(_, renderable, _)| renderable.layer)
-                .rev()
-            {
-                let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph);
-                match pos {
-                    Ok(pos) => {
-                        let dest = Rect::from_center(
-                            Point::from((pos.x as i32, pos.y as i32)),
-                            renderable.sprite.size.x as u32,
-                            renderable.sprite.size.y as u32,
-                        );
+            let start_time = Instant::now();
 
-                        renderable
-                            .sprite
-                            .render(backbuffer_canvas, &mut atlas, dest)
-                            .err()
-                            .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        errors.write(e);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        })
-        .err()
-        .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
+            debug_render_system(
+                texture_canvas,
+                &mut ttf_atlas,
+                &batched_lines,
+                &debug_state,
+                &timings,
+                &timing,
+                &map,
+                &colliders,
+                &cursor,
+            );
 
-    canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+            debug_render_duration = Some(start_time.elapsed());
+        }
+    });
+
+    if let Err(e) = result {
+        errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+    }
+
+    // Record timings for each system independently
+    let current_tick = timing.get_current_tick();
+
+    if let Some(duration) = render_duration {
+        timings.add_timing(SystemId::Render, duration, current_tick);
+    }
+    if let Some(duration) = debug_render_duration {
+        timings.add_timing(SystemId::DebugRender, duration, current_tick);
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn present_system(

src/systems/vulnerable.rs

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{
-    query::With,
-    system::{Commands, Query, Res},
-};
-
-use crate::constants::animation::FRIGHTENED_FLASH_START_TICKS;
-use crate::systems::{Ghost, GhostAnimations, GhostCollider, Vulnerable};
-
-/// System that decrements the remaining_ticks on Vulnerable components and removes them when they reach zero
-pub fn vulnerable_tick_system(
-    mut commands: Commands,
-    animations: Res<GhostAnimations>,
-    mut vulnerable_query: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &mut Vulnerable, &Ghost), With<GhostCollider>>,
-) {
-    for (entity, mut vulnerable, ghost_type) in vulnerable_query.iter_mut() {
-        if vulnerable.remaining_ticks > 0 {
-            vulnerable.remaining_ticks -= 1;
-        }
-
-        // When 2 seconds are remaining, start flashing
-        if vulnerable.remaining_ticks == FRIGHTENED_FLASH_START_TICKS {
-            if let Some(animation_set) = animations.0.get(ghost_type) {
-                if let Some(animation) = animation_set.frightened_flashing() {
-                    commands.entity(entity).insert(animation.clone());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if vulnerable.remaining_ticks == 0 {
-            commands.entity(entity).remove::<Vulnerable>();
-        }
-    }
-}

src/texture/animated.rs

@@ -1,83 +1,73 @@
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
-
-use crate::error::{AnimatedTextureError, GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
+use crate::map::direction::Direction;
 use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
 
-/// Frame-based animation system for cycling through multiple sprite tiles.
-///
-/// Manages automatic frame progression based on elapsed time.
-/// Uses a time banking system to ensure consistent animation speed regardless of frame rate variations.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AnimatedTexture {
-    /// Sequence of sprite tiles that make up the animation frames
-    tiles: SmallVec<[AtlasTile; 4]>,
-    /// Duration each frame should be displayed (in seconds)
-    frame_duration: f32,
-    /// Index of the currently active frame in the tiles vector
-    current_frame: usize,
-    /// Accumulated time since the last frame change (for smooth timing)
-    time_bank: f32,
+/// Fixed-size tile sequence that avoids heap allocation
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct TileSequence {
+    tiles: [AtlasTile; 4], // Fixed array, max 4 frames
+    count: usize,          // Actual number of frames used
 }
 
-impl AnimatedTexture {
-    pub fn new(tiles: SmallVec<[AtlasTile; 4]>, frame_duration: f32) -> GameResult<Self> {
-        if frame_duration <= 0.0 {
-            return Err(GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(
-                AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(frame_duration),
-            )));
-        }
+impl TileSequence {
+    /// Creates a new tile sequence from a slice of tiles
+    pub fn new(tiles: &[AtlasTile]) -> Self {
+        let mut tile_array = [AtlasTile {
+            pos: glam::U16Vec2::ZERO,
+            size: glam::U16Vec2::ZERO,
+            color: None,
+        }; 4];
 
-        Ok(Self {
-            tiles,
-            frame_duration,
-            current_frame: 0,
-            time_bank: 0.0,
-        })
-    }
+        let count = tiles.len().min(4);
+        tile_array[..count].copy_from_slice(&tiles[..count]);
 
-    /// Advances the animation by the specified time delta with automatic frame cycling.
-    ///
-    /// Accumulates time in the time bank and progresses through frames when enough
-    /// time has elapsed. Supports frame rates independent of game frame rate by
-    /// potentially advancing multiple frames in a single call if `dt` is large.
-    /// Animation loops automatically when reaching the final frame.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `dt` - Time elapsed since the last tick (typically frame delta time)
-    pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) {
-        self.time_bank += dt;
-        while self.time_bank >= self.frame_duration {
-            self.time_bank -= self.frame_duration;
-            self.current_frame = (self.current_frame + 1) % self.tiles.len();
+        Self {
+            tiles: tile_array,
+            count,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn current_tile(&self) -> &AtlasTile {
-        &self.tiles[self.current_frame]
+    /// Returns the tile at the given frame index, wrapping if necessary
+    pub fn get_tile(&self, frame: usize) -> AtlasTile {
+        if self.count == 0 {
+            // Return a default empty tile if no tiles
+            AtlasTile {
+                pos: glam::U16Vec2::ZERO,
+                size: glam::U16Vec2::ZERO,
+                color: None,
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.tiles[frame % self.count]
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the current frame index.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn current_frame(&self) -> usize {
-        self.current_frame
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the time bank.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn time_bank(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.time_bank
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the frame duration.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn frame_duration(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.frame_duration
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of tiles in the animation.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn tiles_len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.tiles.len()
+    /// Returns true if this sequence has no tiles
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.count == 0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Type-safe directional tile storage with named fields
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct DirectionalTiles {
+    pub up: TileSequence,
+    pub down: TileSequence,
+    pub left: TileSequence,
+    pub right: TileSequence,
+}
+
+impl DirectionalTiles {
+    /// Creates a new DirectionalTiles with different sequences per direction
+    pub fn new(up: TileSequence, down: TileSequence, left: TileSequence, right: TileSequence) -> Self {
+        Self { up, down, left, right }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the tile sequence for the given direction
+    pub fn get(&self, direction: Direction) -> &TileSequence {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Up => &self.up,
+            Direction::Down => &self.down,
+            Direction::Left => &self.left,
+            Direction::Right => &self.right,
+        }
     }
 }

src/texture/blinking.rs

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(dead_code)]
-use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct BlinkingTexture {
-    tile: AtlasTile,
-    blink_duration: f32,
-    time_bank: f32,
-    is_on: bool,
-}
-
-impl BlinkingTexture {
-    pub fn new(tile: AtlasTile, blink_duration: f32) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            tile,
-            blink_duration,
-            time_bank: 0.0,
-            is_on: true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) {
-        self.time_bank += dt;
-        if self.time_bank >= self.blink_duration {
-            self.time_bank -= self.blink_duration;
-            self.is_on = !self.is_on;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_on(&self) -> bool {
-        self.is_on
-    }
-
-    pub fn tile(&self) -> &AtlasTile {
-        &self.tile
-    }
-
-    // Helper methods for testing
-    pub fn time_bank(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.time_bank
-    }
-
-    pub fn blink_duration(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.blink_duration
-    }
-}

src/texture/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod animated;
-pub mod blinking;
 pub mod sprite;
+pub mod sprites;
 pub mod text;
+pub mod ttf;

src/texture/sprite.rs

@@ -3,27 +3,25 @@ use glam::U16Vec2;
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::Rect;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget, Texture};
-use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::error::TextureError;
 
 /// Atlas frame mapping data loaded from JSON metadata files.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct AtlasMapper {
     /// Mapping from sprite name to frame bounds within the atlas texture
     pub frames: HashMap<String, MapperFrame>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct MapperFrame {
-    pub x: u16,
-    pub y: u16,
-    pub width: u16,
-    pub height: u16,
+    pub pos: U16Vec2,
+    pub size: U16Vec2,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+/// A single tile within a sprite atlas, defined by its position and size.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
 pub struct AtlasTile {
     pub pos: U16Vec2,
     pub size: U16Vec2,
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ impl AtlasTile {
 /// and optional default color modulation configuration.
 pub struct SpriteAtlas {
     /// The combined texture containing all sprite frames
-    texture: Texture<'static>,
+    texture: Texture,
     /// Mapping from sprite names to their pixel coordinates within the texture
     tiles: HashMap<String, MapperFrame>,
     default_color: Option<Color>,
@@ -91,10 +89,12 @@ pub struct SpriteAtlas {
 }
 
 impl SpriteAtlas {
-    pub fn new(texture: Texture<'static>, mapper: AtlasMapper) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(texture: Texture, mapper: AtlasMapper) -> Self {
+        let tiles = mapper.frames.into_iter().collect();
+
         Self {
             texture,
-            tiles: mapper.frames,
+            tiles,
             default_color: None,
             last_modulation: None,
         }
@@ -106,11 +106,15 @@ impl SpriteAtlas {
     /// for the named sprite, or `None` if the sprite name is not found in the
     /// atlas. The returned tile can be used for immediate rendering or stored
     /// for repeated use in animations and entity sprites.
-    pub fn get_tile(&self, name: &str) -> Option<AtlasTile> {
-        self.tiles.get(name).map(|frame| AtlasTile {
-            pos: U16Vec2::new(frame.x, frame.y),
-            size: U16Vec2::new(frame.width, frame.height),
-            color: None,
+    pub fn get_tile(&self, name: &str) -> Result<AtlasTile, TextureError> {
+        let frame = self
+            .tiles
+            .get(name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(name.to_string()))?;
+        Ok(AtlasTile {
+            pos: frame.pos,
+            size: frame.size,
+            color: self.default_color,
         })
     }
 
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ impl SpriteAtlas {
     }
 
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn texture(&self) -> &Texture<'static> {
+    pub fn texture(&self) -> &Texture {
         &self.texture
     }
 

src/texture/sprites.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//! A structured representation of all sprite assets in the game.
+//!
+//! This module provides a set of enums to represent every sprite, allowing for
+//! type-safe access to asset paths and avoiding the use of raw strings.
+//! The `GameSprite` enum is the main entry point, and its `to_path` method
+//! generates the correct path for a given sprite in the texture atlas.
+
+use crate::map::direction::Direction;
+use crate::systems::components::Ghost;
+
+/// Represents the different sprites for Pac-Man.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum PacmanSprite {
+    /// A moving Pac-Man sprite for a given direction and animation frame.
+    Moving(Direction, u8),
+    /// The full, closed-mouth Pac-Man sprite.
+    Full,
+}
+
+/// Represents the color of a frightened ghost.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum FrightenedColor {
+    Blue,
+    White,
+}
+
+/// Represents the different sprites for ghosts.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum GhostSprite {
+    /// The normal appearance of a ghost for a given type, direction, and animation frame.
+    Normal(Ghost, Direction, u8),
+    /// The frightened appearance of a ghost, with a specific color and animation frame.
+    Frightened(FrightenedColor, u8),
+    /// The "eyes only" appearance of a ghost after being eaten.
+    Eyes(Direction),
+}
+
+/// Represents the different sprites for the maze and collectibles.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum MazeSprite {
+    /// A specific tile of the maze.
+    Tile(u8),
+    /// A standard pellet.
+    Pellet,
+    /// An energizer/power pellet.
+    Energizer,
+}
+
+/// A top-level enum that encompasses all game sprites.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum GameSprite {
+    Pacman(PacmanSprite),
+    Ghost(GhostSprite),
+    Maze(MazeSprite),
+}
+
+impl GameSprite {
+    /// Generates the asset path for the sprite.
+    ///
+    /// This path corresponds to the filename in the texture atlas JSON file.
+    pub fn to_path(self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            GameSprite::Pacman(sprite) => match sprite {
+                PacmanSprite::Moving(dir, frame) => {
+                    let frame_char = match frame {
+                        0 => 'a',
+                        1 => 'b',
+                        _ => panic!("Invalid animation frame"),
+                    };
+                    format!("pacman/{}_{}.png", dir.as_ref().to_lowercase(), frame_char)
+                }
+                PacmanSprite::Full => "pacman/full.png".to_string(),
+            },
+            GameSprite::Ghost(sprite) => match sprite {
+                GhostSprite::Normal(ghost, dir, frame) => {
+                    let frame_char = match frame {
+                        0 => 'a',
+                        1 => 'b',
+                        _ => panic!("Invalid animation frame"),
+                    };
+                    format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost.as_str(), dir.as_ref().to_lowercase(), frame_char)
+                }
+                GhostSprite::Frightened(color, frame) => {
+                    let frame_char = match frame {
+                        0 => 'a',
+                        1 => 'b',
+                        _ => panic!("Invalid animation frame"),
+                    };
+                    let color_str = match color {
+                        FrightenedColor::Blue => "blue",
+                        FrightenedColor::White => "white",
+                    };
+                    format!("ghost/frightened/{}_{}.png", color_str, frame_char)
+                }
+                GhostSprite::Eyes(dir) => format!("ghost/eyes/{}.png", dir.as_ref().to_lowercase()),
+            },
+            GameSprite::Maze(sprite) => match sprite {
+                MazeSprite::Tile(index) => format!("maze/tiles/{}.png", index),
+                MazeSprite::Pellet => "maze/pellet.png".to_string(),
+                MazeSprite::Energizer => "maze/energizer.png".to_string(),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}

src/texture/text.rs

@@ -60,10 +60,7 @@ use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use crate::{
-    error::{GameError, TextureError},
-    texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas},
-};
+use crate::texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas};
 
 /// Converts a character to its tile name in the atlas.
 fn char_to_tile_name(c: char) -> Option<String> {
@@ -122,9 +119,7 @@ impl TextTexture {
         }
 
         if let Some(tile_name) = char_to_tile_name(c) {
-            let tile = atlas
-                .get_tile(&tile_name)
-                .ok_or(GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(tile_name)))?;
+            let tile = atlas.get_tile(&tile_name)?;
             self.char_map.insert(c, tile);
             Ok(self.char_map.get(&c))
         } else {

src/texture/ttf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+//! TTF font rendering using pre-rendered character atlas.
+//!
+//! This module provides efficient TTF font rendering by pre-rendering all needed
+//! characters into a texture atlas at startup, avoiding expensive SDL2 font
+//! surface-to-texture conversions every frame.
+
+use glam::{UVec2, Vec2};
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::rect::Rect;
+use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget, Texture, TextureCreator};
+
+use sdl2::ttf::Font;
+use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
+
+/// Character atlas tile representing a single rendered character
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct TtfCharTile {
+    pub pos: UVec2,
+    pub size: UVec2,
+    pub advance: u32, // Character advance width for proportional fonts
+}
+
+/// TTF text atlas containing pre-rendered characters for efficient rendering
+pub struct TtfAtlas {
+    /// The texture containing all rendered characters
+    texture: Texture,
+    /// Mapping from character to its position and size in the atlas
+    char_tiles: HashMap<char, TtfCharTile>,
+    /// Cached color modulation state to avoid redundant SDL2 calls
+    last_modulation: Option<Color>,
+}
+
+const TTF_CHARS: &str = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.,:-/()ms μµ%± ";
+
+impl TtfAtlas {
+    /// Creates a new TTF text atlas by pre-rendering all needed characters.
+    ///
+    /// This should be called once at startup. It renders all characters that might
+    /// be used in text rendering into a single texture atlas for efficient GPU rendering.
+    pub fn new(texture_creator: &TextureCreator<WindowContext>, font: &Font) -> Result<Self, GameError> {
+        // Calculate character dimensions and advance widths for proportional fonts
+        let mut char_tiles = HashMap::new();
+        let mut max_height = 0u32;
+        let mut total_width = 0u32;
+        let mut char_metrics = Vec::new();
+
+        // First pass: measure all characters
+        for c in TTF_CHARS.chars() {
+            if c == ' ' {
+                // Handle space character specially - measure a non-space character for height
+                let space_height = font.size_of("0").map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?.1;
+                let space_advance = font.size_of(" ").map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?.0;
+                char_tiles.insert(
+                    c,
+                    TtfCharTile {
+                        pos: UVec2::ZERO,                  // Will be set during population
+                        size: UVec2::new(0, space_height), // Space has no visual content
+                        advance: space_advance,
+                    },
+                );
+                max_height = max_height.max(space_height);
+                char_metrics.push((c, 0, space_height, space_advance));
+            } else {
+                let (advance, height) = font.size_of(&c.to_string()).map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+                char_tiles.insert(
+                    c,
+                    TtfCharTile {
+                        pos: UVec2::ZERO, // Will be set during population
+                        size: UVec2::new(advance, height),
+                        advance,
+                    },
+                );
+                max_height = max_height.max(height);
+                total_width += advance;
+                char_metrics.push((c, advance, height, advance));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Calculate atlas dimensions (pack characters horizontally for better space utilization)
+        let atlas_size = UVec2::new(total_width, max_height);
+
+        // Create atlas texture as a render target
+        let mut atlas_texture = texture_creator
+            .create_texture_target(None, atlas_size.x, atlas_size.y)
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        atlas_texture.set_blend_mode(sdl2::render::BlendMode::Blend);
+
+        // Second pass: calculate positions
+        let mut current_x = 0u32;
+        for (c, width, _height, _advance) in char_metrics {
+            if let Some(tile) = char_tiles.get_mut(&c) {
+                tile.pos = UVec2::new(current_x, 0);
+                current_x += width;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            texture: atlas_texture,
+            char_tiles,
+            last_modulation: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Renders all characters to the atlas texture using a canvas.
+    /// This must be called after creation to populate the atlas.
+    pub fn populate_atlas<C: RenderTarget>(
+        &mut self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
+        texture_creator: &TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
+        font: &Font,
+    ) -> Result<(), GameError> {
+        let mut render_error: Option<GameError> = None;
+
+        let result = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut self.texture, |atlas_canvas| {
+            // Clear with transparent background
+            atlas_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
+            atlas_canvas.clear();
+
+            for c in TTF_CHARS.chars() {
+                if c == ' ' {
+                    // Skip rendering space character - it has no visual content
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Render character to surface
+                let surface = match font.render(&c.to_string()).blended(Color::WHITE) {
+                    Ok(s) => s,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Create texture from surface
+                let char_texture = match texture_creator.create_texture_from_surface(&surface) {
+                    Ok(t) => t,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Get character tile info
+                let tile = match self.char_tiles.get(&c) {
+                    Some(t) => t,
+                    None => {
+                        render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(format!("Character '{}' not found in atlas tiles", c)));
+                        return;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Copy character to atlas
+                let dest = Rect::new(tile.pos.x as i32, tile.pos.y as i32, tile.size.x, tile.size.y);
+                if let Err(e) = atlas_canvas.copy(&char_texture, None, dest) {
+                    render_error = Some(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Check the result of with_texture_canvas and any render error
+        if let Err(e) = result {
+            return Err(GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(error) = render_error {
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Gets a character tile from the atlas
+    pub fn get_char_tile(&self, c: char) -> Option<&TtfCharTile> {
+        self.char_tiles.get(&c)
+    }
+}
+
+/// TTF text renderer that uses the pre-rendered character atlas
+pub struct TtfRenderer {
+    scale: f32,
+}
+
+impl TtfRenderer {
+    pub fn new(scale: f32) -> Self {
+        Self { scale }
+    }
+
+    /// Renders a string of text at the given position with the specified color
+    pub fn render_text<C: RenderTarget>(
+        &self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
+        atlas: &mut TtfAtlas,
+        text: &str,
+        position: Vec2,
+        color: Color,
+    ) -> Result<(), TextureError> {
+        let mut x_offset = 0.0;
+
+        // Apply color modulation once at the beginning if needed
+        if atlas.last_modulation != Some(color) {
+            atlas.texture.set_color_mod(color.r, color.g, color.b);
+            atlas.texture.set_alpha_mod(color.a);
+            atlas.last_modulation = Some(color);
+        }
+
+        for c in text.chars() {
+            // Get character tile info first to avoid borrowing conflicts
+            let char_tile = atlas.get_char_tile(c);
+
+            if let Some(char_tile) = char_tile {
+                if char_tile.size.x > 0 && char_tile.size.y > 0 {
+                    // Only render non-space characters
+                    let dest = Rect::new(
+                        (position.x + x_offset) as i32,
+                        position.y as i32,
+                        (char_tile.size.x as f32 * self.scale) as u32,
+                        (char_tile.size.y as f32 * self.scale) as u32,
+                    );
+
+                    // Render the character directly
+                    let src = Rect::new(
+                        char_tile.pos.x as i32,
+                        char_tile.pos.y as i32,
+                        char_tile.size.x,
+                        char_tile.size.y,
+                    );
+                    canvas.copy(&atlas.texture, src, dest).map_err(TextureError::RenderFailed)?;
+                }
+
+                // Advance by character advance width (proportional spacing)
+                x_offset += char_tile.advance as f32 * self.scale;
+            } else {
+                // Fallback for unsupported characters - use a reasonable default
+                x_offset += 8.0 * self.scale;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate the width of a text string in pixels
+    pub fn text_width(&self, atlas: &TtfAtlas, text: &str) -> u32 {
+        let mut total_width = 0u32;
+
+        for c in text.chars() {
+            if let Some(char_tile) = atlas.get_char_tile(c) {
+                total_width += (char_tile.advance as f32 * self.scale) as u32;
+            } else {
+                // Fallback for unsupported characters
+                total_width += (8.0 * self.scale) as u32;
+            }
+        }
+
+        total_width
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate the height of text in pixels
+    pub fn text_height(&self, atlas: &TtfAtlas) -> u32 {
+        // Find the maximum height among all characters
+        atlas
+            .char_tiles
+            .values()
+            .map(|tile| tile.size.y)
+            .max()
+            .unwrap_or(0)
+            .saturating_mul(self.scale as u32)
+    }
+}

tests/animated.rs

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::error::{AnimatedTextureError, GameError, TextureError};
-use pacman::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
-use sdl2::pixels::Color;
-use smallvec::smallvec;
-
-fn mock_atlas_tile(id: u32) -> AtlasTile {
-    AtlasTile {
-        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
-        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
-        color: Some(Color::RGB(id as u8, 0, 0)),
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_creation_errors() {
-    let tiles = smallvec![mock_atlas_tile(1), mock_atlas_tile(2)];
-
-    assert!(matches!(
-        AnimatedTexture::new(tiles.clone(), 0.0).unwrap_err(),
-        GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(0.0)))
-    ));
-
-    assert!(matches!(
-        AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, -0.1).unwrap_err(),
-        GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(-0.1)))
-    ));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_advancement() {
-    let tiles = smallvec![mock_atlas_tile(1), mock_atlas_tile(2), mock_atlas_tile(3)];
-    let mut texture = AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, 0.1).unwrap();
-
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 0);
-
-    texture.tick(0.25);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 2);
-    assert!((texture.time_bank() - 0.05).abs() < 0.001);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_wrap_around() {
-    let tiles = smallvec![mock_atlas_tile(1), mock_atlas_tile(2)];
-    let mut texture = AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, 0.1).unwrap();
-
-    texture.tick(0.1);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 1);
-
-    texture.tick(0.1);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 0);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_single_frame() {
-    let tiles = smallvec![mock_atlas_tile(1)];
-    let mut texture = AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, 0.1).unwrap();
-
-    texture.tick(0.1);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_frame(), 0);
-    assert_eq!(texture.current_tile().color.unwrap().r, 1);
-}

tests/asset.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use pacman::asset::Asset;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
+
+#[test]
+fn all_asset_paths_exist() {
+    for asset in Asset::iter() {
+        let path = asset.path();
+        let full_path = format!("assets/game/{}", path);
+
+        let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&full_path)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Error getting metadata for {}: {}", full_path, e))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_that(&metadata.is_file()).is_true();
+        assert_that(&metadata.len()).is_greater_than(1024);
+    }
+}

tests/blinking.rs

@@ -1,49 +1,316 @@
-use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::texture::blinking::BlinkingTexture;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
-use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use pacman::systems::{
+    blinking::{blinking_system, Blinking},
+    components::{DeltaTime, Renderable},
+    Frozen, Hidden,
+};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
-fn mock_atlas_tile(id: u32) -> AtlasTile {
-    AtlasTile {
-        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
-        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
-        color: Some(Color::RGB(id as u8, 0, 0)),
-    }
+mod common;
+
+/// Creates a test world with blinking system resources
+fn create_blinking_test_world() -> World {
+    let mut world = World::new();
+    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime::from_ticks(1));
+    world
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking and renderable components
+fn spawn_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking, renderable, and hidden components
+fn spawn_hidden_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+            Hidden,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking, renderable, and frozen components
+fn spawn_frozen_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+            Frozen,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test entity with blinking, renderable, hidden, and frozen components
+fn spawn_frozen_hidden_blinking_entity(world: &mut World, interval_ticks: u32) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Blinking::new(interval_ticks),
+            Renderable {
+                sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+                layer: 0,
+            },
+            Hidden,
+            Frozen,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Runs the blinking system with the given delta time
+fn run_blinking_system(world: &mut World, delta_ticks: u32) {
+    world.resource_mut::<DeltaTime>().ticks = delta_ticks;
+    world.run_system_once(blinking_system).unwrap();
+}
+
+/// Checks if an entity has the Hidden component
+fn has_hidden_component(world: &World, entity: Entity) -> bool {
+    world.entity(entity).contains::<Hidden>()
+}
+
+/// Checks if an entity has the Frozen component
+fn has_frozen_component(world: &World, entity: Entity) -> bool {
+    world.entity(entity).contains::<Frozen>()
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_blinking_texture() {
-    let tile = mock_atlas_tile(1);
-    let mut texture = BlinkingTexture::new(tile, 0.5);
+fn test_blinking_component_creation() {
+    let blinking = Blinking::new(10);
 
-    assert!(texture.is_on());
-
-    texture.tick(0.5);
-    assert!(!texture.is_on());
-
-    texture.tick(0.5);
-    assert!(texture.is_on());
-
-    texture.tick(0.5);
-    assert!(!texture.is_on());
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(0);
+    assert_that(&blinking.interval_ticks).is_equal_to(10);
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_blinking_texture_partial_duration() {
-    let tile = mock_atlas_tile(1);
-    let mut texture = BlinkingTexture::new(tile, 0.5);
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_no_toggle() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
 
-    texture.tick(0.625);
-    assert!(!texture.is_on());
-    assert_eq!(texture.time_bank(), 0.125);
+    // Run system with 3 ticks (less than interval)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 3);
+
+    // Entity should not be hidden yet
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(3);
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_blinking_texture_negative_time() {
-    let tile = mock_atlas_tile(1);
-    let mut texture = BlinkingTexture::new(tile, 0.5);
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_first_toggle() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
 
-    texture.tick(-0.1);
-    assert!(texture.is_on());
-    assert_eq!(texture.time_bank(), -0.1);
+    // Run system with 5 ticks (exactly one interval)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Entity should now be hidden
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Check that timer was reset
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_second_toggle() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // First toggle: 5 ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Second toggle: another 5 ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_multiple_intervals() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 3);
+
+    // Run system with 7 ticks (2 complete intervals + 1 remainder)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 7);
+
+    // Should toggle twice (even number), so back to original state (not hidden)
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated to remainder
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_normal_interval_odd_intervals() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 2);
+
+    // Run system with 5 ticks (2 complete intervals + 1 remainder)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Should toggle twice (even number), so back to original state (not hidden)
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated to remainder
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_zero_interval_with_ticks() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Run system with any positive ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be hidden immediately
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_zero_interval_no_ticks() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Run system with 0 ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Entity should not be hidden (no time passed)
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_zero_interval_toggle_back() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_hidden_blinking_entity(&mut world, 0);
+
+    // Run system with any positive ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be unhidden
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_frozen_entity_unhidden() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_frozen_hidden_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Run system with ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Frozen entity should be unhidden and stay unhidden
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+    assert_that(&has_frozen_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_frozen_entity_no_blinking() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_frozen_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Run system with ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Frozen entity should not be hidden (blinking disabled)
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+    assert_that(&has_frozen_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_frozen_entity_timer_not_updated() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_frozen_blinking_entity(&mut world, 5);
+
+    // Run system with ticks
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Timer should not be updated for frozen entities
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_entity_without_renderable_ignored() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+
+    // Spawn entity with only Blinking component (no Renderable)
+    let entity = world.spawn(Blinking::new(5)).id();
+
+    // Run system
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Entity should not be affected (not in query)
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_entity_without_blinking_ignored() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+
+    // Spawn entity with only Renderable component (no Blinking)
+    let entity = world
+        .spawn(Renderable {
+            sprite: common::mock_atlas_tile(1),
+            layer: 0,
+        })
+        .id();
+
+    // Run system
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 10);
+
+    // Entity should not be affected (not in query)
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_large_interval() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 1000);
+
+    // Run system with 500 ticks (less than interval)
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 500);
+
+    // Entity should not be hidden yet
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
+
+    // Check that timer was updated
+    let blinking = world.entity(entity).get::<Blinking>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&blinking.tick_timer).is_equal_to(500);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_blinking_system_very_small_interval() {
+    let mut world = create_blinking_test_world();
+    let entity = spawn_blinking_entity(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Run system with 1 tick
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be hidden
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_true();
+
+    // Run system with another 1 tick
+    run_blinking_system(&mut world, 1);
+
+    // Entity should be unhidden
+    assert_that(&has_hidden_component(&world, entity)).is_false();
 }

tests/collision.rs

@@ -1,72 +1,8 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::system::RunSystemOnce;
+use pacman::systems::{check_collision, collision_system, Collider, EntityType, GhostState, Position};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
-use pacman::{
-    error::GameError,
-    events::GameEvent,
-    map::builder::Map,
-    systems::{
-        check_collision, collision_system, Collider, EntityType, Ghost, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, Position,
-    },
-};
-
-fn create_test_world() -> World {
-    let mut world = World::new();
-
-    // Add required resources
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameEvent>::default());
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameError>::default());
-
-    // Add a minimal test map
-    world.insert_resource(create_test_map());
-
-    world
-}
-
-fn create_test_map() -> Map {
-    use pacman::constants::RAW_BOARD;
-    Map::new(RAW_BOARD).expect("Failed to create test map")
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_pacman(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((Position::Stopped { node: 0 }, Collider { size: 10.0 }, PacmanCollider))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_item(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((
-            Position::Stopped { node: 0 },
-            Collider { size: 8.0 },
-            ItemCollider,
-            EntityType::Pellet,
-        ))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_ghost(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((
-            Position::Stopped { node: 0 },
-            Collider { size: 12.0 },
-            GhostCollider,
-            Ghost::Blinky,
-            EntityType::Ghost,
-        ))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_ghost_at_node(world: &mut World, node: usize) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((
-            Position::Stopped { node },
-            Collider { size: 12.0 },
-            GhostCollider,
-            Ghost::Blinky,
-            EntityType::Ghost,
-        ))
-        .id()
-}
+mod common;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_collider_collision_detection() {
@@ -74,13 +10,13 @@ fn test_collider_collision_detection() {
     let collider2 = Collider { size: 8.0 };
 
     // Test collision detection
-    assert!(collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 5.0)); // Should collide (distance < 9.0)
-    assert!(!collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 15.0)); // Should not collide (distance > 9.0)
+    assert_that(&collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 5.0)).is_true(); // Should collide (distance < 9.0)
+    assert_that(&collider1.collides_with(collider2.size, 15.0)).is_false(); // Should not collide (distance > 9.0)
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_check_collision_helper() {
-    let map = create_test_map();
+    let map = common::create_test_map();
     let pos1 = Position::Stopped { node: 0 };
     let pos2 = Position::Stopped { node: 0 }; // Same position
     let collider1 = Collider { size: 10.0 };
@@ -88,21 +24,21 @@ fn test_check_collision_helper() {
 
     // Test collision at same position
     let result = check_collision(&pos1, &collider1, &pos2, &collider2, &map);
-    assert!(result.is_ok());
-    assert!(result.unwrap()); // Should collide at same position
+    assert_that(&result.is_ok()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&result.unwrap()).is_true(); // Should collide at same position
 
     // Test collision at different positions
     let pos3 = Position::Stopped { node: 1 }; // Different position
     let result = check_collision(&pos1, &collider1, &pos3, &collider2, &map);
-    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    assert_that(&result.is_ok()).is_true();
     // May or may not collide depending on actual node positions
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_pacman_item() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _item = spawn_test_item(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _item = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 0, EntityType::Pellet);
 
     // Run collision system - should not panic
     world
@@ -112,9 +48,9 @@ fn test_collision_system_pacman_item() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_pacman_ghost() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _ghost = spawn_test_ghost(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 0, GhostState::Normal);
 
     // Run collision system - should not panic
     world
@@ -124,9 +60,9 @@ fn test_collision_system_pacman_ghost() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_no_collision() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _ghost = spawn_test_ghost_at_node(&mut world, 1); // Different node
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 1, GhostState::Normal); // Different node
 
     // Run collision system - should not panic
     world
@@ -136,10 +72,10 @@ fn test_collision_system_no_collision() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_collision_system_multiple_entities() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _item = spawn_test_item(&mut world);
-    let _ghost = spawn_test_ghost(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _item = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 0, EntityType::Pellet);
+    let _ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 0, GhostState::Normal);
 
     // Run collision system - should not panic
     world

tests/common/mod.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,27 @@
 #![allow(dead_code)]
 
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, world::World};
+use glam::{U16Vec2, Vec2};
 use pacman::{
     asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
+    constants::RAW_BOARD,
+    events::GameEvent,
     game::ATLAS_FRAMES,
-    texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, SpriteAtlas},
+    map::{
+        builder::Map,
+        direction::Direction,
+        graph::{Graph, Node},
+    },
+    systems::{
+        AudioEvent, AudioState, BufferedDirection, Collider, DebugState, DeltaTime, EntityType, Ghost, GhostCollider, GhostState,
+        GlobalState, ItemCollider, MovementModifiers, PacmanCollider, PlayerControlled, Position, ScoreResource, Velocity,
+    },
+    texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas},
 };
 use sdl2::{
     image::LoadTexture,
-    render::{Canvas, Texture, TextureCreator},
+    pixels::Color,
+    render::{Canvas, TextureCreator},
     video::{Window, WindowContext},
     Sdl,
 };
@@ -31,7 +45,6 @@ pub fn create_atlas(canvas: &mut sdl2::render::Canvas<sdl2::video::Window>) -> S
     let atlas_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::AtlasImage).unwrap();
 
     let texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).unwrap();
-    let texture: Texture<'static> = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(texture) };
 
     let atlas_mapper = AtlasMapper {
         frames: ATLAS_FRAMES.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), *v)).collect(),
@@ -39,3 +52,125 @@ pub fn create_atlas(canvas: &mut sdl2::render::Canvas<sdl2::video::Window>) -> S
 
     SpriteAtlas::new(texture, atlas_mapper)
 }
+
+/// Creates a simple test graph with 3 connected nodes for testing
+pub fn create_test_graph() -> Graph {
+    let mut graph = Graph::new();
+
+    let node0 = graph.add_node(Node {
+        position: Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
+    });
+    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
+        position: Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
+    });
+    let node2 = graph.add_node(Node {
+        position: Vec2::new(0.0, 16.0),
+    });
+
+    graph.connect(node0, node1, false, None, Direction::Right).unwrap();
+    graph.connect(node0, node2, false, None, Direction::Down).unwrap();
+
+    graph
+}
+
+/// Creates a basic test world with required resources for ECS systems
+pub fn create_test_world() -> World {
+    let mut world = World::new();
+
+    // Add required resources
+    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameEvent>::default());
+    world.insert_resource(Events::<pacman::error::GameError>::default());
+    world.insert_resource(Events::<AudioEvent>::default());
+    world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(0));
+    world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
+    world.insert_resource(GlobalState { exit: false });
+    world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
+    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime {
+        seconds: 1.0 / 60.0,
+        ticks: 1,
+    }); // 60 FPS
+    world.insert_resource(create_test_map());
+
+    world
+}
+
+/// Creates a test map using the default RAW_BOARD
+pub fn create_test_map() -> Map {
+    Map::new(RAW_BOARD).expect("Failed to create test map")
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test Pac-Man entity at the specified node
+pub fn spawn_test_pacman(world: &mut World, node: usize) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Collider { size: 10.0 },
+            PacmanCollider,
+            EntityType::Player,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a controllable test player entity
+pub fn spawn_test_player(world: &mut World, node: usize) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            PlayerControlled,
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Velocity {
+                speed: 1.0,
+                direction: Direction::Right,
+            },
+            BufferedDirection::None,
+            EntityType::Player,
+            MovementModifiers::default(),
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test item entity at the specified node
+pub fn spawn_test_item(world: &mut World, node: usize, item_type: EntityType) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Collider { size: 8.0 },
+            ItemCollider,
+            item_type,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Spawns a test ghost entity at the specified node
+pub fn spawn_test_ghost(world: &mut World, node: usize, ghost_state: GhostState) -> Entity {
+    world
+        .spawn((
+            Position::Stopped { node: node as u16 },
+            Collider { size: 12.0 },
+            GhostCollider,
+            Ghost::Blinky,
+            EntityType::Ghost,
+            ghost_state,
+        ))
+        .id()
+}
+
+/// Sends a game event to the world
+pub fn send_game_event(world: &mut World, event: GameEvent) {
+    let mut events = world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>();
+    events.send(event);
+}
+
+/// Sends a collision event between two entities
+pub fn send_collision_event(world: &mut World, entity1: Entity, entity2: Entity) {
+    let mut events = world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>();
+    events.send(GameEvent::Collision(entity1, entity2));
+}
+
+/// Creates a mock atlas tile for testing
+pub fn mock_atlas_tile(id: u32) -> AtlasTile {
+    AtlasTile {
+        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
+        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
+        color: Some(Color::RGB(id as u8, 0, 0)),
+    }
+}

tests/constants.rs

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-use pacman::constants::*;
-
-#[test]
-fn test_raw_board_structure() {
-    // Test board dimensions match expected size
-    assert_eq!(RAW_BOARD.len(), BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize);
-    for row in RAW_BOARD.iter() {
-        assert_eq!(row.len(), BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize);
-    }
-
-    // Test boundaries are properly walled
-    assert!(RAW_BOARD[0].chars().all(|c| c == '#'));
-    assert!(RAW_BOARD[RAW_BOARD.len() - 1].chars().all(|c| c == '#'));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_raw_board_contains_required_elements() {
-    // Test that essential game elements are present
-    assert!(
-        RAW_BOARD.iter().any(|row| row.contains('X')),
-        "Board should contain Pac-Man start position"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        RAW_BOARD.iter().any(|row| row.contains("==")),
-        "Board should contain ghost house door"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        RAW_BOARD.iter().any(|row| row.chars().any(|c| c == 'T')),
-        "Board should contain tunnel entrances"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        RAW_BOARD.iter().any(|row| row.chars().any(|c| c == 'o')),
-        "Board should contain power pellets"
-    );
-}

tests/direction.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use glam::IVec2;
 use pacman::map::direction::*;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_direction_opposite() {
@@ -11,21 +11,47 @@ fn test_direction_opposite() {
     ];
 
     for (dir, expected) in test_cases {
-        assert_eq!(dir.opposite(), expected);
+        assert_that(&dir.opposite()).is_equal_to(expected);
     }
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_direction_as_ivec2() {
-    let test_cases = [
-        (Direction::Up, -IVec2::Y),
-        (Direction::Down, IVec2::Y),
-        (Direction::Left, -IVec2::X),
-        (Direction::Right, IVec2::X),
-    ];
-
-    for (dir, expected) in test_cases {
-        assert_eq!(dir.as_ivec2(), expected);
-        assert_eq!(IVec2::from(dir), expected);
+fn test_direction_opposite_symmetry() {
+    // Test that opposite() is symmetric: opposite(opposite(d)) == d
+    for &dir in &Direction::DIRECTIONS {
+        assert_that(&dir.opposite().opposite()).is_equal_to(dir);
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_direction_opposite_exhaustive() {
+    // Test that every direction has a unique opposite
+    let mut opposites = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    for &dir in &Direction::DIRECTIONS {
+        let opposite = dir.opposite();
+        assert_that(&opposites.insert(opposite)).is_true();
+    }
+    assert_that(&opposites).has_length(4);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_direction_as_usize_exhaustive() {
+    // Test that as_usize() returns unique values for all directions
+    let mut usizes = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    for &dir in &Direction::DIRECTIONS {
+        let usize_val = dir.as_usize();
+        assert_that(&usizes.insert(usize_val)).is_true();
+    }
+    assert_that(&usizes).has_length(4);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_direction_as_ivec2_exhaustive() {
+    // Test that as_ivec2() returns unique values for all directions
+    let mut ivec2s = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    for &dir in &Direction::DIRECTIONS {
+        let ivec2_val = dir.as_ivec2();
+        assert_that(&ivec2s.insert(ivec2_val)).is_true();
+    }
+    assert_that(&ivec2s).has_length(4);
+}

tests/error.rs

@@ -1,97 +1,15 @@
-use pacman::error::{
-    AnimatedTextureError, AssetError, EntityError, GameError, GameResult, IntoGameError, MapError, OptionExt, ParseError,
-    ResultExt, TextureError,
-};
+use pacman::error::{GameError, GameResult, IntoGameError, OptionExt, ResultExt};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 use std::io;
 
-#[test]
-fn test_game_error_from_asset_error() {
-    let asset_error = AssetError::NotFound("test.png".to_string());
-    let game_error: GameError = asset_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(game_error, GameError::Asset(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_game_error_from_parse_error() {
-    let parse_error = ParseError::UnknownCharacter('Z');
-    let game_error: GameError = parse_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(game_error, GameError::MapParse(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_game_error_from_map_error() {
-    let map_error = MapError::NodeNotFound(42);
-    let game_error: GameError = map_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(game_error, GameError::Map(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_game_error_from_texture_error() {
-    let texture_error = TextureError::LoadFailed("Failed to load".to_string());
-    let game_error: GameError = texture_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(game_error, GameError::Texture(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_game_error_from_entity_error() {
-    let entity_error = EntityError::NodeNotFound(10);
-    let game_error: GameError = entity_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(game_error, GameError::Entity(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_game_error_from_io_error() {
-    let io_error = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "File not found");
-    let game_error: GameError = io_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(game_error, GameError::Io(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_texture_error_from_animated_error() {
-    let animated_error = AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(-1.0);
-    let texture_error: TextureError = animated_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(texture_error, TextureError::Animated(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_asset_error_from_io_error() {
-    let io_error = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, "Permission denied");
-    let asset_error: AssetError = io_error.into();
-    assert!(matches!(asset_error, AssetError::Io(_)));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_parse_error_display() {
-    let error = ParseError::UnknownCharacter('!');
-    assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "Unknown character in board: !");
-
-    let error = ParseError::InvalidHouseDoorCount(3);
-    assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "House door must have exactly 2 positions, found 3");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_entity_error_display() {
-    let error = EntityError::NodeNotFound(42);
-    assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "Node not found in graph: 42");
-
-    let error = EntityError::EdgeNotFound { from: 1, to: 2 };
-    assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "Edge not found: from 1 to 2");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_animated_texture_error_display() {
-    let error = AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(0.0);
-    assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "Frame duration must be positive, got 0");
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_into_game_error_trait() {
     let result: Result<i32, io::Error> = Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "test error"));
     let game_result: GameResult<i32> = result.into_game_error();
 
-    assert!(game_result.is_err());
+    assert_that(&game_result.is_err()).is_true();
     if let Err(GameError::InvalidState(msg)) = game_result {
-        assert!(msg.contains("test error"));
+        assert_that(&msg.contains("test error")).is_true();
     } else {
         panic!("Expected InvalidState error");
     }
@@ -102,7 +20,7 @@ fn test_into_game_error_trait_success() {
     let result: Result<i32, io::Error> = Ok(42);
     let game_result: GameResult<i32> = result.into_game_error();
 
-    assert_eq!(game_result.unwrap(), 42);
+    assert_that(&game_result.unwrap()).is_equal_to(42);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -110,7 +28,7 @@ fn test_option_ext_some() {
     let option: Option<i32> = Some(42);
     let result: GameResult<i32> = option.ok_or_game_error(|| GameError::InvalidState("Not found".to_string()));
 
-    assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 42);
+    assert_that(&result.unwrap()).is_equal_to(42);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -118,9 +36,9 @@ fn test_option_ext_none() {
     let option: Option<i32> = None;
     let result: GameResult<i32> = option.ok_or_game_error(|| GameError::InvalidState("Not found".to_string()));
 
-    assert!(result.is_err());
+    assert_that(&result.is_err()).is_true();
     if let Err(GameError::InvalidState(msg)) = result {
-        assert_eq!(msg, "Not found");
+        assert_that(&msg).is_equal_to("Not found".to_string());
     } else {
         panic!("Expected InvalidState error");
     }
@@ -131,7 +49,7 @@ fn test_result_ext_success() {
     let result: Result<i32, io::Error> = Ok(42);
     let game_result: GameResult<i32> = result.with_context(|_| GameError::InvalidState("Context".to_string()));
 
-    assert_eq!(game_result.unwrap(), 42);
+    assert_that(&game_result.unwrap()).is_equal_to(42);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -139,20 +57,10 @@ fn test_result_ext_error() {
     let result: Result<i32, io::Error> = Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "original error"));
     let game_result: GameResult<i32> = result.with_context(|_| GameError::InvalidState("Context error".to_string()));
 
-    assert!(game_result.is_err());
+    assert_that(&game_result.is_err()).is_true();
     if let Err(GameError::InvalidState(msg)) = game_result {
-        assert_eq!(msg, "Context error");
+        assert_that(&msg).is_equal_to("Context error".to_string());
     } else {
         panic!("Expected InvalidState error");
     }
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn test_error_chain_conversions() {
-    // Test that we can convert through multiple levels
-    let animated_error = AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(-5.0);
-    let texture_error: TextureError = animated_error.into();
-    let game_error: GameError = texture_error.into();
-
-    assert!(matches!(game_error, GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(_))));
-}

tests/events.rs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-use pacman::events::{GameCommand, GameEvent};
-use pacman::map::direction::Direction;
-
-#[test]
-fn test_game_command_to_game_event_conversion_all_variants() {
-    let commands = vec![
-        GameCommand::Exit,
-        GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up),
-        GameCommand::ToggleDebug,
-        GameCommand::MuteAudio,
-        GameCommand::ResetLevel,
-        GameCommand::TogglePause,
-    ];
-
-    for command in commands {
-        let event: GameEvent = command.into();
-        assert_eq!(event, GameEvent::Command(command));
-    }
-}

tests/formatting.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use pacman::systems::profiling::format_timing_display;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
-
 fn get_timing_data() -> Vec<(String, Duration, Duration)> {
     vec![
         ("total".to_string(), Duration::from_micros(1234), Duration::from_micros(570)),
@@ -53,45 +52,25 @@ fn test_complex_formatting_alignment() {
     });
 
     // Assert that all positions were found
-    assert_eq!(
-        [
+    assert_that(
+        &[
             &colon_positions,
             &first_decimal_positions,
             &second_decimal_positions,
             &first_unit_positions,
-            &second_unit_positions
+            &second_unit_positions,
         ]
         .iter()
         .all(|p| p.len() == 6),
-        true
-    );
+    )
+    .is_true();
 
     // Assert that all positions are the same
-    assert!(
-        colon_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == colon_positions[0]),
-        "colon positions are not the same {:?}",
-        colon_positions
-    );
-    assert!(
-        first_decimal_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == first_decimal_positions[0]),
-        "first decimal positions are not the same {:?}",
-        first_decimal_positions
-    );
-    assert!(
-        second_decimal_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == second_decimal_positions[0]),
-        "second decimal positions are not the same {:?}",
-        second_decimal_positions
-    );
-    assert!(
-        first_unit_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == first_unit_positions[0]),
-        "first unit positions are not the same {:?}",
-        first_unit_positions
-    );
-    assert!(
-        second_unit_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == second_unit_positions[0]),
-        "second unit positions are not the same {:?}",
-        second_unit_positions
-    );
+    assert_that(&colon_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == colon_positions[0])).is_true();
+    assert_that(&first_decimal_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == first_decimal_positions[0])).is_true();
+    assert_that(&second_decimal_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == second_decimal_positions[0])).is_true();
+    assert_that(&first_unit_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == first_unit_positions[0])).is_true();
+    assert_that(&second_unit_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == second_unit_positions[0])).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -105,17 +84,17 @@ fn test_format_timing_display_basic() {
     let formatted = format_timing_display(timing_data);
 
     // Should have 3 lines (one for each system)
-    assert_eq!(formatted.len(), 3);
+    assert_that(&formatted.len()).is_equal_to(3);
 
     // Each line should contain the system name
-    assert!(formatted.iter().any(|line| line.contains("render")));
-    assert!(formatted.iter().any(|line| line.contains("input")));
-    assert!(formatted.iter().any(|line| line.contains("physics")));
+    assert_that(&formatted.iter().any(|line| line.contains("render"))).is_true();
+    assert_that(&formatted.iter().any(|line| line.contains("input"))).is_true();
+    assert_that(&formatted.iter().any(|line| line.contains("physics"))).is_true();
 
     // Each line should contain timing information with proper units
     for line in formatted.iter() {
-        assert!(line.contains(":"), "Line should contain colon separator: {}", line);
-        assert!(line.contains("±"), "Line should contain ± symbol: {}", line);
+        assert_that(&line.contains(":")).is_true();
+        assert_that(&line.contains("±")).is_true();
     }
 }
 
@@ -132,10 +111,10 @@ fn test_format_timing_display_units() {
 
     // Check that appropriate units are used
     let all_lines = formatted.join(" ");
-    assert!(all_lines.contains("s"), "Should contain seconds unit");
-    assert!(all_lines.contains("ms"), "Should contain milliseconds unit");
-    assert!(all_lines.contains("µs"), "Should contain microseconds unit");
-    assert!(all_lines.contains("ns"), "Should contain nanoseconds unit");
+    assert_that(&all_lines.contains("s")).is_true();
+    assert_that(&all_lines.contains("ms")).is_true();
+    assert_that(&all_lines.contains("µs")).is_true();
+    assert_that(&all_lines.contains("ns")).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -157,9 +136,6 @@ fn test_format_timing_display_alignment() {
     // All colons should be at the same position (aligned)
     if colon_positions.len() > 1 {
         let first_pos = colon_positions[0];
-        assert!(
-            colon_positions.iter().all(|&pos| pos == first_pos),
-            "Colons should be aligned at the same position"
-        );
+        assert_that(&colon_positions.iter().all(|&pos| pos == first_pos)).is_true();
     }
 }

tests/game.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use pacman::error::{GameError, GameResult};
+use pacman::game::Game;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
+
+mod common;
+
+use common::setup_sdl;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_game_30_seconds_60fps() -> GameResult<()> {
+    let (canvas, texture_creator, _sdl_context) = setup_sdl().map_err(GameError::Sdl)?;
+    let ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(GameError::Sdl)?;
+    let event_pump = _sdl_context
+        .event_pump()
+        .map_err(|e| pacman::error::GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let mut game = Game::new(canvas, ttf_context, texture_creator, event_pump)?;
+
+    // Run for 30 seconds at 60 FPS = 1800 frames
+    let frame_time = 1.0 / 60.0;
+    let total_frames = 1800;
+    let mut frame_count = 0;
+
+    for _ in 0..total_frames {
+        let should_exit = game.tick(frame_time);
+
+        if should_exit {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        frame_count += 1;
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        frame_count, total_frames,
+        "Should have processed exactly {} frames",
+        total_frames
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Test that runs the game for 30 seconds with variable frame timing
+#[test]
+fn test_game_30_seconds_variable_timing() -> GameResult<()> {
+    let (canvas, texture_creator, _sdl_context) = setup_sdl().map_err(GameError::Sdl)?;
+    let ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+    let event_pump = _sdl_context
+        .event_pump()
+        .map_err(|e| pacman::error::GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let mut game = Game::new(canvas, ttf_context, texture_creator, event_pump)?;
+
+    // Simulate 30 seconds with variable frame timing
+    let mut total_time = 0.0;
+    let target_time = 30.0;
+    let mut frame_count = 0;
+
+    while total_time < target_time {
+        // Alternate between different frame rates to simulate real gameplay
+        let frame_time = match frame_count % 4 {
+            0 => 1.0 / 60.0,  // 60 FPS
+            1 => 1.0 / 30.0,  // 30 FPS (lag spike)
+            2 => 1.0 / 120.0, // 120 FPS (very fast)
+            _ => 1.0 / 60.0,  // 60 FPS
+        };
+
+        let should_exit = game.tick(frame_time);
+
+        if should_exit {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        total_time += frame_time;
+        frame_count += 1;
+    }
+
+    assert_that(&total_time).is_greater_than_or_equal_to(target_time);
+    Ok(())
+}

tests/graph.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,8 @@
 use pacman::map::direction::Direction;
 use pacman::map::graph::{Graph, Node, TraversalFlags};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
-fn create_test_graph() -> Graph {
-    let mut graph = Graph::new();
-    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node2 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node3 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 16.0),
-    });
-
-    graph.connect(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-    graph.connect(node1, node3, false, None, Direction::Down).unwrap();
-
-    graph
-}
+mod common;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_graph_basic_operations() {
@@ -29,10 +14,10 @@ fn test_graph_basic_operations() {
         position: glam::Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
     });
 
-    assert_eq!(graph.nodes().count(), 2);
-    assert!(graph.get_node(node1).is_some());
-    assert!(graph.get_node(node2).is_some());
-    assert!(graph.get_node(999).is_none());
+    assert_that(&graph.nodes().count()).is_equal_to(2);
+    assert_that(&graph.get_node(node1).is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&graph.get_node(node2).is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&graph.get_node(999).is_none()).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -45,15 +30,15 @@ fn test_graph_connect() {
         position: glam::Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
     });
 
-    assert!(graph.connect(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right).is_ok());
+    assert_that(&graph.connect(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right).is_ok()).is_true();
 
     let edge1 = graph.find_edge_in_direction(node1, Direction::Right);
     let edge2 = graph.find_edge_in_direction(node2, Direction::Left);
 
-    assert!(edge1.is_some());
-    assert!(edge2.is_some());
-    assert_eq!(edge1.unwrap().target, node2);
-    assert_eq!(edge2.unwrap().target, node1);
+    assert_that(&edge1.is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&edge2.is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&edge1.unwrap().target).is_equal_to(node2);
+    assert_that(&edge2.unwrap().target).is_equal_to(node1);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -63,8 +48,8 @@ fn test_graph_connect_errors() {
         position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
     });
 
-    assert!(graph.connect(node1, 999, false, None, Direction::Right).is_err());
-    assert!(graph.connect(999, node1, false, None, Direction::Right).is_err());
+    assert_that(&graph.connect(node1, 999, false, None, Direction::Right).is_err()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&graph.connect(999, node1, false, None, Direction::Right).is_err()).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -82,7 +67,7 @@ fn test_graph_edge_permissions() {
         .unwrap();
 
     let edge = graph.find_edge_in_direction(node1, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(edge.traversal_flags, TraversalFlags::GHOST);
+    assert_that(&edge.traversal_flags).is_equal_to(TraversalFlags::GHOST);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -102,10 +87,10 @@ fn should_add_connected_node() {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-    assert_eq!(graph.nodes().count(), 2);
+    assert_that(&graph.nodes().count()).is_equal_to(2);
     let edge = graph.find_edge(node1, node2);
-    assert!(edge.is_some());
-    assert_eq!(edge.unwrap().direction, Direction::Right);
+    assert_that(&edge.is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&edge.unwrap().direction).is_equal_to(Direction::Right);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -119,33 +104,33 @@ fn should_error_on_negative_edge_distance() {
     });
 
     let result = graph.add_edge(node1, node2, false, Some(-1.0), Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
-    assert!(result.is_err());
+    assert_that(&result.is_err()).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn should_error_on_duplicate_edge_without_replace() {
-    let mut graph = create_test_graph();
+    let mut graph = common::create_test_graph();
     let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, false, None, Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
-    assert!(result.is_err());
+    assert_that(&result.is_err()).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn should_allow_replacing_an_edge() {
-    let mut graph = create_test_graph();
+    let mut graph = common::create_test_graph();
     let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, true, Some(42.0), Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
-    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    assert_that(&result.is_ok()).is_true();
 
     let edge = graph.find_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(edge.distance, 42.0);
+    assert_that(&edge.distance).is_equal_to(42.0);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn should_find_edge_between_nodes() {
-    let graph = create_test_graph();
+    let graph = common::create_test_graph();
     let edge = graph.find_edge(0, 1);
-    assert!(edge.is_some());
-    assert_eq!(edge.unwrap().target, 1);
+    assert_that(&edge.is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&edge.unwrap().target).is_equal_to(1);
 
     let non_existent_edge = graph.find_edge(0, 99);
-    assert!(non_existent_edge.is_none());
+    assert_that(&non_existent_edge.is_none()).is_true();
 }

tests/hud.rs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{event::Events, world::World};
-
-use pacman::{error::GameError, systems::components::ScoreResource};
-
-fn create_test_world() -> World {
-    let mut world = World::new();
-
-    // Add required resources
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameError>::default());
-    world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(1230)); // Test score
-
-    world
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_hud_render_system_runs_without_error() {
-    let world = create_test_world();
-
-    // The HUD render system requires SDL2 resources that aren't available in tests,
-    // but we can at least verify it doesn't panic when called
-    // In a real test environment, we'd need to mock the SDL2 canvas and atlas
-
-    // For now, just verify the score resource is accessible
-    let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, 1230);
-}

tests/input.rs

@@ -1,38 +1,321 @@
+use glam::Vec2;
 use pacman::events::{GameCommand, GameEvent};
 use pacman::map::direction::Direction;
-use pacman::systems::input::{process_simple_key_events, Bindings, SimpleKeyEvent};
+use pacman::systems::input::{
+    calculate_direction_from_delta, process_simple_key_events, update_touch_reference_position, Bindings, CursorPosition,
+    SimpleKeyEvent, TouchData, TouchState, TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD, TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD,
+};
 use sdl2::keyboard::Keycode;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
-#[test]
-fn resumes_previous_direction_when_secondary_key_released() {
-    let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+// Test modules for better organization
+mod keyboard_tests {
+    use super::*;
 
-    // Frame 1: Press W (Up) => emits Move Up
-    let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::W)]);
-    assert!(events.contains(&GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up))));
+    #[test]
+    fn key_down_emits_bound_command() {
+        let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+        let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::W)]);
+        assert_that(&events).contains(GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up)));
+    }
 
-    // Frame 2: Press D (Right) => emits Move Right
-    let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::D)]);
-    assert!(events.contains(&GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Right))));
+    #[test]
+    fn key_down_emits_non_movement_commands() {
+        let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+        let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::P)]);
+        assert_that(&events).contains(GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::TogglePause));
+    }
 
-    // Frame 3: Release D, no new key this frame => should continue previous key W (Up)
-    let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(Keycode::D)]);
-    assert!(events.contains(&GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up))));
+    #[test]
+    fn unbound_key_emits_nothing() {
+        let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+        let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::Z)]);
+        assert_that(&events).is_empty();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn movement_key_held_continues_across_frames() {
+        let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+        process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::Left)]);
+        let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[]);
+        assert_that(&events).contains(GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Left)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn releasing_movement_key_stops_continuation() {
+        let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+        process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::Up)]);
+        let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(Keycode::Up)]);
+        assert_that(&events).is_empty();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn multiple_movement_keys_resumes_previous_when_current_released() {
+        let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+        process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::W)]);
+        process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::D)]);
+        let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(Keycode::D)]);
+        assert_that(&events).contains(GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up)));
+    }
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn holds_last_pressed_key_across_frames_when_no_new_input() {
-    let mut bindings = Bindings::default();
+mod direction_calculation_tests {
+    use super::*;
 
-    // Frame 1: Press Left
-    let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyDown(Keycode::Left)]);
-    assert!(events.contains(&GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Left))));
+    #[test]
+    fn prioritizes_horizontal_movement() {
+        let test_cases = vec![
+            (Vec2::new(6.0, 5.0), Direction::Right),
+            (Vec2::new(-6.0, 5.0), Direction::Left),
+        ];
 
-    // Frame 2: No input => continues Left
-    let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[]);
-    assert!(events.contains(&GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Left))));
+        for (delta, expected) in test_cases {
+            assert_that(&calculate_direction_from_delta(delta)).is_equal_to(expected);
+        }
+    }
 
-    // Frame 3: Release Left, no input remains => nothing emitted
-    let events = process_simple_key_events(&mut bindings, &[SimpleKeyEvent::KeyUp(Keycode::Left)]);
-    assert!(events.is_empty());
+    #[test]
+    fn uses_vertical_when_dominant() {
+        let test_cases = vec![
+            (Vec2::new(3.0, 10.0), Direction::Down),
+            (Vec2::new(3.0, -10.0), Direction::Up),
+        ];
+
+        for (delta, expected) in test_cases {
+            assert_that(&calculate_direction_from_delta(delta)).is_equal_to(expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn handles_zero_delta() {
+        let delta = Vec2::ZERO;
+        // Should default to Up when both components are zero
+        assert_that(&calculate_direction_from_delta(delta)).is_equal_to(Direction::Up);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn handles_equal_magnitudes() {
+        // When x and y have equal absolute values, should prioritize vertical
+        let delta = Vec2::new(5.0, 5.0);
+        assert_that(&calculate_direction_from_delta(delta)).is_equal_to(Direction::Down);
+
+        let delta = Vec2::new(-5.0, 5.0);
+        assert_that(&calculate_direction_from_delta(delta)).is_equal_to(Direction::Down);
+    }
+}
+
+mod touch_easing_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn easing_within_threshold_does_nothing() {
+        let mut touch_data = TouchData::new(0, Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(100.0 + TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD - 0.1, 100.0);
+
+        let (_delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(&mut touch_data, 0.016);
+
+        assert_that(&distance).is_less_than(TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD);
+        assert_that(&touch_data.start_pos).is_equal_to(Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn easing_beyond_threshold_moves_towards_target() {
+        let mut touch_data = TouchData::new(0, Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(150.0, 100.0);
+
+        let original_start_pos = touch_data.start_pos;
+        let (_delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(&mut touch_data, 0.016);
+
+        assert_that(&distance).is_greater_than(TOUCH_EASING_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD);
+        assert_that(&touch_data.start_pos.x).is_greater_than(original_start_pos.x);
+        assert_that(&touch_data.start_pos.x).is_less_than(touch_data.current_pos.x);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn easing_overshoot_sets_to_target() {
+        let mut touch_data = TouchData::new(0, Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(101.0, 100.0);
+
+        let (_delta, _distance) = update_touch_reference_position(&mut touch_data, 10.0);
+
+        assert_that(&touch_data.start_pos).is_equal_to(touch_data.current_pos);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn easing_returns_correct_delta() {
+        let mut touch_data = TouchData::new(0, Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(120.0, 110.0);
+
+        let (delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(&mut touch_data, 0.016);
+
+        let expected_delta = Vec2::new(20.0, 10.0);
+        let expected_distance = expected_delta.length();
+
+        assert_that(&delta).is_equal_to(expected_delta);
+        assert_that(&distance).is_equal_to(expected_distance);
+    }
+}
+
+// Integration tests for the full input system
+mod integration_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn mouse_motion_event(x: i32, y: i32) -> sdl2::event::Event {
+        sdl2::event::Event::MouseMotion {
+            x,
+            y,
+            xrel: 0,
+            yrel: 0,
+            mousestate: sdl2::mouse::MouseState::from_sdl_state(0),
+            which: 0,
+            window_id: 0,
+            timestamp: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mouse_button_down_event(x: i32, y: i32) -> sdl2::event::Event {
+        sdl2::event::Event::MouseButtonDown {
+            x,
+            y,
+            mouse_btn: sdl2::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+            clicks: 1,
+            which: 0,
+            window_id: 0,
+            timestamp: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mouse_button_up_event(x: i32, y: i32) -> sdl2::event::Event {
+        sdl2::event::Event::MouseButtonUp {
+            x,
+            y,
+            mouse_btn: sdl2::mouse::MouseButton::Left,
+            clicks: 1,
+            which: 0,
+            window_id: 0,
+            timestamp: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Simplified helper for testing SDL integration
+    fn run_input_system_with_events(events: Vec<sdl2::event::Event>, delta_time: f32) -> (CursorPosition, TouchState) {
+        use bevy_ecs::{event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+        use pacman::systems::components::DeltaTime;
+        use pacman::systems::input::input_system;
+
+        let sdl_context = sdl2::init().expect("Failed to initialize SDL");
+        let event_subsystem = sdl_context.event().expect("Failed to get event subsystem");
+        let event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump().expect("Failed to create event pump");
+
+        let mut world = World::new();
+        world.insert_resource(Events::<GameEvent>::default());
+        world.insert_resource(DeltaTime {
+            seconds: delta_time,
+            ticks: 1,
+        });
+        world.insert_resource(Bindings::default());
+        world.insert_resource(CursorPosition::None);
+        world.insert_resource(TouchState::default());
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(event_pump);
+
+        // Inject events into SDL's event queue
+        for event in events {
+            event_subsystem.push_event(event).expect("Failed to push event");
+        }
+
+        // Run the real input system
+        world
+            .run_system_once(input_system)
+            .expect("Input system should run successfully");
+
+        let cursor = *world.resource::<CursorPosition>();
+        let touch_state = world.resource::<TouchState>().clone();
+
+        (cursor, touch_state)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mouse_motion_updates_cursor_position() {
+        let events = vec![mouse_motion_event(100, 200)];
+        let (cursor, _touch_state) = run_input_system_with_events(events, 0.016);
+
+        match cursor {
+            CursorPosition::Some {
+                position,
+                remaining_time,
+            } => {
+                assert_that(&position).is_equal_to(Vec2::new(100.0, 200.0));
+                assert_that(&remaining_time).is_equal_to(0.20);
+            }
+            CursorPosition::None => panic!("Expected cursor position to be set"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mouse_button_down_starts_touch() {
+        let events = vec![mouse_button_down_event(150, 250)];
+        let (_cursor, touch_state) = run_input_system_with_events(events, 0.016);
+
+        assert_that(&touch_state.active_touch).is_some();
+        if let Some(touch_data) = &touch_state.active_touch {
+            assert_that(&touch_data.finger_id).is_equal_to(0);
+            assert_that(&touch_data.start_pos).is_equal_to(Vec2::new(150.0, 250.0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mouse_button_up_ends_touch() {
+        let events = vec![mouse_button_down_event(150, 250), mouse_button_up_event(150, 250)];
+        let (_cursor, touch_state) = run_input_system_with_events(events, 0.016);
+
+        assert_that(&touch_state.active_touch).is_none();
+    }
+}
+
+// Touch direction tests
+mod touch_direction_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn movement_above_threshold_emits_direction() {
+        let mut touch_data = TouchData::new(1, Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(100.0 + TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD + 5.0, 100.0);
+
+        let (delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(&mut touch_data, 0.016);
+
+        assert_that(&distance).is_greater_than_or_equal_to(TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD);
+        let direction = calculate_direction_from_delta(delta);
+        assert_that(&direction).is_equal_to(Direction::Right);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn movement_below_threshold_no_direction() {
+        let mut touch_data = TouchData::new(1, Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+        touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(100.0 + TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD - 1.0, 100.0);
+
+        let (_delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(&mut touch_data, 0.016);
+
+        assert_that(&distance).is_less_than(TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn all_directions_work_correctly() {
+        let test_cases = vec![
+            (Vec2::new(TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD + 5.0, 0.0), Direction::Right),
+            (Vec2::new(-TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD - 5.0, 0.0), Direction::Left),
+            (Vec2::new(0.0, TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD + 5.0), Direction::Down),
+            (Vec2::new(0.0, -TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD - 5.0), Direction::Up),
+        ];
+
+        for (offset, expected_direction) in test_cases {
+            let mut touch_data = TouchData::new(1, Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0));
+            touch_data.current_pos = Vec2::new(100.0, 100.0) + offset;
+
+            let (delta, distance) = update_touch_reference_position(&mut touch_data, 0.016);
+
+            assert_that(&distance).is_greater_than_or_equal_to(TOUCH_DIRECTION_THRESHOLD);
+            let direction = calculate_direction_from_delta(delta);
+            assert_that(&direction).is_equal_to(expected_direction);
+        }
+    }
 }

tests/item.rs

@@ -1,100 +1,59 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, system::RunSystemOnce};
+use pacman::systems::{is_valid_item_collision, item_system, EntityType, GhostState, Position, ScoreResource};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
-use pacman::{
-    events::GameEvent,
-    map::builder::Map,
-    systems::{
-        is_valid_item_collision, item_system, AudioEvent, AudioState, EntityType, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, Position,
-        ScoreResource,
-    },
-};
+mod common;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_calculate_score_for_item() {
-    assert!(EntityType::Pellet.score_value() < EntityType::PowerPellet.score_value());
-    assert!(EntityType::Pellet.score_value().is_some());
-    assert!(EntityType::PowerPellet.score_value().is_some());
-    assert!(EntityType::Player.score_value().is_none());
-    assert!(EntityType::Ghost.score_value().is_none());
+    assert_that(&(EntityType::Pellet.score_value() < EntityType::PowerPellet.score_value())).is_true();
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Pellet.score_value().is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&EntityType::PowerPellet.score_value().is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Player.score_value().is_none()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Ghost.score_value().is_none()).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_is_collectible_item() {
     // Collectible
-    assert!(EntityType::Pellet.is_collectible());
-    assert!(EntityType::PowerPellet.is_collectible());
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Pellet.is_collectible()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&EntityType::PowerPellet.is_collectible()).is_true();
 
     // Non-collectible
-    assert!(!EntityType::Player.is_collectible());
-    assert!(!EntityType::Ghost.is_collectible());
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Player.is_collectible()).is_false();
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Ghost.is_collectible()).is_false();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_is_valid_item_collision() {
     // Player-item collisions should be valid
-    assert!(is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::Pellet));
-    assert!(is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::PowerPellet));
-    assert!(is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Pellet, EntityType::Player));
-    assert!(is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::PowerPellet, EntityType::Player));
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::Pellet)).is_true();
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::PowerPellet)).is_true();
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Pellet, EntityType::Player)).is_true();
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::PowerPellet, EntityType::Player)).is_true();
 
     // Non-player-item collisions should be invalid
-    assert!(!is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::Ghost));
-    assert!(!is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Ghost, EntityType::Pellet));
-    assert!(!is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Pellet, EntityType::PowerPellet));
-    assert!(!is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::Player));
-}
-
-fn create_test_world() -> World {
-    let mut world = World::new();
-
-    // Add required resources
-    world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(0));
-    world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameEvent>::default());
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<AudioEvent>::default());
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<pacman::error::GameError>::default());
-
-    // Add a minimal test map
-    world.insert_resource(create_test_map());
-
-    world
-}
-
-fn create_test_map() -> Map {
-    use pacman::constants::RAW_BOARD;
-    Map::new(RAW_BOARD).expect("Failed to create test map")
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_pacman(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((Position::Stopped { node: 0 }, EntityType::Player, PacmanCollider))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_item(world: &mut World, item_type: EntityType) -> Entity {
-    world.spawn((Position::Stopped { node: 1 }, item_type, ItemCollider)).id()
-}
-
-fn send_collision_event(world: &mut World, entity1: Entity, entity2: Entity) {
-    let mut events = world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>();
-    events.send(GameEvent::Collision(entity1, entity2));
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::Ghost)).is_false();
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Ghost, EntityType::Pellet)).is_false();
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Pellet, EntityType::PowerPellet)).is_false();
+    assert_that(&is_valid_item_collision(EntityType::Player, EntityType::Player)).is_false();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_item_system_pellet_collection() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let pellet = spawn_test_item(&mut world, EntityType::Pellet);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let pellet = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 1, EntityType::Pellet);
 
     // Send collision event
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet);
 
     // Run the item system
     world.run_system_once(item_system).expect("System should run successfully");
 
     // Check that score was updated
     let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, 10);
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(10);
 
     // Check that the pellet was despawned (query should return empty)
     let item_count = world
@@ -102,22 +61,22 @@ fn test_item_system_pellet_collection() {
         .iter(&world)
         .filter(|&entity_type| matches!(entity_type, EntityType::Pellet))
         .count();
-    assert_eq!(item_count, 0);
+    assert_that(&item_count).is_equal_to(0);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_item_system_power_pellet_collection() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let power_pellet = spawn_test_item(&mut world, EntityType::PowerPellet);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let power_pellet = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 1, EntityType::PowerPellet);
 
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, power_pellet);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, power_pellet);
 
     world.run_system_once(item_system).expect("System should run successfully");
 
     // Check that score was updated with power pellet value
     let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, 50);
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(50);
 
     // Check that the power pellet was despawned (query should return empty)
     let item_count = world
@@ -125,27 +84,27 @@ fn test_item_system_power_pellet_collection() {
         .iter(&world)
         .filter(|&entity_type| matches!(entity_type, EntityType::PowerPellet))
         .count();
-    assert_eq!(item_count, 0);
+    assert_that(&item_count).is_equal_to(0);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_item_system_multiple_collections() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let pellet1 = spawn_test_item(&mut world, EntityType::Pellet);
-    let pellet2 = spawn_test_item(&mut world, EntityType::Pellet);
-    let power_pellet = spawn_test_item(&mut world, EntityType::PowerPellet);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let pellet1 = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 1, EntityType::Pellet);
+    let pellet2 = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 2, EntityType::Pellet);
+    let power_pellet = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 3, EntityType::PowerPellet);
 
     // Send multiple collision events
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet1);
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet2);
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, power_pellet);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet1);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet2);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, power_pellet);
 
     world.run_system_once(item_system).expect("System should run successfully");
 
     // Check final score: 2 pellets (20) + 1 power pellet (50) = 70
     let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, 70);
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(70);
 
     // Check that all items were despawned
     let pellet_count = world
@@ -158,14 +117,14 @@ fn test_item_system_multiple_collections() {
         .iter(&world)
         .filter(|&entity_type| matches!(entity_type, EntityType::PowerPellet))
         .count();
-    assert_eq!(pellet_count, 0);
-    assert_eq!(power_pellet_count, 0);
+    assert_that(&pellet_count).is_equal_to(0);
+    assert_that(&power_pellet_count).is_equal_to(0);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_item_system_ignores_non_item_collisions() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Create a ghost entity (not an item)
     let ghost = world.spawn((Position::Stopped { node: 2 }, EntityType::Ghost)).id();
@@ -174,13 +133,13 @@ fn test_item_system_ignores_non_item_collisions() {
     let initial_score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>().0;
 
     // Send collision event between pacman and ghost
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, ghost);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, ghost);
 
     world.run_system_once(item_system).expect("System should run successfully");
 
     // Score should remain unchanged
     let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, initial_score);
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(initial_score);
 
     // Ghost should still exist (not despawned)
     let ghost_count = world
@@ -188,14 +147,14 @@ fn test_item_system_ignores_non_item_collisions() {
         .iter(&world)
         .filter(|&entity_type| matches!(entity_type, EntityType::Ghost))
         .count();
-    assert_eq!(ghost_count, 1);
+    assert_that(&ghost_count).is_equal_to(1);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_item_system_no_collision_events() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let _pellet = spawn_test_item(&mut world, EntityType::Pellet);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let _pellet = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 1, EntityType::Pellet);
 
     let initial_score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>().0;
 
@@ -204,24 +163,24 @@ fn test_item_system_no_collision_events() {
 
     // Nothing should change
     let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, initial_score);
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(initial_score);
     let pellet_count = world
         .query::<&EntityType>()
         .iter(&world)
         .filter(|&entity_type| matches!(entity_type, EntityType::Pellet))
         .count();
-    assert_eq!(pellet_count, 1);
+    assert_that(&pellet_count).is_equal_to(1);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_item_system_collision_with_missing_entity() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Create a fake entity ID that doesn't exist
     let fake_entity = Entity::from_raw(999);
 
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, fake_entity);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, fake_entity);
 
     // System should handle gracefully and not crash
     world
@@ -230,24 +189,61 @@ fn test_item_system_collision_with_missing_entity() {
 
     // Score should remain unchanged
     let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, 0);
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(0);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_item_system_preserves_existing_score() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
 
     // Set initial score
     world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(100));
 
-    let pacman = spawn_test_pacman(&mut world);
-    let pellet = spawn_test_item(&mut world, EntityType::Pellet);
+    let pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let pellet = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 1, EntityType::Pellet);
 
-    send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet);
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, pellet);
 
     world.run_system_once(item_system).expect("System should run successfully");
 
     // Score should be initial + pellet value
     let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
-    assert_eq!(score.0, 110);
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(110);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_power_pellet_does_not_affect_ghosts_in_eyes_state() {
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let pacman = common::spawn_test_pacman(&mut world, 0);
+    let power_pellet = common::spawn_test_item(&mut world, 1, EntityType::PowerPellet);
+
+    // Spawn a ghost in Eyes state (returning to ghost house)
+    let eyes_ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 2, GhostState::Eyes);
+
+    // Spawn a ghost in Normal state
+    let normal_ghost = common::spawn_test_ghost(&mut world, 3, GhostState::Normal);
+
+    common::send_collision_event(&mut world, pacman, power_pellet);
+
+    world.run_system_once(item_system).expect("System should run successfully");
+
+    // Check that the power pellet was collected and score updated
+    let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
+    assert_that(&score.0).is_equal_to(50);
+
+    // Check that the power pellet was despawned
+    let power_pellet_count = world
+        .query::<&EntityType>()
+        .iter(&world)
+        .filter(|&entity_type| matches!(entity_type, EntityType::PowerPellet))
+        .count();
+    assert_that(&power_pellet_count).is_equal_to(0);
+
+    // Check that the Eyes ghost state was not changed
+    let eyes_ghost_state = world.entity(eyes_ghost).get::<GhostState>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&matches!(*eyes_ghost_state, GhostState::Eyes)).is_true();
+
+    // Check that the Normal ghost state was changed to Frightened
+    let normal_ghost_state = world.entity(normal_ghost).get::<GhostState>().unwrap();
+    assert_that(&matches!(*normal_ghost_state, GhostState::Frightened { .. })).is_true();
 }

tests/map_builder.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 use glam::Vec2;
 use pacman::constants::{CELL_SIZE, RAW_BOARD};
 use pacman::map::builder::Map;
+use pacman::map::graph::TraversalFlags;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
 #[test]
-fn test_map_creation() {
+fn test_map_creation_success() {
     let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
 
-    assert!(map.graph.nodes().count() > 0);
-    assert!(!map.grid_to_node.is_empty());
+    assert_that(&map.graph.nodes().count()).is_greater_than(0);
+    assert_that(&map.grid_to_node.is_empty()).is_false();
 
     // Check that some connections were made
     let mut has_connections = false;
@@ -17,76 +19,71 @@ fn test_map_creation() {
             break;
         }
     }
-    assert!(has_connections);
+    assert_that(&has_connections).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_map_node_positions() {
+fn test_map_node_positions_accuracy() {
     let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
 
     for (grid_pos, &node_id) in &map.grid_to_node {
         let node = map.graph.get_node(node_id).unwrap();
-        let expected_pos = Vec2::new((grid_pos.x * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32, (grid_pos.y * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32)
-            + Vec2::splat(CELL_SIZE as f32 / 2.0);
+        let expected_pos = Vec2::new(
+            (grid_pos.x as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+            (grid_pos.y as i32 * CELL_SIZE as i32) as f32,
+        ) + Vec2::splat(CELL_SIZE as f32 / 2.0);
 
-        assert_eq!(node.position, expected_pos);
+        assert_that(&node.position).is_equal_to(expected_pos);
     }
 }
 
-// #[test]
-// fn test_generate_items() {
-//     use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
-//     use std::collections::HashMap;
+#[test]
+fn test_start_positions_are_valid() {
+    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
+    let positions = &map.start_positions;
 
-//     let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
+    // All start positions should exist in the graph
+    assert_that(&map.graph.get_node(positions.pacman)).is_some();
+    assert_that(&map.graph.get_node(positions.blinky)).is_some();
+    assert_that(&map.graph.get_node(positions.pinky)).is_some();
+    assert_that(&map.graph.get_node(positions.inky)).is_some();
+    assert_that(&map.graph.get_node(positions.clyde)).is_some();
+}
 
-//     // Create a minimal atlas for testing
-//     let mut frames = HashMap::new();
-//     frames.insert(
-//         "maze/pellet.png".to_string(),
-//         MapperFrame {
-//             x: 0,
-//             y: 0,
-//             width: 8,
-//             height: 8,
-//         },
-//     );
-//     frames.insert(
-//         "maze/energizer.png".to_string(),
-//         MapperFrame {
-//             x: 8,
-//             y: 0,
-//             width: 8,
-//             height: 8,
-//         },
-//     );
+#[test]
+fn test_ghost_house_has_ghost_only_entrance() {
+    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
 
-//     let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
-//     let texture = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, Texture<'static>>(0usize) };
-//     let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(texture, mapper);
+    // Find the house entrance node
+    let house_entrance = map.start_positions.blinky;
 
-//     let items = map.generate_items(&atlas).unwrap();
+    // Check that there's a ghost-only connection from the house entrance
+    let mut has_ghost_only_connection = false;
+    for edge in map.graph.adjacency_list[house_entrance as usize].edges() {
+        if edge.traversal_flags == TraversalFlags::GHOST {
+            has_ghost_only_connection = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    assert_that(&has_ghost_only_connection).is_true();
+}
 
-//     // Verify we have items
-//     assert!(!items.is_empty());
+#[test]
+fn test_tunnel_connections_exist() {
+    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
 
-//     // Count different types
-//     let pellet_count = items
-//         .iter()
-//         .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Pellet))
-//         .count();
-//     let energizer_count = items
-//         .iter()
-//         .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Energizer))
-//         .count();
-
-//     // Should have both types
-//     assert_eq!(pellet_count, 240);
-//     assert_eq!(energizer_count, 4);
-
-//     // All items should be uncollected initially
-//     assert!(items.iter().all(|item| !item.is_collected()));
-
-//     // All items should have valid node indices
-//     assert!(items.iter().all(|item| item.node_index < map.graph.node_count()));
-// }
+    // Find tunnel nodes by looking for nodes with zero-distance connections
+    let mut has_tunnel_connection = false;
+    for intersection in &map.graph.adjacency_list {
+        for edge in intersection.edges() {
+            if edge.distance == 0.0f32 {
+                has_tunnel_connection = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if has_tunnel_connection {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    assert_that(&has_tunnel_connection).is_true();
+}

tests/movement.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,9 @@
 use glam::Vec2;
 use pacman::map::direction::Direction;
-use pacman::map::graph::{Graph, Node};
 use pacman::systems::movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
-fn create_test_graph() -> Graph {
-    let mut graph = Graph::new();
-
-    // Add a few test nodes
-    let node0 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node2 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: Vec2::new(0.0, 16.0),
-    });
-
-    // Connect them
-    graph.connect(node0, node1, false, None, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-    graph.connect(node0, node2, false, None, Direction::Down).unwrap();
-
-    graph
-}
+mod common;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_position_is_at_node() {
@@ -33,8 +14,8 @@ fn test_position_is_at_node() {
         remaining_distance: 8.0,
     };
 
-    assert!(stopped_pos.is_at_node());
-    assert!(!moving_pos.is_at_node());
+    assert_that(&stopped_pos.is_at_node()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&moving_pos.is_at_node()).is_false();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -46,8 +27,8 @@ fn test_position_current_node() {
         remaining_distance: 12.0,
     };
 
-    assert_eq!(stopped_pos.current_node(), 5);
-    assert_eq!(moving_pos.current_node(), 3);
+    assert_that(&stopped_pos.current_node()).is_equal_to(5);
+    assert_that(&moving_pos.current_node()).is_equal_to(3);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -55,8 +36,8 @@ fn test_position_tick_no_movement_when_stopped() {
     let mut pos = Position::Stopped { node: 0 };
     let result = pos.tick(5.0);
 
-    assert!(result.is_none());
-    assert_eq!(pos, Position::Stopped { node: 0 });
+    assert_that(&result.is_none()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&pos).is_equal_to(Position::Stopped { node: 0 });
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -68,15 +49,12 @@ fn test_position_tick_no_movement_when_zero_distance() {
     };
     let result = pos.tick(0.0);
 
-    assert!(result.is_none());
-    assert_eq!(
-        pos,
-        Position::Moving {
-            from: 0,
-            to: 1,
-            remaining_distance: 10.0,
-        }
-    );
+    assert_that(&result.is_none()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&pos).is_equal_to(Position::Moving {
+        from: 0,
+        to: 1,
+        remaining_distance: 10.0,
+    });
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -88,15 +66,12 @@ fn test_position_tick_partial_movement() {
     };
     let result = pos.tick(3.0);
 
-    assert!(result.is_none());
-    assert_eq!(
-        pos,
-        Position::Moving {
-            from: 0,
-            to: 1,
-            remaining_distance: 7.0,
-        }
-    );
+    assert_that(&result.is_none()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&pos).is_equal_to(Position::Moving {
+        from: 0,
+        to: 1,
+        remaining_distance: 7.0,
+    });
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -108,8 +83,8 @@ fn test_position_tick_exact_arrival() {
     };
     let result = pos.tick(5.0);
 
-    assert!(result.is_none());
-    assert_eq!(pos, Position::Stopped { node: 1 });
+    assert_that(&result.is_none()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&pos).is_equal_to(Position::Stopped { node: 1 });
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -121,13 +96,13 @@ fn test_position_tick_overshoot_with_overflow() {
     };
     let result = pos.tick(8.0);
 
-    assert_eq!(result, Some(5.0));
-    assert_eq!(pos, Position::Stopped { node: 1 });
+    assert_that(&result).is_equal_to(Some(5.0));
+    assert_that(&pos).is_equal_to(Position::Stopped { node: 1 });
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_position_get_pixel_position_stopped() {
-    let graph = create_test_graph();
+    let graph = common::create_test_graph();
     let pos = Position::Stopped { node: 0 };
 
     let pixel_pos = pos.get_pixel_position(&graph).unwrap();
@@ -136,12 +111,12 @@ fn test_position_get_pixel_position_stopped() {
         0.0 + pacman::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32,
     );
 
-    assert_eq!(pixel_pos, expected);
+    assert_that(&pixel_pos).is_equal_to(expected);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_position_get_pixel_position_moving() {
-    let graph = create_test_graph();
+    let graph = common::create_test_graph();
     let pos = Position::Moving {
         from: 0,
         to: 1,
@@ -155,7 +130,7 @@ fn test_position_get_pixel_position_moving() {
         0.0 + pacman::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32,
     );
 
-    assert_eq!(pixel_pos, expected);
+    assert_that(&pixel_pos).is_equal_to(expected);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -165,14 +140,14 @@ fn test_velocity_basic_properties() {
         direction: Direction::Up,
     };
 
-    assert_eq!(velocity.speed, 2.5);
-    assert_eq!(velocity.direction, Direction::Up);
+    assert_that(&velocity.speed).is_equal_to(2.5);
+    assert_that(&velocity.direction).is_equal_to(Direction::Up);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_buffered_direction_none() {
     let buffered = BufferedDirection::None;
-    assert_eq!(buffered, BufferedDirection::None);
+    assert_that(&buffered).is_equal_to(BufferedDirection::None);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -187,8 +162,8 @@ fn test_buffered_direction_some() {
         remaining_time,
     } = buffered
     {
-        assert_eq!(direction, Direction::Left);
-        assert_eq!(remaining_time, 0.5);
+        assert_that(&direction).is_equal_to(Direction::Left);
+        assert_that(&remaining_time).is_equal_to(0.5);
     } else {
         panic!("Expected BufferedDirection::Some");
     }

tests/parser.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use pacman::constants::{BOARD_CELL_SIZE, RAW_BOARD};
 use pacman::error::ParseError;
 use pacman::map::parser::MapTileParser;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_parse_character() {
@@ -15,25 +16,25 @@ fn test_parse_character() {
     ];
 
     for (char, _expected) in test_cases {
-        assert!(matches!(MapTileParser::parse_character(char).unwrap(), _expected));
+        assert_that(&matches!(MapTileParser::parse_character(char).unwrap(), _expected)).is_true();
     }
 
-    assert!(MapTileParser::parse_character('Z').is_err());
+    assert_that(&MapTileParser::parse_character('Z').is_err()).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_parse_board() {
     let result = MapTileParser::parse_board(RAW_BOARD);
-    assert!(result.is_ok());
+    assert_that(&result.is_ok()).is_true();
 
     let parsed = result.unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(parsed.tiles.len(), BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize);
-    assert_eq!(parsed.tiles[0].len(), BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize);
-    assert!(parsed.house_door[0].is_some());
-    assert!(parsed.house_door[1].is_some());
-    assert!(parsed.tunnel_ends[0].is_some());
-    assert!(parsed.tunnel_ends[1].is_some());
-    assert!(parsed.pacman_start.is_some());
+    assert_that(&parsed.tiles.len()).is_equal_to(BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize);
+    assert_that(&parsed.tiles[0].len()).is_equal_to(BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize);
+    assert_that(&parsed.house_door[0].is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&parsed.house_door[1].is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&parsed.tunnel_ends[0].is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&parsed.tunnel_ends[1].is_some()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&parsed.pacman_start.is_some()).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -42,6 +43,6 @@ fn test_parse_board_invalid_character() {
     invalid_board[0] = "###########################Z".to_string();
 
     let result = MapTileParser::parse_board(invalid_board.each_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()));
-    assert!(result.is_err());
-    assert!(matches!(result.unwrap_err(), ParseError::UnknownCharacter('Z')));
+    assert_that(&result.is_err()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&matches!(result.unwrap_err(), ParseError::UnknownCharacter('Z'))).is_true();
 }

tests/player.rs

@@ -1,63 +1,18 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
-
+use bevy_ecs::{event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce};
 use pacman::{
     events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
     map::{
-        builder::Map,
         direction::Direction,
         graph::{Edge, TraversalFlags},
     },
     systems::{
         can_traverse, player_control_system, player_movement_system, AudioState, BufferedDirection, DebugState, DeltaTime,
-        EntityType, GlobalState, MovementModifiers, PlayerControlled, Position, Velocity,
+        EntityType, GlobalState, Position, Velocity,
     },
 };
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
-// Test helper functions for ECS setup
-fn create_test_world() -> World {
-    let mut world = World::new();
-
-    // Add resources
-    world.insert_resource(GlobalState { exit: false });
-    world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
-    world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
-    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(1.0 / 60.0)); // 60 FPS
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameEvent>::default());
-    world.insert_resource(Events::<pacman::error::GameError>::default());
-
-    // Create a simple test map with nodes and edges
-    let test_map = create_test_map();
-    world.insert_resource(test_map);
-
-    world
-}
-
-fn create_test_map() -> Map {
-    // Use the actual RAW_BOARD from constants.rs
-    use pacman::constants::RAW_BOARD;
-    Map::new(RAW_BOARD).expect("Failed to create test map")
-}
-
-fn spawn_test_player(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
-    world
-        .spawn((
-            PlayerControlled,
-            Position::Stopped { node: 0 },
-            Velocity {
-                speed: 1.0,
-                direction: Direction::Right,
-            },
-            BufferedDirection::None,
-            EntityType::Player,
-            MovementModifiers::default(),
-        ))
-        .id()
-}
-
-fn send_game_event(world: &mut World, command: GameCommand) {
-    let mut events = world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>();
-    events.send(GameEvent::Command(command));
-}
+mod common;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_can_traverse_player_on_all_edges() {
@@ -68,7 +23,7 @@ fn test_can_traverse_player_on_all_edges() {
         traversal_flags: TraversalFlags::ALL,
     };
 
-    assert!(can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge));
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge)).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -80,7 +35,7 @@ fn test_can_traverse_player_on_pacman_only_edges() {
         traversal_flags: TraversalFlags::PACMAN,
     };
 
-    assert!(can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge));
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge)).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -92,7 +47,7 @@ fn test_can_traverse_player_blocked_on_ghost_only_edges() {
         traversal_flags: TraversalFlags::GHOST,
     };
 
-    assert!(!can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge));
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge)).is_false();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -104,7 +59,7 @@ fn test_can_traverse_ghost_on_all_edges() {
         traversal_flags: TraversalFlags::ALL,
     };
 
-    assert!(can_traverse(EntityType::Ghost, edge));
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::Ghost, edge)).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -116,7 +71,7 @@ fn test_can_traverse_ghost_on_ghost_only_edges() {
         traversal_flags: TraversalFlags::GHOST,
     };
 
-    assert!(can_traverse(EntityType::Ghost, edge));
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::Ghost, edge)).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -128,7 +83,7 @@ fn test_can_traverse_ghost_blocked_on_pacman_only_edges() {
         traversal_flags: TraversalFlags::PACMAN,
     };
 
-    assert!(!can_traverse(EntityType::Ghost, edge));
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::Ghost, edge)).is_false();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -143,29 +98,25 @@ fn test_can_traverse_static_entities_flags() {
     // Static entities have empty traversal flags but can still "traverse"
     // in the sense that empty flags are contained in any flag set
     // This is the expected behavior since empty ⊆ any set
-    assert!(can_traverse(EntityType::Pellet, edge));
-    assert!(can_traverse(EntityType::PowerPellet, edge));
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::Pellet, edge)).is_true();
+    assert_that(&can_traverse(EntityType::PowerPellet, edge)).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_entity_type_traversal_flags() {
-    assert_eq!(EntityType::Player.traversal_flags(), TraversalFlags::PACMAN);
-    assert_eq!(EntityType::Ghost.traversal_flags(), TraversalFlags::GHOST);
-    assert_eq!(EntityType::Pellet.traversal_flags(), TraversalFlags::empty());
-    assert_eq!(EntityType::PowerPellet.traversal_flags(), TraversalFlags::empty());
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Player.traversal_flags()).is_equal_to(TraversalFlags::PACMAN);
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Ghost.traversal_flags()).is_equal_to(TraversalFlags::GHOST);
+    assert_that(&EntityType::Pellet.traversal_flags()).is_equal_to(TraversalFlags::empty());
+    assert_that(&EntityType::PowerPellet.traversal_flags()).is_equal_to(TraversalFlags::empty());
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// ECS System Tests
-// ============================================================================
-
 #[test]
 fn test_player_control_system_move_command() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Send move command
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up)));
 
     // Run the system
     world
@@ -181,8 +132,8 @@ fn test_player_control_system_move_command() {
             direction,
             remaining_time,
         } => {
-            assert_eq!(direction, Direction::Up);
-            assert_eq!(remaining_time, 0.25);
+            assert_that(&direction).is_equal_to(Direction::Up);
+            assert_that(&remaining_time).is_equal_to(0.25);
         }
         BufferedDirection::None => panic!("Expected buffered direction to be set"),
     }
@@ -190,11 +141,11 @@ fn test_player_control_system_move_command() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_control_system_exit_command() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Send exit command
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::Exit);
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::Exit));
 
     // Run the system
     world
@@ -203,16 +154,16 @@ fn test_player_control_system_exit_command() {
 
     // Check that exit flag was set
     let state = world.resource::<GlobalState>();
-    assert!(state.exit);
+    assert_that(&state.exit).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_control_system_toggle_debug() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Send toggle debug command
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::ToggleDebug);
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::ToggleDebug));
 
     // Run the system
     world
@@ -221,16 +172,16 @@ fn test_player_control_system_toggle_debug() {
 
     // Check that debug state changed
     let debug_state = world.resource::<DebugState>();
-    assert!(debug_state.enabled);
+    assert_that(&debug_state.enabled).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_control_system_mute_audio() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Send mute audio command
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MuteAudio);
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MuteAudio));
 
     // Run the system
     world
@@ -239,26 +190,26 @@ fn test_player_control_system_mute_audio() {
 
     // Check that audio was muted
     let audio_state = world.resource::<AudioState>();
-    assert!(audio_state.muted);
+    assert_that(&audio_state.muted).is_true();
 
     // Send mute audio command again to unmute - need fresh events
     world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>().clear(); // Clear previous events
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MuteAudio);
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MuteAudio));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
 
     // Check that audio was unmuted
     let audio_state = world.resource::<AudioState>();
-    assert!(!audio_state.muted, "Audio should be unmuted after second toggle");
+    assert_that(&audio_state.muted).is_false();
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_control_system_no_player_entity() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
     // Don't spawn a player entity
 
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up)));
 
     // Run the system - should write an error
     world
@@ -272,8 +223,8 @@ fn test_player_control_system_no_player_entity() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_movement_system_buffered_direction_expires() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Set a buffered direction with short time
     world.entity_mut(player).insert(BufferedDirection::Some {
@@ -282,7 +233,7 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_buffered_direction_expires() {
     });
 
     // Set delta time to expire the buffered direction
-    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(0.02));
+    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime::from_seconds(0.02));
 
     // Run the system
     world
@@ -295,18 +246,15 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_buffered_direction_expires() {
     match *buffered_direction {
         BufferedDirection::None => {} // Expected - fully expired
         BufferedDirection::Some { remaining_time, .. } => {
-            assert!(
-                remaining_time <= 0.0,
-                "Buffered direction should be expired or have non-positive time"
-            );
+            assert_that(&(remaining_time <= 0.0)).is_true();
         }
     }
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_movement_system_start_moving_from_stopped() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Player starts at node 0, facing right (towards node 1)
     // Should start moving when system runs
@@ -321,7 +269,7 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_start_moving_from_stopped() {
 
     match *position {
         Position::Moving { from, .. } => {
-            assert_eq!(from, 0, "Player should start from node 0");
+            assert_that(&from).is_equal_to(0);
             // Don't assert exact target node since the real map has different connectivity
         }
         Position::Stopped { .. } => {} // May stay stopped if no valid edge in current direction
@@ -330,8 +278,8 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_start_moving_from_stopped() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_movement_system_buffered_direction_change() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Set a buffered direction to go down (towards node 2)
     world.entity_mut(player).insert(BufferedDirection::Some {
@@ -349,8 +297,8 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_buffered_direction_change() {
 
     match *position {
         Position::Moving { from, to, .. } => {
-            assert_eq!(from, 0);
-            assert_eq!(to, 2); // Should be moving to node 2 (down)
+            assert_that(&from).is_equal_to(0);
+            assert_that(&to).is_equal_to(2); // Should be moving to node 2 (down)
         }
         Position::Stopped { .. } => panic!("Player should have started moving"),
     }
@@ -361,8 +309,8 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_buffered_direction_change() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_movement_system_no_valid_edge() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Set velocity to direction with no edge
     world.entity_mut(player).insert(Velocity {
@@ -379,15 +327,15 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_no_valid_edge() {
     let position = query.single(&world).expect("Player should exist");
 
     match *position {
-        Position::Stopped { node } => assert_eq!(node, 0),
+        Position::Stopped { node } => assert_that(&node).is_equal_to(0),
         Position::Moving { .. } => panic!("Player shouldn't be able to move without valid edge"),
     }
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_movement_system_continue_moving() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Set player to already be moving
     world.entity_mut(player).insert(Position::Moving {
@@ -406,7 +354,7 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_continue_moving() {
 
     match *position {
         Position::Moving { remaining_distance, .. } => {
-            assert!(remaining_distance < 50.0); // Should have moved
+            assert_that(&(remaining_distance < 50.0)).is_true(); // Should have moved
         }
         Position::Stopped { .. } => {
             // If player reached destination, that's also valid
@@ -414,17 +362,13 @@ fn test_player_movement_system_continue_moving() {
     }
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Integration Tests
-// ============================================================================
-
 #[test]
 fn test_full_player_input_to_movement_flow() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Send move command
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Down));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Down)));
 
     // Run control system to process input
     world
@@ -442,8 +386,8 @@ fn test_full_player_input_to_movement_flow() {
 
     match *position {
         Position::Moving { from, to, .. } => {
-            assert_eq!(from, 0);
-            assert_eq!(to, 2); // Moving to node 2 (down)
+            assert_that(&from).is_equal_to(0);
+            assert_that(&to).is_equal_to(2); // Moving to node 2 (down)
         }
         Position::Stopped { .. } => panic!("Player should be moving"),
     }
@@ -454,17 +398,17 @@ fn test_full_player_input_to_movement_flow() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_buffered_direction_timing() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Send move command
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up)));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
 
     // Run movement system multiple times with small delta times
-    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(0.1)); // 0.1 seconds
+    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime::from_seconds(0.1)); // 0.1 seconds
 
     // First run - buffered direction should still be active
     world
@@ -475,39 +419,39 @@ fn test_buffered_direction_timing() {
 
     match *buffered_direction {
         BufferedDirection::Some { remaining_time, .. } => {
-            assert!(remaining_time > 0.0);
-            assert!(remaining_time < 0.25);
+            assert_that(&(remaining_time > 0.0)).is_true();
+            assert_that(&(remaining_time < 0.25)).is_true();
         }
         BufferedDirection::None => panic!("Buffered direction should still be active"),
     }
 
     // Run again to fully expire the buffered direction
-    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(0.2)); // Total 0.3 seconds, should expire
+    world.insert_resource(DeltaTime::from_seconds(0.2)); // Total 0.3 seconds, should expire
     world
         .run_system_once(player_movement_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
 
     let buffered_direction = query.single(&world).expect("Player should exist");
-    assert_eq!(*buffered_direction, BufferedDirection::None);
+    assert_that(buffered_direction).is_equal_to(BufferedDirection::None);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_multiple_rapid_direction_changes() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Send multiple rapid direction changes
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Up)));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
 
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Down));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Down)));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
 
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Left));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Left)));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
@@ -518,7 +462,7 @@ fn test_multiple_rapid_direction_changes() {
 
     match *buffered_direction {
         BufferedDirection::Some { direction, .. } => {
-            assert_eq!(direction, Direction::Left);
+            assert_that(&direction).is_equal_to(Direction::Left);
         }
         BufferedDirection::None => panic!("Expected buffered direction"),
     }
@@ -526,15 +470,15 @@ fn test_multiple_rapid_direction_changes() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_player_state_persistence_across_systems() {
-    let mut world = create_test_world();
-    let _player = spawn_test_player(&mut world);
+    let mut world = common::create_test_world();
+    let _player = common::spawn_test_player(&mut world, 0);
 
     // Test that multiple commands can be processed - but need to handle events properly
     // Clear any existing events first
     world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>().clear();
 
     // Toggle debug mode
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::ToggleDebug);
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::ToggleDebug));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
@@ -542,7 +486,7 @@ fn test_player_state_persistence_across_systems() {
 
     // Clear events and mute audio
     world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>().clear();
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MuteAudio);
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MuteAudio));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
@@ -550,7 +494,7 @@ fn test_player_state_persistence_across_systems() {
 
     // Clear events and move player
     world.resource_mut::<Events<GameEvent>>().clear();
-    send_game_event(&mut world, GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Down));
+    common::send_game_event(&mut world, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::MovePlayer(Direction::Down)));
     world
         .run_system_once(player_control_system)
         .expect("System should run successfully");
@@ -564,8 +508,8 @@ fn test_player_state_persistence_across_systems() {
     let position = *query.single(&world).expect("Player should exist");
 
     // Check that the state changes persisted individually
-    assert!(debug_state_after_toggle.enabled, "Debug state should have toggled");
-    assert!(audio_muted_after_toggle, "Audio should be muted");
+    assert_that(&debug_state_after_toggle.enabled).is_true();
+    assert_that(&audio_muted_after_toggle).is_true();
 
     // Player position depends on actual map connectivity
     match position {

tests/profiling.rs

@@ -1,40 +1,92 @@
 use pacman::systems::profiling::{SystemId, SystemTimings};
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 use std::time::Duration;
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
+
+macro_rules! assert_close {
+    ($actual:expr, $expected:expr, $concern:expr) => {
+        let tolerance = Duration::from_micros(500);
+        let diff = $actual.abs_diff($expected);
+        assert_that(&(diff < tolerance)).is_true();
+    };
+}
 
 #[test]
 fn test_timing_statistics() {
     let timings = SystemTimings::default();
 
-    // Add some test data
-    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(10));
-    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(12));
-    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(8));
+    // Add consecutive timing measurements (no skipped ticks to avoid zero padding)
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(10), 1);
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(12), 2);
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(8), 3);
 
-    let stats = timings.get_stats();
-    let (avg, std_dev) = stats.get(&SystemId::PlayerControls).unwrap();
+    // Add consecutive timing measurements for another system
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::Blinking, Duration::from_millis(3), 1);
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::Blinking, Duration::from_millis(2), 2);
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::Blinking, Duration::from_millis(1), 3);
 
-    // Average should be 10ms, standard deviation should be small
-    assert!((avg.as_millis() as f64 - 10.0).abs() < 1.0);
-    assert!(std_dev.as_millis() > 0);
+    {
+        let stats = timings.get_stats(3);
+        let (avg, std_dev) = stats.get(&SystemId::PlayerControls).unwrap();
 
-    let (total_avg, total_std) = timings.get_total_stats();
-    assert!((total_avg.as_millis() as f64 - 10.0).abs() < 1.0);
-    assert!(total_std.as_millis() > 0);
+        assert_close!(*avg, Duration::from_millis(10), "PlayerControls average timing");
+        assert_close!(*std_dev, Duration::from_millis(2), "PlayerControls standard deviation timing");
+    }
+
+    // Note: get_total_stats() was removed as we now use the Total system directly
+    // This test now focuses on individual system statistics
 }
 
-// #[test]
-// fn test_window_size_limit() {
-//     let timings = SystemTimings::default();
+#[test]
+fn test_default_zero_timing_for_unused_systems() {
+    let timings = SystemTimings::default();
 
-//     // Add more than 90 timings to test window size limit
-//     for i in 0..100 {
-//         timings.add_timing("test_system", Duration::from_millis(i));
-//     }
+    // Add timing data for only one system
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(5), 1);
 
-//     let stats = timings.get_stats();
-//     let (avg, _) = stats.get("test_system").unwrap();
+    let stats = timings.get_stats(1);
 
-//     // Should only keep the last 90 values, so average should be around 55ms
-//     // (average of 10-99)
-//     assert!((avg.as_millis() as f64 - 55.0).abs() < 5.0);
-// }
+    // Verify all SystemId variants are present in the stats
+    let expected_count = SystemId::iter().count();
+    assert_that(&stats.len()).is_equal_to(expected_count);
+
+    // Verify that the system with data has non-zero timing
+    let (avg, std_dev) = stats.get(&SystemId::PlayerControls).unwrap();
+    assert_close!(*avg, Duration::from_millis(5), "System with data should have correct timing");
+    assert_close!(*std_dev, Duration::ZERO, "Single measurement should have zero std dev");
+
+    // Verify that all other systems have zero timing (excluding Total which is special)
+    for id in SystemId::iter() {
+        if id != SystemId::PlayerControls && id != SystemId::Total {
+            let (avg, std_dev) = stats.get(&id).unwrap();
+            assert_close!(
+                *avg,
+                Duration::ZERO,
+                format!("Unused system {:?} should have zero avg timing", id)
+            );
+            assert_close!(
+                *std_dev,
+                Duration::ZERO,
+                format!("Unused system {:?} should have zero std dev", id)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_total_system_timing() {
+    let timings = SystemTimings::default();
+
+    // Add some timing data to the Total system
+    timings.add_total_timing(Duration::from_millis(16), 1);
+    timings.add_total_timing(Duration::from_millis(18), 2);
+    timings.add_total_timing(Duration::from_millis(14), 3);
+
+    let stats = timings.get_stats(3);
+    let (avg, std_dev) = stats.get(&SystemId::Total).unwrap();
+
+    // Should have 16ms average (16+18+14)/3 = 16ms
+    assert_close!(*avg, Duration::from_millis(16), "Total system average timing");
+    // Should have some standard deviation
+    assert_that(&(*std_dev > Duration::ZERO)).is_true();
+}

tests/sprite.rs

@@ -1,81 +1,57 @@
 use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
+use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, MapperFrame};
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-fn mock_texture() -> sdl2::render::Texture<'static> {
-    unsafe { std::mem::transmute(0usize) }
-}
+mod common;
 
 #[test]
-fn test_sprite_atlas_basic() {
+fn test_atlas_mapper_frame_lookup() {
     let mut frames = HashMap::new();
     frames.insert(
         "test".to_string(),
         MapperFrame {
-            x: 10,
-            y: 20,
-            width: 32,
-            height: 64,
+            pos: U16Vec2::new(10, 20),
+            size: U16Vec2::new(32, 64),
         },
     );
 
     let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
-    let texture = mock_texture();
-    let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(texture, mapper);
 
-    let tile = atlas.get_tile("test");
-    assert!(tile.is_some());
-    let tile = tile.unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(tile.pos, glam::U16Vec2::new(10, 20));
-    assert_eq!(tile.size, glam::U16Vec2::new(32, 64));
-    assert_eq!(tile.color, None);
+    // Test direct frame lookup
+    let frame = mapper.frames.get("test");
+    assert_that(&frame.is_some()).is_true();
+    let frame = frame.unwrap();
+    assert_that(&frame.pos).is_equal_to(U16Vec2::new(10, 20));
+    assert_that(&frame.size).is_equal_to(U16Vec2::new(32, 64));
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_sprite_atlas_multiple_tiles() {
+fn test_atlas_mapper_multiple_frames() {
     let mut frames = HashMap::new();
     frames.insert(
         "tile1".to_string(),
         MapperFrame {
-            x: 0,
-            y: 0,
-            width: 32,
-            height: 32,
+            pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
+            size: U16Vec2::new(32, 32),
         },
     );
     frames.insert(
         "tile2".to_string(),
         MapperFrame {
-            x: 32,
-            y: 0,
-            width: 64,
-            height: 64,
+            pos: U16Vec2::new(32, 0),
+            size: U16Vec2::new(64, 64),
         },
     );
 
     let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
-    let texture = mock_texture();
-    let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(texture, mapper);
 
-    assert_eq!(atlas.tiles_count(), 2);
-    assert!(atlas.has_tile("tile1"));
-    assert!(atlas.has_tile("tile2"));
-    assert!(!atlas.has_tile("tile3"));
-    assert!(atlas.get_tile("nonexistent").is_none());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_sprite_atlas_color() {
-    let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames: HashMap::new() };
-    let texture = mock_texture();
-    let mut atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(texture, mapper);
-
-    assert_eq!(atlas.default_color(), None);
-
-    let color = Color::RGB(255, 0, 0);
-    atlas.set_color(color);
-    assert_eq!(atlas.default_color(), Some(color));
+    assert_that(&mapper.frames.len()).is_equal_to(2);
+    assert_that(&mapper.frames.contains_key("tile1")).is_true();
+    assert_that(&mapper.frames.contains_key("tile2")).is_true();
+    assert_that(&mapper.frames.contains_key("tile3")).is_false();
+    assert_that(&mapper.frames.contains_key("nonexistent")).is_false();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -85,10 +61,10 @@ fn test_atlas_tile_new_and_with_color() {
     let color = Color::RGB(100, 150, 200);
 
     let tile = AtlasTile::new(pos, size, None);
-    assert_eq!(tile.pos, pos);
-    assert_eq!(tile.size, size);
-    assert_eq!(tile.color, None);
+    assert_that(&tile.pos).is_equal_to(pos);
+    assert_that(&tile.size).is_equal_to(size);
+    assert_that(&tile.color).is_equal_to(None);
 
     let tile_with_color = tile.with_color(color);
-    assert_eq!(tile_with_color.color, Some(color));
+    assert_that(&tile_with_color.color).is_equal_to(Some(color));
 }

tests/text.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use pacman::texture::{sprite::SpriteAtlas, text::TextTexture};
-
-use crate::common::create_atlas;
+use speculoos::prelude::*;
 
 mod common;
 
+use common::create_atlas;
+
 /// Helper function to get all characters that should be in the atlas
 fn get_all_chars() -> String {
     let mut chars = Vec::new();
@@ -16,22 +17,16 @@ fn get_all_chars() -> String {
 /// Helper function to check if a character is in the atlas and char_map
 fn check_char(text_texture: &mut TextTexture, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, c: char) {
     // Check that the character is not in the char_map yet
-    assert!(
-        !text_texture.get_char_map().contains_key(&c),
-        "Character {c} should not yet be in char_map"
-    );
+    assert_that(&text_texture.get_char_map().contains_key(&c)).is_false();
 
     // Get the tile from the atlas, which caches the tile in the char_map
     let tile = text_texture.get_tile(c, atlas);
 
-    assert!(tile.is_ok(), "Failed to get tile for character {c}");
-    assert!(tile.unwrap().is_some(), "Tile for character {c} not found in atlas");
+    assert_that(&tile.is_ok()).is_true();
+    assert_that(&tile.unwrap().is_some()).is_true();
 
     // Check that the tile is now cached in the char_map
-    assert!(
-        text_texture.get_char_map().contains_key(&c),
-        "Tile for character {c} was not cached in char_map"
-    );
+    assert_that(&text_texture.get_char_map().contains_key(&c)).is_true();
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -74,8 +69,8 @@ fn test_text_width() -> Result<(), String> {
         let width = text_texture.text_width(&string);
         let height = text_texture.text_height();
 
-        assert!(width > 0, "Width for string {string} should be greater than 0");
-        assert!(height > 0, "Height for string {string} should be greater than 0");
+        assert_that(&(width > 0)).is_true();
+        assert_that(&(height > 0)).is_true();
     }
 
     Ok(())
@@ -88,22 +83,22 @@ fn test_text_scale() -> Result<(), String> {
 
     let mut text_texture = TextTexture::new(0.5);
 
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.scale(), 0.5);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_height(), 4);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_width(""), 0);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_width(string), base_width / 2);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.scale()).is_equal_to(0.5);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_height()).is_equal_to(4);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_width("")).is_equal_to(0);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_width(string)).is_equal_to(base_width / 2);
 
     text_texture.set_scale(2.0);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.scale(), 2.0);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_height(), 16);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_width(string), base_width * 2);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_width(""), 0);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.scale()).is_equal_to(2.0);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_height()).is_equal_to(16);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_width(string)).is_equal_to(base_width * 2);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_width("")).is_equal_to(0);
 
     text_texture.set_scale(1.0);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.scale(), 1.0);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_height(), 8);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_width(string), base_width);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.text_width(""), 0);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.scale()).is_equal_to(1.0);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_height()).is_equal_to(8);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_width(string)).is_equal_to(base_width);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.text_width("")).is_equal_to(0);
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -113,17 +108,17 @@ fn test_text_color() -> Result<(), String> {
     let mut text_texture = TextTexture::new(1.0);
 
     // Test default color (should be None initially)
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.color(), None);
+    assert_that(&text_texture.color()).is_equal_to(None);
 
     // Test setting color
     let test_color = sdl2::pixels::Color::YELLOW;
     text_texture.set_color(test_color);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.color(), Some(test_color));
+    assert_that(&text_texture.color()).is_equal_to(Some(test_color));
 
     // Test changing color
     let new_color = sdl2::pixels::Color::RED;
     text_texture.set_color(new_color);
-    assert_eq!(text_texture.color(), Some(new_color));
+    assert_that(&text_texture.color()).is_equal_to(Some(new_color));
 
     Ok(())
 }

tests/ttf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use pacman::texture::ttf::{TtfAtlas, TtfRenderer};
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+
+mod common;
+
+#[test]
+fn text_width_calculates_correctly_for_empty_string() {
+    let (mut canvas, texture_creator, _sdl) = common::setup_sdl().unwrap();
+    let _ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+    let font = _ttf_context.load_font("assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf", 16).unwrap();
+
+    let mut atlas = TtfAtlas::new(&texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+    atlas.populate_atlas(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+
+    let renderer = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
+    let width = renderer.text_width(&atlas, "");
+
+    assert_eq!(width, 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn text_width_calculates_correctly_for_single_character() {
+    let (mut canvas, texture_creator, _sdl) = common::setup_sdl().unwrap();
+    let _ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+    let font = _ttf_context.load_font("assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf", 16).unwrap();
+
+    let mut atlas = TtfAtlas::new(&texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+    atlas.populate_atlas(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+
+    let renderer = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
+    let width = renderer.text_width(&atlas, "A");
+
+    assert!(width > 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn text_width_scales_correctly() {
+    let (mut canvas, texture_creator, _sdl) = common::setup_sdl().unwrap();
+    let _ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+    let font = _ttf_context.load_font("assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf", 16).unwrap();
+
+    let mut atlas = TtfAtlas::new(&texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+    atlas.populate_atlas(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+
+    let renderer1 = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
+    let renderer2 = TtfRenderer::new(2.0);
+
+    let width1 = renderer1.text_width(&atlas, "Test");
+    let width2 = renderer2.text_width(&atlas, "Test");
+
+    assert_eq!(width2, width1 * 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn text_height_returns_non_zero_for_valid_atlas() {
+    let (mut canvas, texture_creator, _sdl) = common::setup_sdl().unwrap();
+    let _ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+    let font = _ttf_context.load_font("assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf", 16).unwrap();
+
+    let mut atlas = TtfAtlas::new(&texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+    atlas.populate_atlas(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+
+    let renderer = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
+    let height = renderer.text_height(&atlas);
+
+    assert!(height > 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn text_height_scales_correctly() {
+    let (mut canvas, texture_creator, _sdl) = common::setup_sdl().unwrap();
+    let _ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+    let font = _ttf_context.load_font("assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf", 16).unwrap();
+
+    let mut atlas = TtfAtlas::new(&texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+    atlas.populate_atlas(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+
+    let renderer1 = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
+    let renderer2 = TtfRenderer::new(2.0);
+
+    let height1 = renderer1.text_height(&atlas);
+    let height2 = renderer2.text_height(&atlas);
+
+    assert_eq!(height2, height1 * 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn render_text_handles_empty_string() {
+    let (mut canvas, texture_creator, _sdl) = common::setup_sdl().unwrap();
+    let _ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+    let font = _ttf_context.load_font("assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf", 16).unwrap();
+
+    let mut atlas = TtfAtlas::new(&texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+    atlas.populate_atlas(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+
+    let renderer = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
+    let result = renderer.render_text(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, "", glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0), Color::WHITE);
+
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn render_text_handles_single_character() {
+    let (mut canvas, texture_creator, _sdl) = common::setup_sdl().unwrap();
+    let _ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+    let font = _ttf_context.load_font("assets/game/TerminalVector.ttf", 16).unwrap();
+
+    let mut atlas = TtfAtlas::new(&texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+    atlas.populate_atlas(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &font).unwrap();
+
+    let renderer = TtfRenderer::new(1.0);
+    let result = renderer.render_text(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, "A", glam::Vec2::new(10.0, 10.0), Color::RED);
+
+    assert!(result.is_ok());
+}

web.build.ts

@@ -501,7 +501,6 @@ async function activateEmsdk(
 
   return { vars };
 }
-
 async function main() {
   // Print the OS detected
   logger.debug(
@@ -515,7 +514,19 @@ async function main() {
         .exhaustive()
   );
 
-  const release = process.env.RELEASE !== "0";
+  // Parse command line args for build mode
+  const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+  let release = true; // Default to release mode
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+    const arg = args[i];
+    if (arg === "-d" || arg === "--debug") {
+      release = false;
+    } else if (arg === "-r" || arg === "--release") {
+      release = true;
+    }
+  }
+
   const emsdkDir = resolve("./emsdk");
 
   // Activate the Emscripten SDK (returns null if already activated)