ci: fix vcpkg cache keys to use target for platforms with multiple targets, allow restore oldkey

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ rustflags = [
     # "-C", "link-args=-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1",
     "-C", "link-args=-sUSE_SDL=2 -sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2 -sUSE_SDL_MIXER=2 -sUSE_OGG=1 -sUSE_SDL_GFX=2 -sUSE_SDL_TTF=2 -sSDL2_IMAGE_FORMATS=['png']",
     # USE_OGG, USE_VORBIS for OGG/VORBIS usage
-    "-C", "link-args=--preload-file assets/",
+    "-C", "link-args=--preload-file assets/game/",
-]
+]

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* text=auto eol=lf

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+name: Build
+
+on: [push]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+env:
+  RUST_TOOLCHAIN: 1.86.0
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build (${{ matrix.target }})
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            artifact_name: pacman
+          - os: macos-13
+            target: x86_64-apple-darwin
+            artifact_name: pacman
+          - os: macos-latest
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            artifact_name: pacman
+          - os: windows-latest
+            target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+            artifact_name: pacman.exe
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Rust Toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+        with:
+          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
+
+      - name: Rust Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - name: Cache vcpkg
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: target/vcpkg
+          key: vcpkg-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('Cargo.toml', 'Cargo.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-vcpkg
+            vcpkg-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-
+
+      - name: Vcpkg Linux Dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential gettext libltdl-dev zlib1g-dev
+
+      - name: Vcpkg
+        run: |
+          cargo install cargo-vcpkg
+          cargo vcpkg -v build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: cargo build --release
+
+      - name: Acquire Package Version
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          PACKAGE_VERSION=$(cargo metadata --format-version 1 --no-deps | jq '.packages[0].version' -r)
+          echo "PACKAGE_VERSION=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Upload Artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: "pacman-${{ env.PACKAGE_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.target }}"
+          path: ./target/release/${{ matrix.artifact_name }}
+          retention-days: 7
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  wasm:
+    name: Build (wasm32-unknown-emscripten)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pages: write
+      id-token: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Emscripten SDK
+        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
+        with:
+          version: 3.1.43
+          actions-cache-folder: "emsdk-cache"
+
+      - name: Setup Rust (WASM32 Emscripten)
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+        with:
+          target: wasm32-unknown-emscripten
+          toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_TOOLCHAIN }}
+
+      - name: Rust Cache
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+      - name: Install pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v3
+        with:
+          version: 8
+          run_install: true
+
+      - name: Build with Emscripten
+        run: |
+          cargo build --target=wasm32-unknown-emscripten --release
+
+      - name: Assemble
+        run: |
+          echo "Generating CSS"
+          pnpx postcss-cli ./assets/site/styles.scss -o ./assets/site/build.css
+
+          echo "Copying WASM files"
+
+          mkdir -p dist
+          cp assets/site/{build.css,favicon.ico,index.html} dist
+          output_folder="target/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/release"
+          cp $output_folder/pacman.{wasm,js} $output_folder/deps/pacman.data dist
+
+      - name: Upload Artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          path: "./dist/"
+          retention-days: 7
+
+      - name: Deploy
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.github/workflows/deploy.yaml

@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-name: Build
-
-on: [push]
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-jobs:
-  wasm:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    permissions:
-      pages: write
-      id-token: write
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Setup Emscripten SDK
-        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
-        with:
-          version: 3.1.43
-
-      - name: Setup Rust (WASM32 Emscripten)
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          target: wasm32-unknown-emscripten
-
-      - name: Rust Cache
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-
-      - name: Install pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v3
-        with:
-          version: 8
-          run_install: true
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: ./scripts/build.sh -er # release mode, skip emsdk
-
-      - name: Upload Artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          path: "./dist/"
-          retention-days: 7
-
-      - name: Deploy
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
-
-  linux:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      TARGET: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Install SDL2 Packages
-        run: sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev libsdl2-image-dev libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-ttf-dev libsdl2-gfx-dev
-
-      - name: Setup Rust Toolchain (Linux)
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          target: ${{ env.TARGET }}
-
-      - name: Rust Cache
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: cargo build --release
-
-      - name: Assemble Archive
-        run: |
-          mkdir /tmp/example/
-          cp ./target/release/pacman /tmp/example/
-          chmod a+x /tmp/example/pacman
-          mkdir /tmp/example/assets
-          cp ./assets/TerminalVector.ttf ./assets/fruit.png /tmp/example/assets
-
-      - name: Install Cargo Binstall
-        uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@main
-
-      - name: Acquire Package Version
-        run: |
-          cargo binstall toml-cli -y
-          PACKAGE_VERSION=$(toml get ./Cargo.toml package.version --raw)
-          echo "PACKAGE_VERSION=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Upload Artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: "pacman-${{ env.PACKAGE_VERSION }}-${{ env.TARGET }}"
-          path: /tmp/example/
-          retention-days: 7
-          if-no-files-found: error
-
-  macos:
-    runs-on: macos-13
-    env:
-      TARGET: x86_64-apple-darwin
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Install SDL2 Packages
-        run: brew install sdl2 sdl2_image sdl2_mixer sdl2_ttf sdl2_gfx
-
-      - name: Setup Rust Toolchain (MacOS)
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          target: ${{ env.TARGET }}
-
-      - name: Rust Cache
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: cargo build --release
-
-      - name: Assemble Archive
-        run: |
-          mkdir /tmp/example/
-          cp ./target/release/pacman /tmp/example/
-          mkdir /tmp/example/assets
-          cp ./assets/TerminalVector.ttf ./assets/fruit.png /tmp/example/assets
-
-      - name: Install Cargo Binstall
-        uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@main
-
-      - name: Acquire Package Version
-        run: |
-          cargo binstall toml-cli -y
-          PACKAGE_VERSION=$(toml get ./Cargo.toml package.version --raw)
-          echo "PACKAGE_VERSION=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Upload Artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: "pacman-${{ env.PACKAGE_VERSION }}-${{ env.TARGET }}"
-          path: /tmp/example/
-          retention-days: 7
-          if-no-files-found: error
-
-  windows:
-    env:
-      TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-      SDL2: 2.30.2
-      SDL2_TTF: 2.22.0
-      SDL2_MIXER: 2.8.0
-      SDL2_IMAGE: 2.8.2
-      # SDL2_GFX: 1.0.4
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Download SDL2 Libraries
-        run: |
-          curl -L "https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/releases/download/release-${{ env.SDL2 }}/SDL2-devel-${{ env.SDL2 }}-VC.zip" -o "sdl2_devel.zip"
-          curl -L "https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_mixer/releases/download/release-${{ env.SDL2_MIXER }}/SDL2_mixer-devel-${{ env.SDL2_MIXER }}-VC.zip" -o "sdl2_mixer_devel.zip"
-          curl -L "https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_ttf/releases/download/release-${{ env.SDL2_TTF }}/SDL2_ttf-devel-${{ env.SDL2_TTF }}-VC.zip" -o "sdl2_ttf_devel.zip"
-          curl -L "https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_image/releases/download/release-${{ env.SDL2_IMAGE }}/SDL2_image-devel-${{ env.SDL2_IMAGE }}-VC.zip" -o "sdl2_image_devel.zip"
-
-      - name: Extract SDL2 DLLs
-        run: |
-          7z x ./sdl2_devel.zip -o"./tmp/"
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2-${{ env.SDL2 }}/lib/x64/SDL2.dll ./
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2-${{ env.SDL2 }}/lib/x64/SDL2.lib ./
-
-          7z x ./sdl2_mixer_devel.zip -o"./tmp/"
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2_mixer-${{ env.SDL2_MIXER }}/lib/x64/SDL2_mixer.dll ./
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2_mixer-${{ env.SDL2_MIXER }}/lib/x64/SDL2_mixer.lib ./
-
-          7z x ./sdl2_ttf_devel.zip -o"./tmp/"
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2_ttf-${{ env.SDL2_TTF }}/lib/x64/SDL2_ttf.dll ./
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2_ttf-${{ env.SDL2_TTF }}/lib/x64/SDL2_ttf.lib ./
-
-          7z x ./sdl2_image_devel.zip -o"./tmp/"
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2_image-${{ env.SDL2_IMAGE }}/lib/x64/SDL2_image.dll ./
-          mv ./tmp/SDL2_image-${{ env.SDL2_IMAGE }}/lib/x64/SDL2_image.lib ./
-
-      - name: Install SDL2_gfx
-        run: |
-          C:\vcpkg\vcpkg.exe install sdl2-gfx:x64-windows-release
-          cp C:\vcpkg\packages\sdl2-gfx_x64-windows-release\bin\SDL2_gfx.dll ./
-          cp C:\vcpkg\packages\sdl2-gfx_x64-windows-release\lib\SDL2_gfx.lib ./
-
-      - name: Setup Rust (Windows)
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          targets: ${{ env.TARGET }}
-
-      - name: Rust Cache
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: cargo build --release
-
-      - name: Prepare Archive
-        run: |
-          New-Item -Type Directory ./release/
-          Move-Item -Path ./target/release/pacman.exe -Destination ./release/
-          Move-Item -Path ./SDL2.dll, ./SDL2_image.dll, ./SDL2_ttf.dll, ./SDL2_mixer.dll, ./SDL2_gfx.dll -Destination ./release/
-          New-Item -Type Directory ./release/assets/
-          Move-Item -Path ./assets/TerminalVector.ttf, ./assets/fruit.png -Destination ./release/assets/
-
-      - name: Install Cargo Binstall
-        uses: cargo-bins/cargo-binstall@main
-
-      - name: Acquire Package Version
-        run: |
-          cargo binstall toml-cli -y
-          PACKAGE_VERSION=$(toml get ./Cargo.toml package.version --raw)
-          echo "PACKAGE_VERSION=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Upload Artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: "pacman-${{ env.PACKAGE_VERSION }}-${{ env.TARGET }}"
-          path: ./release/
-          retention-days: 7
-          if-no-files-found: error

.gitignore

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 .idea
 *.dll
 rust-sdl2-emscripten/
-assets/build.css
+assets/site/build.css
-emsdk/
+emsdk/

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v5.0.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: trailing-whitespace
+      - id: end-of-file-fixer
+      - id: check-added-large-files
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+      - id: check-case-conflict
+      - id: check-toml
+      - id: check-yaml
+      - id: forbid-submodules
+      - id: mixed-line-ending
+
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: cargo-fmt
+        name: cargo fmt
+        entry: cargo fmt --all --
+        language: system
+        types: [rust]
+        pass_filenames: false

BUILD.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# Building Pac-Man
-
-## GitHub Actions Workflow
-
-1. Build workflow produces executables & WASM files for all platforms
-2. Uploaded as artifacts
-3. Deployment workflow downloads artifacts and uploads to GitHub Pages

Cargo.lock

@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "anyhow"
+version = "1.0.98"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e16d2d3311acee920a9eb8d33b8cbc1787ce4a264e85f964c2404b969bdcd487"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -71,6 +77,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "glam"
+version = "0.30.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "50a99dbe56b72736564cfa4b85bf9a33079f16ae8b74983ab06af3b1a3696b11"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.15.4"
@@ -150,9 +162,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.18.0"
+version = "1.21.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd8b5dd2ae5ed71462c540258bedcb51965123ad7e7ccf4b9a8cafaa4a63576d"
+checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "overload"
@@ -164,12 +176,16 @@ checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
 name = "pacman"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "glam",
  "lazy_static",
  "libc",
+ "once_cell",
  "pathfinding",
  "rand",
  "sdl2",
  "spin_sleep",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-error",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -187,7 +203,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "integer-sqrt",
  "num-traits",
  "rustc-hash",
- "thiserror",
+ "thiserror 2.0.12",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -374,13 +390,33 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl 1.0.69",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "2.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "567b8a2dae586314f7be2a752ec7474332959c6460e02bde30d702a66d488708"
 dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl",
+ "thiserror-impl 2.0.12",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

Cargo.toml

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ sdl2 = { version = "0.38.0", features = ["image", "ttf"] }
 spin_sleep = "1.3.2"
 rand = "0.9.2"
 pathfinding = "4.14"
+once_cell = "1.21.3"
+thiserror = "1.0"
+anyhow = "1.0"
+glam = "0.30.4"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies.winapi]
 version = "0.3"
@@ -31,13 +35,15 @@ default-features = false
 features = ["ttf","image","gfx","mixer","static-link","use-vcpkg"]
 
 [package.metadata.vcpkg]
-dependencies = ["sdl2", "sdl2-image[libjpeg-turbo,tiff,libwebp]", "sdl2-ttf", "sdl2-gfx", "sdl2-mixer"]
+dependencies = ["sdl2", "sdl2-image", "sdl2-ttf", "sdl2-gfx", "sdl2-mixer"]
 git = "https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg"
 rev = "2024.05.24" # release 2024.05.24 # to check for a new one, check https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/releases
 
 [package.metadata.vcpkg.target]
 x86_64-pc-windows-msvc = { triplet = "x64-windows-static-md" }
-stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu = { triplet = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" }
+x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu = { triplet = "x64-linux" }
+x86_64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "x64-osx" }
+aarch64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "arm64-osx" }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies]
 libc = "0.2.16"

IMPLEMENTATION.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# Implementation
-
-A document detailing the implementation the project from rendering, to game logic, to build systems.
-
-## Rendering
-
-1. Map
-    - May require procedural text generation later on (cacheable?)
-2. Pacman
-3. Ghosts
-    - Requires colors
-4. Items
-5. Interface
-    - Requires fonts
-
-## Grid System
-
-1. How does the grid system work?
-
-The grid is 28 x 36 (although, the map texture is 28 x 37), and each cell is 24x24 (pixels).
-Many of the walls in the map texture only occupy a portion of the cell, so some items are able to render across multiple cells.
-24x24 assets include pellets, the energizer, and the map itself ()
-
-2. What constraints must be enforced on Ghosts and PacMan?
-
-3. How do movement transitions work?
-
-All entities store a precise position, and a direction. This position is only used for animation, rendering, and collision purposes. Otherwise, a separate 'cell position' (which is 24 times less precise, owing to the fact that it is based on the entity's position within the grid).
-
-When an entity is transitioning between cells, movement directions are acknowledged, but won't take effect until the next cell has been entered completely.
-
-4. Between transitions, how does collision detection work?
-
-It appears the original implementation used cell-level detection.
-I worry this may be prone to division errors. Make sure to use rounding (50% >=).

assets/site/build.css

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+@tailwind base;
+@tailwind components;
+@tailwind utilities;
+
+@font-face {
+    font-family: "Liberation Mono";
+    src:
+        url("LiberationMono.woff2") format("woff2"),
+        url("LiberationMono.woff") format("woff");
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-style: normal;
+    font-display: swap;
+}
+
+canvas {
+    @apply w-full h-[65vh] min-h-[200px] block mx-auto bg-black;
+}
+
+.code {
+    @apply px-1 rounded font-mono bg-zinc-900 border border-zinc-700 lowercase;
+}
+
+/*# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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 */

build.sh

@@ -52,20 +52,18 @@ else
 fi
 
 echo "Generating CSS"
-pnpx postcss-cli ./assets/styles.scss -o ./assets/build.css
+pnpx postcss-cli ./assets/site/styles.scss -o ./assets/site/build.css
 
 echo "Copying WASM files"
 mkdir -p dist
 output_folder="target/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/$build_type"
-cp assets/index.html dist
 
-# cp assets/*.woff* dist
+cp assets/site/{build.css,favicon.ico,index.html} dist
-cp assets/build.css dist
+cp $output_folder/pacman.{wasm,js} dist
-cp assets/favicon.ico dist
+if [ -f $output_folder/deps/pacman.data ]; then
-cp $output_folder/pacman.wasm dist
+    cp $output_folder/deps/pacman.data dist
-cp $output_folder/pacman.js dist
+fi
-# only if .data file exists
+
-cp $output_folder/deps/pacman.data dist
 if [ -f $output_folder/pacman.wasm.map ]; then
     cp $output_folder/pacman.wasm.map dist
 fi

build.ts

@@ -56,40 +56,47 @@ async function setupEmscripten() {
 
 async function buildWeb(release: boolean) {
   console.log("Building WASM with Emscripten...");
+  const rustcFlags = [
+    "-C",
+    "link-arg=--preload-file",
+    "-C",
+    "link-arg=assets",
+  ].join(" ");
+
   if (release) {
-    await $`cargo build --target=wasm32-unknown-emscripten --release`;
+    await $`env RUSTFLAGS=${rustcFlags} cargo build --target=wasm32-unknown-emscripten --release`;
   } else {
-    await $`cargo build --target=wasm32-unknown-emscripten`;
+    await $`env RUSTFLAGS=${rustcFlags} cargo build --target=wasm32-unknown-emscripten`;
   }
 
   console.log("Generating CSS...");
-  await $`pnpx postcss-cli ./assets/styles.scss -o ./assets/build.css`;
+  await $`pnpx postcss-cli ./assets/site/styles.scss -o ./assets/site/build.css`;
 
   console.log("Copying WASM files...");
   const buildType = release ? "release" : "debug";
   const outputFolder = `target/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/${buildType}`;
   await $`mkdir -p dist`;
-  await $`cp assets/index.html dist`;
+  await $`cp assets/site/index.html dist`;
-  await $`cp assets/*.woff* dist`;
+  await $`cp assets/site/*.woff* dist`;
-  await $`cp assets/build.css dist`;
+  await $`cp assets/site/build.css dist`;
-  await $`cp assets/favicon.ico dist`;
+  await $`cp assets/site/favicon.ico dist`;
-  await $`cp ${outputFolder}/spiritus.wasm dist`;
+  await $`cp ${outputFolder}/pacman.wasm dist`;
-  await $`cp ${outputFolder}/spiritus.js dist`;
+  await $`cp ${outputFolder}/pacman.js dist`;
 
   // Check if .data file exists before copying
   try {
-    await fs.access(`${outputFolder}/deps/spiritus.data`);
+    await fs.access(`${outputFolder}/pacman.data`);
-    await $`cp ${outputFolder}/deps/spiritus.data dist`;
+    await $`cp ${outputFolder}/pacman.data dist`;
   } catch (e) {
-    console.log("No spiritus.data file found, skipping copy.");
+    console.log("No pacman.data file found, skipping copy.");
   }
 
   // Check if .map file exists before copying
   try {
-    await fs.access(`${outputFolder}/spiritus.wasm.map`);
+    await fs.access(`${outputFolder}/pacman.wasm.map`);
-    await $`cp ${outputFolder}/spiritus.wasm.map dist`;
+    await $`cp ${outputFolder}/pacman.wasm.map dist`;
   } catch (e) {
-    console.log("No spiritus.wasm.map file found, skipping copy.");
+    console.log("No pacman.wasm.map file found, skipping copy.");
   }
 
   console.log("WASM files copied.");

rustfmt.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Rustfmt configuration
+edition = "2021"
+max_width = 130
+tab_spaces = 4
+newline_style = "Unix"
+use_small_heuristics = "Default"

src/animation.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! This module provides a simple animation system for textures.
+//! This module provides a simple animation and atlas system for textures.
 use sdl2::{
     rect::Rect,
     render::{Canvas, Texture},
@@ -7,144 +7,57 @@ use sdl2::{
 
 use crate::direction::Direction;
 
-/// An animated texture, which is a texture that is rendered as a series of
+/// Trait for drawable atlas-based textures
-/// frames.
+pub trait FrameDrawn {
-///
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, position: (i32, i32), direction: Direction, frame: Option<u32>);
-/// This struct manages the state of an animated texture, including the current
-/// frame and the number of frames in the animation.
-pub struct AnimatedTexture<'a> {
-    // Parameters
-    raw_texture: Texture<'a>,
-    offset: (i32, i32),
-    ticks_per_frame: u32,
-    frame_count: u32,
-    width: u32,
-    height: u32,
-    // State
-    ticker: u32,
-    reversed: bool,
 }
 
-impl<'a> AnimatedTexture<'a> {
+/// A texture atlas abstraction for static (non-animated) rendering.
-    pub fn new(
+pub struct AtlasTexture<'a> {
-        texture: Texture<'a>,
+    pub raw_texture: Texture<'a>,
-        ticks_per_frame: u32,
+    pub offset: (i32, i32),
-        frame_count: u32,
+    pub frame_count: u32,
-        width: u32,
+    pub frame_width: u32,
-        height: u32,
+    pub frame_height: u32,
-        offset: Option<(i32, i32)>,
+}
-    ) -> Self {
+
-        AnimatedTexture {
+impl<'a> AtlasTexture<'a> {
+    pub fn new(texture: Texture<'a>, frame_count: u32, frame_width: u32, frame_height: u32, offset: Option<(i32, i32)>) -> Self {
+        AtlasTexture {
             raw_texture: texture,
-            ticker: 0,
-            reversed: false,
-            ticks_per_frame,
             frame_count,
-            width,
+            frame_width,
-            height,
+            frame_height,
             offset: offset.unwrap_or((0, 0)),
         }
     }
 
-    fn current_frame(&self) -> u32 {
+    pub fn get_frame_rect(&self, frame: u32) -> Option<Rect> {
-        self.ticker / self.ticks_per_frame
-    }
-
-    /// Advances the animation by one tick.
-    ///
-    /// This method updates the internal ticker that tracks the current frame
-    /// of the animation. The animation automatically reverses direction when
-    /// it reaches the end, creating a ping-pong effect.
-    ///
-    /// When `reversed` is `false`, the ticker increments until it reaches
-    /// the total number of ticks for all frames, then reverses direction.
-    /// When `reversed` is `true`, the ticker decrements until it reaches 0,
-    /// then reverses direction again.
-    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
-        if self.reversed {
-            self.ticker -= 1;
-
-            if self.ticker == 0 {
-                self.reversed = !self.reversed;
-            }
-        } else {
-            self.ticker += 1;
-
-            if self.ticker + 1 == self.ticks_per_frame * self.frame_count {
-                self.reversed = !self.reversed;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the source rectangle for a specific frame of the animated texture.
-    ///
-    /// This method calculates the position and dimensions of a frame within the
-    /// texture atlas. Frames are arranged horizontally in a single row, so the
-    /// rectangle's x-coordinate is calculated by multiplying the frame index
-    /// by the frame width.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `frame` - The frame index to get the rectangle for (0-based)
-    ///
-    /// # Returns
-    ///
-    /// A `Rect` representing the source rectangle for the specified frame
-    fn get_frame_rect(&self, frame: u32) -> Option<Rect> {
         if frame >= self.frame_count {
             return None;
         }
-
         Some(Rect::new(
-            frame as i32 * self.width as i32,
+            frame as i32 * self.frame_width as i32,
             0,
-            self.width,
+            self.frame_width,
-            self.height,
+            self.frame_height,
         ))
     }
 
-    pub fn render(
+    pub fn set_color_modulation(&mut self, r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) {
-        &mut self,
+        self.raw_texture.set_color_mod(r, g, b);
-        canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
-        position: (i32, i32),
-        direction: Direction,
-    ) {
-        self.render_static(canvas, position, direction, Some(self.current_frame()));
-        self.tick();
     }
+}
 
-    /// Renders a specific frame of the animated texture to the canvas.
+impl<'a> FrameDrawn for AtlasTexture<'a> {
-    ///
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, position: (i32, i32), direction: Direction, frame: Option<u32>) {
-    /// This method renders a static frame without advancing the animation ticker.
+        let texture_source_frame_rect = self.get_frame_rect(frame.unwrap_or(0));
-    /// It's useful for displaying a specific frame, such as when an entity is stopped
-    /// or when you want to manually control which frame is displayed.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `canvas` - The SDL canvas to render to
-    /// * `position` - The pixel position where the texture should be rendered
-    /// * `direction` - The direction to rotate the texture based on entity facing
-    /// * `frame` - Optional specific frame to render. If `None`, uses the current frame
-    ///
-    /// # Panics
-    ///
-    /// Panics if the specified frame is out of bounds for this texture.
-    pub fn render_static(
-        &mut self,
-        canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>,
-        position: (i32, i32),
-        direction: Direction,
-        frame: Option<u32>,
-    ) {
-        let texture_source_frame_rect =
-            self.get_frame_rect(frame.unwrap_or_else(|| self.current_frame()));
         let canvas_destination_rect = Rect::new(
             position.0 + self.offset.0,
             position.1 + self.offset.1,
-            self.width,
+            self.frame_width,
-            self.height,
+            self.frame_height,
         );
-
         canvas
             .copy_ex(
                 &self.raw_texture,
@@ -157,9 +70,67 @@ impl<'a> AnimatedTexture<'a> {
             )
             .expect("Could not render texture on canvas");
     }
+}
+
+/// An animated texture using a texture atlas.
+pub struct AnimatedAtlasTexture<'a> {
+    pub atlas: AtlasTexture<'a>,
+    pub ticks_per_frame: u32,
+    pub ticker: u32,
+    pub reversed: bool,
+    pub paused: bool,
+}
+
+impl<'a> AnimatedAtlasTexture<'a> {
+    pub fn new(
+        texture: Texture<'a>,
+        ticks_per_frame: u32,
+        frame_count: u32,
+        width: u32,
+        height: u32,
+        offset: Option<(i32, i32)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        AnimatedAtlasTexture {
+            atlas: AtlasTexture::new(texture, frame_count, width, height, offset),
+            ticks_per_frame,
+            ticker: 0,
+            reversed: false,
+            paused: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn current_frame(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.ticker / self.ticks_per_frame
+    }
+
+    /// Advances the animation by one tick, unless paused.
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
+        if self.paused {
+            return;
+        }
+        if self.reversed {
+            if self.ticker > 0 {
+                self.ticker -= 1;
+            }
+            if self.ticker == 0 {
+                self.reversed = !self.reversed;
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.ticker += 1;
+            if self.ticker + 1 == self.ticks_per_frame * self.atlas.frame_count {
+                self.reversed = !self.reversed;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-    /// Sets the color modulation for the texture.
     pub fn set_color_modulation(&mut self, r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) {
-        self.raw_texture.set_color_mod(r, g, b);
+        self.atlas.set_color_modulation(r, g, b);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> FrameDrawn for AnimatedAtlasTexture<'a> {
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, position: (i32, i32), direction: Direction, frame: Option<u32>) {
+        let frame = frame.unwrap_or_else(|| self.current_frame());
+        self.atlas.render(canvas, position, direction, Some(frame));
     }
 }

src/asset.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//! Cross-platform asset loading abstraction.
+//! On desktop, assets are embedded using include_bytes!; on Emscripten, assets are loaded from the filesystem.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::io;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum AssetError {
+    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] io::Error),
+    #[error("Asset not found: {0}")]
+    NotFound(String),
+    #[error("Invalid asset format: {0}")]
+    InvalidFormat(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Asset {
+    Wav1,
+    Wav2,
+    Wav3,
+    Wav4,
+    Pacman,
+    Pellet,
+    Energizer,
+    Map,
+    FontKonami,
+    GhostBody,
+    GhostEyes,
+    // Add more as needed
+}
+
+impl Asset {
+    pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
+        use Asset::*;
+        match self {
+            Wav1 => "wav/1.ogg",
+            Wav2 => "wav/2.ogg",
+            Wav3 => "wav/3.ogg",
+            Wav4 => "wav/4.ogg",
+            Pacman => "32/pacman.png",
+            Pellet => "24/pellet.png",
+            Energizer => "24/energizer.png",
+            Map => "map.png",
+            FontKonami => "font/konami.ttf",
+            GhostBody => "32/ghost_body.png",
+            GhostEyes => "32/ghost_eyes.png",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "emscripten"))]
+mod imp {
+    use super::*;
+    macro_rules! asset_bytes_enum {
+        ( $asset:expr ) => {
+            match $asset {
+                Asset::Wav1 => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/wav/1.ogg")),
+                Asset::Wav2 => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/wav/2.ogg")),
+                Asset::Wav3 => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/wav/3.ogg")),
+                Asset::Wav4 => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/wav/4.ogg")),
+                Asset::Pacman => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/32/pacman.png")),
+                Asset::Pellet => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/24/pellet.png")),
+                Asset::Energizer => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/24/energizer.png")),
+                Asset::Map => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/map.png")),
+                Asset::FontKonami => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/font/konami.ttf")),
+                Asset::GhostBody => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/32/ghost_body.png")),
+                Asset::GhostEyes => Cow::Borrowed(include_bytes!("../assets/game/32/ghost_eyes.png")),
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    pub fn get_asset_bytes(asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
+        Ok(asset_bytes_enum!(asset))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
+mod imp {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::fs;
+    use std::path::Path;
+    pub fn get_asset_bytes(asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {
+        let path = Path::new("assets/game").join(asset.path());
+        if !path.exists() {
+            return Err(AssetError::NotFound(asset.path().to_string()));
+        }
+        let bytes = fs::read(&path)?;
+        Ok(Cow::Owned(bytes))
+    }
+}
+
+pub use imp::get_asset_bytes;

src/audio.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 //! This module handles the audio playback for the game.
+use crate::asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset};
 use sdl2::{
     mixer::{self, Chunk, InitFlag, LoaderRWops, DEFAULT_FORMAT},
     rwops::RWops,
 };
 
-const SOUND_1_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/wav/1.ogg");
+const SOUND_ASSETS: [Asset; 4] = [Asset::Wav1, Asset::Wav2, Asset::Wav3, Asset::Wav4];
-const SOUND_2_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/wav/2.ogg");
-const SOUND_3_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/wav/3.ogg");
-const SOUND_4_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/wav/4.ogg");
-
-/// An array of all the sound effect data.
-const SOUND_DATA: [&[u8]; 4] = [SOUND_1_DATA, SOUND_2_DATA, SOUND_3_DATA, SOUND_4_DATA];
 
 /// The audio system for the game.
 ///
@@ -20,6 +15,7 @@ pub struct Audio {
     _mixer_context: mixer::Sdl2MixerContext,
     sounds: Vec<Chunk>,
     next_sound_index: usize,
+    muted: bool,
 }
 
 impl Audio {
@@ -29,26 +25,26 @@ impl Audio {
         let format = DEFAULT_FORMAT;
         let channels = 4;
         let chunk_size = 128;
+
         mixer::open_audio(frequency, format, 1, chunk_size).expect("Failed to open audio");
         mixer::allocate_channels(channels);
 
         // set channel volume
         for i in 0..channels {
-            mixer::Channel(i as i32).set_volume(32);
+            mixer::Channel(i).set_volume(32);
         }
 
         let mixer_context = mixer::init(InitFlag::OGG).expect("Failed to initialize SDL2_mixer");
 
-        let sounds: Vec<Chunk> = SOUND_DATA
+        let sounds: Vec<Chunk> = SOUND_ASSETS
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
-            .map(|(i, data)| {
+            .map(|(i, asset)| {
-                let rwops = RWops::from_bytes(data)
+                let data = get_asset_bytes(*asset).expect("Failed to load sound asset");
-                    .expect(&format!("Failed to create RWops for sound {}", i + 1));
+                let rwops = RWops::from_bytes(&data).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Failed to create RWops for sound {}", i + 1));
-                rwops.load_wav().expect(&format!(
+                rwops
-                    "Failed to load sound {} from embedded data",
+                    .load_wav()
-                    i + 1
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Failed to load sound {} from asset API", i + 1))
-                ))
             })
             .collect();
 
@@ -56,21 +52,16 @@ impl Audio {
             _mixer_context: mixer_context,
             sounds,
             next_sound_index: 0,
+            muted: false,
         }
     }
 
     /// Plays the "eat" sound effect.
-    ///
-    /// This function also logs the time since the last sound effect was played.
     pub fn eat(&mut self) {
         if let Some(chunk) = self.sounds.get(self.next_sound_index) {
             match mixer::Channel(0).play(chunk, 0) {
                 Ok(channel) => {
-                    tracing::info!(
+                    tracing::trace!("Playing sound #{} on channel {:?}", self.next_sound_index + 1, channel);
-                        "Playing sound #{} on channel {:?}",
-                        self.next_sound_index + 1,
-                        channel
-                    );
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
                     tracing::warn!("Could not play sound #{}: {}", self.next_sound_index + 1, e);
@@ -79,4 +70,18 @@ impl Audio {
         }
         self.next_sound_index = (self.next_sound_index + 1) % self.sounds.len();
     }
+
+    /// Instantly mute or unmute all channels.
+    pub fn set_mute(&mut self, mute: bool) {
+        let channels = 4;
+        let volume = if mute { 0 } else { 32 };
+        for i in 0..channels {
+            mixer::Channel(i).set_volume(volume);
+        }
+        self.muted = mute;
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_muted(&self) -> bool {
+        self.muted
+    }
 }

src/constants.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,58 @@ pub enum MapTile {
     Tunnel,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum FruitType {
+    Cherry,
+    Strawberry,
+    Orange,
+    Apple,
+    Melon,
+    Galaxian,
+    Bell,
+    Key,
+}
+
+impl FruitType {
+    pub const ALL: [FruitType; 8] = [
+        FruitType::Cherry,
+        FruitType::Strawberry,
+        FruitType::Orange,
+        FruitType::Apple,
+        FruitType::Melon,
+        FruitType::Galaxian,
+        FruitType::Bell,
+        FruitType::Key,
+    ];
+
+    pub fn score(self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            FruitType::Cherry => 100,
+            FruitType::Strawberry => 300,
+            FruitType::Orange => 500,
+            FruitType::Apple => 700,
+            FruitType::Melon => 1000,
+            FruitType::Galaxian => 2000,
+            FruitType::Bell => 3000,
+            FruitType::Key => 5000,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn index(self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            FruitType::Cherry => 0,
+            FruitType::Strawberry => 1,
+            FruitType::Orange => 2,
+            FruitType::Apple => 3,
+            FruitType::Melon => 4,
+            FruitType::Galaxian => 5,
+            FruitType::Bell => 6,
+            FruitType::Key => 7,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The raw layout of the game board, as a 2D array of characters.
 pub const RAW_BOARD: [&str; BOARD_HEIGHT as usize] = [
     "############################",

src/debug.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//! Debug rendering utilities for Pac-Man.
+use crate::{
+    constants::{MapTile, BOARD_HEIGHT, BOARD_WIDTH},
+    ghosts::blinky::Blinky,
+    map::Map,
+};
+use glam::{IVec2, UVec2};
+use sdl2::{pixels::Color, render::Canvas, video::Window};
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum DebugMode {
+    None,
+    Grid,
+    Pathfinding,
+    ValidPositions,
+}
+
+pub struct DebugRenderer;
+
+impl DebugRenderer {
+    pub fn draw_cell(canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, _map: &Map, cell: UVec2, color: Color) {
+        let position = Map::cell_to_pixel(cell);
+        canvas.set_draw_color(color);
+        canvas
+            .draw_rect(sdl2::rect::Rect::new(position.x, position.y, 24, 24))
+            .expect("Could not draw rectangle");
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_debug_grid(canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, map: &Map, pacman_cell: UVec2) {
+        for x in 0..BOARD_WIDTH {
+            for y in 0..BOARD_HEIGHT {
+                let tile = map.get_tile(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32)).unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
+                let cell = UVec2::new(x, y);
+                let mut color = None;
+                if cell == pacman_cell {
+                    Self::draw_cell(canvas, map, cell, Color::CYAN);
+                } else {
+                    color = match tile {
+                        MapTile::Empty => None,
+                        MapTile::Wall => Some(Color::BLUE),
+                        MapTile::Pellet => Some(Color::RED),
+                        MapTile::PowerPellet => Some(Color::MAGENTA),
+                        MapTile::StartingPosition(_) => Some(Color::GREEN),
+                        MapTile::Tunnel => Some(Color::CYAN),
+                    };
+                }
+                if let Some(color) = color {
+                    Self::draw_cell(canvas, map, cell, color);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_next_cell(canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, map: &Map, next_cell: UVec2) {
+        Self::draw_cell(canvas, map, next_cell, Color::YELLOW);
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_valid_positions(canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, map: &mut Map) {
+        let valid_positions_vec = map.get_valid_playable_positions().clone();
+        for &pos in &valid_positions_vec {
+            Self::draw_cell(canvas, map, pos, Color::RGB(255, 140, 0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_pathfinding(canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>, blinky: &Blinky, map: &Map) {
+        let target = blinky.get_target_tile();
+        if let Some((path, _)) = blinky.get_path_to_target(target.as_uvec2()) {
+            for pos in &path {
+                Self::draw_cell(canvas, map, *pos, Color::YELLOW);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/edible.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//! Edible entity for Pac-Man: pellets, power pellets, and fruits.
+use crate::animation::{AtlasTexture, FrameDrawn};
+use crate::constants::{FruitType, MapTile, BOARD_HEIGHT, BOARD_WIDTH};
+use crate::direction::Direction;
+use crate::entity::{Entity, Renderable, StaticEntity};
+use crate::map::Map;
+use glam::{IVec2, UVec2};
+use sdl2::{render::Canvas, video::Window};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum EdibleKind {
+    Pellet,
+    PowerPellet,
+    Fruit(FruitType),
+}
+
+pub struct Edible<'a> {
+    pub base: StaticEntity,
+    pub kind: EdibleKind,
+    pub sprite: Rc<AtlasTexture<'a>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Edible<'a> {
+    pub fn new(kind: EdibleKind, cell_position: UVec2, sprite: Rc<AtlasTexture<'a>>) -> Self {
+        let pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel(cell_position);
+        Edible {
+            base: StaticEntity::new(pixel_position, cell_position),
+            kind,
+            sprite,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks collision with Pac-Man (or any entity)
+    pub fn collide(&self, pacman: &dyn Entity) -> bool {
+        self.base.is_colliding(pacman)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Entity for Edible<'a> {
+    fn base(&self) -> &StaticEntity {
+        &self.base
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Renderable for Edible<'a> {
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
+        let pos = self.base.pixel_position;
+        self.sprite.render(canvas, (pos.x, pos.y), Direction::Right, Some(0));
+    }
+}
+
+/// Reconstruct all edibles from the original map layout
+pub fn reconstruct_edibles<'a>(
+    map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
+    pellet_sprite: Rc<AtlasTexture<'a>>,
+    power_pellet_sprite: Rc<AtlasTexture<'a>>,
+    _fruit_sprite: Rc<AtlasTexture<'a>>,
+) -> Vec<Edible<'a>> {
+    let mut edibles = Vec::new();
+    for x in 0..BOARD_WIDTH {
+        for y in 0..BOARD_HEIGHT {
+            let tile = map.borrow().get_tile(IVec2::new(x as i32, y as i32));
+            match tile {
+                Some(MapTile::Pellet) => {
+                    edibles.push(Edible::new(EdibleKind::Pellet, UVec2::new(x, y), Rc::clone(&pellet_sprite)));
+                }
+                Some(MapTile::PowerPellet) => {
+                    edibles.push(Edible::new(
+                        EdibleKind::PowerPellet,
+                        UVec2::new(x, y),
+                        Rc::clone(&power_pellet_sprite),
+                    ));
+                }
+                // Fruits can be added here if you have fruit positions
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    edibles
+}

src/entity.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,170 @@
-//! This module defines the `Entity` trait, which is implemented by all game
+use crate::{
-//! objects that can be moved and rendered.
+    constants::{MapTile, BOARD_OFFSET, BOARD_WIDTH, CELL_SIZE},
+    direction::Direction,
+    map::Map,
+    modulation::SimpleTickModulator,
+};
+use glam::{IVec2, UVec2};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
 
 /// A trait for game objects that can be moved and rendered.
 pub trait Entity {
+    /// Returns a reference to the base entity (position, etc).
+    fn base(&self) -> &StaticEntity;
+
     /// Returns true if the entity is colliding with the other entity.
-    fn is_colliding(&self, other: &dyn Entity) -> bool;
+    fn is_colliding(&self, other: &dyn Entity) -> bool {
-    /// Returns the absolute position of the entity, in pixels.
+        let a = self.base().pixel_position;
-    fn position(&self) -> (i32, i32);
+        let b = other.base().pixel_position;
-    /// Returns the cell position of the entity, in grid coordinates.
+        a == b
-    fn cell_position(&self) -> (u32, u32);
+    }
-    /// Returns the position of the entity within its current cell, in pixels.
+}
-    fn internal_position(&self) -> (u32, u32);
+
-    /// Ticks the entity, which updates its state and position.
+/// A trait for entities that can move and interact with the map.
-    fn tick(&mut self);
+pub trait Moving {
+    fn move_forward(&mut self);
+    fn update_cell_position(&mut self);
+    fn next_cell(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> IVec2;
+    fn is_wall_ahead(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> bool;
+    fn handle_tunnel(&mut self) -> bool;
+    fn is_grid_aligned(&self) -> bool;
+    fn set_direction_if_valid(&mut self, new_direction: Direction) -> bool;
+}
+
+/// A struct for static (non-moving) entities with position only.
+pub struct StaticEntity {
+    pub pixel_position: IVec2,
+    pub cell_position: UVec2,
+}
+
+impl StaticEntity {
+    pub fn new(pixel_position: IVec2, cell_position: UVec2) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            pixel_position,
+            cell_position,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A struct for movable game entities with position, direction, speed, and modulation.
+pub struct MovableEntity {
+    pub base: StaticEntity,
+    pub direction: Direction,
+    pub speed: u32,
+    pub modulation: SimpleTickModulator,
+    pub in_tunnel: bool,
+    pub map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
+}
+
+impl MovableEntity {
+    pub fn new(
+        pixel_position: IVec2,
+        cell_position: UVec2,
+        direction: Direction,
+        speed: u32,
+        modulation: SimpleTickModulator,
+        map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            base: StaticEntity::new(pixel_position, cell_position),
+            direction,
+            speed,
+            modulation,
+            in_tunnel: false,
+            map,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the position within the current cell, in pixels.
+    pub fn internal_position(&self) -> UVec2 {
+        UVec2::new(
+            (self.base.pixel_position.x as u32) % CELL_SIZE,
+            (self.base.pixel_position.y as u32) % CELL_SIZE,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl Entity for MovableEntity {
+    fn base(&self) -> &StaticEntity {
+        &self.base
+    }
+}
+
+impl Moving for MovableEntity {
+    fn move_forward(&mut self) {
+        let speed = self.speed as i32;
+        match self.direction {
+            Direction::Right => self.base.pixel_position.x += speed,
+            Direction::Left => self.base.pixel_position.x -= speed,
+            Direction::Up => self.base.pixel_position.y -= speed,
+            Direction::Down => self.base.pixel_position.y += speed,
+        }
+    }
+    fn update_cell_position(&mut self) {
+        self.base.cell_position = UVec2::new(
+            (self.base.pixel_position.x as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.0,
+            (self.base.pixel_position.y as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.1,
+        );
+    }
+    fn next_cell(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> IVec2 {
+        let (x, y) = direction.unwrap_or(self.direction).offset();
+        IVec2::new(self.base.cell_position.x as i32 + x, self.base.cell_position.y as i32 + y)
+    }
+    fn is_wall_ahead(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> bool {
+        let next_cell = self.next_cell(direction);
+        matches!(self.map.borrow().get_tile(next_cell), Some(MapTile::Wall))
+    }
+    fn handle_tunnel(&mut self) -> bool {
+        if !self.in_tunnel {
+            let current_tile = self
+                .map
+                .borrow()
+                .get_tile(IVec2::new(self.base.cell_position.x as i32, self.base.cell_position.y as i32));
+            if matches!(current_tile, Some(MapTile::Tunnel)) {
+                self.in_tunnel = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if self.in_tunnel {
+            if self.base.cell_position.x == 0 {
+                self.base.cell_position.x = BOARD_WIDTH - 2;
+                self.base.pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel(self.base.cell_position);
+                self.in_tunnel = false;
+                true
+            } else if self.base.cell_position.x == BOARD_WIDTH - 1 {
+                self.base.cell_position.x = 1;
+                self.base.pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel(self.base.cell_position);
+                self.in_tunnel = false;
+                true
+            } else {
+                true
+            }
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+    fn is_grid_aligned(&self) -> bool {
+        self.internal_position() == UVec2::ZERO
+    }
+    fn set_direction_if_valid(&mut self, new_direction: Direction) -> bool {
+        if new_direction == self.direction {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if self.is_wall_ahead(Some(new_direction)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.direction = new_direction;
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl Entity for StaticEntity {
+    fn base(&self) -> &StaticEntity {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// A trait for entities that can be rendered to the screen.
+pub trait Renderable {
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut sdl2::render::Canvas<sdl2::video::Window>);
 }

src/game.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 //! This module contains the main game logic and state.
 use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::ops::Not;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use glam::UVec2;
 use rand::seq::IteratorRandom;
 use sdl2::image::LoadTexture;
 use sdl2::keyboard::Keycode;
@@ -10,54 +12,39 @@ use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
 use sdl2::ttf::Font;
 use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
 use sdl2::{pixels::Color, render::Canvas, video::Window};
-use tracing::event;
 
+use crate::animation::AtlasTexture;
+use crate::asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset};
 use crate::audio::Audio;
-use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_HEIGHT, BOARD_WIDTH, RAW_BOARD};
+use crate::constants::RAW_BOARD;
+use crate::debug::{DebugMode, DebugRenderer};
 use crate::direction::Direction;
-use crate::entity::Entity;
+use crate::edible::{reconstruct_edibles, Edible, EdibleKind};
-use crate::ghosts::Blinky;
+use crate::entity::Renderable;
+use crate::ghosts::blinky::Blinky;
 use crate::map::Map;
 use crate::pacman::Pacman;
 
-// Embed texture data directly into the executable
-static PACMAN_TEXTURE_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/32/pacman.png");
-static PELLET_TEXTURE_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/24/pellet.png");
-static POWER_PELLET_TEXTURE_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/24/energizer.png");
-static MAP_TEXTURE_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/map.png");
-static FONT_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/font/konami.ttf");
-
-// Add ghost texture data
-static GHOST_BODY_TEXTURE_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/32/ghost_body.png");
-static GHOST_EYES_TEXTURE_DATA: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../assets/32/ghost_eyes.png");
-
 /// The main game state.
 ///
 /// This struct contains all the information necessary to run the game, including
 /// the canvas, textures, fonts, game objects, and the current score.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum DebugMode {
-    None,
-    Grid,
-    Pathfinding,
-}
-
 pub struct Game<'a> {
     canvas: &'a mut Canvas<Window>,
     map_texture: Texture<'a>,
-    pellet_texture: Texture<'a>,
+    pellet_texture: Rc<AtlasTexture<'a>>,
-    power_pellet_texture: Texture<'a>,
+    power_pellet_texture: Rc<AtlasTexture<'a>>,
     font: Font<'a, 'static>,
     pacman: Rc<RefCell<Pacman<'a>>>,
-    map: Rc<std::cell::RefCell<Map>>,
+    map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
     debug_mode: DebugMode,
     score: u32,
-    audio: Audio,
+    pub audio: Audio,
-    // Add ghost
     blinky: Blinky<'a>,
+    edibles: Vec<Edible<'a>>,
 }
 
-impl Game<'_> {
+impl<'a> Game<'a> {
     /// Creates a new `Game` instance.
     ///
     /// # Arguments
@@ -66,65 +53,88 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// * `texture_creator` - The SDL texture creator.
     /// * `ttf_context` - The SDL TTF context.
     /// * `_audio_subsystem` - The SDL audio subsystem (currently unused).
-    pub fn new<'a>(
+    pub fn new(
         canvas: &'a mut Canvas<Window>,
         texture_creator: &'a TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
         ttf_context: &'a sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext,
         _audio_subsystem: &'a sdl2::AudioSubsystem,
     ) -> Game<'a> {
-        let map = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(Map::new(RAW_BOARD)));
+        let map = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Map::new(RAW_BOARD)));
 
-        // Load Pacman texture from embedded data
+        // Load Pacman texture from asset API
+        let pacman_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Pacman).expect("Failed to load asset");
         let pacman_atlas = texture_creator
-            .load_texture_bytes(PACMAN_TEXTURE_DATA)
+            .load_texture_bytes(&pacman_bytes)
-            .expect("Could not load pacman texture from embedded data");
+            .expect("Could not load pacman texture from asset API");
-        let pacman = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(Pacman::new(
+        let pacman = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Pacman::new(UVec2::new(1, 1), pacman_atlas, Rc::clone(&map))));
-            (1, 1),
-            pacman_atlas,
-            Rc::clone(&map),
-        )));
 
         // Load ghost textures
+        let ghost_body_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::GhostBody).expect("Failed to load asset");
         let ghost_body = texture_creator
-            .load_texture_bytes(GHOST_BODY_TEXTURE_DATA)
+            .load_texture_bytes(&ghost_body_bytes)
-            .expect("Could not load ghost body texture from embedded data");
+            .expect("Could not load ghost body texture from asset API");
+        let ghost_eyes_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::GhostEyes).expect("Failed to load asset");
         let ghost_eyes = texture_creator
-            .load_texture_bytes(GHOST_EYES_TEXTURE_DATA)
+            .load_texture_bytes(&ghost_eyes_bytes)
-            .expect("Could not load ghost eyes texture from embedded data");
+            .expect("Could not load ghost eyes texture from asset API");
 
         // Create Blinky
         let blinky = Blinky::new(
-            (13, 11), // Starting position just above ghost house
+            UVec2::new(13, 11), // Starting position just above ghost house
             ghost_body,
             ghost_eyes,
             Rc::clone(&map),
             Rc::clone(&pacman),
         );
 
-        // Load pellet texture from embedded data
+        // Load pellet texture from asset API
-        let pellet_texture = texture_creator
+        let pellet_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Pellet).expect("Failed to load asset");
-            .load_texture_bytes(PELLET_TEXTURE_DATA)
+        let pellet_texture = Rc::new(AtlasTexture::new(
-            .expect("Could not load pellet texture from embedded data");
+            texture_creator
+                .load_texture_bytes(&pellet_bytes)
+                .expect("Could not load pellet texture from asset API"),
+            1,
+            24,
+            24,
+            None,
+        ));
+        let power_pellet_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Energizer).expect("Failed to load asset");
+        let power_pellet_texture = Rc::new(AtlasTexture::new(
+            texture_creator
+                .load_texture_bytes(&power_pellet_bytes)
+                .expect("Could not load power pellet texture from asset API"),
+            1,
+            24,
+            24,
+            None,
+        ));
 
-        // Load power pellet texture from embedded data
+        // Load map texture from asset API
-        let power_pellet_texture = texture_creator
+        let map_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Map).expect("Failed to load asset");
-            .load_texture_bytes(POWER_PELLET_TEXTURE_DATA)
+        let mut map_texture = texture_creator
-            .expect("Could not load power pellet texture from embedded data");
+            .load_texture_bytes(&map_bytes)
+            .expect("Could not load map texture from asset API");
+        map_texture.set_color_mod(0, 0, 255);
 
-        // Load font from embedded data
+        let edibles = reconstruct_edibles(
-        let font_rwops = RWops::from_bytes(FONT_DATA).expect("Failed to create RWops for font");
+            Rc::clone(&map),
-        let font = ttf_context
+            Rc::clone(&pellet_texture),
-            .load_font_from_rwops(font_rwops, 24)
+            Rc::clone(&power_pellet_texture),
-            .expect("Could not load font from embedded data");
+            Rc::clone(&pellet_texture), // placeholder for fruit sprite
+        );
+
+        // Load font from asset API
+        let font = {
+            let font_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::FontKonami).expect("Failed to load asset").into_owned();
+            let font_bytes_static: &'static [u8] = Box::leak(font_bytes.into_boxed_slice());
+            let font_rwops = RWops::from_bytes(font_bytes_static).expect("Failed to create RWops for font");
+            ttf_context
+                .load_font_from_rwops(font_rwops, 24)
+                .expect("Could not load font from asset API")
+        };
 
         let audio = Audio::new();
 
-        // Load map texture from embedded data
-        let mut map_texture = texture_creator
-            .load_texture_bytes(MAP_TEXTURE_DATA)
-            .expect("Could not load map texture from embedded data");
-        map_texture.set_color_mod(0, 0, 255);
-
         Game {
             canvas,
             pacman,
@@ -137,6 +147,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             score: 0,
             audio,
             blinky,
+            edibles,
         }
     }
 
@@ -148,15 +159,26 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     pub fn keyboard_event(&mut self, keycode: Keycode) {
         // Change direction
         let direction = Direction::from_keycode(keycode);
-        self.pacman.borrow_mut().next_direction = direction;
+        if direction.is_some() {
+            self.pacman.borrow_mut().next_direction = direction;
+            return;
+        }
 
         // Toggle debug mode
         if keycode == Keycode::Space {
             self.debug_mode = match self.debug_mode {
                 DebugMode::None => DebugMode::Grid,
                 DebugMode::Grid => DebugMode::Pathfinding,
-                DebugMode::Pathfinding => DebugMode::None,
+                DebugMode::Pathfinding => DebugMode::ValidPositions,
+                DebugMode::ValidPositions => DebugMode::None,
             };
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Toggle mute
+        if keycode == Keycode::M {
+            self.audio.set_mute(self.audio.is_muted().not());
+            return;
         }
 
         // Reset game
@@ -185,82 +207,76 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         // Reset the score
         self.score = 0;
 
-        // Reset Pacman position
+        // Get valid positions from the cached flood fill and randomize positions in a single block
-        let mut pacman = self.pacman.borrow_mut();
+        {
-        pacman.pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel((1, 1));
+            let mut map = self.map.borrow_mut();
-        pacman.cell_position = (1, 1);
+            let valid_positions = map.get_valid_playable_positions();
-        pacman.in_tunnel = false;
+            let mut rng = rand::rng();
-        pacman.direction = Direction::Right;
-        pacman.next_direction = None;
-        pacman.stopped = false;
 
-        // Reset ghost positions and mode
+            // Randomize Pac-Man position
-        let mut rng = rand::rng();
+            if let Some(pos) = valid_positions.iter().choose(&mut rng) {
-        let map = self.map.borrow();
+                let mut pacman = self.pacman.borrow_mut();
-        let mut valid_positions = vec![];
+                pacman.base.base.pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel(*pos);
-        for x in 1..(crate::constants::BOARD_WIDTH - 1) {
+                pacman.base.base.cell_position = *pos;
-            for y in 1..(crate::constants::BOARD_HEIGHT - 1) {
+                pacman.base.in_tunnel = false;
-                let tile_option = map.get_tile((x as i32, y as i32));
+                pacman.base.direction = Direction::Right;
+                pacman.next_direction = None;
+                pacman.stopped = false;
+            }
 
-                if let Some(tile) = tile_option {
+            // Randomize ghost position
-                    match tile {
+            if let Some(pos) = valid_positions.iter().choose(&mut rng) {
-                        MapTile::Empty | MapTile::Pellet | MapTile::PowerPellet => {
+                self.blinky.base.base.pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel(*pos);
-                            valid_positions.push((x, y));
+                self.blinky.base.base.cell_position = *pos;
-                        }
+                self.blinky.base.in_tunnel = false;
-                        _ => {}
+                self.blinky.base.direction = Direction::Left;
-                    }
+                self.blinky.mode = crate::ghost::GhostMode::Chase;
-                }
             }
         }
-        if let Some(&(gx, gy)) = valid_positions.iter().choose(&mut rng) {
+
-            self.blinky.pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel((gx, gy));
+        self.edibles = reconstruct_edibles(
-            self.blinky.cell_position = (gx, gy);
+            Rc::clone(&self.map),
-            self.blinky.in_tunnel = false;
+            Rc::clone(&self.pellet_texture),
-            self.blinky.direction = Direction::Left;
+            Rc::clone(&self.power_pellet_texture),
-            self.blinky.mode = crate::ghost::GhostMode::Chase;
+            Rc::clone(&self.pellet_texture), // placeholder for fruit sprite
-        }
+        );
     }
 
     /// Advances the game by one tick.
     pub fn tick(&mut self) {
-        self.check_pellet_eating();
+        // Advance animation frames for Pacman and Blinky
-        self.pacman.borrow_mut().tick();
+        self.pacman.borrow_mut().sprite.tick();
-        self.blinky.tick();
+        self.blinky.body_sprite.tick();
-    }
+        self.blinky.eyes_sprite.tick();
 
-    /// Checks if Pac-Man is currently eating a pellet and updates the game state
+        let pacman = self.pacman.borrow();
-    /// accordingly.
+        let mut eaten_indices = vec![];
-    fn check_pellet_eating(&mut self) {
+        for (i, edible) in self.edibles.iter().enumerate() {
-        let cell_pos = self.pacman.borrow().cell_position();
+            if edible.collide(&*pacman) {
-
+                eaten_indices.push(i);
-        // Check if there's a pellet at the current position
-        let tile = {
-            let map = self.map.borrow();
-            map.get_tile((cell_pos.0 as i32, cell_pos.1 as i32))
-        };
-
-        if let Some(tile) = tile {
-            let pellet_value = match tile {
-                MapTile::Pellet => Some(10),
-                MapTile::PowerPellet => Some(50),
-                _ => None,
-            };
-
-            if let Some(value) = pellet_value {
-                {
-                    let mut map = self.map.borrow_mut();
-                    map.set_tile((cell_pos.0 as i32, cell_pos.1 as i32), MapTile::Empty);
-                }
-                self.add_score(value);
-                self.audio.eat();
-                event!(
-                    tracing::Level::DEBUG,
-                    "Pellet eaten at ({}, {})",
-                    cell_pos.0,
-                    cell_pos.1
-                );
             }
         }
+        drop(pacman); // Release immutable borrow before mutably borrowing self
+        for &i in eaten_indices.iter().rev() {
+            let edible = &self.edibles[i];
+            match edible.kind {
+                EdibleKind::Pellet => {
+                    self.add_score(10);
+                    self.audio.eat();
+                }
+                EdibleKind::PowerPellet => {
+                    self.add_score(50);
+                    self.audio.eat();
+                }
+                EdibleKind::Fruit(_fruit) => {
+                    self.add_score(100);
+                    self.audio.eat();
+                }
+            }
+            self.edibles.remove(i);
+        }
+        self.pacman.borrow_mut().tick();
+        self.blinky.tick();
     }
 
     /// Draws the entire game to the canvas.
@@ -274,33 +290,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             .copy(&self.map_texture, None, None)
             .expect("Could not render texture on canvas");
 
-        // Render pellets
+        // Render all edibles
-        for x in 0..BOARD_WIDTH {
+        for edible in &self.edibles {
-            for y in 0..BOARD_HEIGHT {
+            edible.render(self.canvas);
-                let tile = self
-                    .map
-                    .borrow()
-                    .get_tile((x as i32, y as i32))
-                    .unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
-
-                let texture = match tile {
-                    MapTile::Pellet => Some(&self.pellet_texture),
-                    MapTile::PowerPellet => Some(&self.power_pellet_texture),
-                    _ => None,
-                };
-
-                if let Some(texture) = texture {
-                    let position = Map::cell_to_pixel((x, y));
-                    let dst_rect = sdl2::rect::Rect::new(position.0, position.1, 24, 24);
-                    self.canvas
-                        .copy(texture, None, Some(dst_rect))
-                        .expect("Could not render pellet");
-                }
-            }
         }
 
         // Render Pac-Man
-        self.pacman.borrow_mut().render(self.canvas);
+        self.pacman.borrow().render(self.canvas);
 
         // Render ghost
         self.blinky.render(self.canvas);
@@ -309,77 +305,25 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.render_ui();
 
         // Draw the debug grid
-        if self.debug_mode == DebugMode::Grid {
+        match self.debug_mode {
-            for x in 0..BOARD_WIDTH {
+            DebugMode::Grid => {
-                for y in 0..BOARD_HEIGHT {
+                DebugRenderer::draw_debug_grid(self.canvas, &self.map.borrow(), self.pacman.borrow().base.base.cell_position);
-                    let tile = self
+                let next_cell = <Pacman as crate::entity::Moving>::next_cell(&*self.pacman.borrow(), None);
-                        .map
+                DebugRenderer::draw_next_cell(self.canvas, &self.map.borrow(), next_cell.as_uvec2());
-                        .borrow()
-                        .get_tile((x as i32, y as i32))
-                        .unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
-                    let mut color = None;
-
-                    if (x, y) == self.pacman.borrow().cell_position() {
-                        self.draw_cell((x, y), Color::CYAN);
-                    } else {
-                        color = match tile {
-                            MapTile::Empty => None,
-                            MapTile::Wall => Some(Color::BLUE),
-                            MapTile::Pellet => Some(Color::RED),
-                            MapTile::PowerPellet => Some(Color::MAGENTA),
-                            MapTile::StartingPosition(_) => Some(Color::GREEN),
-                            MapTile::Tunnel => Some(Color::CYAN),
-                        };
-                    }
-
-                    if let Some(color) = color {
-                        self.draw_cell((x, y), color);
-                    }
-                }
             }
-
+            DebugMode::ValidPositions => {
-            // Draw the next cell
+                DebugRenderer::draw_valid_positions(self.canvas, &mut self.map.borrow_mut());
-            let next_cell = self.pacman.borrow().next_cell(None);
-            self.draw_cell((next_cell.0 as u32, next_cell.1 as u32), Color::YELLOW);
-        }
-
-        // Pathfinding debug mode
-        if self.debug_mode == DebugMode::Pathfinding {
-            // Show the current path for Blinky
-            if let Some((path, _)) = self.blinky.get_path_to_target({
-                let (tx, ty) = self.blinky.get_target_tile();
-                (tx as u32, ty as u32)
-            }) {
-                for &(x, y) in &path {
-                    self.draw_cell((x, y), Color::YELLOW);
-                }
             }
+            DebugMode::Pathfinding => {
+                DebugRenderer::draw_pathfinding(self.canvas, &self.blinky, &self.map.borrow());
+            }
+            DebugMode::None => {}
         }
 
         // Present the canvas
         self.canvas.present();
     }
 
-    /// Draws a single cell to the canvas with the given color.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `cell` - The cell to draw, in grid coordinates.
-    /// * `color` - The color to draw the cell with.
-    fn draw_cell(&mut self, cell: (u32, u32), color: Color) {
-        let position = Map::cell_to_pixel(cell);
-
-        self.canvas.set_draw_color(color);
-        self.canvas
-            .draw_rect(sdl2::rect::Rect::new(
-                position.0 as i32,
-                position.1 as i32,
-                24,
-                24,
-            ))
-            .expect("Could not draw rectangle");
-    }
-
     /// Renders the user interface, including the score and lives.
     fn render_ui(&mut self) {
         let lives = 3;
@@ -393,7 +337,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
         // Render the score and high score
         self.render_text(
-            &format!("{}UP   HIGH SCORE   ", lives),
+            &format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   "),
             (24 * lives_offset + x_offset, y_offset),
             Color::WHITE,
         );
@@ -406,11 +350,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// Renders text to the screen at the given position.
     fn render_text(&mut self, text: &str, position: (i32, i32), color: Color) {
-        let surface = self
+        let surface = self.font.render(text).blended(color).expect("Could not render text surface");
-            .font
-            .render(text)
-            .blended(color)
-            .expect("Could not render text surface");
 
         let texture_creator = self.canvas.texture_creator();
         let texture = texture_creator

src/ghost.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,17 @@
-use pathfinding::prelude::dijkstra;
-use sdl2::{
-    pixels::Color,
-    render::{Canvas, Texture},
-    video::Window,
-};
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
 use rand::Rng;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::animation::{AnimatedAtlasTexture, FrameDrawn};
-    animation::AnimatedTexture,
+use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_WIDTH};
-    constants::{MapTile, BOARD_OFFSET, BOARD_WIDTH, CELL_SIZE},
+use crate::direction::Direction;
-    direction::Direction,
+use crate::entity::{Entity, MovableEntity, Moving, Renderable};
-    entity::Entity,
+use crate::map::Map;
-    map::Map,
+use crate::modulation::{SimpleTickModulator, TickModulator};
-    modulation::{SimpleTickModulator, TickModulator},
+use crate::pacman::Pacman;
-    pacman::Pacman,
+use glam::{IVec2, UVec2};
-};
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
+use sdl2::render::Texture;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
 
 /// The different modes a ghost can be in
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
@@ -57,139 +51,51 @@ impl GhostType {
 
 /// Base ghost struct that contains common functionality
 pub struct Ghost<'a> {
-    /// The absolute position of the ghost on the board, in pixels
+    /// Shared movement and position fields.
-    pub pixel_position: (i32, i32),
+    pub base: MovableEntity,
-    /// The position of the ghost on the board, in grid coordinates
-    pub cell_position: (u32, u32),
-    /// The current direction of the ghost
-    pub direction: Direction,
     /// The current mode of the ghost
     pub mode: GhostMode,
     /// The type/personality of this ghost
     pub ghost_type: GhostType,
-    /// Reference to the game map
-    pub map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
     /// Reference to Pac-Man for targeting
     pub pacman: Rc<RefCell<Pacman<'a>>>,
-    /// Movement speed
+    pub body_sprite: AnimatedAtlasTexture<'a>,
-    speed: u32,
+    pub eyes_sprite: AnimatedAtlasTexture<'a>,
-    /// Movement modulator
-    modulation: SimpleTickModulator,
-    /// Ghost body sprite
-    body_sprite: AnimatedTexture<'a>,
-    /// Ghost eyes sprite
-    eyes_sprite: AnimatedTexture<'a>,
-    /// Whether the ghost is currently in a tunnel
-    pub in_tunnel: bool,
 }
 
 impl Ghost<'_> {
     /// Creates a new ghost instance
     pub fn new<'a>(
         ghost_type: GhostType,
-        starting_position: (u32, u32),
+        starting_position: UVec2,
         body_texture: Texture<'a>,
         eyes_texture: Texture<'a>,
         map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
         pacman: Rc<RefCell<Pacman<'a>>>,
     ) -> Ghost<'a> {
         let color = ghost_type.color();
-        let mut body_sprite = AnimatedTexture::new(body_texture, 8, 2, 32, 32, Some((-4, -4)));
+        let mut body_sprite = AnimatedAtlasTexture::new(body_texture, 8, 2, 32, 32, Some((-4, -4)));
         body_sprite.set_color_modulation(color.r, color.g, color.b);
-
+        let pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel(starting_position);
         Ghost {
-            pixel_position: Map::cell_to_pixel(starting_position),
+            base: MovableEntity::new(
-            cell_position: starting_position,
+                pixel_position,
-            direction: Direction::Left,
+                starting_position,
+                Direction::Left,
+                3,
+                SimpleTickModulator::new(1.0),
+                map,
+            ),
             mode: GhostMode::Chase,
             ghost_type,
-            map,
             pacman,
-            speed: 3,
-            modulation: SimpleTickModulator::new(1.0),
             body_sprite,
-            eyes_sprite: AnimatedTexture::new(eyes_texture, 1, 4, 32, 32, Some((-4, -4))),
+            eyes_sprite: AnimatedAtlasTexture::new(eyes_texture, 1, 4, 32, 32, Some((-4, -4))),
-            in_tunnel: false,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Renders the ghost to the canvas
-    pub fn render(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
-        // Render body
-        if self.mode != GhostMode::Eyes {
-            let color = if self.mode == GhostMode::Frightened {
-                Color::RGB(0, 0, 255)
-            } else {
-                self.ghost_type.color()
-            };
-
-            self.body_sprite
-                .set_color_modulation(color.r, color.g, color.b);
-            self.body_sprite
-                .render(canvas, self.pixel_position, Direction::Right);
-        }
-
-        // Always render eyes on top
-        let eye_frame = if self.mode == GhostMode::Frightened {
-            4 // Frightened frame
-        } else {
-            match self.direction {
-                Direction::Right => 0,
-                Direction::Up => 1,
-                Direction::Left => 2,
-                Direction::Down => 3,
-            }
-        };
-
-        self.eyes_sprite.render_static(
-            canvas,
-            self.pixel_position,
-            Direction::Right,
-            Some(eye_frame),
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Calculates the path to the target tile using the A* algorithm.
-    pub fn get_path_to_target(&self, target: (u32, u32)) -> Option<(Vec<(u32, u32)>, u32)> {
-        let start = self.cell_position;
-        let map = self.map.borrow();
-
-        dijkstra(
-            &start,
-            |&p| {
-                let mut successors = vec![];
-                let tile = map.get_tile((p.0 as i32, p.1 as i32));
-                // Tunnel wrap: if currently in a tunnel, add the opposite exit as a neighbor
-                if let Some(MapTile::Tunnel) = tile {
-                    if p.0 == 0 {
-                        successors.push(((BOARD_WIDTH - 2, p.1), 1));
-                    } else if p.0 == BOARD_WIDTH - 1 {
-                        successors.push(((1, p.1), 1));
-                    }
-                }
-                for dir in &[
-                    Direction::Up,
-                    Direction::Down,
-                    Direction::Left,
-                    Direction::Right,
-                ] {
-                    let (dx, dy) = dir.offset();
-                    let next_p = (p.0 as i32 + dx, p.1 as i32 + dy);
-                    if let Some(tile) = map.get_tile(next_p) {
-                        if tile == MapTile::Wall {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        successors.push(((next_p.0 as u32, next_p.1 as u32), 1));
-                    }
-                }
-                successors
-            },
-            |&p| p == target,
-        )
-    }
-
     /// Gets the target tile for this ghost based on its current mode
-    pub fn get_target_tile(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    pub fn get_target_tile(&self) -> IVec2 {
         match self.mode {
             GhostMode::Scatter => self.get_scatter_target(),
             GhostMode::Chase => self.get_chase_target(),
@@ -200,155 +106,135 @@ impl Ghost<'_> {
     }
 
     /// Gets this ghost's home corner target for scatter mode
-    fn get_scatter_target(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    fn get_scatter_target(&self) -> IVec2 {
         match self.ghost_type {
-            GhostType::Blinky => (25, 0), // Top right
+            GhostType::Blinky => IVec2::new(25, 0), // Top right
-            GhostType::Pinky => (2, 0),   // Top left
+            GhostType::Pinky => IVec2::new(2, 0),   // Top left
-            GhostType::Inky => (27, 35),  // Bottom right
+            GhostType::Inky => IVec2::new(27, 35),  // Bottom right
-            GhostType::Clyde => (0, 35),  // Bottom left
+            GhostType::Clyde => IVec2::new(0, 35),  // Bottom left
         }
     }
 
     /// Gets a random adjacent tile for frightened mode
-    fn get_random_target(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    fn get_random_target(&self) -> IVec2 {
-        let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+        let mut rng = rand::rng();
-        let (x, y) = self.cell_position;
         let mut possible_moves = Vec::new();
 
         // Check all four directions
-        for dir in &[
+        for dir in &[Direction::Up, Direction::Down, Direction::Left, Direction::Right] {
-            Direction::Up,
-            Direction::Down,
-            Direction::Left,
-            Direction::Right,
-        ] {
             // Don't allow reversing direction
-            if *dir == self.direction.opposite() {
+            if *dir == self.base.direction.opposite() {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let (dx, dy) = dir.offset();
+            let next_cell = self.base.next_cell(Some(*dir));
-            let next_cell = (x as i32 + dx, y as i32 + dy);
+            if !matches!(self.base.map.borrow().get_tile(next_cell), Some(MapTile::Wall)) {
-            let tile = self.map.borrow().get_tile(next_cell);
-            if let Some(MapTile::Wall) = tile {
-                // It's a wall, not a valid move
-            } else {
                 possible_moves.push(next_cell);
             }
         }
 
         if possible_moves.is_empty() {
             // No valid moves, must reverse
-            let (dx, dy) = self.direction.opposite().offset();
+            self.base.next_cell(Some(self.base.direction.opposite()))
-            return (x as i32 + dx, y as i32 + dy);
+        } else {
+            // Choose a random valid move
+            possible_moves[rng.random_range(0..possible_moves.len())]
         }
-
-        // Choose a random valid move
-        possible_moves[rng.gen_range(0..possible_moves.len())]
     }
 
     /// Gets the ghost house target for returning eyes
-    fn get_house_target(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    fn get_house_target(&self) -> IVec2 {
-        (13, 14) // Center of ghost house
+        IVec2::new(13, 14) // Center of ghost house
     }
 
     /// Gets the exit point target when leaving house
-    fn get_house_exit_target(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    fn get_house_exit_target(&self) -> IVec2 {
-        (13, 11) // Just above ghost house
+        IVec2::new(13, 11) // Just above ghost house
     }
 
     /// Gets this ghost's chase mode target (to be implemented by each ghost type)
-    fn get_chase_target(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    fn get_chase_target(&self) -> IVec2 {
-        // Default implementation just targets Pac-Man directly
         let pacman = self.pacman.borrow();
-        (pacman.cell_position.0 as i32, pacman.cell_position.1 as i32)
+        let cell = pacman.base().cell_position;
+        IVec2::new(cell.x as i32, cell.y as i32)
+    }
+
+    /// Calculates the path to the target tile using the A* algorithm.
+    pub fn get_path_to_target(&self, target: UVec2) -> Option<(Vec<UVec2>, u32)> {
+        let start = self.base.base.cell_position;
+        let map = self.base.map.borrow();
+        use pathfinding::prelude::dijkstra;
+        dijkstra(
+            &start,
+            |&p| {
+                let mut successors = vec![];
+                let tile = map.get_tile(IVec2::new(p.x as i32, p.y as i32));
+                // Tunnel wrap: if currently in a tunnel, add the opposite exit as a neighbor
+                if let Some(MapTile::Tunnel) = tile {
+                    if p.x == 0 {
+                        successors.push((UVec2::new(BOARD_WIDTH - 2, p.y), 1));
+                    } else if p.x == BOARD_WIDTH - 1 {
+                        successors.push((UVec2::new(1, p.y), 1));
+                    }
+                }
+                for dir in &[Direction::Up, Direction::Down, Direction::Left, Direction::Right] {
+                    let (dx, dy) = dir.offset();
+                    let next_p = IVec2::new(p.x as i32 + dx, p.y as i32 + dy);
+                    if let Some(tile) = map.get_tile(next_p) {
+                        if tile == MapTile::Wall {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        let next_u = UVec2::new(next_p.x as u32, next_p.y as u32);
+                        successors.push((next_u, 1));
+                    }
+                }
+                successors
+            },
+            |&p| p == target,
+        )
     }
 
     /// Changes the ghost's mode and handles direction reversal
     pub fn set_mode(&mut self, new_mode: GhostMode) {
         // Don't reverse if going to/from frightened or if in house
-        let should_reverse = self.mode != GhostMode::House
+        let should_reverse =
-            && new_mode != GhostMode::Frightened
+            self.mode != GhostMode::House && new_mode != GhostMode::Frightened && self.mode != GhostMode::Frightened;
-            && self.mode != GhostMode::Frightened;
 
         self.mode = new_mode;
 
+        self.base.speed = match new_mode {
+            GhostMode::Chase => 3,
+            GhostMode::Scatter => 2,
+            GhostMode::Frightened => 2,
+            GhostMode::Eyes => 7,
+            GhostMode::House => 0,
+        };
+
         if should_reverse {
-            self.direction = self.direction.opposite();
+            self.base.set_direction_if_valid(self.base.direction.opposite());
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl Entity for Ghost<'_> {
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
-    fn position(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
-        self.pixel_position
-    }
-
-    fn cell_position(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        self.cell_position
-    }
-
-    fn internal_position(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        let (x, y) = self.position();
-        (x as u32 % CELL_SIZE, y as u32 % CELL_SIZE)
-    }
-
-    fn is_colliding(&self, other: &dyn Entity) -> bool {
-        let (x, y) = self.position();
-        let (other_x, other_y) = other.position();
-        x == other_x && y == other_y
-    }
-
-    fn tick(&mut self) {
         if self.mode == GhostMode::House {
             // For now, do nothing in the house
             return;
         }
 
-        if self.internal_position() == (0, 0) {
+        if self.base.is_grid_aligned() {
-            self.cell_position = (
+            self.base.update_cell_position();
-                (self.pixel_position.0 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.0,
-                (self.pixel_position.1 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.1,
-            );
 
-            let current_tile = self
+            if !self.base.handle_tunnel() {
-                .map
-                .borrow()
-                .get_tile((self.cell_position.0 as i32, self.cell_position.1 as i32))
-                .unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
-            if current_tile == MapTile::Tunnel {
-                self.in_tunnel = true;
-            }
-
-            // Tunnel logic: if in tunnel, force movement and prevent direction change
-            if self.in_tunnel {
-                // If out of bounds, teleport to the opposite side and exit tunnel
-                if self.cell_position.0 == 0 {
-                    self.cell_position.0 = BOARD_WIDTH - 2;
-                    self.pixel_position =
-                        Map::cell_to_pixel((self.cell_position.0, self.cell_position.1));
-                    self.in_tunnel = false;
-                } else if self.cell_position.0 == BOARD_WIDTH - 1 {
-                    self.cell_position.0 = 1;
-                    self.pixel_position =
-                        Map::cell_to_pixel((self.cell_position.0, self.cell_position.1));
-                    self.in_tunnel = false;
-                } else {
-                    // While in tunnel, do not allow direction change
-                    // and always move in the current direction
-                }
-            } else {
                 // Pathfinding logic (only if not in tunnel)
                 let target_tile = self.get_target_tile();
-                if let Some((path, _)) =
+                if let Some((path, _)) = self.get_path_to_target(target_tile.as_uvec2()) {
-                    self.get_path_to_target((target_tile.0 as u32, target_tile.1 as u32))
-                {
                     if path.len() > 1 {
                         let next_move = path[1];
-                        let (x, y) = self.cell_position;
+                        let x = self.base.base.cell_position.x;
-                        let dx = next_move.0 as i32 - x as i32;
+                        let y = self.base.base.cell_position.y;
-                        let dy = next_move.1 as i32 - y as i32;
+                        let dx = next_move.x as i32 - x as i32;
-                        self.direction = if dx > 0 {
+                        let dy = next_move.y as i32 - y as i32;
+                        let new_direction = if dx > 0 {
                             Direction::Right
                         } else if dx < 0 {
                             Direction::Left
@@ -357,46 +243,67 @@ impl Entity for Ghost<'_> {
                         } else {
                             Direction::Up
                         };
+                        self.base.set_direction_if_valid(new_direction);
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            // Check if the next tile in the current direction is a wall
+            // Don't move if the next tile is a wall
-            let (dx, dy) = self.direction.offset();
+            if self.base.is_wall_ahead(None) {
-            let next_cell = (
-                self.cell_position.0 as i32 + dx,
-                self.cell_position.1 as i32 + dy,
-            );
-            let next_tile = self
-                .map
-                .borrow()
-                .get_tile(next_cell)
-                .unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
-            if next_tile == MapTile::Wall {
-                // Don't move if the next tile is a wall
                 return;
             }
         }
 
-        if !self.modulation.next() {
+        if self.base.modulation.next() {
-            return;
+            self.base.move_forward();
-        }
 
-        // Update position based on current direction and speed
+            if self.base.is_grid_aligned() {
-        let speed = self.speed as i32;
+                self.base.update_cell_position();
-        match self.direction {
+            }
-            Direction::Right => self.pixel_position.0 += speed,
-            Direction::Left => self.pixel_position.0 -= speed,
-            Direction::Up => self.pixel_position.1 -= speed,
-            Direction::Down => self.pixel_position.1 += speed,
-        }
-
-        // Update cell position when aligned with grid
-        if self.internal_position() == (0, 0) {
-            self.cell_position = (
-                (self.pixel_position.0 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.0,
-                (self.pixel_position.1 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.1,
-            );
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl<'a> Moving for Ghost<'a> {
+    fn move_forward(&mut self) {
+        self.base.move_forward();
+    }
+    fn update_cell_position(&mut self) {
+        self.base.update_cell_position();
+    }
+    fn next_cell(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> IVec2 {
+        self.base.next_cell(direction)
+    }
+    fn is_wall_ahead(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> bool {
+        self.base.is_wall_ahead(direction)
+    }
+    fn handle_tunnel(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.base.handle_tunnel()
+    }
+    fn is_grid_aligned(&self) -> bool {
+        self.base.is_grid_aligned()
+    }
+    fn set_direction_if_valid(&mut self, new_direction: Direction) -> bool {
+        self.base.set_direction_if_valid(new_direction)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Renderable for Ghost<'a> {
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut sdl2::render::Canvas<sdl2::video::Window>) {
+        let pos = self.base.base.pixel_position;
+        self.body_sprite.render(canvas, (pos.x, pos.y), Direction::Right, None);
+        // Inline the eye_frame logic here
+        let eye_frame = if self.mode == GhostMode::Frightened {
+            4 // Frightened frame
+        } else {
+            match self.base.direction {
+                Direction::Right => 0,
+                Direction::Up => 1,
+                Direction::Left => 2,
+                Direction::Down => 3,
+            }
+        };
+        self.eyes_sprite
+            .render(canvas, (pos.x, pos.y), Direction::Right, Some(eye_frame));
+    }
+}

src/ghosts/blinky.rs

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
 use sdl2::video::Window;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::direction::Direction;
-    entity::Entity,
+use crate::entity::{Entity, Moving, Renderable, StaticEntity};
-    ghost::{Ghost, GhostMode, GhostType},
+use crate::ghost::{Ghost, GhostMode, GhostType};
-    map::Map,
+use crate::map::Map;
-    pacman::Pacman,
+use crate::pacman::Pacman;
-};
+use glam::{IVec2, UVec2};
 
 pub struct Blinky<'a> {
     ghost: Ghost<'a>,
@@ -17,58 +17,66 @@ pub struct Blinky<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> Blinky<'a> {
     pub fn new(
-        starting_position: (u32, u32),
+        starting_position: UVec2,
         body_texture: Texture<'a>,
         eyes_texture: Texture<'a>,
         map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
         pacman: Rc<RefCell<Pacman<'a>>>,
     ) -> Blinky<'a> {
         Blinky {
-            ghost: Ghost::new(
+            ghost: Ghost::new(GhostType::Blinky, starting_position, body_texture, eyes_texture, map, pacman),
-                GhostType::Blinky,
-                starting_position,
-                body_texture,
-                eyes_texture,
-                map,
-                pacman,
-            ),
         }
     }
 
     /// Gets Blinky's chase target - directly targets Pac-Man's current position
-    fn get_chase_target(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    fn get_chase_target(&self) -> IVec2 {
         let pacman = self.ghost.pacman.borrow();
-        (pacman.cell_position.0 as i32, pacman.cell_position.1 as i32)
+        let cell = pacman.base().cell_position;
+        IVec2::new(cell.x as i32, cell.y as i32)
     }
 
     pub fn set_mode(&mut self, mode: GhostMode) {
         self.ghost.set_mode(mode);
     }
 
-    pub fn render(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
-        self.ghost.render(canvas);
+        self.ghost.tick();
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Entity for Blinky<'a> {
-    fn position(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    fn base(&self) -> &StaticEntity {
-        self.ghost.position()
+        self.ghost.base.base()
     }
+}
 
-    fn cell_position(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
+impl<'a> Renderable for Blinky<'a> {
-        self.ghost.cell_position()
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
+        self.ghost.render(canvas);
     }
+}
 
-    fn internal_position(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
+impl<'a> Moving for Blinky<'a> {
-        self.ghost.internal_position()
+    fn move_forward(&mut self) {
+        self.ghost.move_forward();
     }
-
+    fn update_cell_position(&mut self) {
-    fn is_colliding(&self, other: &dyn Entity) -> bool {
+        self.ghost.update_cell_position();
-        self.ghost.is_colliding(other)
     }
-
+    fn next_cell(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> IVec2 {
-    fn tick(&mut self) {
+        self.ghost.next_cell(direction)
-        self.ghost.tick()
+    }
+    fn is_wall_ahead(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> bool {
+        self.ghost.is_wall_ahead(direction)
+    }
+    fn handle_tunnel(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.ghost.handle_tunnel()
+    }
+    fn is_grid_aligned(&self) -> bool {
+        self.ghost.is_grid_aligned()
+    }
+    fn set_direction_if_valid(&mut self, new_direction: Direction) -> bool {
+        self.ghost.set_direction_if_valid(new_direction)
     }
 }
 

src/ghosts/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-mod blinky;
+pub mod blinky;
-
-pub use blinky::Blinky;

src/helper.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,23 @@
 //! This module contains helper functions that are used throughout the game.
 
+use glam::UVec2;
+
 /// Checks if two grid positions are adjacent to each other
 ///
 /// # Arguments
 /// * `a` - First position as (x, y) coordinates
-/// * `b` - Second position as (x, y) coordinates  
+/// * `b` - Second position as (x, y) coordinates
 /// * `diagonal` - Whether to consider diagonal adjacency (true) or only orthogonal (false)
 ///
 /// # Returns
 /// * `true` if positions are adjacent according to the diagonal parameter
 /// * `false` otherwise
-pub fn is_adjacent(a: (u32, u32), b: (u32, u32), diagonal: bool) -> bool {
+pub fn is_adjacent(a: UVec2, b: UVec2, diagonal: bool) -> bool {
-    let (ax, ay) = a;
+    let dx = a.x.abs_diff(b.x);
-    let (bx, by) = b;
+    let dy = a.y.abs_diff(b.y);
-
-    // Calculate absolute differences between coordinates
-    let dx = if ax > bx { ax - bx } else { bx - ax };
-    let dy = if ay > by { ay - by } else { by - ay };
-
     if diagonal {
-        // For diagonal adjacency: both differences must be ≤ 1 and at least one > 0
+        dx <= 1 && dy <= 1 && (dx != 0 || dy != 0)
-        dx <= 1 && dy <= 1 && (dx + dy) > 0
     } else {
-        // For orthogonal adjacency: exactly one difference must be 1, the other 0
         (dx == 1 && dy == 0) || (dx == 0 && dy == 1)
     }
 }
@@ -36,22 +31,22 @@ mod tests {
         // Test orthogonal adjacency (diagonal = false)
 
         // Same position should not be adjacent
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (0, 0), false));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(0, 0), false));
 
         // Adjacent positions should be true
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (1, 0), false)); // Right
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(1, 0), false)); // Right
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (0, 1), false)); // Down
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(0, 1), false)); // Down
-        assert!(is_adjacent((1, 1), (0, 1), false)); // Left
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 1), UVec2::new(0, 1), false)); // Left
-        assert!(is_adjacent((1, 1), (1, 0), false)); // Up
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 1), UVec2::new(1, 0), false)); // Up
 
         // Diagonal positions should be false
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (1, 1), false));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(1, 1), false));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 1), (1, 0), false));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 1), UVec2::new(1, 0), false));
 
         // Positions more than 1 step away should be false
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (2, 0), false));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(2, 0), false));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (0, 2), false));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(0, 2), false));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (2, 2), false));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(2, 2), false));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -59,54 +54,54 @@ mod tests {
         // Test diagonal adjacency (diagonal = true)
 
         // Same position should not be adjacent
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (0, 0), true));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(0, 0), true));
 
         // Orthogonal adjacent positions should be true
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (1, 0), true)); // Right
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(1, 0), true)); // Right
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (0, 1), true)); // Down
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(0, 1), true)); // Down
-        assert!(is_adjacent((1, 1), (0, 1), true)); // Left
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 1), UVec2::new(0, 1), true)); // Left
-        assert!(is_adjacent((1, 1), (1, 0), true)); // Up
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 1), UVec2::new(1, 0), true)); // Up
 
         // Diagonal adjacent positions should be true
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (1, 1), true)); // Down-right
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(1, 1), true)); // Down-right
-        assert!(is_adjacent((1, 0), (0, 1), true)); // Down-left
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 0), UVec2::new(0, 1), true)); // Down-left
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 1), (1, 0), true)); // Up-right
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 1), UVec2::new(1, 0), true)); // Up-right
-        assert!(is_adjacent((1, 1), (0, 0), true)); // Up-left
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 1), UVec2::new(0, 0), true)); // Up-left
 
         // Positions more than 1 step away should be false
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (2, 0), true));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(2, 0), true));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (0, 2), true));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(0, 2), true));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (2, 2), true));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(2, 2), true));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((0, 0), (1, 2), true));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(1, 2), true));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_edge_cases() {
         // Test with larger coordinates
-        assert!(is_adjacent((100, 100), (101, 100), false));
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(100, 100), UVec2::new(101, 100), false));
-        assert!(is_adjacent((100, 100), (100, 101), false));
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(100, 100), UVec2::new(100, 101), false));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((100, 100), (102, 100), false));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(100, 100), UVec2::new(102, 100), false));
 
-        assert!(is_adjacent((100, 100), (101, 101), true));
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(100, 100), UVec2::new(101, 101), true));
-        assert!(!is_adjacent((100, 100), (102, 102), true));
+        assert!(!is_adjacent(UVec2::new(100, 100), UVec2::new(102, 102), true));
 
         // Test with zero coordinates
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (1, 0), false));
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(1, 0), false));
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (0, 1), false));
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(0, 1), false));
-        assert!(is_adjacent((0, 0), (1, 1), true));
+        assert!(is_adjacent(UVec2::new(0, 0), UVec2::new(1, 1), true));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_commutative_property() {
         // The function should work the same regardless of parameter order
         assert_eq!(
-            is_adjacent((1, 2), (2, 2), false),
+            is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 2), UVec2::new(2, 2), false),
-            is_adjacent((2, 2), (1, 2), false)
+            is_adjacent(UVec2::new(2, 2), UVec2::new(1, 2), false)
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            is_adjacent((1, 2), (2, 3), true),
+            is_adjacent(UVec2::new(1, 2), UVec2::new(2, 3), true),
-            is_adjacent((2, 3), (1, 2), true)
+            is_adjacent(UVec2::new(2, 3), UVec2::new(1, 2), true)
         );
     }
 }

src/main.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
 
 #[cfg(windows)]
 use winapi::{
-    shared::{ntdef::NULL, windef::HWND},
+    shared::ntdef::NULL,
     um::{
         fileapi::{CreateFileA, OPEN_EXISTING},
         handleapi::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ use winapi::{
 /// terminal, this function does nothing.
 #[cfg(windows)]
 unsafe fn attach_console() {
-    if GetConsoleWindow() != std::ptr::null_mut() as HWND {
+    if !std::ptr::eq(GetConsoleWindow(), std::ptr::null_mut()) {
         return;
     }
 
     if AttachConsole(winapi::um::wincon::ATTACH_PARENT_PROCESS) != 0 {
         let handle = CreateFileA(
-            "CONOUT$\0".as_ptr() as *const i8,
+            c"CONOUT$".as_ptr(),
             GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
             FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
             std::ptr::null_mut(),
@@ -53,9 +53,12 @@ unsafe fn attach_console() {
 }
 
 mod animation;
+mod asset;
 mod audio;
 mod constants;
+mod debug;
 mod direction;
+mod edible;
 mod entity;
 mod game;
 mod ghost;
@@ -96,26 +99,17 @@ pub fn main() {
         .build()
         .expect("Could not initialize window");
 
-    let mut canvas = window
+    let mut canvas = window.into_canvas().build().expect("Could not build canvas");
-        .into_canvas()
-        .build()
-        .expect("Could not build canvas");
 
     canvas
         .set_logical_size(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT)
         .expect("Could not set logical size");
 
     let texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
-    let mut game = Game::new(
+    let mut game = Game::new(&mut canvas, &texture_creator, &ttf_context, &audio_subsystem);
-        &mut canvas,
+    game.audio.set_mute(cfg!(debug_assertions));
-        &texture_creator,
-        &ttf_context,
-        &audio_subsystem,
-    );
 
-    let mut event_pump = sdl_context
+    let mut event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump().expect("Could not get SDL EventPump");
-        .event_pump()
-        .expect("Could not get SDL EventPump");
 
     // Initial draw and tick
     game.draw();
@@ -123,12 +117,7 @@ pub fn main() {
 
     // The target time for each frame of the game loop (60 FPS).
     let loop_time = Duration::from_secs(1) / 60;
-    let mut tick_no = 0u32;
 
-    // The start of a period of time over which we average the frame time.
-    let mut last_averaging_time = Instant::now();
-    // The total time spent sleeping during the current averaging period.
-    let mut sleep_time = Duration::ZERO;
     let mut paused = false;
     // Whether the window is currently shown.
     let mut shown = false;
@@ -171,11 +160,7 @@ pub fn main() {
                     ..
                 } => {
                     paused = !paused;
-                    event!(
+                    event!(tracing::Level::INFO, "{}", if paused { "Paused" } else { "Unpaused" });
-                        tracing::Level::INFO,
-                        "{}",
-                        if paused { "Paused" } else { "Unpaused" }
-                    );
                 }
                 Event::KeyDown { keycode, .. } => {
                     game.keyboard_event(keycode.unwrap());
@@ -203,7 +188,6 @@ pub fn main() {
                     std::thread::sleep(time);
                 }
             }
-            sleep_time += time;
         } else {
             event!(
                 tracing::Level::WARN,
@@ -212,20 +196,6 @@ pub fn main() {
             );
         }
 
-        tick_no += 1;
-
-        // Caclulate and display performance statistics every 60 seconds.
-        const PERIOD: u32 = 60 * 60;
-        let tick_mod = tick_no % PERIOD;
-        if tick_mod % PERIOD == 0 {
-            let average_fps = PERIOD as f32 / last_averaging_time.elapsed().as_secs_f32();
-            let average_sleep = sleep_time / PERIOD;
-            let average_process = loop_time - average_sleep;
-
-            sleep_time = Duration::ZERO;
-            last_averaging_time = Instant::now();
-        }
-
         true
     };
 

src/map.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
 //! This module defines the game map and provides functions for interacting with it.
+use rand::seq::IteratorRandom;
+
 use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_OFFSET, CELL_SIZE};
 use crate::constants::{BOARD_HEIGHT, BOARD_WIDTH};
-
+use glam::{IVec2, UVec2};
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
-pub struct Position(pub u32, pub u32);
+use std::collections::{HashSet, VecDeque};
-
-impl Position {
-    pub fn as_i32(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
-        (self.0 as i32, self.1 as i32)
-    }
-    pub fn wrapping_add(&self, dx: i32, dy: i32) -> Position {
-        Position((self.0 as i32 + dx) as u32, (self.1 as i32 + dy) as u32)
-    }
-}
 
 /// The game map.
 ///
@@ -34,49 +27,34 @@ impl Map {
     pub fn new(raw_board: [&str; BOARD_HEIGHT as usize]) -> Map {
         let mut map = [[MapTile::Empty; BOARD_HEIGHT as usize]; BOARD_WIDTH as usize];
 
-        for y in 0..BOARD_HEIGHT as usize {
+        for (y, line) in raw_board.iter().enumerate().take(BOARD_HEIGHT as usize) {
-            let line = raw_board[y];
+            for (x, character) in line.chars().enumerate().take(BOARD_WIDTH as usize) {
-
-            for x in 0..BOARD_WIDTH as usize {
-                if x >= line.len() {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                let i = (y * (BOARD_WIDTH as usize) + x) as usize;
-                let character = line
-                    .chars()
-                    .nth(x as usize)
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Could not get character at {} = ({}, {})", i, x, y));
-
                 let tile = match character {
                     '#' => MapTile::Wall,
                     '.' => MapTile::Pellet,
                     'o' => MapTile::PowerPellet,
                     ' ' => MapTile::Empty,
                     'T' => MapTile::Tunnel,
-                    c @ '0' | c @ '1' | c @ '2' | c @ '3' | c @ '4' => {
+                    c @ '0' | c @ '1' | c @ '2' | c @ '3' | c @ '4' => MapTile::StartingPosition(c.to_digit(10).unwrap() as u8),
-                        MapTile::StartingPosition(c.to_digit(10).unwrap() as u8)
-                    }
                     '=' => MapTile::Empty,
-                    _ => panic!("Unknown character in board: {}", character),
+                    _ => panic!("Unknown character in board: {character}"),
                 };
-
+                map[x][y] = tile;
-                map[x as usize][y as usize] = tile;
             }
         }
 
         Map {
             current: map,
-            default: map.clone(),
+            default: map,
         }
     }
 
     /// Resets the map to its original state.
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
         // Restore the map to its original state
-        for x in 0..BOARD_WIDTH as usize {
+        for (x, col) in self.current.iter_mut().enumerate().take(BOARD_WIDTH as usize) {
-            for y in 0..BOARD_HEIGHT as usize {
+            for (y, cell) in col.iter_mut().enumerate().take(BOARD_HEIGHT as usize) {
-                self.current[x][y] = self.default[x][y];
+                *cell = self.default[x][y];
             }
         }
     }
@@ -86,9 +64,9 @@ impl Map {
     /// # Arguments
     ///
     /// * `cell` - The cell coordinates, in grid coordinates.
-    pub fn get_tile(&self, cell: (i32, i32)) -> Option<MapTile> {
+    pub fn get_tile(&self, cell: IVec2) -> Option<MapTile> {
-        let x = cell.0 as usize;
+        let x = cell.x as usize;
-        let y = cell.1 as usize;
+        let y = cell.y as usize;
 
         if x >= BOARD_WIDTH as usize || y >= BOARD_HEIGHT as usize {
             return None;
@@ -103,9 +81,9 @@ impl Map {
     ///
     /// * `cell` - The cell coordinates, in grid coordinates.
     /// * `tile` - The tile to set.
-    pub fn set_tile(&mut self, cell: (i32, i32), tile: MapTile) -> bool {
+    pub fn set_tile(&mut self, cell: IVec2, tile: MapTile) -> bool {
-        let x = cell.0 as usize;
+        let x = cell.x as usize;
-        let y = cell.1 as usize;
+        let y = cell.y as usize;
 
         if x >= BOARD_WIDTH as usize || y >= BOARD_HEIGHT as usize {
             return false;
@@ -120,10 +98,60 @@ impl Map {
     /// # Arguments
     ///
     /// * `cell` - The cell coordinates, in grid coordinates.
-    pub fn cell_to_pixel(cell: (u32, u32)) -> (i32, i32) {
+    pub fn cell_to_pixel(cell: UVec2) -> IVec2 {
-        (
+        IVec2::new((cell.x * CELL_SIZE) as i32, ((cell.y + BOARD_OFFSET.1) * CELL_SIZE) as i32)
-            (cell.0 * CELL_SIZE) as i32,
+    }
-            ((cell.1 + BOARD_OFFSET.1) * CELL_SIZE) as i32,
+
-        )
+    /// Returns a reference to a cached vector of all valid playable positions in the maze.
+    /// This is computed once using a flood fill from a random pellet, and then cached.
+    pub fn get_valid_playable_positions(&mut self) -> &Vec<UVec2> {
+        use MapTile::*;
+        static CACHE: OnceCell<Vec<UVec2>> = OnceCell::new();
+        if let Some(cached) = CACHE.get() {
+            return cached;
+        }
+        // Find a random starting pellet
+        let mut pellet_positions = vec![];
+        for (x, col) in self.current.iter().enumerate().take(BOARD_WIDTH as usize) {
+            for (y, &cell) in col.iter().enumerate().take(BOARD_HEIGHT as usize) {
+                match cell {
+                    Pellet | PowerPellet => pellet_positions.push(UVec2::new(x as u32, y as u32)),
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let mut rng = rand::rng();
+        let &start = pellet_positions
+            .iter()
+            .choose(&mut rng)
+            .expect("No pellet found for flood fill");
+        // Flood fill
+        let mut visited = HashSet::new();
+        let mut queue = VecDeque::new();
+
+        queue.push_back(start);
+        while let Some(pos) = queue.pop_front() {
+            if !visited.insert(pos) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            match self.current[pos.x as usize][pos.y as usize] {
+                Empty | Pellet | PowerPellet => {
+                    for offset in [IVec2::new(-1, 0), IVec2::new(1, 0), IVec2::new(0, -1), IVec2::new(0, 1)] {
+                        let neighbor = (pos.as_ivec2() + offset).as_uvec2();
+                        if neighbor.x < BOARD_WIDTH && neighbor.y < BOARD_HEIGHT {
+                            let neighbor_tile = self.current[neighbor.x as usize][neighbor.y as usize];
+                            if matches!(neighbor_tile, Empty | Pellet | PowerPellet) {
+                                queue.push_back(neighbor);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                StartingPosition(_) | Wall | Tunnel => {}
+            }
+        }
+        let mut result: Vec<UVec2> = visited.into_iter().collect();
+        result.sort_unstable_by_key(|v| (v.x, v.y));
+        CACHE.get_or_init(|| result)
     }
 }

src/pacman.rs

@@ -6,251 +6,127 @@ use sdl2::{
     render::{Canvas, Texture},
     video::Window,
 };
-use tracing::event;
 
 use crate::{
-    animation::AnimatedTexture,
+    animation::{AnimatedAtlasTexture, FrameDrawn},
-    constants::MapTile,
-    constants::{BOARD_OFFSET, BOARD_WIDTH, CELL_SIZE},
     direction::Direction,
-    entity::Entity,
+    entity::{Entity, MovableEntity, Moving, Renderable, StaticEntity},
     map::Map,
     modulation::{SimpleTickModulator, TickModulator},
 };
 
+use glam::{IVec2, UVec2};
+
 /// The Pac-Man entity.
 pub struct Pacman<'a> {
-    /// The absolute position of Pac-Man on the board, in pixels.
+    /// Shared movement and position fields.
-    pub pixel_position: (i32, i32),
+    pub base: MovableEntity,
-    /// The position of Pac-Man on the board, in grid coordinates.
-    /// This is only updated at the moment Pac-Man is aligned with the grid.
-    pub cell_position: (u32, u32),
-    /// The current direction of Pac-Man.
-    pub direction: Direction,
     /// The next direction of Pac-Man, which will be applied when Pac-Man is next aligned with the grid.
     pub next_direction: Option<Direction>,
     /// Whether Pac-Man is currently stopped.
     pub stopped: bool,
-    map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
+    pub sprite: AnimatedAtlasTexture<'a>,
-    speed: u32,
+}
-    modulation: SimpleTickModulator,
+
-    sprite: AnimatedTexture<'a>,
+impl<'a> Entity for Pacman<'a> {
-    pub in_tunnel: bool,
+    fn base(&self) -> &StaticEntity {
+        &self.base.base
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Moving for Pacman<'a> {
+    fn move_forward(&mut self) {
+        self.base.move_forward();
+    }
+    fn update_cell_position(&mut self) {
+        self.base.update_cell_position();
+    }
+    fn next_cell(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> IVec2 {
+        self.base.next_cell(direction)
+    }
+    fn is_wall_ahead(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> bool {
+        self.base.is_wall_ahead(direction)
+    }
+    fn handle_tunnel(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.base.handle_tunnel()
+    }
+    fn is_grid_aligned(&self) -> bool {
+        self.base.is_grid_aligned()
+    }
+    fn set_direction_if_valid(&mut self, new_direction: Direction) -> bool {
+        self.base.set_direction_if_valid(new_direction)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Pacman<'_> {
     /// Creates a new `Pacman` instance.
-    ///
+    pub fn new<'a>(starting_position: UVec2, atlas: Texture<'a>, map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>) -> Pacman<'a> {
-    /// # Arguments
+        let pixel_position = Map::cell_to_pixel(starting_position);
-    ///
-    /// * `starting_position` - The starting position of Pac-Man, in grid coordinates.
-    /// * `atlas` - The texture atlas containing the Pac-Man sprites.
-    /// * `map` - A reference to the game map.
-    pub fn new<'a>(
-        starting_position: (u32, u32),
-        atlas: Texture<'a>,
-        map: Rc<RefCell<Map>>,
-    ) -> Pacman<'a> {
         Pacman {
-            pixel_position: Map::cell_to_pixel(starting_position),
+            base: MovableEntity::new(
-            cell_position: starting_position,
+                pixel_position,
-            direction: Direction::Right,
+                starting_position,
+                Direction::Right,
+                3,
+                SimpleTickModulator::new(1.0),
+                map,
+            ),
             next_direction: None,
-            speed: 3,
-            map,
             stopped: false,
-            modulation: SimpleTickModulator::new(1.0),
+            sprite: AnimatedAtlasTexture::new(atlas, 2, 3, 32, 32, Some((-4, -4))),
-            sprite: AnimatedTexture::new(atlas, 2, 3, 32, 32, Some((-4, -4))),
-            in_tunnel: false,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Renders Pac-Man to the canvas.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `canvas` - The SDL canvas to render to.
-    pub fn render(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
-        if self.stopped {
-            self.sprite
-                .render_static(canvas, self.pixel_position, self.direction, Some(2));
-        } else {
-            self.sprite
-                .render(canvas, self.pixel_position, self.direction);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Calculates the next cell in the given direction.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `direction` - The direction to check. If `None`, the current direction is used.
-    pub fn next_cell(&self, direction: Option<Direction>) -> (i32, i32) {
-        let (x, y) = direction.unwrap_or(self.direction).offset();
-        let cell = self.cell_position;
-        (cell.0 as i32 + x, cell.1 as i32 + y)
-    }
-
     /// Handles a requested direction change.
-    ///
-    /// The direction change is only applied if the next tile in the requested
-    /// direction is not a wall.
     fn handle_direction_change(&mut self) -> bool {
         match self.next_direction {
-            // If there is no next direction, do nothing.
             None => return false,
-            // If the next direction is the same as the current direction, do nothing.
             Some(next_direction) => {
-                if next_direction == self.direction {
+                if <Pacman as Moving>::set_direction_if_valid(self, next_direction) {
                     self.next_direction = None;
-                    return false;
+                    return true;
                 }
             }
         }
-
+        false
-        // Get the next cell in the proposed direction.
-        let proposed_next_cell = self.next_cell(self.next_direction);
-        let proposed_next_tile = self
-            .map
-            .borrow()
-            .get_tile(proposed_next_cell)
-            .unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
-
-        // If the next tile is a wall, do nothing.
-        if proposed_next_tile == MapTile::Wall {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // If the next tile is not a wall, change direction.
-        event!(
-            tracing::Level::DEBUG,
-            "Direction change: {:?} -> {:?} at position ({}, {}) internal ({}, {})",
-            self.direction,
-            self.next_direction.unwrap(),
-            self.pixel_position.0,
-            self.pixel_position.1,
-            self.internal_position().0,
-            self.internal_position().1
-        );
-        self.direction = self.next_direction.unwrap();
-        self.next_direction = None;
-
-        true
     }
 
-    /// Returns the internal position of Pac-Man, rounded down to the nearest
+    /// Returns the internal position of Pac-Man, rounded down to the nearest even number.
-    /// even number.
+    fn internal_position_even(&self) -> UVec2 {
-    ///
+        let pos = self.base.internal_position();
-    /// This is used to ensure that Pac-Man is aligned with the grid before
+        UVec2::new((pos.x / 2) * 2, (pos.y / 2) * 2)
-    /// changing direction.
-    fn internal_position_even(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        let (x, y) = self.internal_position();
-        ((x / 2u32) * 2u32, (y / 2u32) * 2u32)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Entity for Pacman<'_> {
-    fn is_colliding(&self, other: &dyn Entity) -> bool {
-        let (x, y) = self.position();
-        let (other_x, other_y) = other.position();
-        x == other_x && y == other_y
     }
 
-    fn position(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
-        self.pixel_position
+        let can_change = self.internal_position_even() == UVec2::ZERO;
-    }
-
-    fn cell_position(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        self.cell_position
-    }
-
-    fn internal_position(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        let (x, y) = self.position();
-        (x as u32 % CELL_SIZE, y as u32 % CELL_SIZE)
-    }
-
-    fn tick(&mut self) {
-        // Pac-Man can only change direction when he is perfectly aligned with the grid.
-        let can_change = self.internal_position_even() == (0, 0);
-
         if can_change {
-            self.cell_position = (
+            <Pacman as Moving>::update_cell_position(self);
-                (self.pixel_position.0 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.0,
+            if !<Pacman as Moving>::handle_tunnel(self) {
-                (self.pixel_position.1 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.1,
-            );
-
-            let current_tile = self
-                .map
-                .borrow()
-                .get_tile((self.cell_position.0 as i32, self.cell_position.1 as i32))
-                .unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
-            if current_tile == MapTile::Tunnel {
-                self.in_tunnel = true;
-            }
-
-            // Tunnel logic: if in tunnel, force movement and prevent direction change
-            if self.in_tunnel {
-                // If out of bounds, teleport to the opposite side and exit tunnel
-                if self.cell_position.0 == 0 {
-                    self.cell_position.0 = BOARD_WIDTH - 2;
-                    self.pixel_position =
-                        Map::cell_to_pixel((self.cell_position.0 + 1, self.cell_position.1));
-                    self.in_tunnel = false;
-                } else if self.cell_position.0 == BOARD_WIDTH - 1 {
-                    self.cell_position.0 = 1;
-                    self.pixel_position =
-                        Map::cell_to_pixel((self.cell_position.0 - 1, self.cell_position.1));
-                    self.in_tunnel = false;
-                } else {
-                    // While in tunnel, do not allow direction change
-                    // and always move in the current direction
-                }
-            } else {
-                // Handle direction change as normal
                 self.handle_direction_change();
-
+                if !self.stopped && <Pacman as Moving>::is_wall_ahead(self, None) {
-                // Check if the next tile in the current direction is a wall.
-                let next_tile_position = self.next_cell(None);
-                let next_tile = self
-                    .map
-                    .borrow()
-                    .get_tile(next_tile_position)
-                    .unwrap_or(MapTile::Empty);
-
-                if !self.stopped && next_tile == MapTile::Wall {
                     self.stopped = true;
-                } else if self.stopped && next_tile != MapTile::Wall {
+                } else if self.stopped && !<Pacman as Moving>::is_wall_ahead(self, None) {
                     self.stopped = false;
                 }
             }
         }
-
+        if !self.stopped && self.base.modulation.next() {
-        if !self.stopped {
+            <Pacman as Moving>::move_forward(self);
-            if self.modulation.next() {
+            if self.internal_position_even() == UVec2::ZERO {
-                let speed = self.speed as i32;
+                <Pacman as Moving>::update_cell_position(self);
-                match self.direction {
-                    Direction::Right => {
-                        self.pixel_position.0 += speed;
-                    }
-                    Direction::Left => {
-                        self.pixel_position.0 -= speed;
-                    }
-                    Direction::Up => {
-                        self.pixel_position.1 -= speed;
-                    }
-                    Direction::Down => {
-                        self.pixel_position.1 += speed;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Update the cell position if Pac-Man is aligned with the grid.
-                if self.internal_position_even() == (0, 0) {
-                    self.cell_position = (
-                        (self.pixel_position.0 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.0,
-                        (self.pixel_position.1 as u32 / CELL_SIZE) - BOARD_OFFSET.1,
-                    );
-                }
             }
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl Renderable for Pacman<'_> {
+    fn render(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<Window>) {
+        let pos = self.base.base.pixel_position;
+        let dir = self.base.direction;
+        if self.stopped {
+            self.sprite.render(canvas, (pos.x, pos.y), dir, Some(2));
+        } else {
+            self.sprite.render(canvas, (pos.x, pos.y), dir, None);
+        }
+    }
+}