fix: allow key holddown

feat: rewrite movement systems separately for player/ghosts
refactor: use strum::EnumCount for const compile time system mapping
2025-12-06 03:15:48 -06:00 · 2025-08-16 12:00:58 -05:00 · 2025-08-16 11:44:10 -05:00 · 2025-08-16 11:43:46 -05:00 · 2025-08-15 20:38:18 -05:00 · 2025-08-15 20:30:41 -05:00
28 changed files with 1921 additions and 561 deletions
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -252,6 +252,12 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"

+[[package]]
+name = "circular-buffer"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23bdce1da528cadbac4654b5632bfcd8c6c63e25b1d42cea919a95958790b51d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "concurrent-queue"
 version = "2.5.0"
@@ -316,6 +322,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "unicode-xid",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "diff"
+version = "0.1.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "56254986775e3233ffa9c4d7d3faaf6d36a2c09d30b20687e9f88bc8bafc16c8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "disqualified"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -528,6 +540,12 @@ version = "2.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32a282da65faaf38286cf3be983213fcf1d2e2a58700e808f83f4ea9a4804bc0"

+[[package]]
+name = "micromap"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "18c087666f377f857b49564f8791b481260c67825d6b337e1e38ddf54a985a88"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nonmax"
 version = "0.5.5"
@@ -553,6 +571,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "autocfg",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "num-width"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "faede9396d7883a8c9c989e0b53c984bf770defb5cb8ed6c345b4c0566cf32b9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
 version = "1.21.3"
@@ -571,13 +595,19 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "bevy_ecs",
+ "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "circular-buffer",
 "glam 0.30.5",
 "lazy_static",
 "libc",
+ "micromap",
+ "num-width",
 "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot",
 "pathfinding",
 "phf",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "pretty_assertions",
+ "rand",
 "sdl2",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@@ -586,6 +616,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "strum",
 "strum_macros",
 "thiserror",
+ "thousands",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-error",
 "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -637,29 +668,30 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fd6780a80ae0c52cc120a26a1a42c1ae51b247a253e4e06113d23d2c2edd078"
+checksum = "913273894cec178f401a31ec4b656318d95473527be05c0752cc41cdc32be8b7"
 dependencies = [
 "phf_macros",
 "phf_shared",
+ "serde",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_generator"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c80231409c20246a13fddb31776fb942c38553c51e871f8cbd687a4cfb5843d"
+checksum = "2cbb1126afed61dd6368748dae63b1ee7dc480191c6262a3b4ff1e29d86a6c5b"
 dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
 "phf_shared",
- "rand 0.8.5",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_macros"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f84ac04429c13a7ff43785d75ad27569f2951ce0ffd30a3321230db2fc727216"
+checksum = "d713258393a82f091ead52047ca779d37e5766226d009de21696c4e667044368"
 dependencies = [
 "phf_generator",
 "phf_shared",
@@ -670,9 +702,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "phf_shared"
-version = "0.11.3"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67eabc2ef2a60eb7faa00097bd1ffdb5bd28e62bf39990626a582201b7a754e5"
+checksum = "06005508882fb681fd97892ecff4b7fd0fee13ef1aa569f8695dae7ab9099981"
 dependencies = [
 "siphasher",
 ]
@@ -698,6 +730,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "portable-atomic",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "pretty_assertions"
+version = "1.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ae130e2f271fbc2ac3a40fb1d07180839cdbbe443c7a27e1e3c13c5cac0116d"
+dependencies = [
+ "diff",
+ "yansi",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.95"
@@ -722,30 +764,15 @@ version = "5.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"

-[[package]]
-name = "rand"
-version = "0.8.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.9.3",
+ "rand_core",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.6.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
 version = "0.9.3"
@@ -986,24 +1013,30 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "2.0.12"
+version = "2.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "567b8a2dae586314f7be2a752ec7474332959c6460e02bde30d702a66d488708"
+checksum = "0b0949c3a6c842cbde3f1686d6eea5a010516deb7085f79db747562d4102f41e"
 dependencies = [
 "thiserror-impl",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "2.0.12"
+version = "2.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f7cf42b4507d8ea322120659672cf1b9dbb93f8f2d4ecfd6e51350ff5b17a1d"
+checksum = "cc5b44b4ab9c2fdd0e0512e6bece8388e214c0749f5862b114cc5b7a25daf227"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
 "syn",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "thousands"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3bf63baf9f5039dadc247375c29eb13706706cfde997d0330d05aa63a77d8820"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thread_local"
 version = "1.1.7"
@@ -1427,3 +1460,9 @@ checksum = "6f42320e61fe2cfd34354ecb597f86f413484a798ba44a8ca1165c58d42da6c1"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags 2.9.1",
 ]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yansi"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cfe53a6657fd280eaa890a3bc59152892ffa3e30101319d168b781ed6529b049"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-tracing = { version = "0.1.40", features = ["max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug"]}
+tracing = { version = "0.1.41", features = ["max_level_debug", "release_max_level_debug"]}
 tracing-error = "0.2.0"
 tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.17", features = ["env-filter"]}
 lazy_static = "1.5.0"
@@ -15,16 +15,23 @@ spin_sleep = "1.3.2"
 rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng", "os_rng"] }
 pathfinding = "4.14"
 once_cell = "1.21.3"
-thiserror = "2.0"
+thiserror = "2.0.14"
 anyhow = "1.0"
-glam = { version = "0.30.5", features = [] }
+glam = "0.30.5"
 serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.142"
 smallvec = "1.15.1"
 strum = "0.27.2"
 strum_macros = "0.27.2"
-phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["macros"] }
+phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }
 bevy_ecs = "0.16.1"
+bitflags = "2.9.1"
+parking_lot = "0.12.3"
+micromap = "0.1.0"
+thousands = "0.2.0"
+pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
+num-width = "0.1.0"
+circular-buffer = "1.1.0"

 [profile.release]
 lto = true
@@ -63,4 +70,4 @@ libc = "0.2.175"
 [build-dependencies]
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
-phf = { version = "0.11", features = ["macros"] }
+phf = { version = "0.12.1", features = ["macros"] }
--- a/src/app.rs
+++ b/src/app.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use sdl2::render::TextureCreator;
 use sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext;
 use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
 use sdl2::{AudioSubsystem, EventPump, Sdl, VideoSubsystem};
-use tracing::warn;

 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult};

@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@ impl App {
            window
                .into_canvas()
                .accelerated()
-                .present_vsync()
                .build()
                .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?,
        ));
@@ -64,12 +62,6 @@ impl App {
        let game = Game::new(canvas, texture_creator, event_pump)?;
        // game.audio.set_mute(cfg!(debug_assertions));

-        // Initial draw
-        // game.draw(&mut canvas, &mut backbuffer)
-        //     .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-        // game.present_backbuffer(&mut canvas, &backbuffer, glam::Vec2::ZERO)
-        //     .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-
        Ok(App {
            game,
            focused: true,
@@ -116,17 +108,12 @@ impl App {
                return false;
            }

-            // if let Err(e) = self.game.draw(&mut self.canvas, &mut self.backbuffer) {
-            //     error!("Failed to draw game: {}", e);
-            // }
-
+            // Sleep if we still have time left
            if start.elapsed() < LOOP_TIME {
                let time = LOOP_TIME.saturating_sub(start.elapsed());
                if time != Duration::ZERO {
                    get_platform().sleep(time, self.focused);
                }
-            } else {
-                warn!("Game loop behind schedule by: {:?}", start.elapsed() - LOOP_TIME);
            }

            true
--- a/src/entity/graph.rs
+++ b/src/entity/graph.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 use glam::Vec2;

-use crate::systems::components::NodeId;
+use crate::systems::movement::NodeId;

 use super::direction::Direction;

-/// Defines who can traverse a given edge.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
-pub enum EdgePermissions {
-    /// Anyone can use this edge.
-    #[default]
-    All,
-    /// Only ghosts can use this edge.
-    GhostsOnly,
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Defines who can traverse a given edge using flags for fast checking.
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+    pub struct TraversalFlags: u8 {
+        const PACMAN = 1 << 0;
+        const GHOST = 1 << 1;
+
+        /// Convenience flag for edges that all entities can use
+        const ALL = Self::PACMAN.bits() | Self::GHOST.bits();
+    }
 }

 /// Represents a directed edge from one node to another with a given weight (e.g., distance).
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct Edge {
    /// The cardinal direction of this edge.
    pub direction: Direction,
    /// Defines who is allowed to traverse this edge.
-    pub permissions: EdgePermissions,
+    pub traversal_flags: TraversalFlags,
 }

 /// Represents a node in the graph, defined by its position.
@@ -132,8 +136,8 @@ impl Graph {
            return Err("To node does not exist.");
        }

-        let edge_a = self.add_edge(from, to, replace, distance, direction, EdgePermissions::default());
-        let edge_b = self.add_edge(to, from, replace, distance, direction.opposite(), EdgePermissions::default());
+        let edge_a = self.add_edge(from, to, replace, distance, direction, TraversalFlags::ALL);
+        let edge_b = self.add_edge(to, from, replace, distance, direction.opposite(), TraversalFlags::ALL);

        if edge_a.is_err() && edge_b.is_err() {
            return Err("Failed to connect nodes in both directions.");
@@ -161,7 +165,7 @@ impl Graph {
        replace: bool,
        distance: Option<f32>,
        direction: Direction,
-        permissions: EdgePermissions,
+        traversal_flags: TraversalFlags,
    ) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
        let edge = Edge {
            target: to,
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ impl Graph {
                }
            },
            direction,
-            permissions,
+            traversal_flags,
        };

        if from >= self.adjacency_list.len() {
@@ -219,6 +223,19 @@ impl Graph {
        self.nodes.len()
    }

+    /// Returns an iterator over all nodes in the graph.
+    pub fn nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Node> {
+        self.nodes.iter()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an iterator over all edges in the graph.
+    pub fn edges(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (NodeId, Edge)> + '_ {
+        self.adjacency_list
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .flat_map(|(node_id, intersection)| intersection.edges().map(move |edge| (node_id, edge)))
+    }
+
    /// Finds a specific edge from a source node to a target node.
    pub fn find_edge(&self, from: NodeId, to: NodeId) -> Option<Edge> {
        self.adjacency_list.get(from)?.edges().find(|edge| edge.target == to)
--- a/src/events.rs
+++ b/src/events.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
-use bevy_ecs::event::Event;
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;

-use crate::systems::input::GameCommand;
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum GameCommand {
+    Exit,
+    MovePlayer(crate::entity::direction::Direction),
+    ToggleDebug,
+    MuteAudio,
+    ResetLevel,
+    TogglePause,
+}

-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Event)]
+#[derive(Event, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum GameEvent {
    Command(GameCommand),
+    Collision(Entity, Entity),
 }

 impl From<GameCommand> for GameEvent {
--- a/src/game/mod.rs
+++ b/src/game/mod.rs
@@ -7,28 +7,47 @@ use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
 use crate::events::GameEvent;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::components::{
-    DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, EntityType, GlobalState, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, Position, Renderable, Velocity,
+use crate::systems::blinking::Blinking;
+use crate::systems::movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity};
+use crate::systems::player::player_movement_system;
+use crate::systems::profiling::SystemId;
+use crate::systems::{
+    audio::{audio_system, AudioEvent, AudioResource},
+    blinking::blinking_system,
+    collision::collision_system,
+    components::{
+        AudioState, Collider, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, EntityType, Ghost, GhostBundle, GhostCollider, GlobalState,
+        ItemBundle, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, RenderDirty, Renderable, ScoreResource,
+    },
+    debug::{debug_render_system, DebugState, DebugTextureResource},
+    ghost::ghost_movement_system,
+    input::input_system,
+    item::item_system,
+    player::player_control_system,
+    profiling::{profile, SystemTimings},
+    render::{directional_render_system, dirty_render_system, render_system, BackbufferResource, MapTextureResource},
 };
-use crate::systems::control::player_system;
-use crate::systems::movement::movement_system;
-use crate::systems::render::{directional_render_system, render_system, BackbufferResource, MapTextureResource};
 use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
-use bevy_ecs::event::EventRegistry;
-use bevy_ecs::observer::Trigger;
 use bevy_ecs::schedule::IntoScheduleConfigs;
-use bevy_ecs::system::ResMut;
-use bevy_ecs::{schedule::Schedule, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::system::NonSendMut;
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    event::EventRegistry,
+    observer::Trigger,
+    schedule::Schedule,
+    system::{Res, ResMut},
+    world::World,
+};
 use sdl2::image::LoadTexture;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, ScaleMode, TextureCreator};
 use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
 use sdl2::EventPump;

-use crate::asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset};
-use crate::map::render::MapRenderer;
-use crate::systems::input::{input_system, Bindings, GameCommand};
 use crate::{
+    asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
    constants,
+    events::GameCommand,
+    map::render::MapRenderer,
+    systems::input::Bindings,
    texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, SpriteAtlas},
 };

@@ -54,6 +73,7 @@ impl Game {

        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameError>(&mut world);
        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameEvent>(&mut world);
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<AudioEvent>(&mut world);

        let mut backbuffer = texture_creator
            .create_texture_target(None, CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
@@ -65,6 +85,16 @@ impl Game {
            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
        map_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);

+        // Create debug texture at output resolution for crisp debug rendering
+        let output_size = canvas.output_size().unwrap();
+        let mut debug_texture = texture_creator
+            .create_texture_target(None, output_size.0, output_size.1)
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        debug_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
+
+        // Initialize audio system
+        let audio = crate::audio::Audio::new();
+
        // Load atlas and create map texture
        let atlas_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Atlas)?;
        let atlas_texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).map_err(|e| {
@@ -93,7 +123,7 @@ impl Game {
        // Render map to texture
        canvas
            .with_texture_canvas(&mut map_texture, |map_canvas| {
-                MapRenderer::render_map(map_canvas, &mut atlas, &mut map_tiles);
+                MapRenderer::render_map(map_canvas, &mut atlas, &map_tiles);
            })
            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;

@@ -128,22 +158,27 @@ impl Game {

        let player = PlayerBundle {
            player: PlayerControlled,
-            position: Position::AtNode(pacman_start_node),
+            position: Position::Stopped { node: pacman_start_node },
            velocity: Velocity {
-                direction: Direction::Up,
-                next_direction: None,
-                speed: 1.125,
+                speed: 1.15,
+                direction: Direction::Left,
            },
+            buffered_direction: BufferedDirection::None,
            sprite: Renderable {
                sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "pacman/full.png")
                    .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("pacman/full.png".to_string())))?,
                layer: 0,
+                visible: true,
            },
            directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
                textures,
                stopped_textures,
            },
            entity_type: EntityType::Player,
+            collider: Collider {
+                size: constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.375,
+            },
+            pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
        };

        world.insert_non_send_resource(atlas);
@@ -151,28 +186,57 @@ impl Game {
        world.insert_non_send_resource(canvas);
        world.insert_non_send_resource(BackbufferResource(backbuffer));
        world.insert_non_send_resource(MapTextureResource(map_texture));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(DebugTextureResource(debug_texture));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(AudioResource(audio));

        world.insert_resource(map);
        world.insert_resource(GlobalState { exit: false });
+        world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(0));
+        world.insert_resource(SystemTimings::default());
        world.insert_resource(Bindings::default());
        world.insert_resource(DeltaTime(0f32));
+        world.insert_resource(RenderDirty::default());
+        world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
+        world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());

-        world.add_observer(|event: Trigger<GameEvent>, mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>| match *event {
-            GameEvent::Command(command) => match command {
-                GameCommand::Exit => {
+        world.add_observer(
+            |event: Trigger<GameEvent>, mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>, _score: ResMut<ScoreResource>| {
+                if matches!(*event, GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::Exit)) {
                    state.exit = true;
                }
-                _ => {}
            },
-        });
-
+        );
        schedule.add_systems(
            (
-                input_system,
-                player_system,
-                movement_system,
-                directional_render_system,
-                render_system,
+                profile(SystemId::Input, input_system),
+                profile(SystemId::PlayerControls, player_control_system),
+                profile(SystemId::PlayerMovement, player_movement_system),
+                profile(SystemId::Ghost, ghost_movement_system),
+                profile(SystemId::Collision, collision_system),
+                profile(SystemId::Item, item_system),
+                profile(SystemId::Audio, audio_system),
+                profile(SystemId::Blinking, blinking_system),
+                profile(SystemId::DirectionalRender, directional_render_system),
+                profile(SystemId::DirtyRender, dirty_render_system),
+                profile(SystemId::Render, render_system),
+                profile(SystemId::DebugRender, debug_render_system),
+                profile(
+                    SystemId::Present,
+                    |mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+                     backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+                     debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+                     mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>| {
+                        if dirty.0 || *debug_state != DebugState::Off {
+                            // Only copy backbuffer to main canvas if debug rendering is off
+                            // (debug rendering draws directly to main canvas)
+                            if *debug_state == DebugState::Off {
+                                canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+                            }
+                            dirty.0 = false;
+                            canvas.present();
+                        }
+                    },
+                ),
            )
                .chain(),
        );
@@ -180,81 +244,153 @@ impl Game {
        // Spawn player
        world.spawn(player);

+        // Spawn ghosts
+        Self::spawn_ghosts(&mut world)?;
+
+        // Spawn items
+        let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/pellet.png")
+            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/pellet.png".to_string())))?;
+        let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/energizer.png")
+            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/energizer.png".to_string())))?;
+
+        let nodes: Vec<_> = world.resource::<Map>().iter_nodes().map(|(id, tile)| (*id, *tile)).collect();
+
+        for (node_id, tile) in nodes {
+            let (item_type, sprite, size) = match tile {
+                crate::constants::MapTile::Pellet => (EntityType::Pellet, pellet_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4),
+                crate::constants::MapTile::PowerPellet => {
+                    (EntityType::PowerPellet, energizer_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95)
+                }
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+
+            let mut item = world.spawn(ItemBundle {
+                position: Position::Stopped { node: node_id },
+                sprite: Renderable {
+                    sprite,
+                    layer: 1,
+                    visible: true,
+                },
+                entity_type: item_type,
+                collider: Collider { size },
+                item_collider: ItemCollider,
+            });
+
+            if item_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
+                item.insert(Blinking {
+                    timer: 0.0,
+                    interval: 0.2,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
        Ok(Game { world, schedule })
    }

-    // fn handle_command(&mut self, command: crate::input::commands::GameCommand) {
-    //     use crate::input::commands::GameCommand;
-    //     match command {
-    //         GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
-    //             self.state.pacman.set_next_direction(direction);
-    //         }
-    //         GameCommand::ToggleDebug => {
-    //             self.toggle_debug_mode();
-    //         }
-    //         GameCommand::MuteAudio => {
-    //             let is_muted = self.state.audio.is_muted();
-    //             self.state.audio.set_mute(!is_muted);
-    //         }
-    //         GameCommand::ResetLevel => {
-    //             if let Err(e) = self.reset_game_state() {
-    //                 tracing::error!("Failed to reset game state: {}", e);
-    //             }
-    //         }
-    //         GameCommand::TogglePause => {
-    //             self.state.paused = !self.state.paused;
-    //         }
-    //         GameCommand::Exit => {}
-    //     }
-    // }
+    /// Spawns all four ghosts at their starting positions with appropriate textures.
+    fn spawn_ghosts(world: &mut World) -> GameResult<()> {
+        // Extract the data we need first to avoid borrow conflicts
+        let ghost_start_positions = {
+            let map = world.resource::<Map>();
+            [
+                (Ghost::Blinky, map.start_positions.blinky),
+                (Ghost::Pinky, map.start_positions.pinky),
+                (Ghost::Inky, map.start_positions.inky),
+                (Ghost::Clyde, map.start_positions.clyde),
+            ]
+        };

-    // fn process_events(&mut self) {
-    //     while let Some(event) = self.state.event_queue.pop_front() {
-    //         match event {
-    //             GameEvent::Command(command) => self.handle_command(command),
-    //         }
-    //     }
-    // }
+        for (ghost_type, start_node) in ghost_start_positions {
+            // Create the ghost bundle in a separate scope to manage borrows
+            let ghost = {
+                let atlas = world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>();

-    // /// Resets the game state, randomizing ghost positions and resetting Pac-Man
-    // fn reset_game_state(&mut self) -> GameResult<()> {
-    //     let pacman_start_node = self.state.map.start_positions.pacman;
-    //     self.state.pacman = Pacman::new(&self.state.map.graph, pacman_start_node, &self.state.atlas)?;
+                // Create directional animated textures for the ghost
+                let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
+                let mut stopped_textures = [None, None, None, None];

-    //     // Reset items
-    //     self.state.items = self.state.map.generate_items(&self.state.atlas)?;
+                for direction in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
+                    let moving_prefix = match direction {
+                        Direction::Up => "up",
+                        Direction::Down => "down",
+                        Direction::Left => "left",
+                        Direction::Right => "right",
+                    };

-    //     // Randomize ghost positions
-    //     let ghost_types = [GhostType::Blinky, GhostType::Pinky, GhostType::Inky, GhostType::Clyde];
-    //     let mut rng = SmallRng::from_os_rng();
+                    let moving_tiles = vec![
+                        SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost_type.as_str(), moving_prefix, "a"))
+                            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                                GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!(
+                                    "ghost/{}/{}_{}.png",
+                                    ghost_type.as_str(),
+                                    moving_prefix,
+                                    "a"
+                                )))
+                            })?,
+                        SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost_type.as_str(), moving_prefix, "b"))
+                            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                                GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!(
+                                    "ghost/{}/{}_{}.png",
+                                    ghost_type.as_str(),
+                                    moving_prefix,
+                                    "b"
+                                )))
+                            })?,
+                    ];

-    //     for (i, ghost) in self.state.ghosts.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-    //         let random_node = rng.random_range(0..self.state.map.graph.node_count());
-    //         *ghost = Ghost::new(&self.state.map.graph, random_node, ghost_types[i], &self.state.atlas)?;
-    //     }
+                    let stopped_tiles = vec![SpriteAtlas::get_tile(
+                        atlas,
+                        &format!("ghost/{}/{}_{}.png", ghost_type.as_str(), moving_prefix, "a"),
+                    )
+                    .ok_or_else(|| {
+                        GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!(
+                            "ghost/{}/{}_{}.png",
+                            ghost_type.as_str(),
+                            moving_prefix,
+                            "a"
+                        )))
+                    })?];

-    //     // Reset collision system
-    //     self.state.collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
+                    textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(moving_tiles, 0.2)?);
+                    stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(stopped_tiles, 0.1)?);
+                }

-    //     // Re-register Pac-Man
-    //     self.state.pacman_id = self.state.collision_system.register_entity(self.state.pacman.position());
+                GhostBundle {
+                    ghost: ghost_type,
+                    position: Position::Stopped { node: start_node },
+                    velocity: Velocity {
+                        speed: ghost_type.base_speed(),
+                        direction: Direction::Left,
+                    },
+                    sprite: Renderable {
+                        sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &format!("ghost/{}/left_a.png", ghost_type.as_str())).ok_or_else(
+                            || {
+                                GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!(
+                                    "ghost/{}/left_a.png",
+                                    ghost_type.as_str()
+                                )))
+                            },
+                        )?,
+                        layer: 0,
+                        visible: true,
+                    },
+                    directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
+                        textures,
+                        stopped_textures,
+                    },
+                    entity_type: EntityType::Ghost,
+                    collider: Collider {
+                        size: crate::constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 1.375,
+                    },
+                    ghost_collider: GhostCollider,
+                }
+            };

-    //     // Re-register items
-    //     self.state.item_ids.clear();
-    //     for item in &self.state.items {
-    //         let item_id = self.state.collision_system.register_entity(item.position());
-    //         self.state.item_ids.push(item_id);
-    //     }
+            world.spawn(ghost);
+        }

-    //     // Re-register ghosts
-    //     self.state.ghost_ids.clear();
-    //     for ghost in &self.state.ghosts {
-    //         let ghost_id = self.state.collision_system.register_entity(ghost.position());
-    //         self.state.ghost_ids.push(ghost_id);
-    //     }
-
-    //     Ok(())
-    // }
+        Ok(())
+    }

    /// Ticks the game state.
    ///
@@ -270,52 +406,9 @@ impl Game {
            .get_resource::<GlobalState>()
            .expect("GlobalState could not be acquired");

-        return state.exit;
-
-        // // Process any events that have been posted (such as unpausing)
-        // self.process_events();
-
-        // // If the game is paused, we don't need to do anything beyond returning
-        // if self.state.paused {
-        //     return false;
-        // }
-
-        // self.schedule.run(&mut self.world);
-
-        // self.state.pacman.tick(dt, &self.state.map.graph);
-
-        // // Update all ghosts
-        // for ghost in &mut self.state.ghosts {
-        //     ghost.tick(dt, &self.state.map.graph);
-        // }
-
-        // // Update collision system positions
-        // self.update_collision_positions();
-
-        // // Check for collisions
-        // self.check_collisions();
+        state.exit
    }

-    // /// Toggles the debug mode on and off.
-    // ///
-    // /// When debug mode is enabled, the game will render additional information
-    // /// that is useful for debugging, such as the collision grid and entity paths.
-    // pub fn toggle_debug_mode(&mut self) {
-    //     self.state.debug_mode = !self.state.debug_mode;
-    // }
-
-    // fn update_collision_positions(&mut self) {
-    //     // Update Pac-Man's position
-    //     self.state
-    //         .collision_system
-    //         .update_position(self.state.pacman_id, self.state.pacman.position());
-
-    //     // Update ghost positions
-    //     for (ghost, &ghost_id) in self.state.ghosts.iter().zip(&self.state.ghost_ids) {
-    //         self.state.collision_system.update_position(ghost_id, ghost.position());
-    //     }
-    // }
-
    // fn check_collisions(&mut self) {
    //     // Check Pac-Man vs Items
    //     let potential_collisions = self
--- a/src/map/builder.rs
+++ b/src/map/builder.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 //! Map construction and building functionality.
-
 use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE};
 use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
-use crate::entity::graph::{EdgePermissions, Graph, Node};
+use crate::entity::graph::{Graph, Node, TraversalFlags};
 use crate::map::parser::MapTileParser;
 use crate::map::render::MapRenderer;
-use crate::systems::components::NodeId;
+use crate::systems::movement::NodeId;
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
 use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@ pub struct Map {
    pub grid_to_node: HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
    /// A mapping of the starting positions of the entities.
    pub start_positions: NodePositions,
+    /// The raw tile data for the map.
+    tiles: [[MapTile; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize],
 }

 impl Map {
@@ -153,46 +154,16 @@ impl Map {
            graph,
            grid_to_node,
            start_positions,
+            tiles: map,
        })
    }

-    /// Generates Item entities for pellets and energizers from the parsed map.
-    // pub fn generate_items(&self, atlas: &SpriteAtlas) -> GameResult<Vec<Item>> {
-    //     // Pre-load sprites to avoid repeated texture lookups
-    //     let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, "maze/pellet.png")
-    //         .ok_or_else(|| MapError::InvalidConfig("Pellet texture not found".to_string()))?;
-    //     let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, "maze/energizer.png")
-    //         .ok_or_else(|| MapError::InvalidConfig("Energizer texture not found".to_string()))?;
-
-    //     // Pre-allocate with estimated capacity (typical Pac-Man maps have ~240 pellets + 4 energizers)
-    //     let mut items = Vec::with_capacity(250);
-
-    //     // Parse the raw board once
-    //     let parsed_map = MapTileParser::parse_board(RAW_BOARD)?;
-    //     let map = parsed_map.tiles;
-
-    //     // Iterate through the map and collect items more efficiently
-    //     for (x, row) in map.iter().enumerate() {
-    //         for (y, tile) in row.iter().enumerate() {
-    //             match tile {
-    //                 MapTile::Pellet | MapTile::PowerPellet => {
-    //                     let grid_pos = IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32);
-    //                     if let Some(&node_id) = self.grid_to_node.get(&grid_pos) {
-    //                         let (item_type, sprite) = match tile {
-    //                             MapTile::Pellet => (ItemType::Pellet, Sprite::new(pellet_sprite)),
-    //                             MapTile::PowerPellet => (ItemType::Energizer, Sprite::new(energizer_sprite)),
-    //                             _ => unreachable!(), // We already filtered for these types
-    //                         };
-    //                         items.push(Item::new(node_id, item_type, sprite));
-    //                     }
-    //                 }
-    //                 _ => {}
-    //             }
-    //         }
-    //     }
-
-    //     Ok(items)
-    // }
+    pub fn iter_nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&NodeId, &MapTile)> {
+        self.grid_to_node.iter().map(move |(pos, node_id)| {
+            let tile = &self.tiles[pos.x as usize][pos.y as usize];
+            (node_id, tile)
+        })
+    }

    /// Renders a debug visualization with cursor-based highlighting.
    ///
@@ -294,7 +265,7 @@ impl Map {
                false,
                None,
                Direction::Down,
-                EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly,
+                TraversalFlags::GHOST,
            )
            .map_err(|e| MapError::InvalidConfig(format!("Failed to create ghost-only entrance to house: {e}")))?;

@@ -305,7 +276,7 @@ impl Map {
                false,
                None,
                Direction::Up,
-                EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly,
+                TraversalFlags::GHOST,
            )
            .map_err(|e| MapError::InvalidConfig(format!("Failed to create ghost-only exit from house: {e}")))?;

--- a/src/map/render.rs
+++ b/src/map/render.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl MapRenderer {
    ///
    /// This function draws the static map texture to the screen at the correct
    /// position and scale.
-    pub fn render_map<T: RenderTarget>(canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, map_tiles: &mut [AtlasTile]) {
+    pub fn render_map<T: RenderTarget>(canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, map_tiles: &[AtlasTile]) {
        for (y, row) in TILE_MAP.iter().enumerate() {
            for (x, &tile_index) in row.iter().enumerate() {
                let mut tile = map_tiles[tile_index];
--- a/src/systems/audio.rs
+++ b/src/systems/audio.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//! Audio system for handling sound playback in the Pac-Man game.
+//!
+//! This module provides an ECS-based audio system that integrates with SDL2_mixer
+//! for playing sound effects. The system uses NonSendMut resources to handle SDL2's
+//! main-thread requirements while maintaining Bevy ECS compatibility.
+
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    event::{Event, EventReader, EventWriter},
+    system::{NonSendMut, ResMut},
+};
+
+use crate::{audio::Audio, error::GameError, systems::components::AudioState};
+
+/// Events for triggering audio playback
+#[derive(Event, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AudioEvent {
+    /// Play the "eat" sound when Pac-Man consumes a pellet
+    PlayEat,
+}
+
+/// Non-send resource wrapper for SDL2 audio system
+///
+/// This wrapper is needed because SDL2 audio components are not Send,
+/// but Bevy ECS requires Send for regular resources. Using NonSendMut
+/// allows us to use SDL2 audio on the main thread while integrating
+/// with the ECS system.
+pub struct AudioResource(pub Audio);
+
+/// System that processes audio events and plays sounds
+pub fn audio_system(
+    mut audio: NonSendMut<AudioResource>,
+    mut audio_state: ResMut<AudioState>,
+    mut audio_events: EventReader<AudioEvent>,
+    _errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    // Set mute state if it has changed
+    if audio.0.is_muted() != audio_state.muted {
+        audio.0.set_mute(audio_state.muted);
+    }
+
+    // Process audio events
+    for event in audio_events.read() {
+        match event {
+            AudioEvent::PlayEat => {
+                if !audio.0.is_disabled() && !audio_state.muted {
+                    audio.0.eat();
+                    // Update the sound index for cycling through sounds
+                    audio_state.sound_index = (audio_state.sound_index + 1) % 4;
+                    // 4 eat sounds available
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/blinking.rs
+++ b/src/systems/blinking.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    component::Component,
+    system::{Query, Res},
+};
+
+use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, Renderable};
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Blinking {
+    pub timer: f32,
+    pub interval: f32,
+}
+
+/// Updates blinking entities by toggling their visibility at regular intervals.
+///
+/// This system manages entities that have both `Blinking` and `Renderable` components,
+/// accumulating time and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
+pub fn blinking_system(time: Res<DeltaTime>, mut query: Query<(&mut Blinking, &mut Renderable)>) {
+    for (mut blinking, mut renderable) in query.iter_mut() {
+        blinking.timer += time.0;
+
+        if blinking.timer >= blinking.interval {
+            blinking.timer = 0.0;
+            renderable.visible = !renderable.visible;
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/collision.rs
+++ b/src/systems/collision.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
+use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::query::With;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+
+use crate::error::GameError;
+use crate::events::GameEvent;
+use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::components::{Collider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider};
+use crate::systems::movement::Position;
+
+pub fn collision_system(
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    pacman_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider), With<PacmanCollider>>,
+    item_query: Query<(Entity, &Position, &Collider), With<ItemCollider>>,
+    mut events: EventWriter<GameEvent>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    // Check PACMAN × ITEM collisions
+    for (pacman_entity, pacman_pos, pacman_collider) in pacman_query.iter() {
+        for (item_entity, item_pos, item_collider) in item_query.iter() {
+            match (
+                pacman_pos.get_pixel_position(&map.graph),
+                item_pos.get_pixel_position(&map.graph),
+            ) {
+                (Ok(pacman_pixel), Ok(item_pixel)) => {
+                    // Calculate the distance between the two entities's precise pixel positions
+                    let distance = pacman_pixel.distance(item_pixel);
+                    // Calculate the distance at which the two entities will collide
+                    let collision_distance = (pacman_collider.size + item_collider.size) / 2.0;
+
+                    // If the distance between the two entities is less than the collision distance, then the two entities are colliding
+                    if distance < collision_distance {
+                        events.write(GameEvent::Collision(pacman_entity, item_entity));
+                    }
+                }
+                // Either or both of the pixel positions failed to get, so we need to report the error
+                (result_a, result_b) => {
+                    for result in [result_a, result_b] {
+                        if let Err(e) = result {
+                            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
+                                "Collision system failed to get pixel positions for entities {:?} and {:?}: {}",
+                                pacman_entity, item_entity, e
+                            )));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/components.rs
+++ b/src/systems/components.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{bundle::Bundle, component::Component, resource::Resource};
-use glam::Vec2;
+use bitflags::bitflags;

 use crate::{
-    entity::{direction::Direction, graph::Graph},
-    error::{EntityError, GameResult},
+    entity::graph::TraversalFlags,
+    systems::movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
    texture::{animated::AnimatedTexture, sprite::AtlasTile},
 };

@@ -11,6 +11,46 @@ use crate::{
 #[derive(Default, Component)]
 pub struct PlayerControlled;

+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Ghost {
+    Blinky,
+    Pinky,
+    Inky,
+    Clyde,
+}
+
+impl Ghost {
+    /// Returns the ghost type name for atlas lookups.
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Ghost::Blinky => "blinky",
+            Ghost::Pinky => "pinky",
+            Ghost::Inky => "inky",
+            Ghost::Clyde => "clyde",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the base movement speed for this ghost type.
+    pub fn base_speed(self) -> f32 {
+        match self {
+            Ghost::Blinky => 1.0,
+            Ghost::Pinky => 0.95,
+            Ghost::Inky => 0.9,
+            Ghost::Clyde => 0.85,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the ghost's color for debug rendering.
+    pub fn debug_color(&self) -> sdl2::pixels::Color {
+        match self {
+            Ghost::Blinky => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(255, 0, 0),    // Red
+            Ghost::Pinky => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(255, 182, 255), // Pink
+            Ghost::Inky => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(0, 255, 255),    // Cyan
+            Ghost::Clyde => sdl2::pixels::Color::RGB(255, 182, 85),  // Orange
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A tag component denoting the type of entity.
 #[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum EntityType {
@@ -18,7 +58,17 @@ pub enum EntityType {
    Ghost,
    Pellet,
    PowerPellet,
-    Wall,
+}
+
+impl EntityType {
+    /// Returns the traversal flags for this entity type.
+    pub fn traversal_flags(&self) -> TraversalFlags {
+        match self {
+            EntityType::Player => TraversalFlags::PACMAN,
+            EntityType::Ghost => TraversalFlags::GHOST,
+            _ => TraversalFlags::empty(), // Static entities don't traverse
+        }
+    }
 }

 /// A component for entities that have a sprite, with a layer for ordering.
@@ -28,6 +78,7 @@ pub enum EntityType {
 pub struct Renderable {
    pub sprite: AtlasTile,
    pub layer: u8,
+    pub visible: bool,
 }

 /// A component for entities that have a directional animated texture.
@@ -37,107 +88,62 @@ pub struct DirectionalAnimated {
    pub stopped_textures: [Option<AnimatedTexture>; 4],
 }

-/// A unique identifier for a node, represented by its index in the graph's storage.
-pub type NodeId = usize;
-
-/// Represents the current position of an entity traversing the graph.
-///
-/// This enum allows for precise tracking of whether an entity is exactly at a node
-/// or moving along an edge between two nodes.
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Position {
-    /// The traverser is located exactly at a node.
-    AtNode(NodeId),
-    /// The traverser is on an edge between two nodes.
-    BetweenNodes {
-        from: NodeId,
-        to: NodeId,
-        /// The floating-point distance traversed along the edge from the `from` node.
-        traversed: f32,
-    },
-}
-
-impl Position {
-    /// Calculates the current pixel position in the game world.
-    ///
-    /// Converts the graph position to screen coordinates, accounting for
-    /// the board offset and centering the sprite.
-    pub fn get_pixel_pos(&self, graph: &Graph) -> GameResult<Vec2> {
-        let pos = match self {
-            Position::AtNode(node_id) => {
-                let node = graph.get_node(*node_id).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*node_id))?;
-                node.position
-            }
-            Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, traversed } => {
-                let from_node = graph.get_node(*from).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*from))?;
-                let to_node = graph.get_node(*to).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*to))?;
-                let edge = graph
-                    .find_edge(*from, *to)
-                    .ok_or(EntityError::EdgeNotFound { from: *from, to: *to })?;
-                from_node.position + (to_node.position - from_node.position) * (traversed / edge.distance)
-            }
-        };
-
-        Ok(Vec2::new(
-            pos.x + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.x as f32,
-            pos.y + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32,
-        ))
+bitflags! {
+    #[derive(Component, Default, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+    pub struct CollisionLayer: u8 {
+        const PACMAN = 1 << 0;
+        const GHOST = 1 << 1;
+        const ITEM = 1 << 2;
    }
 }

-impl Default for Position {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Position::AtNode(0)
-    }
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Collider {
+    pub size: f32,
 }

-#[allow(dead_code)]
-impl Position {
-    /// Returns `true` if the position is exactly at a node.
-    pub fn is_at_node(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Position::AtNode(_))
-    }
+/// Marker components for collision filtering optimization
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct PacmanCollider;

-    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the current or most recently departed node.
-    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    pub fn from_node_id(&self) -> NodeId {
-        match self {
-            Position::AtNode(id) => *id,
-            Position::BetweenNodes { from, .. } => *from,
-        }
-    }
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct GhostCollider;

-    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the destination node, if currently on an edge.
-    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
-    pub fn to_node_id(&self) -> Option<NodeId> {
-        match self {
-            Position::AtNode(_) => None,
-            Position::BetweenNodes { to, .. } => Some(*to),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if the traverser is stopped at a node.
-    pub fn is_stopped(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Position::AtNode(_))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A component for entities that have a velocity, with a direction and speed.
-#[derive(Default, Component)]
-pub struct Velocity {
-    pub direction: Direction,
-    pub next_direction: Option<(Direction, u8)>,
-    pub speed: f32,
-}
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct ItemCollider;

 #[derive(Bundle)]
 pub struct PlayerBundle {
    pub player: PlayerControlled,
    pub position: Position,
    pub velocity: Velocity,
+    pub buffered_direction: BufferedDirection,
    pub sprite: Renderable,
    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
+}
+
+#[derive(Bundle)]
+pub struct ItemBundle {
+    pub position: Position,
+    pub sprite: Renderable,
+    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub item_collider: ItemCollider,
+}
+
+#[derive(Bundle)]
+pub struct GhostBundle {
+    pub ghost: Ghost,
+    pub position: Position,
+    pub velocity: Velocity,
+    pub sprite: Renderable,
+    pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
+    pub entity_type: EntityType,
+    pub collider: Collider,
+    pub ghost_collider: GhostCollider,
 }

 #[derive(Resource)]
@@ -145,5 +151,20 @@ pub struct GlobalState {
    pub exit: bool,
 }

+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct ScoreResource(pub u32);
+
 #[derive(Resource)]
 pub struct DeltaTime(pub f32);
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default)]
+pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
+
+/// Resource for tracking audio state
+#[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct AudioState {
+    /// Whether audio is currently muted
+    pub muted: bool,
+    /// Current sound index for cycling through eat sounds
+    pub sound_index: usize,
+}
--- a/src/systems/control.rs
+++ b/src/systems/control.rs
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{
-    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
-    system::{Query, ResMut},
-};
-
-use crate::{
-    error::GameError,
-    events::GameEvent,
-    systems::{
-        components::{GlobalState, PlayerControlled, Velocity},
-        input::GameCommand,
-    },
-};
-
-// Handles
-pub fn player_system(
-    mut events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
-    mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>,
-    mut players: Query<(&PlayerControlled, &mut Velocity)>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
-) {
-    // Get the player's velocity (handling to ensure there is only one player)
-    let mut velocity = match players.single_mut() {
-        Ok((_, velocity)) => velocity,
-        Err(e) => {
-            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!("Player not found: {}", e)).into());
-            return;
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Handle events
-    for event in events.read() {
-        match event {
-            GameEvent::Command(command) => match command {
-                GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
-                    velocity.next_direction = Some((*direction, 90));
-                }
-                GameCommand::Exit => {
-                    state.exit = true;
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/src/systems/debug.rs
+++ b/src/systems/debug.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+//! Debug rendering system
+use crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET;
+use crate::map::builder::Map;
+use crate::systems::components::Collider;
+use crate::systems::movement::Position;
+use crate::systems::profiling::SystemTimings;
+use crate::systems::render::BackbufferResource;
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::rect::Rect;
+use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture, TextureCreator};
+use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum DebugState {
+    #[default]
+    Off,
+    Graph,
+    Collision,
+}
+
+impl DebugState {
+    pub fn next(&self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            DebugState::Off => DebugState::Graph,
+            DebugState::Graph => DebugState::Collision,
+            DebugState::Collision => DebugState::Off,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Resource to hold the debug texture for persistent rendering
+pub struct DebugTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
+
+/// Transforms a position from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates
+fn transform_position(pos: (f32, f32), output_size: (u32, u32), logical_size: (u32, u32)) -> (i32, i32) {
+    let scale_x = output_size.0 as f32 / logical_size.0 as f32;
+    let scale_y = output_size.1 as f32 / logical_size.1 as f32;
+    let scale = scale_x.min(scale_y); // Use the smaller scale to maintain aspect ratio
+
+    let x = (pos.0 * scale) as i32;
+    let y = (pos.1 * scale) as i32;
+    (x, y)
+}
+
+/// Transforms a position from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates (with board offset)
+fn transform_position_with_offset(pos: (f32, f32), output_size: (u32, u32), logical_size: (u32, u32)) -> (i32, i32) {
+    let scale_x = output_size.0 as f32 / logical_size.0 as f32;
+    let scale_y = output_size.1 as f32 / logical_size.1 as f32;
+    let scale = scale_x.min(scale_y); // Use the smaller scale to maintain aspect ratio
+
+    let x = ((pos.0 + BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.x as f32) * scale) as i32;
+    let y = ((pos.1 + BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32) * scale) as i32;
+    (x, y)
+}
+
+/// Transforms a size from logical canvas coordinates to output canvas coordinates
+fn transform_size(size: f32, output_size: (u32, u32), logical_size: (u32, u32)) -> u32 {
+    let scale_x = output_size.0 as f32 / logical_size.0 as f32;
+    let scale_y = output_size.1 as f32 / logical_size.1 as f32;
+    let scale = scale_x.min(scale_y); // Use the smaller scale to maintain aspect ratio
+
+    (size * scale) as u32
+}
+
+/// Renders timing information in the top-left corner of the screen
+fn render_timing_display(
+    canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
+    texture_creator: &mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
+    timings: &SystemTimings,
+) {
+    // Get TTF context
+    let ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().unwrap();
+
+    // Load font
+    let font = ttf_context.load_font("assets/site/TerminalVector.ttf", 12).unwrap();
+
+    // Format timing information using the formatting module
+    let lines = timings.format_timing_display();
+    let line_height = 14; // Approximate line height for 12pt font
+    let padding = 10;
+
+    // Calculate background dimensions
+    let max_width = lines
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|l| !l.is_empty()) // Don't consider empty lines for width
+        .map(|line| font.size_of(line).unwrap().0)
+        .max()
+        .unwrap_or(0);
+
+    // Only draw background if there is text to display
+    if max_width > 0 {
+        let total_height = (lines.len() as u32) * line_height as u32;
+        let bg_padding = 5;
+
+        // Draw background
+        let bg_rect = Rect::new(
+            padding - bg_padding,
+            padding - bg_padding,
+            max_width + (bg_padding * 2) as u32,
+            total_height + bg_padding as u32,
+        );
+        canvas.set_blend_mode(sdl2::render::BlendMode::Blend);
+        canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(40, 40, 40, 180));
+        canvas.fill_rect(bg_rect).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    for (i, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
+        if line.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Render each line
+        let surface = font.render(line).blended(Color::RGBA(255, 255, 255, 200)).unwrap();
+        let texture = texture_creator.create_texture_from_surface(&surface).unwrap();
+
+        // Position each line below the previous one
+        let y_pos = padding + (i * line_height) as i32;
+        let dest = Rect::new(padding, y_pos, texture.query().width, texture.query().height);
+        canvas.copy(&texture, None, dest).unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn debug_render_system(
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
+    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+    timings: Res<SystemTimings>,
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    colliders: Query<(&Collider, &Position)>,
+) {
+    if *debug_state == DebugState::Off {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Get canvas sizes for coordinate transformation
+    let output_size = canvas.output_size().unwrap();
+    let logical_size = canvas.logical_size();
+
+    // Copy the current backbuffer to the debug texture
+    canvas
+        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
+            // Clear the debug canvas
+            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLACK);
+            debug_canvas.clear();
+
+            // Copy the backbuffer to the debug canvas
+            debug_canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // Get texture creator before entering the closure to avoid borrowing conflicts
+    let mut texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
+
+    // Draw debug info on the high-resolution debug texture
+    canvas
+        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
+            match *debug_state {
+                DebugState::Graph => {
+                    debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RED);
+                    for (start_node, end_node) in map.graph.edges() {
+                        let start_node = map.graph.get_node(start_node).unwrap().position;
+                        let end_node = map.graph.get_node(end_node.target).unwrap().position;
+
+                        // Transform positions using common method
+                        let (start_x, start_y) =
+                            transform_position_with_offset((start_node.x, start_node.y), output_size, logical_size);
+                        let (end_x, end_y) = transform_position_with_offset((end_node.x, end_node.y), output_size, logical_size);
+
+                        debug_canvas.draw_line((start_x, start_y), (end_x, end_y)).unwrap();
+                    }
+
+                    debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLUE);
+                    for node in map.graph.nodes() {
+                        let pos = node.position;
+
+                        // Transform position using common method
+                        let (x, y) = transform_position_with_offset((pos.x, pos.y), output_size, logical_size);
+                        let size = transform_size(4.0, output_size, logical_size);
+
+                        debug_canvas
+                            .fill_rect(Rect::new(x - (size as i32 / 2), y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size))
+                            .unwrap();
+                    }
+                }
+                DebugState::Collision => {
+                    debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::GREEN);
+                    for (collider, position) in colliders.iter() {
+                        let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph).unwrap();
+
+                        // Transform position and size using common methods
+                        let (x, y) = transform_position((pos.x, pos.y), output_size, logical_size);
+                        let size = transform_size(collider.size, output_size, logical_size);
+
+                        // Center the collision box on the entity
+                        let rect = Rect::new(x - (size as i32 / 2), y - (size as i32 / 2), size, size);
+                        debug_canvas.draw_rect(rect).unwrap();
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+
+            // Render timing information in the top-left corner
+            render_timing_display(debug_canvas, &mut texture_creator, &timings);
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // Draw the debug texture directly onto the main canvas at full resolution
+    canvas.copy(&debug_texture.0, None, None).unwrap();
+}
--- a/src/systems/formatting.rs
+++ b/src/systems/formatting.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+use num_width::NumberWidth;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use strum::EnumCount;
+
+use crate::systems::profiling::SystemId;
+
+// Helper to split a duration into a integer, decimal, and unit
+fn get_value(duration: &Duration) -> (u64, u32, &'static str) {
+    let (int, decimal, unit) = match duration {
+        // if greater than 1 second, return as seconds
+        n if n >= &Duration::from_secs(1) => {
+            let secs = n.as_secs();
+            let decimal = n.as_millis() as u64 % 1000;
+            (secs, decimal as u32, "s")
+        }
+        // if greater than 1 millisecond, return as milliseconds
+        n if n >= &Duration::from_millis(1) => {
+            let ms = n.as_millis() as u64;
+            let decimal = n.as_micros() as u64 % 1000;
+            (ms, decimal as u32, "ms")
+        }
+        // if greater than 1 microsecond, return as microseconds
+        n if n >= &Duration::from_micros(1) => {
+            let us = n.as_micros() as u64;
+            let decimal = n.as_nanos() as u64 % 1000;
+            (us, decimal as u32, "µs")
+        }
+        // otherwise, return as nanoseconds
+        n => {
+            let ns = n.as_nanos() as u64;
+            (ns, 0, "ns")
+        }
+    };
+
+    (int, decimal, unit)
+}
+
+/// Formats timing data into a vector of strings with proper alignment
+pub fn format_timing_display(
+    timing_data: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, Duration, Duration)>,
+) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
+    let mut iter = timing_data.into_iter().peekable();
+    if iter.peek().is_none() {
+        return SmallVec::new();
+    }
+
+    struct Entry {
+        name: String,
+        avg_int: u64,
+        avg_decimal: u32,
+        avg_unit: &'static str,
+        std_int: u64,
+        std_decimal: u32,
+        std_unit: &'static str,
+    }
+
+    let entries = iter
+        .map(|(name, avg, std_dev)| {
+            let (avg_int, avg_decimal, avg_unit) = get_value(&avg);
+            let (std_int, std_decimal, std_unit) = get_value(&std_dev);
+
+            Entry {
+                name: name.clone(),
+                avg_int,
+                avg_decimal,
+                avg_unit,
+                std_int,
+                std_decimal,
+                std_unit,
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<SmallVec<[Entry; 12]>>();
+
+    let (max_name_width, max_avg_int_width, max_avg_decimal_width, max_std_int_width, max_std_decimal_width) = entries
+        .iter()
+        .fold((0, 0, 3, 0, 3), |(name_w, avg_int_w, avg_dec_w, std_int_w, std_dec_w), e| {
+            (
+                name_w.max(e.name.len()),
+                avg_int_w.max(e.avg_int.width() as usize),
+                avg_dec_w.max(e.avg_decimal.width() as usize),
+                std_int_w.max(e.std_int.width() as usize),
+                std_dec_w.max(e.std_decimal.width() as usize),
+            )
+        });
+
+    entries.iter().map(|e| {
+            format!(
+                "{name:max_name_width$} : {avg_int:max_avg_int_width$}.{avg_decimal:<max_avg_decimal_width$}{avg_unit} ± {std_int:max_std_int_width$}.{std_decimal:<max_std_decimal_width$}{std_unit}",
+                // Content
+                name = e.name,
+                avg_int = e.avg_int,
+                avg_decimal = e.avg_decimal,
+                std_int = e.std_int,
+                std_decimal = e.std_decimal,
+                // Units
+                avg_unit = e.avg_unit,
+                std_unit = e.std_unit,
+                // Padding
+                max_name_width = max_name_width,
+                max_avg_int_width = max_avg_int_width,
+                max_avg_decimal_width = max_avg_decimal_width,
+                max_std_int_width = max_std_int_width,
+                max_std_decimal_width = max_std_decimal_width
+            )
+        }).collect::<SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]>>()
+}
--- a/src/systems/ghost.rs
+++ b/src/systems/ghost.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+use rand::prelude::*;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+
+use crate::{
+    entity::{direction::Direction, graph::Edge},
+    map::builder::Map,
+    systems::{
+        components::{DeltaTime, Ghost},
+        movement::{Position, Velocity},
+    },
+};
+
+/// Ghost AI system that handles randomized movement decisions.
+///
+/// This system runs on all ghosts and makes periodic decisions about
+/// which direction to move in when they reach intersections.
+pub fn ghost_movement_system(
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut ghosts: Query<(&Ghost, &mut Velocity, &mut Position)>,
+) {
+    for (_ghost, mut velocity, mut position) in ghosts.iter_mut() {
+        let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+        loop {
+            match *position {
+                Position::Stopped { node: current_node } => {
+                    let intersection = &map.graph.adjacency_list[current_node];
+                    let opposite = velocity.direction.opposite();
+
+                    let mut non_opposite_options: SmallVec<[Edge; 3]> = SmallVec::new();
+
+                    // Collect all available directions that ghosts can traverse
+                    for edge in Direction::DIRECTIONS.iter().flat_map(|d| intersection.get(*d)) {
+                        if edge.traversal_flags.contains(crate::entity::graph::TraversalFlags::GHOST)
+                            && edge.direction != opposite
+                        {
+                            non_opposite_options.push(edge);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    let new_edge: Edge = if non_opposite_options.is_empty() {
+                        if let Some(edge) = intersection.get(opposite) {
+                            edge
+                        } else {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        *non_opposite_options.choose(&mut SmallRng::from_os_rng()).unwrap()
+                    };
+
+                    velocity.direction = new_edge.direction;
+                    *position = Position::Moving {
+                        from: current_node,
+                        to: new_edge.target,
+                        remaining_distance: new_edge.distance,
+                    };
+                }
+                Position::Moving { .. } => {
+                    if let Some(overflow) = position.tick(distance) {
+                        distance = overflow;
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/input.rs
+++ b/src/systems/input.rs
@@ -1,27 +1,22 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};

 use bevy_ecs::{
    event::EventWriter,
    resource::Resource,
-    system::{NonSendMut, Res},
+    system::{NonSendMut, ResMut},
 };
 use sdl2::{event::Event, keyboard::Keycode, EventPump};

-use crate::{entity::direction::Direction, events::GameEvent};
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum GameCommand {
-    MovePlayer(Direction),
-    Exit,
-    TogglePause,
-    ToggleDebug,
-    MuteAudio,
-    ResetLevel,
-}
+use crate::{
+    entity::direction::Direction,
+    events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
+};

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Resource)]
 pub struct Bindings {
    key_bindings: HashMap<Keycode, GameCommand>,
+    movement_keys: HashSet<Keycode>,
+    last_movement_key: Option<Keycode>,
 }

 impl Default for Bindings {
@@ -46,24 +41,74 @@ impl Default for Bindings {
        key_bindings.insert(Keycode::Escape, GameCommand::Exit);
        key_bindings.insert(Keycode::Q, GameCommand::Exit);

-        Self { key_bindings }
+        let movement_keys = HashSet::from([
+            Keycode::W,
+            Keycode::A,
+            Keycode::S,
+            Keycode::D,
+            Keycode::Up,
+            Keycode::Down,
+            Keycode::Left,
+            Keycode::Right,
+        ]);
+
+        Self {
+            key_bindings,
+            movement_keys,
+            last_movement_key: None,
+        }
    }
 }

-pub fn input_system(bindings: Res<Bindings>, mut writer: EventWriter<GameEvent>, mut pump: NonSendMut<&'static mut EventPump>) {
+pub fn input_system(
+    mut bindings: ResMut<Bindings>,
+    mut writer: EventWriter<GameEvent>,
+    mut pump: NonSendMut<&'static mut EventPump>,
+) {
+    let mut movement_key_pressed = false;
+
    for event in pump.poll_iter() {
        match event {
            Event::Quit { .. } => {
                writer.write(GameEvent::Command(GameCommand::Exit));
            }
-            Event::KeyDown { keycode: Some(key), .. } => {
+            Event::KeyUp {
+                repeat: false,
+                keycode: Some(key),
+                ..
+            } => {
+                // If the last movement key was released, then forget it.
+                if let Some(last_movement_key) = bindings.last_movement_key {
+                    if last_movement_key == key {
+                        bindings.last_movement_key = None;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Event::KeyDown {
+                keycode: Some(key),
+                repeat: false,
+                ..
+            } => {
                let command = bindings.key_bindings.get(&key).copied();
                if let Some(command) = command {
-                    tracing::info!("triggering command: {:?}", command);
                    writer.write(GameEvent::Command(command));
                }
+
+                if bindings.movement_keys.contains(&key) {
+                    movement_key_pressed = true;
+                    bindings.last_movement_key = Some(key);
+                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
+
+    if let Some(last_movement_key) = bindings.last_movement_key {
+        if !movement_key_pressed {
+            let command = bindings.key_bindings.get(&last_movement_key).copied();
+            if let Some(command) = command {
+                writer.write(GameEvent::Command(command));
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/src/systems/item.rs
+++ b/src/systems/item.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{event::EventReader, prelude::*, query::With, system::Query};
+
+use crate::{
+    events::GameEvent,
+    systems::{
+        audio::AudioEvent,
+        components::{EntityType, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, ScoreResource},
+    },
+};
+
+pub fn item_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut collision_events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
+    mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
+    pacman_query: Query<Entity, With<PacmanCollider>>,
+    item_query: Query<(Entity, &EntityType), With<ItemCollider>>,
+    mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
+) {
+    for event in collision_events.read() {
+        if let GameEvent::Collision(entity1, entity2) = event {
+            // Check if one is Pacman and the other is an item
+            let (_pacman_entity, item_entity) = if pacman_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() && item_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() {
+                (*entity1, *entity2)
+            } else if pacman_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() && item_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() {
+                (*entity2, *entity1)
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            // Get the item type and update score
+            if let Ok((item_ent, entity_type)) = item_query.get(item_entity) {
+                match entity_type {
+                    EntityType::Pellet => {
+                        score.0 += 10;
+                    }
+                    EntityType::PowerPellet => {
+                        score.0 += 50;
+                    }
+                    _ => continue,
+                }
+
+                // Remove the collected item
+                commands.entity(item_ent).despawn();
+
+                events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/mod.rs
+++ b/src/systems/mod.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,16 @@
 //! This module contains all the ECS-related logic, including components, systems,
 //! and resources.

+pub mod audio;
+pub mod blinking;
+pub mod collision;
 pub mod components;
-pub mod control;
+pub mod debug;
+pub mod formatting;
+pub mod ghost;
 pub mod input;
+pub mod item;
 pub mod movement;
+pub mod player;
+pub mod profiling;
 pub mod render;
--- a/src/systems/movement.rs
+++ b/src/systems/movement.rs
@@ -1,133 +1,298 @@
-use crate::entity::graph::{Edge, EdgePermissions, Graph};
-use crate::error::{EntityError, GameError};
-use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, EntityType, Position, Velocity};
-use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
+use crate::entity::graph::Graph;
+use crate::error::{EntityError, GameResult};
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
+use glam::Vec2;

-fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
-    match entity_type {
-        EntityType::Player => matches!(edge.permissions, EdgePermissions::All),
-        EntityType::Ghost => matches!(edge.permissions, EdgePermissions::All | EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly),
-        _ => matches!(edge.permissions, EdgePermissions::All),
-    }
+/// A unique identifier for a node, represented by its index in the graph's storage.
+pub type NodeId = usize;
+
+/// A component that represents the speed and cardinal direction of an entity.
+/// Speed is static, only applied when the entity has an edge to traverse.
+/// Direction is dynamic, but is controlled externally.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Velocity {
+    pub speed: f32,
+    pub direction: Direction,
 }

-pub fn movement_system(
-    map: Res<Map>,
-    delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut entities: Query<(&mut Velocity, &mut Position, &EntityType)>,
-    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
-) {
-    for (mut velocity, mut position, entity_type) in entities.iter_mut() {
-        let distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+/// A component that represents a direction change that is only remembered for a period of time.
+/// This is used to allow entities to change direction before they reach their current target node (which consumes their buffered direction).
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum BufferedDirection {
+    None,
+    Some { direction: Direction, remaining_time: f32 },
+}

-        // Decrement the remaining frames for the next direction
-        if let Some((direction, remaining)) = velocity.next_direction {
-            if remaining > 0 {
-                velocity.next_direction = Some((direction, remaining - 1));
-            } else {
-                velocity.next_direction = None;
+/// Pure spatial position component - works for both static and dynamic entities.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Position {
+    Stopped {
+        node: NodeId,
+    },
+    Moving {
+        from: NodeId,
+        to: NodeId,
+        remaining_distance: f32,
+    },
+}
+
+impl Position {
+    /// Calculates the current pixel position in the game world.
+    ///
+    /// Converts the graph position to screen coordinates, accounting for
+    /// the board offset and centering the sprite.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns an `EntityError` if the node or edge is not found.
+    pub fn get_pixel_position(&self, graph: &Graph) -> GameResult<Vec2> {
+        let pos = match &self {
+            Position::Stopped { node } => {
+                // Entity is stationary at a node
+                let node = graph.get_node(*node).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*node))?;
+                node.position
            }
-        }
+            Position::Moving {
+                from,
+                to,
+                remaining_distance,
+            } => {
+                // Entity is traveling between nodes
+                let from_node = graph.get_node(*from).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*from))?;
+                let to_node = graph.get_node(*to).ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(*to))?;
+                let edge = graph
+                    .find_edge(*from, *to)
+                    .ok_or(EntityError::EdgeNotFound { from: *from, to: *to })?;

-        match *position {
-            Position::AtNode(node_id) => {
-                // We're not moving, but a buffered direction is available.
-                if let Some((next_direction, _)) = velocity.next_direction {
-                    if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(node_id, next_direction) {
-                        if can_traverse(*entity_type, edge) {
-                            // Start moving in that direction
-                            *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                                from: node_id,
-                                to: edge.target,
-                                traversed: distance,
-                            };
-                            velocity.direction = next_direction;
-                            velocity.next_direction = None;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        errors.write(
-                            EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
-                                "No edge found in direction {:?} from node {}",
-                                next_direction, node_id
-                            ))
-                            .into(),
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, traversed } => {
-                // There is no point in any of the next logic if we don't travel at all
-                if distance <= 0.0 {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                let edge = map
-                    .graph
-                    .find_edge(from, to)
-                    .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        errors.write(
-                            EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
-                                "Inconsistent state: Traverser is on a non-existent edge from {} to {}.",
-                                from, to
-                            ))
-                            .into(),
-                        );
-                        return;
-                    })
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                let new_traversed = traversed + distance;
-
-                if new_traversed < edge.distance {
-                    // Still on the same edge, just update the distance.
-                    *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                        from,
-                        to,
-                        traversed: new_traversed,
-                    };
+                // For zero-distance edges (tunnels), progress >= 1.0 means we're at the target
+                if edge.distance == 0.0 {
+                    to_node.position
                } else {
-                    let overflow = new_traversed - edge.distance;
-                    let mut moved = false;
-
-                    // If we buffered a direction, try to find an edge in that direction
-                    if let Some((next_dir, _)) = velocity.next_direction {
-                        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(to, next_dir) {
-                            if can_traverse(*entity_type, edge) {
-                                *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                                    from: to,
-                                    to: edge.target,
-                                    traversed: overflow,
-                                };
-
-                                velocity.direction = next_dir; // Remember our new direction
-                                velocity.next_direction = None; // Consume the buffered direction
-                                moved = true;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    // If we didn't move, try to continue in the current direction
-                    if !moved {
-                        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(to, velocity.direction) {
-                            if can_traverse(*entity_type, edge) {
-                                *position = Position::BetweenNodes {
-                                    from: to,
-                                    to: edge.target,
-                                    traversed: overflow,
-                                };
-                            } else {
-                                *position = Position::AtNode(to);
-                                velocity.next_direction = None;
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            *position = Position::AtNode(to);
-                            velocity.next_direction = None;
-                        }
-                    }
+                    // Interpolate position based on progress
+                    let progress = 1.0 - (*remaining_distance / edge.distance);
+                    from_node.position.lerp(to_node.position, progress)
                }
            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(Vec2::new(
+            pos.x + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.x as f32,
+            pos.y + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.y as f32,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    /// Moves the position by a given distance towards it's current target node.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the overflow distance, if any.
+    pub fn tick(&mut self, distance: f32) -> Option<f32> {
+        if distance <= 0.0 || self.is_at_node() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        match self {
+            Position::Moving {
+                to, remaining_distance, ..
+            } => {
+                // If the remaining distance is less than or equal the distance, we'll reach the target
+                if *remaining_distance <= distance {
+                    let overflow: Option<f32> = if *remaining_distance != distance {
+                        Some(distance - *remaining_distance)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+                    *self = Position::Stopped { node: *to };
+
+                    return overflow;
+                }
+
+                *remaining_distance -= distance;
+
+                None
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the position is exactly at a node (not traveling).
+    pub fn is_at_node(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Position::Stopped { .. })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the current node (source of travel if moving).
+    pub fn current_node(&self) -> NodeId {
+        match self {
+            Position::Stopped { node } => *node,
+            Position::Moving { from, .. } => *from,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `NodeId` of the destination node, if currently traveling.
+    pub fn target_node(&self) -> Option<NodeId> {
+        match self {
+            Position::Stopped { .. } => None,
+            Position::Moving { to, .. } => Some(*to),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the entity is traveling between nodes.
+    pub fn is_moving(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Position::Moving { .. })
+    }
 }
+
+// pub fn movement_system(
+//     map: Res<Map>,
+//     delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
+//     mut entities: Query<(&mut Position, &mut Movable, &EntityType)>,
+//     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+// ) {
+//     for (mut position, mut movable, entity_type) in entities.iter_mut() {
+//         let distance = movable.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+
+//         match *position {
+//             Position::Stopped { .. } => {
+//                 // Check if we have a requested direction to start moving
+//                 if let Some(requested_direction) = movable.requested_direction {
+//                     if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.current_node(), requested_direction) {
+//                         if can_traverse(*entity_type, edge) {
+//                             // Start moving in the requested direction
+//                             let progress = if edge.distance > 0.0 {
+//                                 distance / edge.distance
+//                             } else {
+//                                 // Zero-distance edge (tunnels) - immediately teleport
+//                                 tracing::debug!(
+//                                     "Entity entering tunnel from node {} to node {}",
+//                                     position.current_node(),
+//                                     edge.target
+//                                 );
+//                                 1.0
+//                             };
+
+//                             *position = Position::Moving {
+//                                 from: position.current_node(),
+//                                 to: edge.target,
+//                                 remaining_distance: progress,
+//                             };
+//                             movable.current_direction = requested_direction;
+//                             movable.requested_direction = None;
+//                         }
+//                     } else {
+//                         errors.write(
+//                             EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
+//                                 "No edge found in direction {:?} from node {}",
+//                                 requested_direction,
+//                                 position.current_node()
+//                             ))
+//                             .into(),
+//                         );
+//                     }
+//                 }
+//             }
+//             Position::Moving {
+//                 from,
+//                 to,
+//                 remaining_distance,
+//             } => {
+//                 // Continue moving or handle node transitions
+//                 let current_node = *from;
+//                 if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge(current_node, *to) {
+//                     // Extract target node before mutable operations
+//                     let target_node = *to;
+
+//                     // Get the current edge for distance calculation
+//                     let edge = map.graph.find_edge(current_node, target_node);
+
+//                     if let Some(edge) = edge {
+//                         // Update progress along the edge
+//                         if edge.distance > 0.0 {
+//                             *remaining_distance += distance / edge.distance;
+//                         } else {
+//                             // Zero-distance edge (tunnels) - immediately complete
+//                             *remaining_distance = 1.0;
+//                         }
+
+//                         if *remaining_distance >= 1.0 {
+//                             // Reached the target node
+//                             let overflow = if edge.distance > 0.0 {
+//                                 (*remaining_distance - 1.0) * edge.distance
+//                             } else {
+//                                 // Zero-distance edge - use remaining distance for overflow
+//                                 distance
+//                             };
+//                             *position = Position::Stopped { node: target_node };
+
+//                             let mut continued_moving = false;
+
+//                             // Try to use requested direction first
+//                             if let Some(requested_direction) = movable.requested_direction {
+//                                 if let Some(next_edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.node, requested_direction) {
+//                                     if can_traverse(*entity_type, next_edge) {
+//                                         let next_progress = if next_edge.distance > 0.0 {
+//                                             overflow / next_edge.distance
+//                                         } else {
+//                                             // Zero-distance edge - immediately complete
+//                                             1.0
+//                                         };
+
+//                                         *position = Position::Moving {
+//                                             from: position.current_node(),
+//                                             to: next_edge.target,
+//                                             remaining_distance: next_progress,
+//                                         };
+//                                         movable.current_direction = requested_direction;
+//                                         movable.requested_direction = None;
+//                                         continued_moving = true;
+//                                     }
+//                                 }
+//                             }
+
+//                             // If no requested direction or it failed, try to continue in current direction
+//                             if !continued_moving {
+//                                 if let Some(next_edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.node, direction) {
+//                                     if can_traverse(*entity_type, next_edge) {
+//                                         let next_progress = if next_edge.distance > 0.0 {
+//                                             overflow / next_edge.distance
+//                                         } else {
+//                                             // Zero-distance edge - immediately complete
+//                                             1.0
+//                                         };
+
+//                                         *position = Position::Moving {
+//                                             from: position.current_node(),
+//                                             to: next_edge.target,
+//                                             remaining_distance: next_progress,
+//                                         };
+//                                         // Keep current direction and movement state
+//                                         continued_moving = true;
+//                                     }
+//                                 }
+//                             }
+
+//                             // If we couldn't continue moving, stop
+//                             if !continued_moving {
+//                                 *movement_state = MovementState::Stopped;
+//                                 movable.requested_direction = None;
+//                             }
+//                         }
+//                     } else {
+//                         // Edge not found - this is an inconsistent state
+//                         errors.write(
+//                             EntityError::InvalidMovement(format!(
+//                                 "Inconsistent state: Moving on non-existent edge from {} to {}",
+//                                 current_node, target_node
+//                             ))
+//                             .into(),
+//                         );
+//                         *movement_state = MovementState::Stopped;
+//                         position.edge_progress = None;
+//                     }
+//                 } else {
+//                     // Movement state says moving but no edge progress - this shouldn't happen
+//                     errors.write(EntityError::InvalidMovement("Entity in Moving state but no edge progress".to_string()).into());
+//                     *movement_state = MovementState::Stopped;
+//                 }
+//             }
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
--- a/src/systems/player.rs
+++ b/src/systems/player.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
+    prelude::ResMut,
+    query::With,
+    system::{Query, Res},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    entity::graph::Edge,
+    error::GameError,
+    events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
+    map::builder::Map,
+    systems::{
+        components::{AudioState, DeltaTime, EntityType, GlobalState, PlayerControlled},
+        debug::DebugState,
+        movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
+    },
+};
+
+// Handles player input and control
+pub fn player_control_system(
+    mut events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
+    mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>,
+    mut debug_state: ResMut<DebugState>,
+    mut audio_state: ResMut<AudioState>,
+    mut players: Query<&mut BufferedDirection, With<PlayerControlled>>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    // Get the player's movable component (ensuring there is only one player)
+    let mut buffered_direction = match players.single_mut() {
+        Ok(buffered_direction) => buffered_direction,
+        Err(e) => {
+            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
+                "No/multiple entities queried for player system: {}",
+                e
+            )));
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Handle events
+    for event in events.read() {
+        if let GameEvent::Command(command) = event {
+            match command {
+                GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
+                    *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::Some {
+                        direction: *direction,
+                        remaining_time: 0.25,
+                    };
+                }
+                GameCommand::Exit => {
+                    state.exit = true;
+                }
+                GameCommand::ToggleDebug => {
+                    *debug_state = debug_state.next();
+                }
+                GameCommand::MuteAudio => {
+                    audio_state.muted = !audio_state.muted;
+                    tracing::info!("Audio {}", if audio_state.muted { "muted" } else { "unmuted" });
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
+    let entity_flags = entity_type.traversal_flags();
+    edge.traversal_flags.contains(entity_flags)
+}
+
+pub fn player_movement_system(
+    map: Res<Map>,
+    delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut entities: Query<(&mut Position, &mut Velocity, &mut BufferedDirection), With<PlayerControlled>>,
+    // mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    for (mut position, mut velocity, mut buffered_direction) in entities.iter_mut() {
+        // Decrement the buffered direction remaining time
+        if let BufferedDirection::Some {
+            direction,
+            remaining_time,
+        } = *buffered_direction
+        {
+            if remaining_time <= 0.0 {
+                *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::None;
+            } else {
+                *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::Some {
+                    direction,
+                    remaining_time: remaining_time - delta_time.0,
+                };
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+
+        loop {
+            match *position {
+                Position::Stopped { .. } => {
+                    // If there is a buffered direction, travel it's edge first if available.
+                    if let BufferedDirection::Some { direction, .. } = *buffered_direction {
+                        // If there's no edge in that direction, ignore the buffered direction.
+                        if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.current_node(), direction) {
+                            // If there is an edge in that direction (and it's traversable), start moving towards it and consume the buffered direction.
+                            if can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge) {
+                                velocity.direction = edge.direction;
+                                *position = Position::Moving {
+                                    from: position.current_node(),
+                                    to: edge.target,
+                                    remaining_distance: edge.distance,
+                                };
+                                *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::None;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // If there is no buffered direction (or it's not yet valid), continue in the current direction.
+                    if let Some(edge) = map.graph.find_edge_in_direction(position.current_node(), velocity.direction) {
+                        if can_traverse(EntityType::Player, edge) {
+                            velocity.direction = edge.direction;
+                            *position = Position::Moving {
+                                from: position.current_node(),
+                                to: edge.target,
+                                remaining_distance: edge.distance,
+                            };
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // No edge in our current direction either, erase the buffered direction and stop.
+                        *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::None;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                Position::Moving { .. } => {
+                    if let Some(overflow) = position.tick(distance) {
+                        distance = overflow;
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/profiling.rs
+++ b/src/systems/profiling.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::Resource;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{IntoSystem, System};
+use circular_buffer::CircularBuffer;
+use micromap::Map;
+use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use strum::EnumCount;
+use strum_macros::{EnumCount, IntoStaticStr};
+use thousands::Separable;
+
+use crate::systems::formatting;
+
+/// The maximum number of systems that can be profiled. Must not be exceeded, or it will panic.
+const MAX_SYSTEMS: usize = SystemId::COUNT;
+/// The number of durations to keep in the circular buffer.
+const TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 30;
+
+#[derive(EnumCount, IntoStaticStr, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum SystemId {
+    Input,
+    PlayerControls,
+    Ghost,
+    Movement,
+    Audio,
+    Blinking,
+    DirectionalRender,
+    DirtyRender,
+    Render,
+    DebugRender,
+    Present,
+    Collision,
+    Item,
+    PlayerMovement,
+}
+
+impl Display for SystemId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", Into::<&'static str>::into(self).to_ascii_lowercase())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Resource, Default, Debug)]
+pub struct SystemTimings {
+    /// Map of system names to a queue of durations, using a circular buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Uses a RwLock to allow multiple readers for the HashMap, and a Mutex on the circular buffer for exclusive access.
+    /// This is probably overkill, but it's fun to play with.
+    ///
+    /// Also, we use a micromap::Map as the number of systems is generally quite small.
+    /// Just make sure to set the capacity appropriately, or it will panic.
+    pub timings: RwLock<Map<SystemId, Mutex<CircularBuffer<TIMING_WINDOW_SIZE, Duration>>, MAX_SYSTEMS>>,
+}
+
+impl SystemTimings {
+    pub fn add_timing(&self, id: SystemId, duration: Duration) {
+        // acquire a upgradable read lock
+        let mut timings = self.timings.upgradable_read();
+
+        // happy path, the name is already in the map (no need to mutate the hashmap)
+        if timings.contains_key(&id) {
+            let queue = timings
+                .get(&id)
+                .expect("System name not found in map after contains_key check");
+            let mut queue = queue.lock();
+
+            queue.push_back(duration);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // otherwise, acquire a write lock and insert a new queue
+        timings.with_upgraded(|timings| {
+            let queue = timings.entry(id).or_insert_with(|| Mutex::new(CircularBuffer::new()));
+            queue.lock().push_back(duration);
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_stats(&self) -> Map<SystemId, (Duration, Duration), MAX_SYSTEMS> {
+        let timings = self.timings.read();
+        let mut stats = Map::new();
+
+        for (id, queue) in timings.iter() {
+            if queue.lock().is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let durations: Vec<f64> = queue.lock().iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0).collect();
+            let count = durations.len() as f64;
+
+            let sum: f64 = durations.iter().sum();
+            let mean = sum / count;
+
+            let variance = durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
+            let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
+
+            stats.insert(
+                *id,
+                (
+                    Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
+                    Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
+                ),
+            );
+        }
+
+        stats
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_total_stats(&self) -> (Duration, Duration) {
+        let timings = self.timings.read();
+        let mut all_durations = Vec::new();
+
+        for queue in timings.values() {
+            all_durations.extend(queue.lock().iter().map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0));
+        }
+
+        if all_durations.is_empty() {
+            return (Duration::ZERO, Duration::ZERO);
+        }
+
+        let count = all_durations.len() as f64;
+        let sum: f64 = all_durations.iter().sum();
+        let mean = sum / count;
+
+        let variance = all_durations.iter().map(|x| (x - mean).powi(2)).sum::<f64>() / count;
+        let std_dev = variance.sqrt();
+
+        (
+            Duration::from_secs_f64(mean / 1000.0),
+            Duration::from_secs_f64(std_dev / 1000.0),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn format_timing_display(&self) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
+        let stats = self.get_stats();
+        let (total_avg, total_std) = self.get_total_stats();
+
+        let effective_fps = match 1.0 / total_avg.as_secs_f64() {
+            f if f > 100.0 => (f as u32).separate_with_commas(),
+            f if f < 10.0 => format!("{:.1} FPS", f),
+            f => format!("{:.0} FPS", f),
+        };
+
+        // Collect timing data for formatting
+        let mut timing_data = Vec::new();
+
+        // Add total stats
+        timing_data.push((effective_fps, total_avg, total_std));
+
+        // Add top 5 most expensive systems
+        let mut sorted_stats: Vec<_> = stats.iter().collect();
+        sorted_stats.sort_by(|a, b| b.1 .0.cmp(&a.1 .0));
+
+        for (name, (avg, std_dev)) in sorted_stats.iter().take(5) {
+            timing_data.push((name.to_string(), *avg, *std_dev));
+        }
+
+        // Use the formatting module to format the data
+        formatting::format_timing_display(timing_data)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn profile<S, M>(id: SystemId, system: S) -> impl FnMut(&mut bevy_ecs::world::World)
+where
+    S: IntoSystem<(), (), M> + 'static,
+{
+    let mut system: S::System = IntoSystem::into_system(system);
+    let mut is_initialized = false;
+    move |world: &mut bevy_ecs::world::World| {
+        if !is_initialized {
+            system.initialize(world);
+            is_initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        system.run((), world);
+        let duration = start.elapsed();
+
+        if let Some(timings) = world.get_resource::<SystemTimings>() {
+            timings.add_timing(id, duration);
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/systems/render.rs
+++ b/src/systems/render.rs
@@ -1,36 +1,54 @@
 use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, Position, Renderable, Velocity};
+use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, RenderDirty, Renderable};
+use crate::systems::movement::{Position, Velocity};
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
 use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res};
+use bevy_ecs::prelude::{Changed, Or, RemovedComponents};
+use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res, ResMut};
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
 use sdl2::video::Window;

+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn dirty_render_system(
+    mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
+    changed_renderables: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>)>>,
+    removed_renderables: RemovedComponents<Renderable>,
+) {
+    if !changed_renderables.is_empty() || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
+        dirty.0 = true;
+    }
+}
+
 /// Updates the directional animated texture of an entity.
 ///
 /// This runs before the render system so it can update the sprite based on the current direction of travel, as well as whether the entity is moving.
 pub fn directional_render_system(
    dt: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut renderables: Query<(&Velocity, &mut DirectionalAnimated, &mut Renderable, &Position)>,
+    mut renderables: Query<(&Position, &Velocity, &mut DirectionalAnimated, &mut Renderable)>,
    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
-    for (velocity, mut texture, mut renderable, position) in renderables.iter_mut() {
-        let stopped = matches!(position, Position::AtNode(_));
+    for (position, velocity, mut texture, mut renderable) in renderables.iter_mut() {
+        let stopped = matches!(position, Position::Stopped { .. });
+        let current_direction = velocity.direction;
+
        let texture = if stopped {
-            texture.stopped_textures[velocity.direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+            texture.stopped_textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
        } else {
-            texture.textures[velocity.direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
+            texture.textures[current_direction.as_usize()].as_mut()
        };

        if let Some(texture) = texture {
            if !stopped {
                texture.tick(dt.0);
            }
-            renderable.sprite = *texture.current_tile();
+            let new_tile = *texture.current_tile();
+            if renderable.sprite != new_tile {
+                renderable.sprite = new_tile;
+            }
        } else {
-            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Entity has no texture")).into());
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed("Entity has no texture".to_string()).into());
            continue;
        }
    }
@@ -42,19 +60,20 @@ pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
 /// A non-send resource for the backbuffer texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
 pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture<'static>);

+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn render_system(
    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
    map_texture: NonSendMut<MapTextureResource>,
    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
    mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
    map: Res<Map>,
-    renderables: Query<(Entity, &mut Renderable, &Position)>,
+    dirty: Res<RenderDirty>,
+    renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position)>,
    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
-    // Clear the main canvas first
-    canvas.set_draw_color(sdl2::pixels::Color::BLACK);
-    canvas.clear();
-
+    if !dirty.0 {
+        return;
+    }
    // Render to backbuffer
    canvas
        .with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |backbuffer_canvas| {
@@ -63,18 +82,21 @@ pub fn render_system(
            backbuffer_canvas.clear();

            // Copy the pre-rendered map texture to the backbuffer
-            backbuffer_canvas
-                .copy(&map_texture.0, None, None)
-                .err()
-                .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
+            if let Err(e) = backbuffer_canvas.copy(&map_texture.0, None, None) {
+                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into());
+            }

            // Render all entities to the backbuffer
-            for (_, mut renderable, position) in renderables
-            // .iter_mut()
-            // .sort_by_key::<&mut Renderable, _, _>(|(renderable, renderable, renderable)| renderable.layer)
-            // .collect()
+            for (_, renderable, position) in renderables
+                .iter()
+                .sort_by_key::<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), _>(|(_, renderable, _)| renderable.layer)
+                .rev()
            {
-                let pos = position.get_pixel_pos(&map.graph);
+                if !renderable.visible {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph);
                match pos {
                    Ok(pos) => {
                        let dest = crate::helpers::centered_with_size(
@@ -89,19 +111,11 @@ pub fn render_system(
                            .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
-                        errors.write(e.into());
+                        errors.write(e);
                    }
                }
            }
        })
        .err()
        .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
-
-    // Copy backbuffer to main canvas and present
-    canvas
-        .copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None)
-        .err()
-        .map(|e| errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(e.to_string()).into()));
-
-    canvas.present();
 }
--- a/src/texture/sprite.rs
+++ b/src/texture/sprite.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct MapperFrame {
    pub height: u16,
 }

-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct AtlasTile {
    pub pos: U16Vec2,
    pub size: U16Vec2,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub struct AtlasTile {

 impl AtlasTile {
    pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
        dest: Rect,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl AtlasTile {
    }

    pub fn render_with_color<C: RenderTarget>(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
        dest: Rect,
--- a/src/texture/text.rs
+++ b/src/texture/text.rs
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ impl TextTexture {
        &self.char_map
    }

-    pub fn get_tile(&mut self, c: char, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas) -> Result<Option<&mut AtlasTile>> {
+    pub fn get_tile(&mut self, c: char, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas) -> Result<Option<&AtlasTile>> {
        if self.char_map.contains_key(&c) {
-            return Ok(self.char_map.get_mut(&c));
+            return Ok(self.char_map.get(&c));
        }

        if let Some(tile_name) = char_to_tile_name(c) {
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ impl TextTexture {
                .get_tile(&tile_name)
                .ok_or(GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(tile_name)))?;
            self.char_map.insert(c, tile);
-            Ok(self.char_map.get_mut(&c))
+            Ok(self.char_map.get(&c))
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
--- a/tests/formatting.rs
+++ b/tests/formatting.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+use pacman::systems::formatting::format_timing_display;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+fn get_timing_data() -> Vec<(String, Duration, Duration)> {
+    vec![
+        ("total".to_string(), Duration::from_micros(1234), Duration::from_micros(570)),
+        ("input".to_string(), Duration::from_micros(120), Duration::from_micros(45)),
+        ("player".to_string(), Duration::from_micros(456), Duration::from_micros(123)),
+        ("movement".to_string(), Duration::from_micros(789), Duration::from_micros(234)),
+        ("render".to_string(), Duration::from_micros(12), Duration::from_micros(3)),
+        ("debug".to_string(), Duration::from_nanos(460), Duration::from_nanos(557)),
+    ]
+}
+
+fn get_formatted_output() -> impl IntoIterator<Item = String> {
+    format_timing_display(get_timing_data())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_formatting_alignment() {
+    let mut colon_positions = vec![];
+    let mut first_decimal_positions = vec![];
+    let mut second_decimal_positions = vec![];
+    let mut first_unit_positions = vec![];
+    let mut second_unit_positions = vec![];
+
+    get_formatted_output().into_iter().for_each(|line| {
+        let (mut got_decimal, mut got_unit) = (false, false);
+        for (i, char) in line.chars().enumerate() {
+            match char {
+                ':' => colon_positions.push(i),
+                '.' => {
+                    if got_decimal {
+                        second_decimal_positions.push(i);
+                    } else {
+                        first_decimal_positions.push(i);
+                    }
+                    got_decimal = true;
+                }
+                's' => {
+                    if got_unit {
+                        first_unit_positions.push(i);
+                    } else {
+                        second_unit_positions.push(i);
+                        got_unit = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Assert that all positions were found
+    assert_eq!(
+        [
+            &colon_positions,
+            &first_decimal_positions,
+            &second_decimal_positions,
+            &first_unit_positions,
+            &second_unit_positions
+        ]
+        .iter()
+        .all(|p| p.len() == 6),
+        true
+    );
+
+    // Assert that all positions are the same
+    assert!(
+        colon_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == colon_positions[0]),
+        "colon positions are not the same {:?}",
+        colon_positions
+    );
+    assert!(
+        first_decimal_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == first_decimal_positions[0]),
+        "first decimal positions are not the same {:?}",
+        first_decimal_positions
+    );
+    assert!(
+        second_decimal_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == second_decimal_positions[0]),
+        "second decimal positions are not the same {:?}",
+        second_decimal_positions
+    );
+    assert!(
+        first_unit_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == first_unit_positions[0]),
+        "first unit positions are not the same {:?}",
+        first_unit_positions
+    );
+    assert!(
+        second_unit_positions.iter().all(|&p| p == second_unit_positions[0]),
+        "second unit positions are not the same {:?}",
+        second_unit_positions
+    );
+}
--- a/tests/graph.rs
+++ b/tests/graph.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use pacman::entity::direction::Direction;
-use pacman::entity::graph::{EdgePermissions, Graph, Node};
+use pacman::entity::graph::{Graph, Node, TraversalFlags};

 fn create_test_graph() -> Graph {
    let mut graph = Graph::new();
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ fn test_graph_edge_permissions() {
    });

    graph
-        .add_edge(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly)
+        .add_edge(node1, node2, false, None, Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::GHOST)
        .unwrap();

    let edge = graph.find_edge_in_direction(node1, Direction::Right).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(edge.permissions, EdgePermissions::GhostsOnly);
+    assert_eq!(edge.traversal_flags, TraversalFlags::GHOST);
 }

 #[test]
@@ -118,21 +118,21 @@ fn should_error_on_negative_edge_distance() {
        position: glam::Vec2::new(16.0, 0.0),
    });

-    let result = graph.add_edge(node1, node2, false, Some(-1.0), Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::All);
+    let result = graph.add_edge(node1, node2, false, Some(-1.0), Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
    assert!(result.is_err());
 }

 #[test]
 fn should_error_on_duplicate_edge_without_replace() {
    let mut graph = create_test_graph();
-    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, false, None, Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::All);
+    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, false, None, Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
    assert!(result.is_err());
 }

 #[test]
 fn should_allow_replacing_an_edge() {
    let mut graph = create_test_graph();
-    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, true, Some(42.0), Direction::Right, EdgePermissions::All);
+    let result = graph.add_edge(0, 1, true, Some(42.0), Direction::Right, TraversalFlags::ALL);
    assert!(result.is_ok());

    let edge = graph.find_edge(0, 1).unwrap();
--- a/tests/profiling.rs
+++ b/tests/profiling.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use pacman::systems::profiling::{SystemId, SystemTimings};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_timing_statistics() {
+    let timings = SystemTimings::default();
+
+    // Add some test data
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(10));
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(12));
+    timings.add_timing(SystemId::PlayerControls, Duration::from_millis(8));
+
+    let stats = timings.get_stats();
+    let (avg, std_dev) = stats.get(&SystemId::PlayerControls).unwrap();
+
+    // Average should be 10ms, standard deviation should be small
+    assert!((avg.as_millis() as f64 - 10.0).abs() < 1.0);
+    assert!(std_dev.as_millis() > 0);
+
+    let (total_avg, total_std) = timings.get_total_stats();
+    assert!((total_avg.as_millis() as f64 - 10.0).abs() < 1.0);
+    assert!(total_std.as_millis() > 0);
+}
+
+// #[test]
+// fn test_window_size_limit() {
+//     let timings = SystemTimings::default();
+
+//     // Add more than 90 timings to test window size limit
+//     for i in 0..100 {
+//         timings.add_timing("test_system", Duration::from_millis(i));
+//     }
+
+//     let stats = timings.get_stats();
+//     let (avg, _) = stats.get("test_system").unwrap();
+
+//     // Should only keep the last 90 values, so average should be around 55ms
+//     // (average of 10-99)
+//     assert!((avg.as_millis() as f64 - 55.0).abs() < 5.0);
+// }
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Xevion	2140fbec1b	fix: allow key holddown	2025-08-16 12:00:58 -05:00
Xevion	78300bdf9c	feat: rewrite movement systems separately for player/ghosts	2025-08-16 11:44:10 -05:00
Xevion	514a447162	refactor: use strum::EnumCount for const compile time system mapping	2025-08-16 11:43:46 -05:00
Xevion	3d0bc66e40	feat: ghosts system	2025-08-15 20:38:18 -05:00
Xevion	e0a15c1ca8	feat: implement audio muting functionality	2025-08-15 20:30:41 -05:00
Xevion	fa12611c69	feat: ecs audio system	2025-08-15 20:28:47 -05:00
Xevion	342f378860	fix: use renderable layer properly, sorting entities before presenting	2025-08-15 20:10:16 -05:00
Xevion	e8944598cc	chore: fix clippy warnings	2025-08-15 20:10:16 -05:00
Xevion	6af25af5f3	test: better formatting tests, alignment-based	2025-08-15 19:39:59 -05:00
Xevion	f1935ad016	refactor: use smallvec instead of collect string, explicit formatting, accumulator fold	2025-08-15 19:15:06 -05:00
Xevion	4d397bba5f	feat: item collection system, score mutations	2025-08-15 18:41:08 -05:00
Xevion	80930ddd35	fix: use const MAX_SYSTEMS to ensure micromap maps are aligned in size	2025-08-15 18:40:24 -05:00
Xevion	0133dd5329	feat: add background for text contrast to debug window	2025-08-15 18:39:39 -05:00
Xevion	635418a4da	refactor: use stack allocated circular buffer, use RwLock+Mutex for concurrent system timing access	2025-08-15 18:06:25 -05:00
Xevion	31193160a9	feat: debug text rendering of statistics, formatting with tests	2025-08-15 17:52:16 -05:00
Xevion	3086453c7b	chore: adjust collider sizes	2025-08-15 16:25:42 -05:00
Xevion	a8b83b8e2b	feat: high resolution debug rendering	2025-08-15 16:20:24 -05:00
Xevion	8ce2af89c8	fix: add visibility check to rendering implementation	2025-08-15 15:10:09 -05:00
Xevion	5f0ee87dd9	feat: better profiling statistics, less spammy	2025-08-15 15:06:53 -05:00
Xevion	b88895e82f	feat: separate dirty rendering with flag resource	2025-08-15 14:19:39 -05:00
Xevion	2f0c734d13	feat: only present/render canvas when renderables change	2025-08-15 14:15:18 -05:00
Xevion	e96b3159d7	fix: disable vsync	2025-08-15 13:46:57 -05:00
Xevion	8c95ecc547	feat: add profiling	2025-08-15 13:46:39 -05:00
Xevion	02a98c9f32	chore: remove unnecessary log, simplify match to if let	2025-08-15 13:05:55 -05:00
Xevion	7f95c0233e	refactor: move position/movement related components into systems/movement	2025-08-15 13:05:03 -05:00
Xevion	a531228b95	chore: update thiserror & phf crates	2025-08-15 13:04:39 -05:00
Xevion	de86f383bf	refactor: improve representation of movement system	2025-08-15 12:50:07 -05:00
Xevion	bd811ee783	fix: initial next direction for pacman (mitigation)	2025-08-15 12:30:29 -05:00
Xevion	57d7f75940	feat: implement generic optimized collision system	2025-08-15 12:21:29 -05:00
Xevion	c5d6ea28e1	fix: discard PlayerControlled tag component	2025-08-15 11:28:08 -05:00