feat: high resolution debug rendering

Cargo.lock

@@ -528,6 +528,12 @@ version = "2.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32a282da65faaf38286cf3be983213fcf1d2e2a58700e808f83f4ea9a4804bc0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "micromap"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "18c087666f377f857b49564f8791b481260c67825d6b337e1e38ddf54a985a88"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nonmax"
 version = "0.5.5"
@@ -571,13 +577,16 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bevy_ecs",
+ "bitflags 2.9.1",
  "glam 0.30.5",
  "lazy_static",
  "libc",
+ "micromap",
  "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot",
  "pathfinding",
  "phf",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand",
  "sdl2",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -586,6 +595,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "strum",
  "strum_macros",
  "thiserror",
+ "thousands",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-error",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -637,29 +647,30 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fd6780a80ae0c52cc120a26a1a42c1ae51b247a253e4e06113d23d2c2edd078"
+checksum = "913273894cec178f401a31ec4b656318d95473527be05c0752cc41cdc32be8b7"
 dependencies = [
  "phf_macros",
  "phf_shared",
+ "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf_generator"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c80231409c20246a13fddb31776fb942c38553c51e871f8cbd687a4cfb5843d"
+checksum = "2cbb1126afed61dd6368748dae63b1ee7dc480191c6262a3b4ff1e29d86a6c5b"
 dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
  "phf_shared",
- "rand 0.8.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf_macros"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f84ac04429c13a7ff43785d75ad27569f2951ce0ffd30a3321230db2fc727216"
+checksum = "d713258393a82f091ead52047ca779d37e5766226d009de21696c4e667044368"
 dependencies = [
  "phf_generator",
  "phf_shared",
@@ -670,9 +681,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf_shared"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67eabc2ef2a60eb7faa00097bd1ffdb5bd28e62bf39990626a582201b7a754e5"
+checksum = "06005508882fb681fd97892ecff4b7fd0fee13ef1aa569f8695dae7ab9099981"
 dependencies = [
  "siphasher",
 ]
@@ -722,30 +733,15 @@ version = "5.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rand"
-version = "0.8.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.9.3",
+ "rand_core",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.6.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
 version = "0.9.3"
@@ -986,24 +982,30 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "2.0.12"
+version = "2.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "567b8a2dae586314f7be2a752ec7474332959c6460e02bde30d702a66d488708"
+checksum = "0b0949c3a6c842cbde3f1686d6eea5a010516deb7085f79db747562d4102f41e"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "2.0.12"
+version = "2.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f7cf42b4507d8ea322120659672cf1b9dbb93f8f2d4ecfd6e51350ff5b17a1d"
+checksum = "cc5b44b4ab9c2fdd0e0512e6bece8388e214c0749f5862b114cc5b7a25daf227"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "thousands"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3bf63baf9f5039dadc247375c29eb13706706cfde997d0330d05aa63a77d8820"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thread_local"
 version = "1.1.7"

Cargo.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-tracing = { version = "0.1.40", features = ["max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug"]}
+tracing = { version = "0.1.41", features = ["max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug"]}
 tracing-error = "0.2.0"
 tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.17", features = ["env-filter"]}
 lazy_static = "1.5.0"
@@ -15,16 +15,20 @@ spin_sleep = "1.3.2"
 rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng", "os_rng"] }
 pathfinding = "4.14"
 once_cell = "1.21.3"
-thiserror = "2.0"
+thiserror = "2.0.14"
 anyhow = "1.0"
-glam = { version = "0.30.5", features = [] }
+glam = "0.30.5"
 serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.142"
 smallvec = "1.15.1"
 strum = "0.27.2"
 strum_macros = "0.27.2"
-phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["macros"] }
+phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }
 bevy_ecs = "0.16.1"
+bitflags = "2.9.1"
+parking_lot = "0.12.3"
+micromap = "0.1.0"
+thousands = "0.2.0"
 
 [profile.release]
 lto = true
@@ -63,4 +67,4 @@ libc = "0.2.175"
 [build-dependencies]
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
-phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["macros"] }
+phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }

src/app.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use glam::Vec2;
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, ScaleMode, Texture, TextureCreator};
+use sdl2::render::TextureCreator;
 use sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext;
-use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
+use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
 use sdl2::{AudioSubsystem, EventPump, Sdl, VideoSubsystem};
-use tracing::{error, warn};
+use thousands::Separable;
+use tracing::info;
 
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult};
 
 use crate::constants::{CANVAS_SIZE, LOOP_TIME, SCALE};
 use crate::game::Game;
 use crate::platform::get_platform;
+use crate::systems::profiling::SystemTimings;
 
 pub struct App {
     pub game: Game,
+    last_timings: Instant,
     last_tick: Instant,
     focused: bool,
-    cursor_pos: Vec2,
+    _cursor_pos: Vec2,
 }
 
 impl App {
@@ -46,11 +49,10 @@ impl App {
             .build()
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
-        let mut canvas = Box::leak(Box::new(
+        let canvas = Box::leak(Box::new(
             window
                 .into_canvas()
                 .accelerated()
-                .present_vsync()
                 .build()
                 .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?,
         ));
@@ -64,17 +66,12 @@ impl App {
         let game = Game::new(canvas, texture_creator, event_pump)?;
         // game.audio.set_mute(cfg!(debug_assertions));
 
-        // Initial draw
-        // game.draw(&mut canvas, &mut backbuffer)
-        //     .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-        // game.present_backbuffer(&mut canvas, &backbuffer, glam::Vec2::ZERO)
-        //     .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-
         Ok(App {
             game,
             focused: true,
             last_tick: Instant::now(),
-            cursor_pos: Vec2::ZERO,
+            last_timings: Instant::now() - Duration::from_secs_f32(0.5),
+            _cursor_pos: Vec2::ZERO,
         })
     }
 
@@ -116,17 +113,34 @@ impl App {
                 return false;
             }
 
-            // if let Err(e) = self.game.draw(&mut self.canvas, &mut self.backbuffer) {
-            //     error!("Failed to draw game: {}", e);
-            // }
+            if self.last_timings.elapsed() > Duration::from_secs(1) {
+                // Show timing statistics over the last 90 frames
+                if let Some(timings) = self.game.world.get_resource::<SystemTimings>() {
+                    let stats = timings.get_stats();
+                    let (total_avg, total_std) = timings.get_total_stats();
 
+                    let mut individual_timings = String::new();
+                    for (name, (avg, std_dev)) in stats.iter() {
+                        individual_timings.push_str(&format!("{}={:?} ± {:?} ", name, avg, std_dev));
+                    }
+
+                    let effective_fps = match 1.0 / total_avg.as_secs_f64() {
+                        f if f > 100.0 => (f as u32).separate_with_commas(),
+                        f if f < 10.0 => format!("{:.1} FPS", f),
+                        f => format!("{:.0} FPS", f),
+                    };
+
+                    info!("({effective_fps}) {total_avg:?} ± {total_std:?} ({individual_timings})");
+                }
+                self.last_timings = Instant::now();
+            }
+
+            // Sleep if we still have time left
             if start.elapsed() < LOOP_TIME {
                 let time = LOOP_TIME.saturating_sub(start.elapsed());
                 if time != Duration::ZERO {
                     get_platform().sleep(time, self.focused);
                 }
-            } else {
-                warn!("Game loop behind schedule by: {:?}", start.elapsed() - LOOP_TIME);
             }
 
             true

src/ecs/interact.rs

@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{
-    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
-    query::With,
-    system::{Query, Res, ResMut},
-};
-
-use crate::{
-    ecs::{DeltaTime, GlobalState, PlayerControlled, Position, Velocity},
-    error::{EntityError, GameError},
-    game::events::GameEvent,
-    input::commands::GameCommand,
-    map::builder::Map,
-};
-
-pub fn movement_system(
-    map: Res<Map>,
-    delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut entities: Query<(&PlayerControlled, &mut Velocity, &mut Position)>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
-) {
-    for (player, mut velocity, mut position) in entities.iter_mut() {
-        let distance = velocity.speed.unwrap_or(0.0) * delta_time.0;
-
-        // Decrement the remaining frames for the next direction
-        if let Some((direction, remaining)) = velocity.next_direction {
-            if remaining > 0 {
-                velocity.next_direction = Some((direction, remaining - 1));
-            } else {
-                velocity.next_direction = None;
-            }
-        }
-
-        match *position {
-            Position::AtNode(node_id) => {
-                // We're not moving, but a buffered direction is available.
-                if let Some((next_direction, _)) = velocity.next_direction {
-                    if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(node_id, next_direction) {
-                        // if edge.permissions.can_traverse(edge) {
-                        //     // Start moving in that direction
-                        *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                            from: node_id,
-                            to: edge.target,
-                            traversed: distance,
-                        };
-                        velocity.direction = next_direction;
-                        // } else {
-                        //     return Err(crate::error::GameError::Entity(crate::error::EntityError::InvalidMovement(
-                        //         format!(
-                        //             "Cannot traverse edge from {} to {} in direction {:?}",
-                        //             node_id, edge.target, next_direction
-                        //         ),
-                        //     )));
-                        // }
-                    } else {
-                        errors.write(
-                            EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
-                                "No edge found in direction {:?} from node {}",
-                                next_direction, node_id
-                            ))
-                            .into(),
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    velocity.next_direction = None; // Consume the buffered direction regardless of whether we started moving with it
-                }
-            }
-            Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, traversed } => {
-                // There is no point in any of the next logic if we don't travel at all
-                if distance <= 0.0 {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                let edge = map
-                    .graph
-                    .find_edge(from, to)
-                    .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        errors.write(
-                            EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
-                                "Inconsistent state: Traverser is on a non-existent edge from {} to {}.",
-                                from, to
-                            ))
-                            .into(),
-                        );
-                        return;
-                    })
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                let new_traversed = traversed + distance;
-
-                if new_traversed < edge.distance {
-                    // Still on the same edge, just update the distance.
-                    *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                        from,
-                        to,
-                        traversed: new_traversed,
-                    };
-                } else {
-                    let overflow = new_traversed - edge.distance;
-                    let mut moved = false;
-
-                    // If we buffered a direction, try to find an edge in that direction
-                    if let Some((next_dir, _)) = velocity.next_direction {
-                        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(to, next_dir) {
-                            // if edge.permissions.can_traverse(edge) {
-                            //     *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                            //         from: to,
-                            //         to: edge.target,
-                            //         traversed: overflow,
-                            //     };
-
-                            velocity.direction = next_dir; // Remember our new direction
-                            velocity.next_direction = None; // Consume the buffered direction
-                            moved = true;
-                            // }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    // If we didn't move, try to continue in the current direction
-                    if !moved {
-                        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(to, velocity.direction) {
-                            // if edge.permissions.can_traverse(edge) {
-                            *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                                from: to,
-                                to: edge.target,
-                                traversed: overflow,
-                            };
-                            // } else {
-                            //     *position = Position::AtNode(to);
-                            //     velocity.next_direction = None;
-                            // }
-                        } else {
-                            *position = Position::AtNode(to);
-                            velocity.next_direction = None;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Handles
-pub fn interact_system(
-    mut events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
-    mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>,
-    mut players: Query<(&PlayerControlled, &mut Velocity)>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
-) {
-    // Get the player's velocity (handling to ensure there is only one player)
-    let mut velocity = match players.single_mut() {
-        Ok((_, velocity)) => velocity,
-        Err(e) => {
-            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!("Player not found: {}", e)).into());
-            return;
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Handle events
-    for event in events.read() {
-        match event {
-            GameEvent::Command(command) => match command {
-                GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
-                    velocity.direction = *direction;
-                }
-                GameCommand::Exit => {
-                    state.exit = true;
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}

src/ecs/mod.rs

@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-//! The Entity-Component-System (ECS) module.
-//!
-//! This module contains all the ECS-related logic, including components, systems,
-//! and resources.
-
-use bevy_ecs::{bundle::Bundle, component::Component, resource::Resource};
-use glam::Vec2;
-
-use crate::{
-    entity::{direction::Direction, graph::Graph, traversal},
-    error::{EntityError, GameResult},
-    texture::{
-        animated::AnimatedTexture,
-        directional::DirectionalAnimatedTexture,
-        sprite::{AtlasTile, Sprite},
-    },
-};
-
-/// A tag component for entities that are controlled by the player.
-#[derive(Default, Component)]
-pub struct PlayerControlled;
-
-/// A component for entities that have a sprite, with a layer for ordering.
-///
-/// This is intended to be modified by other entities allowing animation.
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct Renderable {
-    pub sprite: AtlasTile,
-    pub layer: u8,
-}
-
-/// A component for entities that have a directional animated texture.
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct DirectionalAnimated {
-    pub textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
-    pub stopped_textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
-}
-
-/// A unique identifier for a node, represented by its index in the graph's storage.
-pub type NodeId = usize;
-
-/// Represents the current position of an entity traversing the graph.
-///
-/// This enum allows for precise tracking of whether an entity is exactly at a node
-/// or moving along an edge between two nodes.
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Position {
-    /// The traverser is located exactly at a node.
-    AtNode(NodeId),
-    /// The traverser is on an edge between two nodes.
-    BetweenNodes {
-        from: NodeId,
-        to: NodeId,
-        /// The floating-point distance traversed along the edge from the `from` node.
-        traversed: f32,
-    },
-}
-
-impl Position {
-    /// Calculates the current pixel position in the game world.
-    ///
-    /// Converts the graph position to screen coordinates, accounting for
-    /// the board offset and centering the sprite.
-    pub fn get_pixel_pos(&self, graph: &Graph) -> GameResult<Vec2> {
-        let pos = match self {
-            Position::AtNode(node_id) => {
-                let node = graph.get_node(*node_id).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*node_id))?;
-                node.position
-            }
-            Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, traversed } => {
-                let from_node = graph.get_node(*from).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*from))?;
-                let to_node = graph.get_node(*to).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*to))?;
-                let edge = graph
-                    .find_edge(*from, *to)
-                    .ok_or(EntityError::EdgeNotFound { from: *from, to: *to })?;
-                from_node.position + (to_node.position - from_node.position) * (traversed / edge.distance)
-            }
-        };
-
-        Ok(Vec2::new(
-            pos.x + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.x as f32,
-            pos.y + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for Position {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Position::AtNode(0)
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-impl Position {
-    /// Returns `true` if the position is exactly at a node.
-    pub fn is_at_node(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Position::AtNode(_))
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the current or most recently departed node.
-    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    pub fn from_node_id(&self) -> NodeId {
-        match self {
-            Position::AtNode(id) => *id,
-            Position::BetweenNodes { from, .. } => *from,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the destination node, if currently on an edge.
-    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    pub fn to_node_id(&self) -> Option<NodeId> {
-        match self {
-            Position::AtNode(_) => None,
-            Position::BetweenNodes { to, .. } => Some(*to),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if the traverser is stopped at a node.
-    pub fn is_stopped(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Position::AtNode(_))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A component for entities that have a velocity, with a direction and speed.
-#[derive(Default, Component)]
-pub struct Velocity {
-    pub direction: Direction,
-    pub next_direction: Option<(Direction, u8)>,
-    pub speed: Option<f32>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Bundle)]
-pub struct PlayerBundle {
-    pub player: PlayerControlled,
-    pub position: Position,
-    pub velocity: Velocity,
-    pub sprite: Renderable,
-    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
-}
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct GlobalState {
-    pub exit: bool,
-}
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct DeltaTime(pub f32);
-
-pub mod interact;
-pub mod render;

src/entity/graph.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 use glam::Vec2;
 
-use crate::ecs::NodeId;
+use crate::systems::movement::NodeId;
 
 use super::direction::Direction;
 
-/// Defines who can traverse a given edge.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
-pub enum EdgePermissions {
-    /// Anyone can use this edge.
-    #[default]
-    All,
-    /// Only ghosts can use this edge.
-    GhostsOnly,
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Defines who can traverse a given edge using flags for fast checking.
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+    pub struct TraversalFlags: u8 {
+        const PACMAN = 1 << 0;
+        const GHOST = 1 << 1;
+
+        /// Convenience flag for edges that all entities can use
+        const ALL = Self::PACMAN.bits() | Self::GHOST.bits();
+    }
 }
 
 /// Represents a directed edge from one node to another with a given weight (e.g., distance).
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct Edge {
     /// The cardinal direction of this edge.
     pub direction: Direction,
     /// Defines who is allowed to traverse this edge.
-    pub permissions: EdgePermissions,
+    pub traversal_flags: TraversalFlags,
 }
 
 /// Represents a node in the graph, defined by its position.
@@ -132,8 +136,8 @@ impl Graph {
             return Err("To node does not exist.");
         }
 
-        let edge_a = self.add_edge(from, to, replace, distance, direction, EdgePermissions::default());
-        let edge_b = self.add_edge(to, from, replace, distance, direction.opposite(), EdgePermissions::default());
+        let edge_a = self.add_edge(from, to, replace, distance, direction, TraversalFlags::ALL);
+        let edge_b = self.add_edge(to, from, replace, distance, direction.opposite(), TraversalFlags::ALL);
 
         if edge_a.is_err() && edge_b.is_err() {
             return Err("Failed to connect nodes in both directions.");
@@ -161,7 +165,7 @@ impl Graph {
         replace: bool,
         distance: Option<f32>,
         direction: Direction,
-        permissions: EdgePermissions,
+        traversal_flags: TraversalFlags,
     ) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
         let edge = Edge {
             target: to,
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ impl Graph {
                 }
             },
             direction,
-            permissions,
+            traversal_flags,
         };
 
         if from >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
@@ -219,6 +223,19 @@ impl Graph {
         self.nodes.len()
     }
 
+    /// Returns an iterator over all nodes in the graph.
+    pub fn nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Node> {
+        self.nodes.iter()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all edges in the graph.
+    pub fn edges(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (NodeId, Edge)> + '_ {
+        self.adjacency_list
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .flat_map(|(node_id, intersection)| intersection.edges().map(move |edge| (node_id, edge)))
+    }
+
     /// Finds a specific edge from a source node to a target node.
     pub fn find_edge(&self, from: NodeId, to: NodeId) -> Option<Edge> {
         self.adjacency_list.get(from)?.edges().find(|edge| edge.target == to)

src/entity/mod.rs

@@ -5,4 +5,3 @@ pub mod graph;
 pub mod item;
 pub mod pacman;
 pub mod r#trait;
-pub mod traversal;

src/entity/traversal.rs

@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-use tracing::error;
-
-use crate::ecs::{NodeId, Position};
-use crate::error::GameResult;
-
-use super::direction::Direction;
-use super::graph::{Edge, Graph};
-
-/// Manages an entity's movement through the graph.
-///
-/// A `Traverser` encapsulates the state of an entity's position and direction,
-/// providing a way to advance along the graph's paths based on a given distance.
-/// It also handles direction changes, buffering the next intended direction.
-pub struct Traverser {
-    /// The current position of the traverser in the graph.
-    pub position: Position,
-    /// The current direction of movement.
-    pub direction: Direction,
-    /// Buffered direction change with remaining frame count for timing.
-    ///
-    /// The `u8` value represents the number of frames remaining before
-    /// the buffered direction expires. This allows for responsive controls
-    /// by storing direction changes for a limited time.
-    pub next_direction: Option<(Direction, u8)>,
-}
-
-impl Traverser {
-    /// Sets the next direction for the traverser to take.
-    ///
-    /// The direction is buffered and will be applied at the next opportunity,
-    /// typically when the traverser reaches a new node. This allows for responsive
-    /// controls, as the new direction is stored for a limited time.
-    pub fn set_next_direction(&mut self, new_direction: Direction) {
-        if self.direction != new_direction {
-            self.next_direction = Some((new_direction, 30));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Advances the traverser along the graph by a specified distance.
-    ///
-    /// This method updates the traverser's position based on its current state
-    /// and the distance to travel.
-    ///
-    /// - If at a node, it checks for a buffered direction to start moving.
-    /// - If between nodes, it moves along the current edge.
-    /// - If it reaches a node, it attempts to transition to a new edge based on
-    ///   the buffered direction or by continuing straight.
-    /// - If no valid move is possible, it stops at the node.
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the movement is invalid (e.g., trying to move in an impossible direction).
-    pub fn advance<F>(&mut self, graph: &Graph, distance: f32, can_traverse: &F) -> GameResult<()>
-    where
-        F: Fn(Edge) -> bool,
-    {
-        // Decrement the remaining frames for the next direction
-        if let Some((direction, remaining)) = self.next_direction {
-            if remaining > 0 {
-                self.next_direction = Some((direction, remaining - 1));
-            } else {
-                self.next_direction = None;
-            }
-        }
-
-        match self.position {
-            Position::AtNode(node_id) => {
-                // We're not moving, but a buffered direction is available.
-                if let Some((next_direction, _)) = self.next_direction {
-                    if let Some(edge) = graph.find_edge_in_direction(node_id, next_direction) {
-                        if can_traverse(edge) {
-                            // Start moving in that direction
-                            self.position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                                from: node_id,
-                                to: edge.target,
-                                traversed: distance.max(0.0),
-                            };
-                            self.direction = next_direction;
-                        } else {
-                            return Err(crate::error::GameError::Entity(crate::error::EntityError::InvalidMovement(
-                                format!(
-                                    "Cannot traverse edge from {} to {} in direction {:?}",
-                                    node_id, edge.target, next_direction
-                                ),
-                            )));
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        return Err(crate::error::GameError::Entity(crate::error::EntityError::InvalidMovement(
-                            format!("No edge found in direction {:?} from node {}", next_direction, node_id),
-                        )));
-                    }
-
-                    self.next_direction = None; // Consume the buffered direction regardless of whether we started moving with it
-                }
-            }
-            Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, traversed } => {
-                // There is no point in any of the next logic if we don't travel at all
-                if distance <= 0.0 {
-                    return Ok(());
-                }
-
-                let edge = graph.find_edge(from, to).ok_or_else(|| {
-                    crate::error::GameError::Entity(crate::error::EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
-                        "Inconsistent state: Traverser is on a non-existent edge from {} to {}.",
-                        from, to
-                    )))
-                })?;
-
-                let new_traversed = traversed + distance;
-
-                if new_traversed < edge.distance {
-                    // Still on the same edge, just update the distance.
-                    self.position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                        from,
-                        to,
-                        traversed: new_traversed,
-                    };
-                } else {
-                    let overflow = new_traversed - edge.distance;
-                    let mut moved = false;
-
-                    // If we buffered a direction, try to find an edge in that direction
-                    if let Some((next_dir, _)) = self.next_direction {
-                        if let Some(edge) = graph.find_edge_in_direction(to, next_dir) {
-                            if can_traverse(edge) {
-                                self.position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                                    from: to,
-                                    to: edge.target,
-                                    traversed: overflow,
-                                };
-
-                                self.direction = next_dir; // Remember our new direction
-                                self.next_direction = None; // Consume the buffered direction
-                                moved = true;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    // If we didn't move, try to continue in the current direction
-                    if !moved {
-                        if let Some(edge) = graph.find_edge_in_direction(to, self.direction) {
-                            if can_traverse(edge) {
-                                self.position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                                    from: to,
-                                    to: edge.target,
-                                    traversed: overflow,
-                                };
-                            } else {
-                                self.position = Position::AtNode(to);
-                                self.next_direction = None;
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            self.position = Position::AtNode(to);
-                            self.next_direction = None;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}

src/events.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum GameCommand {
+    Exit,
+    MovePlayer(crate::entity::direction::Direction),
+    ToggleDebug,
+    MuteAudio,
+    ResetLevel,
+    TogglePause,
+}
+
+#[derive(Event, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum GameEvent {
+    Command(GameCommand),
+    Collision(Entity, Entity),
+}
+
+impl From<GameCommand> for GameEvent {
+    fn from(command: GameCommand) -> Self {
+        GameEvent::Command(command)
+    }
+}

src/game/events.rs

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::event::Event;
-
-use crate::input::commands::GameCommand;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Event)]
-pub enum GameEvent {
-    Command(GameCommand),
-}
-
-impl From<GameCommand> for GameEvent {
-    fn from(command: GameCommand) -> Self {
-        GameEvent::Command(command)
-    }
-}

src/game/mod.rs

@@ -3,38 +3,50 @@
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/atlas_data.rs"));
 
 use crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
-use crate::ecs::interact::{interact_system, movement_system};
-use crate::ecs::render::{directional_render_system, render_system, BackbufferResource, MapTextureResource};
-use crate::ecs::{DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, GlobalState, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, Position, Renderable, Velocity};
 use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
-use crate::entity::{graph, traversal};
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
-use crate::input::commands::GameCommand;
+use crate::events::GameEvent;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::blinking::Blinking;
+use crate::systems::movement::{Movable, MovementState, Position};
+use crate::systems::{
+    blinking::blinking_system,
+    collision::collision_system,
+    components::{
+        Collider, CollisionLayer, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, EntityType, GlobalState, ItemBundle, ItemCollider,
+        PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, RenderDirty, Renderable, Score, ScoreResource,
+    },
+    control::player_system,
+    debug::{debug_render_system, DebugState, DebugTextureResource},
+    input::input_system,
+    movement::movement_system,
+    profiling::{profile, SystemTimings},
+    render::{directional_render_system, dirty_render_system, render_system, BackbufferResource, MapTextureResource},
+};
 use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
-use crate::texture::directional::DirectionalAnimatedTexture;
-use crate::texture::sprite::Sprite;
-use bevy_ecs::event::EventRegistry;
-use bevy_ecs::observer::Trigger;
 use bevy_ecs::schedule::IntoScheduleConfigs;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, ResMut};
-use bevy_ecs::{schedule::Schedule, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::system::NonSendMut;
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    event::EventRegistry,
+    observer::Trigger,
+    schedule::Schedule,
+    system::{Res, ResMut},
+    world::World,
+};
 use sdl2::image::LoadTexture;
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, ScaleMode, Texture, TextureCreator};
+use sdl2::render::{Canvas, ScaleMode, TextureCreator};
 use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
 use sdl2::EventPump;
 
-use crate::asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset};
-use crate::input::{handle_input, Bindings};
-use crate::map::render::MapRenderer;
 use crate::{
+    asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
     constants,
-    texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas},
+    events::GameCommand,
+    map::render::MapRenderer,
+    systems::input::Bindings,
+    texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, SpriteAtlas},
 };
 
-use self::events::GameEvent;
-
-pub mod events;
 pub mod state;
 
 /// The `Game` struct is the main entry point for the game.
@@ -68,6 +80,13 @@ impl Game {
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
         map_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
 
+        // Create debug texture at output resolution for crisp debug rendering
+        let output_size = canvas.output_size().unwrap();
+        let mut debug_texture = texture_creator
+            .create_texture_target(None, output_size.0, output_size.1)
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        debug_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
+
         // Load atlas and create map texture
         let atlas_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Atlas)?;
         let atlas_texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).map_err(|e| {
@@ -96,7 +115,7 @@ impl Game {
         // Render map to texture
         canvas
             .with_texture_canvas(&mut map_texture, |map_canvas| {
-                MapRenderer::render_map(map_canvas, &mut atlas, &mut map_tiles);
+                MapRenderer::render_map(map_canvas, &mut atlas, &map_tiles);
             })
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
@@ -131,21 +150,32 @@ impl Game {
 
         let player = PlayerBundle {
             player: PlayerControlled,
-            position: Position::AtNode(pacman_start_node),
-            velocity: Velocity {
-                direction: Direction::Up,
-                next_direction: None,
-                speed: Some(1.0),
+            position: Position {
+                node: pacman_start_node,
+                edge_progress: None,
+            },
+            movement_state: MovementState::Stopped,
+            movable: Movable {
+                speed: 1.15,
+                current_direction: Direction::Left,
+                requested_direction: Some(Direction::Left), // Start moving left immediately
             },
             sprite: Renderable {
                 sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "pacman/full.png")
                     .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("pacman/full.png".to_string())))?,
                 layer: 0,
+                visible: true,
             },
             directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
                 textures,
                 stopped_textures,
             },
+            entity_type: EntityType::Player,
+            collider: Collider {
+                size: constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.1,
+                layer: CollisionLayer::PACMAN,
+            },
+            pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
         };
 
         world.insert_non_send_resource(atlas);
@@ -153,35 +183,109 @@ impl Game {
         world.insert_non_send_resource(canvas);
         world.insert_non_send_resource(BackbufferResource(backbuffer));
         world.insert_non_send_resource(MapTextureResource(map_texture));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(DebugTextureResource(debug_texture));
 
         world.insert_resource(map);
         world.insert_resource(GlobalState { exit: false });
+        world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(0));
+        world.insert_resource(SystemTimings::default());
         world.insert_resource(Bindings::default());
         world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(0f32));
+        world.insert_resource(RenderDirty::default());
+        world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
 
-        world.add_observer(|event: Trigger<GameEvent>, mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>| match *event {
-            GameEvent::Command(command) => match command {
-                GameCommand::Exit => {
-                    state.exit = true;
-                }
-                _ => {}
+        world.add_observer(
+            |event: Trigger<GameEvent>, mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>, _score: ResMut<ScoreResource>| match *event {
+                GameEvent::Command(command) => match command {
+                    GameCommand::Exit => {
+                        state.exit = true;
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                },
+                GameEvent::Collision(_a, _b) => {}
             },
-        });
-
+        );
         schedule.add_systems(
             (
-                handle_input,
-                interact_system,
-                movement_system,
-                directional_render_system,
-                render_system,
+                profile("input", input_system),
+                profile("player", player_system),
+                profile("movement", movement_system),
+                profile("collision", collision_system),
+                profile("blinking", blinking_system),
+                profile("directional_render", directional_render_system),
+                profile("dirty_render", dirty_render_system),
+                profile("render", render_system),
+                profile("debug_render", debug_render_system),
+                profile(
+                    "present",
+                    |mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+                     backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+                     debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+                     mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>| {
+                        if dirty.0 {
+                            // Only copy backbuffer to main canvas if debug rendering is off
+                            // (debug rendering draws directly to main canvas)
+                            if *debug_state == DebugState::Off {
+                                canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+                            }
+                            dirty.0 = false;
+                            canvas.present();
+                        }
+                    },
+                ),
             )
                 .chain(),
         );
-
         // Spawn player
         world.spawn(player);
 
+        // Spawn items
+        let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/pellet.png")
+            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/pellet.png".to_string())))?;
+        let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/energizer.png")
+            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/energizer.png".to_string())))?;
+
+        let nodes: Vec<_> = world.resource::<Map>().iter_nodes().map(|(id, tile)| (*id, *tile)).collect();
+
+        for (node_id, tile) in nodes {
+            let (item_type, score, sprite, size) = match tile {
+                crate::constants::MapTile::Pellet => (EntityType::Pellet, 10, pellet_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.2),
+                crate::constants::MapTile::PowerPellet => (
+                    EntityType::PowerPellet,
+                    50,
+                    energizer_sprite,
+                    constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.9,
+                ),
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+
+            let mut item = world.spawn(ItemBundle {
+                position: Position {
+                    node: node_id,
+                    edge_progress: None,
+                },
+                sprite: Renderable {
+                    sprite,
+                    layer: 1,
+                    visible: true,
+                },
+                entity_type: item_type,
+                score: Score(score),
+                collider: Collider {
+                    size,
+                    layer: CollisionLayer::ITEM,
+                },
+                item_collider: ItemCollider,
+            });
+
+            if item_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
+                item.insert(Blinking {
+                    timer: 0.0,
+                    interval: 0.2,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
         Ok(Game { world, schedule })
     }
 
@@ -215,7 +319,6 @@ impl Game {
     //         match event {
     //             GameEvent::Command(command) => self.handle_command(command),
     //         }
-    //     }
     // }
 
     // /// Resets the game state, randomizing ghost positions and resetting Pac-Man

src/input/commands.rs

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum GameCommand {
-    MovePlayer(Direction),
-    Exit,
-    TogglePause,
-    ToggleDebug,
-    MuteAudio,
-    ResetLevel,
-}

src/lib.rs

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ pub mod app;
 pub mod asset;
 pub mod audio;
 pub mod constants;
-pub mod ecs;
 pub mod entity;
 pub mod error;
+pub mod events;
 pub mod game;
 pub mod helpers;
-pub mod input;
 pub mod map;
 pub mod platform;
+pub mod systems;
 pub mod texture;

src/main.rs

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ mod asset;
 mod audio;
 mod constants;
 
-mod ecs;
 mod entity;
 mod error;
+mod events;
 mod game;
 mod helpers;
-mod input;
 mod map;
 mod platform;
+mod systems;
 mod texture;
 
 /// The main entry point of the application.

src/map/builder.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 //! Map construction and building functionality.
-
-use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, RAW_BOARD};
-use crate::ecs::NodeId;
+use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE};
 use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
-use crate::entity::graph::{EdgePermissions, Graph, Node};
+use crate::entity::graph::{Graph, Node, TraversalFlags};
 use crate::map::parser::MapTileParser;
 use crate::map::render::MapRenderer;
-use crate::texture::sprite::{Sprite, SpriteAtlas};
+use crate::systems::movement::NodeId;
+use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
 use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@ pub struct Map {
     pub grid_to_node: HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
     /// A mapping of the starting positions of the entities.
     pub start_positions: NodePositions,
+    /// The raw tile data for the map.
+    tiles: [[MapTile; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize],
 }
 
 impl Map {
@@ -153,46 +154,16 @@ impl Map {
             graph,
             grid_to_node,
             start_positions,
+            tiles: map,
         })
     }
 
-    /// Generates Item entities for pellets and energizers from the parsed map.
-    // pub fn generate_items(&self, atlas: &SpriteAtlas) -> GameResult<Vec<Item>> {
-    //     // Pre-load sprites to avoid repeated texture lookups
-    //     let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, "maze/pellet.png")
-    //         .ok_or_else(|| MapError::InvalidConfig("Pellet texture not found".to_string()))?;
-    //     let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, "maze/energizer.png")
-    //         .ok_or_else(|| MapError::InvalidConfig("Energizer texture not found".to_string()))?;
-
-    //     // Pre-allocate with estimated capacity (typical Pac-Man maps have ~240 pellets + 4 energizers)
-    //     let mut items = Vec::with_capacity(250);
-
-    //     // Parse the raw board once
-    //     let parsed_map = MapTileParser::parse_board(RAW_BOARD)?;
-    //     let map = parsed_map.tiles;
-
-    //     // Iterate through the map and collect items more efficiently
-    //     for (x, row) in map.iter().enumerate() {
-    //         for (y, tile) in row.iter().enumerate() {
-    //             match tile {
-    //                 MapTile::Pellet | MapTile::PowerPellet => {
-    //                     let grid_pos = IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32);
-    //                     if let Some(&node_id) = self.grid_to_node.get(&grid_pos) {
-    //                         let (item_type, sprite) = match tile {
-    //                             MapTile::Pellet => (ItemType::Pellet, Sprite::new(pellet_sprite)),
-    //                             MapTile::PowerPellet => (ItemType::Energizer, Sprite::new(energizer_sprite)),
-    //                             _ => unreachable!(), // We already filtered for these types
-    //                         };
-    //                         items.push(Item::new(node_id, item_type, sprite));
-    //                     }
-    //                 }
-    //                 _ => {}
-    //             }
-    //         }
-    //     }
-
-    //     Ok(items)
-    // }
+    pub fn iter_nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&NodeId, &MapTile)> {
+        self.grid_to_node.iter().map(move |(pos, node_id)| {
+            let tile = &self.tiles[pos.x as usize][pos.y as usize];
+            (node_id, tile)
+        })
+    }
 
     /// Renders a debug visualization with cursor-based highlighting.
     ///
@@ -294,7 +265,7 @@ impl Map {
                 false,
                 None,
                 Direction::Down,
-                EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly,
+                TraversalFlags::GHOST,
             )
             .map_err(|e| MapError::InvalidConfig(format!("Failed to create ghost-only entrance to house: {e}")))?;
 
@@ -305,7 +276,7 @@ impl Map {
                 false,
                 None,
                 Direction::Up,
-                EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly,
+                TraversalFlags::GHOST,
             )
             .map_err(|e| MapError::InvalidConfig(format!("Failed to create ghost-only exit from house: {e}")))?;
 

src/map/render.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl MapRenderer {
     ///
     /// This function draws the static map texture to the screen at the correct
     /// position and scale.
-    pub fn render_map<T: RenderTarget>(canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, map_tiles: &mut [AtlasTile]) {
+    pub fn render_map<T: RenderTarget>(canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, map_tiles: &[AtlasTile]) {
         for (y, row) in TILE_MAP.iter().enumerate() {
             for (x, &tile_index) in row.iter().enumerate() {
                 let mut tile = map_tiles[tile_index];

src/systems/blinking.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    component::Component,
+    system::{Query, Res},
+};
+
+use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, Renderable};
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Blinking {
+    pub timer: f32,
+    pub interval: f32,
+}
+
+/// Updates blinking entities by toggling their visibility at regular intervals.
+///
+/// This system manages entities that have both `Blinking` and `Renderable` components,
+/// accumulating time and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
+pub fn blinking_system(time: Res<DeltaTime>, mut query: Query<(&mut Blinking, &mut Renderable)>) {
+    for (mut blinking, mut renderable) in query.iter_mut() {
+        blinking.timer += time.0;
+
+        if blinking.timer >= blinking.interval {
+            blinking.timer = 0.0;
+            renderable.visible = !renderable.visible;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/collision.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
+use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::query::With;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+
+use crate::error::GameError;
+use crate::events::GameEvent;
+use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::components::{Collider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider};
+use crate::systems::movement::Position;
+
+pub fn collision_system(
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    pacman_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider), With<PacmanCollider>>,
+    item_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider), With<ItemCollider>>,
+    mut events: EventWriter<GameEvent>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    // Check PACMAN × ITEM collisions
+    for (pacman_entity, pacman_pos, pacman_collider) in pacman_query.iter() {
+        for (item_entity, item_pos, item_collider) in item_query.iter() {
+            match (pacman_pos.get_pixel_pos(&map.graph), item_pos.get_pixel_pos(&map.graph)) {
+                (Ok(pacman_pixel), Ok(item_pixel)) => {
+                    // Calculate the distance between the two entities's precise pixel positions
+                    let distance = pacman_pixel.distance(item_pixel);
+                    // Calculate the distance at which the two entities will collide
+                    let collision_distance = (pacman_collider.size + item_collider.size) / 2.0;
+
+                    // If the distance between the two entities is less than the collision distance, then the two entities are colliding
+                    if distance < collision_distance {
+                        events.write(GameEvent::Collision(pacman_entity, item_entity));
+                    }
+                }
+                // Either or both of the pixel positions failed to get, so we need to report the error
+                (result_a, result_b) => {
+                    for result in [result_a, result_b] {
+                        if let Err(e) = result {
+                            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
+                                "Collision system failed to get pixel positions for entities {:?} and {:?}: {}",
+                                pacman_entity, item_entity, e
+                            )));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/components.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{bundle::Bundle, component::Component, resource::Resource};
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+
+use crate::{
+    entity::graph::TraversalFlags,
+    systems::movement::{Movable, MovementState, Position},
+    texture::{animated::AnimatedTexture, sprite::AtlasTile},
+};
+
+/// A tag component for entities that are controlled by the player.
+#[derive(Default, Component)]
+pub struct PlayerControlled;
+
+/// A tag component denoting the type of entity.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum EntityType {
+    Player,
+    Ghost,
+    Pellet,
+    PowerPellet,
+}
+
+impl EntityType {
+    /// Returns the traversal flags for this entity type.
+    pub fn traversal_flags(&self) -> TraversalFlags {
+        match self {
+            EntityType::Player => TraversalFlags::PACMAN,
+            EntityType::Ghost => TraversalFlags::GHOST,
+            _ => TraversalFlags::empty(), // Static entities don't traverse
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A component for entities that have a sprite, with a layer for ordering.
+///
+/// This is intended to be modified by other entities allowing animation.
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Renderable {
+    pub sprite: AtlasTile,
+    pub layer: u8,
+    pub visible: bool,
+}
+
+/// A component for entities that have a directional animated texture.
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct DirectionalAnimated {
+    pub textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
+    pub stopped_textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    #[derive(Component, Default, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+    pub struct CollisionLayer: u8 {
+        const PACMAN = 1 << 0;
+        const GHOST = 1 << 1;
+        const ITEM = 1 << 2;
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Collider {
+    pub size: f32,
+    pub layer: CollisionLayer,
+}
+
+/// Marker components for collision filtering optimization
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct PacmanCollider;
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct GhostCollider;
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct ItemCollider;
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Score(pub u32);
+
+#[derive(Bundle)]
+pub struct PlayerBundle {
+    pub player: PlayerControlled,
+    pub position: Position,
+    pub movement_state: MovementState,
+    pub movable: Movable,
+    pub sprite: Renderable,
+    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
+    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
+}
+
+#[derive(Bundle)]
+pub struct ItemBundle {
+    pub position: Position,
+    pub sprite: Renderable,
+    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub score: Score,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub item_collider: ItemCollider,
+}
+
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct GlobalState {
+    pub exit: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct ScoreResource(pub u32);
+
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct DeltaTime(pub f32);
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default)]
+pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);

src/systems/control.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
+    prelude::ResMut,
+    query::With,
+    system::Query,
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    error::GameError,
+    events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
+    systems::components::{GlobalState, PlayerControlled},
+    systems::debug::DebugState,
+    systems::movement::Movable,
+};
+
+// Handles player input and control
+pub fn player_system(
+    mut events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
+    mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>,
+    mut debug_state: ResMut<DebugState>,
+    mut players: Query<&mut Movable, With<PlayerControlled>>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    // Get the player's movable component (ensuring there is only one player)
+    let mut movable = match players.single_mut() {
+        Ok(movable) => movable,
+        Err(e) => {
+            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!("No/multiple entities queried for player system: {}", e)).into());
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Handle events
+    for event in events.read() {
+        if let GameEvent::Command(command) = event {
+            match command {
+                GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
+                    movable.requested_direction = Some(*direction);
+                }
+                GameCommand::Exit => {
+                    state.exit = true;
+                }
+                GameCommand::ToggleDebug => {
+                    *debug_state = debug_state.next();
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/debug.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+//! Debug rendering system
+use crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET;
+use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::components::Collider;
+use crate::systems::movement::Position;
+use crate::systems::render::BackbufferResource;
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::rect::Rect;
+use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
+use sdl2::video::Window;
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum DebugState {
+    #[default]
+    Off,
+    Graph,
+    Collision,
+}
+
+impl DebugState {
+    pub fn next(&self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            DebugState::Off => DebugState::Graph,
+            DebugState::Graph => DebugState::Collision,
+            DebugState::Collision => DebugState::Off,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Resource to hold the debug texture for persistent rendering
+pub struct DebugTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
+
+/// Transforms a position from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates
+fn transform_position(pos: (f32, f32), output_size: (u32, u32), logical_size: (u32, u32)) -> (i32, i32) {
+    let scale_x = output_size.0 as f32 / logical_size.0 as f32;
+    let scale_y = output_size.1 as f32 / logical_size.1 as f32;
+    let scale = scale_x.min(scale_y); // Use the smaller scale to maintain aspect ratio
+
+    let x = (pos.0 * scale) as i32;
+    let y = (pos.1 * scale) as i32;
+    (x, y)
+}
+
+/// Transforms a position from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates (with board offset)
+fn transform_position_with_offset(pos: (f32, f32), output_size: (u32, u32), logical_size: (u32, u32)) -> (i32, i32) {
+    let scale_x = output_size.0 as f32 / logical_size.0 as f32;
+    let scale_y = output_size.1 as f32 / logical_size.1 as f32;
+    let scale = scale_x.min(scale_y); // Use the smaller scale to maintain aspect ratio
+
+    let x = ((pos.0 + BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.x as f32) * scale) as i32;
+    let y = ((pos.1 + BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32) * scale) as i32;
+    (x, y)
+}
+
+/// Transforms a size from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates
+fn transform_size(size: f32, output_size: (u32, u32), logical_size: (u32, u32)) -> u32 {
+    let scale_x = output_size.0 as f32 / logical_size.0 as f32;
+    let scale_y = output_size.1 as f32 / logical_size.1 as f32;
+    let scale = scale_x.min(scale_y); // Use the smaller scale to maintain aspect ratio
+
+    (size * scale) as u32
+}
+
+pub fn debug_render_system(
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
+    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    colliders: Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
+) {
+    if *debug_state == DebugState::Off {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Get canvas sizes for coordinate transformation
+    let output_size = canvas.output_size().unwrap();
+    let logical_size = canvas.logical_size();
+
+    // Copy the current backbuffer to the debug texture
+    canvas
+        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
+            // Clear the debug canvas
+            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLACK);
+            debug_canvas.clear();
+
+            // Copy the backbuffer to the debug canvas
+            debug_canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // Draw debug info on the high-resolution debug texture
+    canvas
+        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| match *debug_state {
+            DebugState::Graph => {
+                debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RED);
+                for (start_node, end_node) in map.graph.edges() {
+                    let start_node = map.graph.get_node(start_node).unwrap().position;
+                    let end_node = map.graph.get_node(end_node.target).unwrap().position;
+
+                    // Transform positions using common method
+                    let (start_x, start_y) =
+                        transform_position_with_offset((start_node.x, start_node.y), output_size, logical_size);
+                    let (end_x, end_y) = transform_position_with_offset((end_node.x, end_node.y), output_size, logical_size);
+
+                    debug_canvas.draw_line((start_x, start_y), (end_x, end_y)).unwrap();
+                }
+
+                debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLUE);
+                for node in map.graph.nodes() {
+                    let pos = node.position;
+
+                    // Transform position using common method
+                    let (x, y) = transform_position_with_offset((pos.x, pos.y), output_size, logical_size);
+                    let size = transform_size(4.0, output_size, logical_size);
+
+                    debug_canvas
+                        .fill_rect(Rect::new(x - (size as i32 / 2), y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size))
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+            DebugState::Collision => {
+                debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::GREEN);
+                for (collider, position) in colliders.iter() {
+                    let pos = position.get_pixel_pos(&map.graph).unwrap();
+
+                    // Transform position and size using common methods
+                    let (x, y) = transform_position((pos.x, pos.y), output_size, logical_size);
+                    let size = transform_size(collider.size, output_size, logical_size);
+
+                    // Center the collision box on the entity
+                    let rect = Rect::new(x - (size as i32 / 2), y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size);
+                    debug_canvas.draw_rect(rect).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // Draw the debug texture directly onto the main canvas at full resolution
+    canvas.copy(&debug_texture.0, None, None).unwrap();
+}

src/systems/input.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use bevy_ecs::{
-    event::EventWriter,
-    resource::Resource,
-    system::{Commands, NonSendMut, Res},
-};
+use bevy_ecs::{event::EventWriter, prelude::Res, resource::Resource, system::NonSendMut};
 use sdl2::{event::Event, keyboard::Keycode, EventPump};
 
-use crate::{entity::direction::Direction, game::events::GameEvent, input::commands::GameCommand};
-
-pub mod commands;
+use crate::{
+    entity::direction::Direction,
+    events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
+};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Resource)]
 pub struct Bindings {
@@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ impl Default for Bindings {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn handle_input(bindings: Res<Bindings>, mut writer: EventWriter<GameEvent>, mut pump: NonSendMut<&'static mut EventPump>) {
+pub fn input_system(bindings: Res<Bindings>, mut writer: EventWriter<GameEvent>, mut pump: NonSendMut<&'static mut EventPump>) {
     for event in pump.poll_iter() {
         match event {
             Event::Quit { .. } => {
@@ -51,7 +48,6 @@ pub fn handle_input(bindings: Res<Bindings>, mut writer: EventWriter<GameEvent>,
             Event::KeyDown { keycode: Some(key), .. } => {
                 let command = bindings.key_bindings.get(&key).copied();
                 if let Some(command) = command {
-                    tracing::info!("triggering command: {:?}", command);
                     writer.write(GameEvent::Command(command));
                 }
             }

src/systems/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//! The Entity-Component-System (ECS) module.
+//!
+//! This module contains all the ECS-related logic, including components, systems,
+//! and resources.
+
+pub mod blinking;
+pub mod collision;
+pub mod components;
+pub mod control;
+pub mod debug;
+pub mod input;
+pub mod movement;
+pub mod profiling;
+pub mod render;

src/systems/movement.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+use crate::entity::graph::Graph;
+use crate::entity::{direction::Direction, graph::Edge};
+use crate::error::{EntityError, GameError, GameResult};
+use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, EntityType};
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
+use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+use glam::Vec2;
+
+/// A unique identifier for a node, represented by its index in the graph's storage.
+pub type NodeId = usize;
+
+/// Progress along an edge between two nodes.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub struct EdgeProgress {
+    pub target_node: NodeId,
+    /// Progress from 0.0 (at source node) to 1.0 (at target node)
+    pub progress: f32,
+}
+
+/// Pure spatial position component - works for both static and dynamic entities.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Position {
+    /// The current/primary node this entity is at or traveling from
+    pub node: NodeId,
+    /// If Some, entity is traveling between nodes. If None, entity is stationary at node.
+    pub edge_progress: Option<EdgeProgress>,
+}
+
+/// Explicit movement state - only for entities that can move.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum MovementState {
+    Stopped,
+    Moving { direction: Direction },
+}
+
+/// Movement capability and parameters - only for entities that can move.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Movable {
+    pub speed: f32,
+    pub current_direction: Direction,
+    pub requested_direction: Option<Direction>,
+}
+
+impl Position {
+    /// Calculates the current pixel position in the game world.
+    ///
+    /// Converts the graph position to screen coordinates, accounting for
+    /// the board offset and centering the sprite.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns an `EntityError` if the node or edge is not found.
+    pub fn get_pixel_pos(&self, graph: &Graph) -> GameResult<Vec2> {
+        let pos = match &self.edge_progress {
+            None => {
+                // Entity is stationary at a node
+                let node = graph.get_node(self.node).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(self.node))?;
+                node.position
+            }
+            Some(edge_progress) => {
+                // Entity is traveling between nodes
+                let from_node = graph.get_node(self.node).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(self.node))?;
+                let to_node = graph
+                    .get_node(edge_progress.target_node)
+                    .ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(edge_progress.target_node))?;
+
+                // For zero-distance edges (tunnels), progress >= 1.0 means we're at the target
+                if edge_progress.progress >= 1.0 {
+                    to_node.position
+                } else {
+                    // Interpolate position based on progress
+                    from_node.position + (to_node.position - from_node.position) * edge_progress.progress
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(Vec2::new(
+            pos.x + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.x as f32,
+            pos.y + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Position {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Position {
+            node: 0,
+            edge_progress: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl Position {
+    /// Returns `true` if the position is exactly at a node (not traveling).
+    pub fn is_at_node(&self) -> bool {
+        self.edge_progress.is_none()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the current node (source of travel if moving).
+    pub fn current_node(&self) -> NodeId {
+        self.node
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the destination node, if currently traveling.
+    pub fn target_node(&self) -> Option<NodeId> {
+        self.edge_progress.as_ref().map(|ep| ep.target_node)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the entity is traveling between nodes.
+    pub fn is_moving(&self) -> bool {
+        self.edge_progress.is_some()
+    }
+}
+
+fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
+    let entity_flags = entity_type.traversal_flags();
+    edge.traversal_flags.contains(entity_flags)
+}
+
+pub fn movement_system(
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut entities: Query<(&mut MovementState, &mut Movable, &mut Position, &EntityType)>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    for (mut movement_state, mut movable, mut position, entity_type) in entities.iter_mut() {
+        let distance = movable.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+
+        match *movement_state {
+            MovementState::Stopped => {
+                // Check if we have a requested direction to start moving
+                if let Some(requested_direction) = movable.requested_direction {
+                    if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.node, requested_direction) {
+                        if can_traverse(*entity_type, edge) {
+                            // Start moving in the requested direction
+                            let progress = if edge.distance > 0.0 {
+                                distance / edge.distance
+                            } else {
+                                // Zero-distance edge (tunnels) - immediately teleport
+                                tracing::debug!("Entity entering tunnel from node {} to node {}", position.node, edge.target);
+                                1.0
+                            };
+
+                            position.edge_progress = Some(EdgeProgress {
+                                target_node: edge.target,
+                                progress,
+                            });
+                            movable.current_direction = requested_direction;
+                            movable.requested_direction = None;
+                            *movement_state = MovementState::Moving {
+                                direction: requested_direction,
+                            };
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        errors.write(
+                            EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
+                                "No edge found in direction {:?} from node {}",
+                                requested_direction, position.node
+                            ))
+                            .into(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            MovementState::Moving { direction } => {
+                // Continue moving or handle node transitions
+                let current_node = position.node;
+                if let Some(edge_progress) = &mut position.edge_progress {
+                    // Extract target node before mutable operations
+                    let target_node = edge_progress.target_node;
+
+                    // Get the current edge for distance calculation
+                    let edge = map.graph.find_edge(current_node, target_node);
+
+                    if let Some(edge) = edge {
+                        // Update progress along the edge
+                        if edge.distance > 0.0 {
+                            edge_progress.progress += distance / edge.distance;
+                        } else {
+                            // Zero-distance edge (tunnels) - immediately complete
+                            edge_progress.progress = 1.0;
+                        }
+
+                        if edge_progress.progress >= 1.0 {
+                            // Reached the target node
+                            let overflow = if edge.distance > 0.0 {
+                                (edge_progress.progress - 1.0) * edge.distance
+                            } else {
+                                // Zero-distance edge - use remaining distance for overflow
+                                distance
+                            };
+                            position.node = target_node;
+                            position.edge_progress = None;
+
+                            let mut continued_moving = false;
+
+                            // Try to use requested direction first
+                            if let Some(requested_direction) = movable.requested_direction {
+                                if let Some(next_edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.node, requested_direction) {
+                                    if can_traverse(*entity_type, next_edge) {
+                                        let next_progress = if next_edge.distance > 0.0 {
+                                            overflow / next_edge.distance
+                                        } else {
+                                            // Zero-distance edge - immediately complete
+                                            1.0
+                                        };
+
+                                        position.edge_progress = Some(EdgeProgress {
+                                            target_node: next_edge.target,
+                                            progress: next_progress,
+                                        });
+                                        movable.current_direction = requested_direction;
+                                        movable.requested_direction = None;
+                                        *movement_state = MovementState::Moving {
+                                            direction: requested_direction,
+                                        };
+                                        continued_moving = true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // If no requested direction or it failed, try to continue in current direction
+                            if !continued_moving {
+                                if let Some(next_edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.node, direction) {
+                                    if can_traverse(*entity_type, next_edge) {
+                                        let next_progress = if next_edge.distance > 0.0 {
+                                            overflow / next_edge.distance
+                                        } else {
+                                            // Zero-distance edge - immediately complete
+                                            1.0
+                                        };
+
+                                        position.edge_progress = Some(EdgeProgress {
+                                            target_node: next_edge.target,
+                                            progress: next_progress,
+                                        });
+                                        // Keep current direction and movement state
+                                        continued_moving = true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // If we couldn't continue moving, stop
+                            if !continued_moving {
+                                *movement_state = MovementState::Stopped;
+                                movable.requested_direction = None;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // Edge not found - this is an inconsistent state
+                        errors.write(
+                            EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
+                                "Inconsistent state: Moving on non-existent edge from {} to {}",
+                                current_node, target_node
+                            ))
+                            .into(),
+                        );
+                        *movement_state = MovementState::Stopped;
+                        position.edge_progress = None;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Movement state says moving but no edge progress - this shouldn't happen
+                    errors.write(EntityError::InvalidMovement("Entity in Moving state but no edge progress".to_string()).into());
+                    *movement_state = MovementState::Stopped;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/profiling.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::Resource;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{IntoSystem, System};
+use micromap::Map;
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+const TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 90; // 1.5 seconds at 60 FPS
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug)]
+pub struct SystemTimings {
+    pub timings: Mutex<Map<&'static str, VecDeque<Duration>, 15>>,
+}
+
+impl SystemTimings {
+    pub fn add_timing(&self, name: &'static str, duration: Duration) {
+        let mut timings = self.timings.lock();
+        let queue = timings.entry(name).or_insert_with(VecDeque::new);
+
+        queue.push_back(duration);
+        if queue.len() > TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE {
+            queue.pop_front();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_stats(&self) -> Map<&'static str, (Duration, Duration), 10> {
+        let timings = self.timings.lock();
+        let mut stats = Map::new();
+
+        for (name, queue) in timings.iter() {
+            if queue.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let durations: Vec<f64> = queue.iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0).collect();
+            let count = durations.len() as f64;
+
+            let sum: f64 = durations.iter().sum();
+            let mean = sum / count;
+
+            let variance = durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
+            let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
+
+            stats.insert(
+                *name,
+                (
+                    Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
+                    Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
+                ),
+            );
+        }
+
+        stats
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_total_stats(&self) -> (Duration, Duration) {
+        let timings = self.timings.lock();
+        let mut all_durations = Vec::new();
+
+        for queue in timings.values() {
+            all_durations.extend(queue.iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0));
+        }
+
+        if all_durations.is_empty() {
+            return (Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO);
+        }
+
+        let count = all_durations.len() as f64;
+        let sum: f64 = all_durations.iter().sum();
+        let mean = sum / count;
+
+        let variance = all_durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
+        let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
+
+        (
+            Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
+            Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn profile<S, M>(name: &'static str, system: S) -> impl FnMut(&mut bevy_ecs::world::World)
+where
+    S: IntoSystem<(), (), M> + 'static,
+{
+    let mut system: S::System = IntoSystem::into_system(system);
+    let mut is_initialized = false;
+    move |world: &mut bevy_ecs::world::World| {
+        if !is_initialized {
+            system.initialize(world);
+            is_initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        system.run((), world);
+        let duration = start.elapsed();
+
+        if let Some(timings) = world.get_resource::<SystemTimings>() {
+            timings.add_timing(name, duration);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/render.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,51 @@
-use crate::ecs::{DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, Position, Renderable, Velocity};
-use crate::error::{EntityError, GameError, TextureError};
+use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, RenderDirty, Renderable};
+use crate::systems::movement::{Movable, MovementState, Position};
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
 use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res};
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::{Changed, Or, RemovedComponents};
+use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res, ResMut};
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
 use sdl2::video::Window;
 
+pub fn dirty_render_system(
+    mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
+    changed_renderables: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>)>>,
+    removed_renderables: RemovedComponents<Renderable>,
+) {
+    if !changed_renderables.is_empty() || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
+        dirty.0 = true;
+    }
+}
+
 /// Updates the directional animated texture of an entity.
+///
+/// This runs before the render system so it can update the sprite based on the current direction of travel, as well as whether the entity is moving.
 pub fn directional_render_system(
     dt: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut renderables: Query<(&Velocity, &mut DirectionalAnimated, &mut Renderable)>,
+    mut renderables: Query<(&MovementState, &Movable, &mut DirectionalAnimated, &mut Renderable)>,
     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
-    for (velocity, mut texture, mut renderable) in renderables.iter_mut() {
-        let texture = if velocity.speed.is_none() {
-            texture.stopped_textures[velocity.direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+    for (movement_state, movable, mut texture, mut renderable) in renderables.iter_mut() {
+        let stopped = matches!(movement_state, MovementState::Stopped);
+        let current_direction = movable.current_direction;
+
+        let texture = if stopped {
+            texture.stopped_textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
         } else {
-            texture.textures[velocity.direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+            texture.textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
         };
 
         if let Some(texture) = texture {
-            texture.tick(dt.0);
-            renderable.sprite = *texture.current_tile();
+            if !stopped {
+                texture.tick(dt.0);
+            }
+            let new_tile = *texture.current_tile();
+            if renderable.sprite != new_tile {
+                renderable.sprite = new_tile;
+            }
         } else {
             errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Entity has no texture")).into());
             continue;
@@ -31,7 +53,10 @@ pub fn directional_render_system(
     }
 }
 
+/// A non-send resource for the map texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
 pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
+
+/// A non-send resource for the backbuffer texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
 pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture<'static>);
 
 pub fn render_system(
@@ -40,13 +65,13 @@ pub fn render_system(
     mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
     mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
     map: Res<Map>,
-    mut renderables: Query<(Entity, &mut Renderable, &Position)>,
+    dirty: Res<RenderDirty>,
+    renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position)>,
     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
-    // Clear the main canvas first
-    canvas.set_draw_color(sdl2::pixels::Color::BLACK);
-    canvas.clear();
-
+    if !dirty.0 {
+        return;
+    }
     // Render to backbuffer
     canvas
         .with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |backbuffer_canvas| {
@@ -55,13 +80,16 @@ pub fn render_system(
             backbuffer_canvas.clear();
 
             // Copy the pre-rendered map texture to the backbuffer
-            backbuffer_canvas
-                .copy(&map_texture.0, None, None)
-                .err()
-                .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
+            if let Err(e) = backbuffer_canvas.copy(&map_texture.0, None, None) {
+                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+            }
 
             // Render all entities to the backbuffer
-            for (_, mut renderable, position) in renderables.iter_mut() {
+            for (_, renderable, position) in renderables.iter() {
+                if !renderable.visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 let pos = position.get_pixel_pos(&map.graph);
                 match pos {
                     Ok(pos) => {
@@ -84,12 +112,4 @@ pub fn render_system(
         })
         .err()
         .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
-
-    // Copy backbuffer to main canvas and present
-    canvas
-        .copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None)
-        .err()
-        .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
-
-    canvas.present();
 }

src/texture/animated.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
-use sdl2::rect::Rect;
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
-
 use crate::error::{AnimatedTextureError, GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
-use crate::texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas};
+use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct AnimatedTexture {
@@ -40,12 +37,6 @@ impl AnimatedTexture {
         &self.tiles[self.current_frame]
     }
 
-    pub fn render<T: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, dest: Rect) -> GameResult<()> {
-        let mut tile = *self.current_tile();
-        tile.render(canvas, atlas, dest)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// Returns the current frame index.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn current_frame(&self) -> usize {

src/texture/directional.rs

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-use sdl2::rect::Rect;
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
-
-use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
-use crate::error::GameResult;
-use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
-use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct DirectionalAnimatedTexture {
-    textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
-    stopped_textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
-}
-
-impl DirectionalAnimatedTexture {
-    pub fn new(textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4], stopped_textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4]) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            textures,
-            stopped_textures,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) {
-        for texture in self.textures.iter_mut().flatten() {
-            texture.tick(dt);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn render<T: RenderTarget>(
-        &self,
-        canvas: &mut Canvas<T>,
-        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
-        dest: Rect,
-        direction: Direction,
-    ) -> GameResult<()> {
-        if let Some(texture) = &self.textures[direction.as_usize()] {
-            texture.render(canvas, atlas, dest)
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn render_stopped<T: RenderTarget>(
-        &self,
-        canvas: &mut Canvas<T>,
-        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
-        dest: Rect,
-        direction: Direction,
-    ) -> GameResult<()> {
-        if let Some(texture) = &self.stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] {
-            texture.render(canvas, atlas, dest)
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if the texture has a direction.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn has_direction(&self, direction: Direction) -> bool {
-        self.textures[direction.as_usize()].is_some()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if the texture has a stopped direction.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn has_stopped_direction(&self, direction: Direction) -> bool {
-        self.stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()].is_some()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of textures.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn texture_count(&self) -> usize {
-        self.textures.iter().filter(|t| t.is_some()).count()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of stopped textures.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn stopped_texture_count(&self) -> usize {
-        self.stopped_textures.iter().filter(|t| t.is_some()).count()
-    }
-}

src/texture/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 pub mod animated;
 pub mod blinking;
-pub mod directional;
 pub mod sprite;
 pub mod text;

src/texture/sprite.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
 use glam::U16Vec2;
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::Rect;
@@ -9,33 +8,6 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::error::TextureError;
 
-/// A simple sprite for stationary items like pellets and energizers.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct Sprite {
-    pub atlas_tile: AtlasTile,
-}
-
-impl Sprite {
-    pub fn new(atlas_tile: AtlasTile) -> Self {
-        Self { atlas_tile }
-    }
-
-    pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(
-        &self,
-        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
-        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
-        position: glam::Vec2,
-    ) -> Result<(), TextureError> {
-        let dest = crate::helpers::centered_with_size(
-            glam::IVec2::new(position.x as i32, position.y as i32),
-            glam::UVec2::new(self.atlas_tile.size.x as u32, self.atlas_tile.size.y as u32),
-        );
-        let mut tile = self.atlas_tile;
-        tile.render(canvas, atlas, dest)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct AtlasMapper {
     pub frames: HashMap<String, MapperFrame>,
@@ -49,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct MapperFrame {
     pub height: u16,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct AtlasTile {
     pub pos: U16Vec2,
     pub size: U16Vec2,
@@ -58,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct AtlasTile {
 
 impl AtlasTile {
     pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
         canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
         atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
         dest: Rect,
@@ -69,7 +41,7 @@ impl AtlasTile {
     }
 
     pub fn render_with_color<C: RenderTarget>(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
         canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
         atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
         dest: Rect,

src/texture/text.rs

@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ impl TextTexture {
         &self.char_map
     }
 
-    pub fn get_tile(&mut self, c: char, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas) -> Result<Option<&mut AtlasTile>> {
+    pub fn get_tile(&mut self, c: char, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas) -> Result<Option<&AtlasTile>> {
         if self.char_map.contains_key(&c) {
-            return Ok(self.char_map.get_mut(&c));
+            return Ok(self.char_map.get(&c));
         }
 
         if let Some(tile_name) = char_to_tile_name(c) {
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ impl TextTexture {
                 .get_tile(&tile_name)
                 .ok_or(GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(tile_name)))?;
             self.char_map.insert(c, tile);
-            Ok(self.char_map.get_mut(&c))
+            Ok(self.char_map.get(&c))
         } else {
             Ok(None)
         }

tests/collision.rs

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-use pacman::entity::collision::{Collidable, CollisionSystem};
-use pacman::entity::traversal::Position;
-
-struct MockCollidable {
-    pos: Position,
-}
-
-impl Collidable for MockCollidable {
-    fn position(&self) -> Position {
-        self.pos
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_is_colliding_with() {
-    let entity1 = MockCollidable {
-        pos: Position::AtNode(1),
-    };
-    let entity2 = MockCollidable {
-        pos: Position::AtNode(1),
-    };
-    let entity3 = MockCollidable {
-        pos: Position::AtNode(2),
-    };
-    let entity4 = MockCollidable {
-        pos: Position::BetweenNodes {
-            from: 1,
-            to: 2,
-            traversed: 0.5,
-        },
-    };
-
-    assert!(entity1.is_colliding_with(&entity2));
-    assert!(!entity1.is_colliding_with(&entity3));
-    assert!(entity1.is_colliding_with(&entity4));
-    assert!(entity3.is_colliding_with(&entity4));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_collision_system_register_and_query() {
-    let mut collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
-
-    let pos1 = Position::AtNode(1);
-    let entity1 = collision_system.register_entity(pos1);
-
-    let pos2 = Position::BetweenNodes {
-        from: 1,
-        to: 2,
-        traversed: 0.5,
-    };
-    let entity2 = collision_system.register_entity(pos2);
-
-    let pos3 = Position::AtNode(3);
-    let entity3 = collision_system.register_entity(pos3);
-
-    // Test entities_at_node
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity1, entity2]);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[entity2]);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(3), &[entity3]);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(4), &[] as &[u32]);
-
-    // Test potential_collisions
-    let mut collisions1 = collision_system.potential_collisions(&pos1);
-    collisions1.sort_unstable();
-    assert_eq!(collisions1, vec![entity1, entity2]);
-
-    let mut collisions2 = collision_system.potential_collisions(&pos2);
-    collisions2.sort_unstable();
-    assert_eq!(collisions2, vec![entity1, entity2]);
-
-    let mut collisions3 = collision_system.potential_collisions(&pos3);
-    collisions3.sort_unstable();
-    assert_eq!(collisions3, vec![entity3]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_collision_system_update() {
-    let mut collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
-
-    let entity1 = collision_system.register_entity(Position::AtNode(1));
-
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity1]);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[] as &[u32]);
-
-    collision_system.update_position(entity1, Position::AtNode(2));
-
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[] as &[u32]);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[entity1]);
-
-    collision_system.update_position(
-        entity1,
-        Position::BetweenNodes {
-            from: 2,
-            to: 3,
-            traversed: 0.1,
-        },
-    );
-
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[] as &[u32]);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[entity1]);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(3), &[entity1]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_collision_system_remove() {
-    let mut collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
-
-    let entity1 = collision_system.register_entity(Position::AtNode(1));
-    let entity2 = collision_system.register_entity(Position::AtNode(1));
-
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity1, entity2]);
-
-    collision_system.remove_entity(entity1);
-
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity2]);
-
-    collision_system.remove_entity(entity2);
-    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[] as &[u32]);
-}

tests/common/mod.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use pacman::{
     asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
-    game::state::ATLAS_FRAMES,
+    game::ATLAS_FRAMES,
     texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, SpriteAtlas},
 };
 use sdl2::{

tests/directional.rs

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::entity::direction::Direction;
-use pacman::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
-use pacman::texture::directional::DirectionalAnimatedTexture;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
-use sdl2::pixels::Color;
-
-fn mock_atlas_tile(id: u32) -> AtlasTile {
-    AtlasTile {
-        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
-        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
-        color: Some(Color::RGB(id as u8, 0, 0)),
-    }
-}
-
-fn mock_animated_texture(id: u32) -> AnimatedTexture {
-    AnimatedTexture::new(vec![mock_atlas_tile(id)], 0.1).expect("Invalid frame duration")
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_directional_texture_partial_directions() {
-    let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
-    textures[Direction::Up.as_usize()] = Some(mock_animated_texture(1));
-
-    let texture = DirectionalAnimatedTexture::new(textures, [None, None, None, None]);
-
-    assert_eq!(texture.texture_count(), 1);
-    assert!(texture.has_direction(Direction::Up));
-    assert!(!texture.has_direction(Direction::Down));
-    assert!(!texture.has_direction(Direction::Left));
-    assert!(!texture.has_direction(Direction::Right));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_directional_texture_all_directions() {
-    let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
-    let directions = [
-        (Direction::Up, 1),
-        (Direction::Down, 2),
-        (Direction::Left, 3),
-        (Direction::Right, 4),
-    ];
-
-    for (direction, id) in directions {
-        textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(mock_animated_texture(id));
-    }
-
-    let texture = DirectionalAnimatedTexture::new(textures, [None, None, None, None]);
-
-    assert_eq!(texture.texture_count(), 4);
-    for direction in &[Direction::Up, Direction::Down, Direction::Left, Direction::Right] {
-        assert!(texture.has_direction(*direction));
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_directional_texture_stopped() {
-    let mut stopped_textures = [None, None, None, None];
-    stopped_textures[Direction::Up.as_usize()] = Some(mock_animated_texture(1));
-
-    let texture = DirectionalAnimatedTexture::new([None, None, None, None], stopped_textures);
-
-    assert_eq!(texture.stopped_texture_count(), 1);
-    assert!(texture.has_stopped_direction(Direction::Up));
-    assert!(!texture.has_stopped_direction(Direction::Down));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_directional_texture_tick() {
-    let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
-    textures[Direction::Up.as_usize()] = Some(mock_animated_texture(1));
-    let mut texture = DirectionalAnimatedTexture::new(textures, [None, None, None, None]);
-
-    // This is a bit of a placeholder, since we can't inspect the inner state easily.
-    // We're just ensuring the tick method runs without panicking.
-    texture.tick(0.1);
-}

tests/game.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use pacman::constants::RAW_BOARD;
 use pacman::map::builder::Map;
 
-mod collision;
 mod item;
 
 #[test]

tests/ghost.rs

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-use pacman::entity::ghost::{Ghost, GhostType};
-use pacman::entity::graph::Graph;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-fn create_test_atlas() -> SpriteAtlas {
-    let mut frames = HashMap::new();
-    let directions = ["up", "down", "left", "right"];
-    let ghost_types = ["blinky", "pinky", "inky", "clyde"];
-
-    for ghost_type in &ghost_types {
-        for (i, dir) in directions.iter().enumerate() {
-            frames.insert(
-                format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost_type, dir, "a"),
-                MapperFrame {
-                    x: i as u16 * 16,
-                    y: 0,
-                    width: 16,
-                    height: 16,
-                },
-            );
-            frames.insert(
-                format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost_type, dir, "b"),
-                MapperFrame {
-                    x: i as u16 * 16,
-                    y: 16,
-                    width: 16,
-                    height: 16,
-                },
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
-    let dummy_texture = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
-    SpriteAtlas::new(dummy_texture, mapper)
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_ghost_creation() {
-    let graph = Graph::new();
-    let atlas = create_test_atlas();
-
-    let ghost = Ghost::new(&graph, 0, GhostType::Blinky, &atlas).unwrap();
-
-    assert_eq!(ghost.ghost_type, GhostType::Blinky);
-    assert_eq!(ghost.traverser.position.from_node_id(), 0);
-}

tests/graph.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use pacman::entity::direction::Direction;
-use pacman::entity::graph::{EdgePermissions, Graph, Node};
-use pacman::entity::traversal::{Position, Traverser};
+use pacman::entity::graph::{Graph, Node, TraversalFlags};
 
 fn create_test_graph() -> Graph {
     let mut graph = Graph::new();
@@ -79,11 +78,11 @@ fn test_graph_edge_permissions() {
     });
 
     graph
-        .add_edge(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly)
+        .add_edge(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::GHOST)
         .unwrap();
 
     let edge = graph.find_edge_in_direction(node1, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(edge.permissions, EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly);
+    assert_eq!(edge.traversal_flags, TraversalFlags::GHOST);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -119,21 +118,21 @@ fn should_error_on_negative_edge_distance() {
         position: glam::Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
     });
 
-    let result = graph.add_edge(node1, node2, false, Some(-1.0), Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::All);
+    let result = graph.add_edge(node1, node2, false, Some(-1.0), Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
     assert!(result.is_err());
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn should_error_on_duplicate_edge_without_replace() {
     let mut graph = create_test_graph();
-    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, false, None, Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::All);
+    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, false, None, Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
     assert!(result.is_err());
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn should_allow_replacing_an_edge() {
     let mut graph = create_test_graph();
-    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, true, Some(42.0), Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::All);
+    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, true, Some(42.0), Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
     assert!(result.is_ok());
 
     let edge = graph.find_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
@@ -150,68 +149,3 @@ fn should_find_edge_between_nodes() {
     let non_existent_edge = graph.find_edge(0, 99);
     assert!(non_existent_edge.is_none());
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn test_traverser_basic() {
-    let graph = create_test_graph();
-    let mut traverser = Traverser::new(&graph, 0, Direction::Left, &|_| true);
-
-    traverser.set_next_direction(Direction::Up);
-    assert!(traverser.next_direction.is_some());
-    assert_eq!(traverser.next_direction.unwrap().0, Direction::Up);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_traverser_advance() {
-    let graph = create_test_graph();
-    let mut traverser = Traverser::new(&graph, 0, Direction::Right, &|_| true);
-
-    traverser.advance(&graph, 5.0, &|_| true).unwrap();
-
-    match traverser.position {
-        Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, traversed } => {
-            assert_eq!(from, 0);
-            assert_eq!(to, 1);
-            assert_eq!(traversed, 5.0);
-        }
-        _ => panic!("Expected to be between nodes"),
-    }
-
-    traverser.advance(&graph, 3.0, &|_| true).unwrap();
-
-    match traverser.position {
-        Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, traversed } => {
-            assert_eq!(from, 0);
-            assert_eq!(to, 1);
-            assert_eq!(traversed, 8.0);
-        }
-        _ => panic!("Expected to be between nodes"),
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_traverser_with_permissions() {
-    let mut graph = Graph::new();
-    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node2 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
-    });
-
-    graph
-        .add_edge(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    // Pacman can't traverse ghost-only edges
-    let mut traverser = Traverser::new(&graph, node1, Direction::Right, &|edge| {
-        matches!(edge.permissions, EdgePermissions::All)
-    });
-
-    traverser
-        .advance(&graph, 5.0, &|edge| matches!(edge.permissions, EdgePermissions::All))
-        .unwrap();
-
-    // Should still be at the node since it can't traverse
-    assert!(traverser.position.is_at_node());
-}

tests/item.rs

@@ -1,53 +1,46 @@
-use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::{
-    entity::{
-        collision::Collidable,
-        item::{FruitKind, Item, ItemType},
-    },
-    texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, Sprite},
-};
-use strum::{EnumCount, IntoEnumIterator};
+// use glam::U16Vec2;
+// use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, Sprite};
 
-#[test]
-fn test_item_type_get_score() {
-    assert_eq!(ItemType::Pellet.get_score(), 10);
-    assert_eq!(ItemType::Energizer.get_score(), 50);
+// #[test]
+// fn test_item_type_get_score() {
+//     assert_eq!(ItemType::Pellet.get_score(), 10);
+//     assert_eq!(ItemType::Energizer.get_score(), 50);
 
-    let fruit = ItemType::Fruit { kind: FruitKind::Apple };
-    assert_eq!(fruit.get_score(), 100);
-}
+//     let fruit = ItemType::Fruit { kind: FruitKind::Apple };
+//     assert_eq!(fruit.get_score(), 100);
+// }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_fruit_kind_increasing_score() {
-    // Build a list of fruit kinds, sorted by their index
-    let mut kinds = FruitKind::iter()
-        .map(|kind| (kind.index(), kind.get_score()))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    kinds.sort_unstable_by_key(|(index, _)| *index);
+// #[test]
+// fn test_fruit_kind_increasing_score() {
+//     // Build a list of fruit kinds, sorted by their index
+//     let mut kinds = FruitKind::iter()
+//         .map(|kind| (kind.index(), kind.get_score()))
+//         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+//     kinds.sort_unstable_by_key(|(index, _)| *index);
 
-    assert_eq!(kinds.len(), FruitKind::COUNT);
+//     assert_eq!(kinds.len(), FruitKind::COUNT);
 
-    // Check that the score increases as expected
-    for window in kinds.windows(2) {
-        let ((_, prev), (_, next)) = (window[0], window[1]);
-        assert!(prev < next, "Fruits should have increasing scores, but {prev:?} < {next:?}");
-    }
-}
+//     // Check that the score increases as expected
+//     for window in kinds.windows(2) {
+//         let ((_, prev), (_, next)) = (window[0], window[1]);
+//         assert!(prev < next, "Fruits should have increasing scores, but {prev:?} < {next:?}");
+//     }
+// }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_item_creation_and_collection() {
-    let atlas_tile = AtlasTile {
-        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
-        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
-        color: None,
-    };
-    let sprite = Sprite::new(atlas_tile);
-    let mut item = Item::new(0, ItemType::Pellet, sprite);
+// #[test]
+// fn test_item_creation_and_collection() {
+//     let atlas_tile = AtlasTile {
+//         pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
+//         size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
+//         color: None,
+//     };
+//     let sprite = Sprite::new(atlas_tile);
+//     let mut item = Item::new(0, ItemType::Pellet, sprite);
 
-    assert!(!item.is_collected());
-    assert_eq!(item.get_score(), 10);
-    assert_eq!(item.position().from_node_id(), 0);
+//     assert!(!item.is_collected());
+//     assert_eq!(item.get_score(), 10);
+//     assert_eq!(item.position().from_node_id(), 0);
 
-    item.collect();
-    assert!(item.is_collected());
-}
+//     item.collect();
+//     assert!(item.is_collected());
+// }

tests/map_builder.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use glam::Vec2;
 use pacman::constants::{CELL_SIZE, RAW_BOARD};
 use pacman::map::builder::Map;
-use sdl2::render::Texture;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_map_creation() {
@@ -34,60 +33,60 @@ fn test_map_node_positions() {
     }
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_generate_items() {
-    use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
-    use std::collections::HashMap;
+// #[test]
+// fn test_generate_items() {
+//     use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
+//     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
+//     let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
 
-    // Create a minimal atlas for testing
-    let mut frames = HashMap::new();
-    frames.insert(
-        "maze/pellet.png".to_string(),
-        MapperFrame {
-            x: 0,
-            y: 0,
-            width: 8,
-            height: 8,
-        },
-    );
-    frames.insert(
-        "maze/energizer.png".to_string(),
-        MapperFrame {
-            x: 8,
-            y: 0,
-            width: 8,
-            height: 8,
-        },
-    );
+//     // Create a minimal atlas for testing
+//     let mut frames = HashMap::new();
+//     frames.insert(
+//         "maze/pellet.png".to_string(),
+//         MapperFrame {
+//             x: 0,
+//             y: 0,
+//             width: 8,
+//             height: 8,
+//         },
+//     );
+//     frames.insert(
+//         "maze/energizer.png".to_string(),
+//         MapperFrame {
+//             x: 8,
+//             y: 0,
+//             width: 8,
+//             height: 8,
+//         },
+//     );
 
-    let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
-    let texture = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, Texture<'static>>(0usize) };
-    let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(texture, mapper);
+//     let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
+//     let texture = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, Texture<'static>>(0usize) };
+//     let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(texture, mapper);
 
-    let items = map.generate_items(&atlas).unwrap();
+//     let items = map.generate_items(&atlas).unwrap();
 
-    // Verify we have items
-    assert!(!items.is_empty());
+//     // Verify we have items
+//     assert!(!items.is_empty());
 
-    // Count different types
-    let pellet_count = items
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Pellet))
-        .count();
-    let energizer_count = items
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Energizer))
-        .count();
+//     // Count different types
+//     let pellet_count = items
+//         .iter()
+//         .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Pellet))
+//         .count();
+//     let energizer_count = items
+//         .iter()
+//         .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Energizer))
+//         .count();
 
-    // Should have both types
-    assert_eq!(pellet_count, 240);
-    assert_eq!(energizer_count, 4);
+//     // Should have both types
+//     assert_eq!(pellet_count, 240);
+//     assert_eq!(energizer_count, 4);
 
-    // All items should be uncollected initially
-    assert!(items.iter().all(|item| !item.is_collected()));
+//     // All items should be uncollected initially
+//     assert!(items.iter().all(|item| !item.is_collected()));
 
-    // All items should have valid node indices
-    assert!(items.iter().all(|item| item.node_index < map.graph.node_count()));
-}
+//     // All items should have valid node indices
+//     assert!(items.iter().all(|item| item.node_index < map.graph.node_count()));
+// }

tests/pacman.rs

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-use pacman::entity::direction::Direction;
-use pacman::entity::graph::{Graph, Node};
-use pacman::entity::pacman::Pacman;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-fn create_test_graph() -> Graph {
-    let mut graph = Graph::new();
-    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node2 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node3 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 16.0),
-    });
-
-    graph.connect(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-    graph.connect(node1, node3, false, None, Direction::Down).unwrap();
-
-    graph
-}
-
-fn create_test_atlas() -> SpriteAtlas {
-    let mut frames = HashMap::new();
-    let directions = ["up", "down", "left", "right"];
-
-    for (i, dir) in directions.iter().enumerate() {
-        frames.insert(
-            format!("pacman/{dir}_a.png"),
-            MapperFrame {
-                x: i as u16 * 16,
-                y: 0,
-                width: 16,
-                height: 16,
-            },
-        );
-        frames.insert(
-            format!("pacman/{dir}_b.png"),
-            MapperFrame {
-                x: i as u16 * 16,
-                y: 16,
-                width: 16,
-                height: 16,
-            },
-        );
-    }
-
-    frames.insert(
-        "pacman/full.png".to_string(),
-        MapperFrame {
-            x: 64,
-            y: 0,
-            width: 16,
-            height: 16,
-        },
-    );
-
-    let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
-    let dummy_texture = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
-    SpriteAtlas::new(dummy_texture, mapper)
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_pacman_creation() {
-    let graph = create_test_graph();
-    let atlas = create_test_atlas();
-    let pacman = Pacman::new(&graph, 0, &atlas).unwrap();
-
-    assert!(pacman.traverser.position.is_at_node());
-    assert_eq!(pacman.traverser.direction, Direction::Left);
-}

tests/pathfinding.rs

@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-use pacman::entity::direction::Direction;
-use pacman::entity::ghost::{Ghost, GhostType};
-use pacman::entity::graph::{Graph, Node};
-use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-fn create_test_atlas() -> SpriteAtlas {
-    let mut frames = HashMap::new();
-    let directions = ["up", "down", "left", "right"];
-    let ghost_types = ["blinky", "pinky", "inky", "clyde"];
-
-    for ghost_type in &ghost_types {
-        for (i, dir) in directions.iter().enumerate() {
-            frames.insert(
-                format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost_type, dir, "a"),
-                MapperFrame {
-                    x: i as u16 * 16,
-                    y: 0,
-                    width: 16,
-                    height: 16,
-                },
-            );
-            frames.insert(
-                format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost_type, dir, "b"),
-                MapperFrame {
-                    x: i as u16 * 16,
-                    y: 16,
-                    width: 16,
-                    height: 16,
-                },
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
-    let dummy_texture = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
-    SpriteAtlas::new(dummy_texture, mapper)
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_ghost_pathfinding() {
-    // Create a simple test graph
-    let mut graph = Graph::new();
-
-    // Add nodes in a simple line: 0 -> 1 -> 2
-    let node0 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(10.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node2 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(20.0, 0.0),
-    });
-
-    // Connect the nodes
-    graph.connect(node0, node1, false, None, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-    graph.connect(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-
-    // Create a test atlas for the ghost
-    let atlas = create_test_atlas();
-
-    // Create a ghost at node 0
-    let ghost = Ghost::new(&graph, node0, GhostType::Blinky, &atlas).unwrap();
-
-    // Test pathfinding from node 0 to node 2
-    let path = ghost.calculate_path_to_target(&graph, node2);
-
-    assert!(path.is_ok());
-    let path = path.unwrap();
-    assert!(
-        path == vec![node0, node1, node2] || path == vec![node2, node1, node0],
-        "Path was not what was expected"
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_ghost_pathfinding_no_path() {
-    // Create a test graph with disconnected components
-    let mut graph = Graph::new();
-
-    let node0 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
-    });
-    let node1 = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(10.0, 0.0),
-    });
-
-    // Don't connect the nodes
-    let atlas = create_test_atlas();
-    let ghost = Ghost::new(&graph, node0, GhostType::Blinky, &atlas).unwrap();
-
-    // Test pathfinding when no path exists
-    let path = ghost.calculate_path_to_target(&graph, node1);
-
-    assert!(path.is_err());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_ghost_debug_colors() {
-    let atlas = create_test_atlas();
-    let mut graph = Graph::new();
-    let node = graph.add_node(Node {
-        position: glam::Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
-    });
-
-    let blinky = Ghost::new(&graph, node, GhostType::Blinky, &atlas).unwrap();
-    let pinky = Ghost::new(&graph, node, GhostType::Pinky, &atlas).unwrap();
-    let inky = Ghost::new(&graph, node, GhostType::Inky, &atlas).unwrap();
-    let clyde = Ghost::new(&graph, node, GhostType::Clyde, &atlas).unwrap();
-
-    // Test that each ghost has a different debug color
-    let colors = std::collections::HashSet::from([
-        blinky.debug_color(),
-        pinky.debug_color(),
-        inky.debug_color(),
-        clyde.debug_color(),
-    ]);
-    assert_eq!(colors.len(), 4, "All ghost colors should be unique");
-}

tests/profiling.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use pacman::systems::profiling::SystemTimings;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_timing_statistics() {
+    let timings = SystemTimings::default();
+
+    // Add some test data
+    timings.add_timing("test_system", Duration::from_millis(10));
+    timings.add_timing("test_system", Duration::from_millis(12));
+    timings.add_timing("test_system", Duration::from_millis(8));
+
+    let stats = timings.get_stats();
+    let (avg, std_dev) = stats.get("test_system").unwrap();
+
+    // Average should be 10ms, standard deviation should be small
+    assert!((avg.as_millis() as f64 - 10.0).abs() < 1.0);
+    assert!(std_dev.as_millis() > 0);
+
+    let (total_avg, total_std) = timings.get_total_stats();
+    assert!((total_avg.as_millis() as f64 - 10.0).abs() < 1.0);
+    assert!(total_std.as_millis() > 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_window_size_limit() {
+    let timings = SystemTimings::default();
+
+    // Add more than 90 timings to test window size limit
+    for i in 0..100 {
+        timings.add_timing("test_system", Duration::from_millis(i));
+    }
+
+    let stats = timings.get_stats();
+    let (avg, _) = stats.get("test_system").unwrap();
+
+    // Should only keep the last 90 values, so average should be around 55ms
+    // (average of 10-99)
+    assert!((avg.as_millis() as f64 - 55.0).abs() < 5.0);
+}

tests/sprite.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, MapperFrame, Sprite, SpriteAtlas};
+use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -92,12 +92,3 @@ fn test_atlas_tile_new_and_with_color() {
     let tile_with_color = tile.with_color(color);
     assert_eq!(tile_with_color.color, Some(color));
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn test_sprite_new() {
-    let atlas_tile = AtlasTile::new(U16Vec2::new(0, 0), U16Vec2::new(16, 16), None);
-    let sprite = Sprite::new(atlas_tile);
-
-    assert_eq!(sprite.atlas_tile.pos, atlas_tile.pos);
-    assert_eq!(sprite.atlas_tile.size, atlas_tile.size);
-}