fix: remove broken console stream re-attach on Windows

src/app.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-use glam::Vec2;
 use sdl2::render::TextureCreator;
 use sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext;
 use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ pub struct App {
     pub game: Game,
     last_tick: Instant,
     focused: bool,
-    _cursor_pos: Vec2,
 }
 
 impl App {
@@ -81,7 +79,6 @@ impl App {
             game,
             focused: true,
             last_tick: Instant::now(),
-            _cursor_pos: Vec2::ZERO,
         })
     }
 

src/game.rs

@@ -2,39 +2,34 @@
 
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/atlas_data.rs"));
 
-use crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
+use crate::constants::{MapTile, CANVAS_SIZE};
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
 use crate::events::GameEvent;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
 use crate::map::direction::Direction;
 use crate::systems::blinking::Blinking;
+use crate::systems::{self, ghost_collision_system, present_system, Hidden, MovementModifiers};
+
 use crate::systems::movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity};
-use crate::systems::player::player_movement_system;
 use crate::systems::profiling::SystemId;
+use crate::systems::render::RenderDirty;
 use crate::systems::{
-    audio::{audio_system, AudioEvent, AudioResource},
-    blinking::blinking_system,
-    collision::collision_system,
-    components::{
-        AudioState, Collider, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, EntityType, Ghost, GhostBundle, GhostCollider, GlobalState,
-        ItemBundle, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, RenderDirty, Renderable, ScoreResource,
-    },
-    debug::{debug_render_system, DebugFontResource, DebugState, DebugTextureResource},
-    ghost::ghost_movement_system,
-    input::input_system,
-    item::item_system,
-    player::player_control_system,
-    profiling::{profile, SystemTimings},
-    render::{directional_render_system, dirty_render_system, render_system, BackbufferResource, MapTextureResource},
+    audio_system, blinking_system, collision_system, debug_render_system, directional_render_system, dirty_render_system,
+    ghost_movement_system, hud_render_system, item_system, profile, render_system, AudioEvent, AudioResource, AudioState,
+    BackbufferResource, Collider, DebugFontResource, DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated,
+    EntityType, Frozen, Ghost, GhostBundle, GhostCollider, GlobalState, ItemBundle, ItemCollider, MapTextureResource,
+    PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence, SystemTimings,
 };
 use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
+use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventRegistry;
 use bevy_ecs::observer::Trigger;
-use bevy_ecs::schedule::Schedule;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Res, ResMut};
+use bevy_ecs::schedule::common_conditions::resource_changed;
+use bevy_ecs::schedule::{Condition, IntoScheduleConfigs, Schedule, SystemSet};
+use bevy_ecs::system::ResMut;
 use bevy_ecs::world::World;
 use sdl2::image::LoadTexture;
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, ScaleMode, TextureCreator};
+use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas, ScaleMode, TextureCreator};
 use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
 use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
 use sdl2::EventPump;
@@ -48,6 +43,10 @@ use crate::{
     texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, SpriteAtlas},
 };
 
+/// System set for all rendering systems to ensure they run after gameplay logic
+#[derive(SystemSet, Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub struct RenderSet;
+
 /// Core game state manager built on the Bevy ECS architecture.
 ///
 /// Orchestrates all game systems through a centralized `World` containing entities,
@@ -84,14 +83,7 @@ impl Game {
         texture_creator: &'static mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
         event_pump: &'static mut EventPump,
     ) -> GameResult<Game> {
-        let mut world = World::default();
-        let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
         let ttf_context = Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameError>(&mut world);
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameEvent>(&mut world);
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<AudioEvent>(&mut world);
-
         let mut backbuffer = texture_creator
             .create_texture_target(None, CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
@@ -107,6 +99,9 @@ impl Game {
         let mut debug_texture = texture_creator
             .create_texture_target(None, output_size.0, output_size.1)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        // Debug texture is copied over the backbuffer, it requires transparency abilities
+        debug_texture.set_blend_mode(BlendMode::Blend);
         debug_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
 
         let font_data = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Font)?;
@@ -152,11 +147,10 @@ impl Game {
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
         let map = Map::new(constants::RAW_BOARD)?;
-        let pacman_start_node = map.start_positions.pacman;
 
+        // Create directional animated textures for Pac-Man
         let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
         let mut stopped_textures = [None, None, None, None];
-
         for direction in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
             let moving_prefix = match direction {
                 Direction::Up => "pacman/up",
@@ -182,17 +176,19 @@ impl Game {
 
         let player = PlayerBundle {
             player: PlayerControlled,
-            position: Position::Stopped { node: pacman_start_node },
+            position: Position::Stopped {
+                node: map.start_positions.pacman,
+            },
             velocity: Velocity {
                 speed: 1.15,
                 direction: Direction::Left,
             },
+            movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers::default(),
             buffered_direction: BufferedDirection::None,
             sprite: Renderable {
                 sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "pacman/full.png")
                     .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("pacman/full.png".to_string())))?,
                 layer: 0,
-                visible: true,
             },
             directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
                 textures,
@@ -205,6 +201,13 @@ impl Game {
             pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
         };
 
+        let mut world = World::default();
+        let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
+
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameError>(&mut world);
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameEvent>(&mut world);
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<AudioEvent>(&mut world);
+
         world.insert_non_send_resource(atlas);
         world.insert_non_send_resource(event_pump);
         world.insert_non_send_resource(canvas);
@@ -224,6 +227,7 @@ impl Game {
         world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
         world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
         world.insert_resource(CursorPosition::default());
+        world.insert_resource(StartupSequence::new(60 * 3, 60));
 
         world.add_observer(
             |event: Trigger<GameEvent>, mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>, _score: ResMut<ScoreResource>| {
@@ -232,77 +236,96 @@ impl Game {
                 }
             },
         );
+
+        let input_system = profile(SystemId::Input, systems::input::input_system);
+        let player_control_system = profile(SystemId::PlayerControls, systems::player_control_system);
+        let player_movement_system = profile(SystemId::PlayerMovement, systems::player_movement_system);
+        let startup_stage_system = profile(SystemId::Stage, systems::startup_stage_system);
+        let player_tunnel_slowdown_system = profile(SystemId::PlayerMovement, systems::player::player_tunnel_slowdown_system);
+        let ghost_movement_system = profile(SystemId::Ghost, ghost_movement_system);
+        let collision_system = profile(SystemId::Collision, collision_system);
+        let ghost_collision_system = profile(SystemId::GhostCollision, ghost_collision_system);
+        let vulnerable_tick_system = profile(SystemId::Ghost, systems::vulnerable_tick_system);
+        let item_system = profile(SystemId::Item, item_system);
+        let audio_system = profile(SystemId::Audio, audio_system);
+        let blinking_system = profile(SystemId::Blinking, blinking_system);
+        let directional_render_system = profile(SystemId::DirectionalRender, directional_render_system);
+        let dirty_render_system = profile(SystemId::DirtyRender, dirty_render_system);
+        let render_system = profile(SystemId::Render, render_system);
+        let hud_render_system = profile(SystemId::HudRender, hud_render_system);
+        let debug_render_system = profile(SystemId::DebugRender, debug_render_system);
+        let present_system = profile(SystemId::Present, present_system);
+
+        let forced_dirty_system = |mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>| {
+            dirty.0 = true;
+        };
+
         schedule.add_systems((
-            profile(SystemId::Input, input_system),
-            profile(SystemId::PlayerControls, player_control_system),
-            profile(SystemId::PlayerMovement, player_movement_system),
-            profile(SystemId::Ghost, ghost_movement_system),
-            profile(SystemId::Collision, collision_system),
-            profile(SystemId::Item, item_system),
-            profile(SystemId::Audio, audio_system),
-            profile(SystemId::Blinking, blinking_system),
-            profile(SystemId::DirectionalRender, directional_render_system),
-            profile(SystemId::DirtyRender, dirty_render_system),
-            profile(SystemId::Render, render_system),
-            profile(SystemId::DebugRender, debug_render_system),
-            profile(
-                SystemId::Present,
-                |mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
-                 backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
-                 debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
-                 mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>| {
-                    if dirty.0 || debug_state.enabled {
-                        // Only copy backbuffer to main canvas if debug rendering is off
-                        // (debug rendering draws directly to main canvas)
-                        if !debug_state.enabled {
-                            canvas.present();
-                        }
-                        dirty.0 = false;
-                    }
-                },
-            ),
+            forced_dirty_system.run_if(resource_changed::<ScoreResource>.or(resource_changed::<StartupSequence>)),
+            (
+                input_system,
+                player_control_system,
+                player_movement_system,
+                startup_stage_system,
+            )
+                .chain(),
+            player_tunnel_slowdown_system,
+            ghost_movement_system,
+            vulnerable_tick_system,
+            (collision_system, ghost_collision_system, item_system).chain(),
+            audio_system,
+            blinking_system,
+            (
+                directional_render_system,
+                dirty_render_system,
+                render_system,
+                hud_render_system,
+                debug_render_system,
+                present_system,
+            )
+                .chain(),
         ));
 
-        // Spawn player
-        world.spawn(player);
+        // Spawn player and attach initial state bundle
+        world.spawn(player).insert((Frozen, Hidden));
 
         // Spawn ghosts
         Self::spawn_ghosts(&mut world)?;
 
-        // Spawn items
         let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/pellet.png")
             .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/pellet.png".to_string())))?;
         let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/energizer.png")
             .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/energizer.png".to_string())))?;
 
-        let nodes: Vec<_> = world.resource::<Map>().iter_nodes().map(|(id, tile)| (*id, *tile)).collect();
-
-        for (node_id, tile) in nodes {
-            let (item_type, sprite, size) = match tile {
-                crate::constants::MapTile::Pellet => (EntityType::Pellet, pellet_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4),
-                crate::constants::MapTile::PowerPellet => {
-                    (EntityType::PowerPellet, energizer_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95)
-                }
-                _ => continue,
-            };
+        // Build a list of item entities to spawn from the map
+        let nodes: Vec<(usize, EntityType, AtlasTile, f32)> = world
+            .resource::<Map>()
+            .iter_nodes()
+            .filter_map(|(id, tile)| match tile {
+                MapTile::Pellet => Some((*id, EntityType::Pellet, pellet_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4)),
+                MapTile::PowerPellet => Some((
+                    *id,
+                    EntityType::PowerPellet,
+                    energizer_sprite,
+                    constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95,
+                )),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .collect();
 
+        // Construct and spawn the item entities
+        for (id, item_type, sprite, size) in nodes {
             let mut item = world.spawn(ItemBundle {
-                position: Position::Stopped { node: node_id },
-                sprite: Renderable {
-                    sprite,
-                    layer: 1,
-                    visible: true,
-                },
+                position: Position::Stopped { node: id },
+                sprite: Renderable { sprite, layer: 1 },
                 entity_type: item_type,
                 collider: Collider { size },
                 item_collider: ItemCollider,
             });
 
+            // Make power pellets blink
             if item_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
-                item.insert(Blinking {
-                    timer: 0.0,
-                    interval: 0.2,
-                });
+                item.insert((Frozen, Blinking::new(0.2)));
             }
         }
 
@@ -399,7 +422,6 @@ impl Game {
                             },
                         )?,
                         layer: 0,
-                        visible: true,
                     },
                     directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
                         textures,
@@ -413,7 +435,7 @@ impl Game {
                 }
             };
 
-            world.spawn(ghost);
+            world.spawn(ghost).insert((Frozen, Hidden));
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -448,112 +470,6 @@ impl Game {
         state.exit
     }
 
-    // fn check_collisions(&mut self) {
-    //     // Check Pac-Man vs Items
-    //     let potential_collisions = self
-    //         .state
-    //         .collision_system
-    //         .potential_collisions(&self.state.pacman.position());
-
-    //     for entity_id in potential_collisions {
-    //         if entity_id != self.state.pacman_id {
-    //             // Check if this is an item collision
-    //             if let Some(item_index) = self.find_item_by_id(entity_id) {
-    //                 let item = &mut self.state.items[item_index];
-    //                 if !item.is_collected() {
-    //                     item.collect();
-    //                     self.state.score += item.get_score();
-    //                     self.state.audio.eat();
-
-    //                     // Handle energizer effects
-    //                     if matches!(item.item_type, crate::entity::item::ItemType::Energizer) {
-    //                         // TODO: Make ghosts frightened
-    //                         tracing::info!("Energizer collected! Ghosts should become frightened.");
-    //                     }
-    //                 }
-    //             }
-
-    //             // Check if this is a ghost collision
-    //             if let Some(_ghost_index) = self.find_ghost_by_id(entity_id) {
-    //                 // TODO: Handle Pac-Man being eaten by ghost
-    //                 tracing::info!("Pac-Man collided with ghost!");
-    //             }
-    //         }
-    //     }
-    // }
-
-    // fn find_item_by_id(&self, entity_id: EntityId) -> Option<usize> {
-    //     self.state.item_ids.iter().position(|&id| id == entity_id)
-    // }
-
-    // fn find_ghost_by_id(&self, entity_id: EntityId) -> Option<usize> {
-    //     self.state.ghost_ids.iter().position(|&id| id == entity_id)
-    // }
-
-    // pub fn draw<T: sdl2::render::RenderTarget>(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, backbuffer: &mut Texture) -> GameResult<()> {
-    //     // Only render the map texture once and cache it
-    //     if !self.state.map_rendered {
-    //         let mut map_texture = self
-    //             .state
-    //             .texture_creator
-    //             .create_texture_target(None, constants::CANVAS_SIZE.x, constants::CANVAS_SIZE.y)
-    //             .map_err(|e| crate::error::GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-
-    //         canvas
-    //             .with_texture_canvas(&mut map_texture, |map_canvas| {
-    //                 let mut map_tiles = Vec::with_capacity(35);
-    //                 for i in 0..35 {
-    //                     let tile_name = format!("maze/tiles/{}.png", i);
-    //                     let tile = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&self.state.atlas, &tile_name).unwrap();
-    //                     map_tiles.push(tile);
-    //                 }
-    //                 MapRenderer::render_map(map_canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &mut map_tiles);
-    //             })
-    //             .map_err(|e| crate::error::GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-    //         self.state.map_texture = Some(map_texture);
-    //         self.state.map_rendered = true;
-    //     }
-
-    //     canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLACK);
-    //     canvas.clear();
-    //     if let Some(ref map_texture) = self.state.map_texture {
-    //         canvas.copy(map_texture, None, None).unwrap();
-    //     }
-
-    //     // Render all items
-    //     for item in &self.state.items {
-    //         if let Err(e) = item.render(canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &self.state.map.graph) {
-    //             tracing::error!("Failed to render item: {}", e);
-    //         }
-    //     }
-
-    //     // Render all ghosts
-    //     for ghost in &self.state.ghosts {
-    //         if let Err(e) = ghost.render(canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &self.state.map.graph) {
-    //             tracing::error!("Failed to render ghost: {}", e);
-    //         }
-    //     }
-
-    //     if let Err(e) = self.state.pacman.render(canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &self.state.map.graph) {
-    //         tracing::error!("Failed to render pacman: {}", e);
-    //     }
-
-    //     if self.state.debug_mode {
-    //         if let Err(e) =
-    //             self.state
-    //                 .map
-    //                 .debug_render_with_cursor(canvas, &mut self.state.text_texture, &mut self.state.atlas, cursor_pos)
-    //         {
-    //             tracing::error!("Failed to render debug cursor: {}", e);
-    //         }
-    //         self.render_pathfinding_debug(canvas)?;
-    //     }
-    //     self.draw_hud(canvas)?;
-    //     canvas.present();
-
-    //     Ok(())
-    // }
-
     // /// Renders pathfinding debug lines from each ghost to Pac-Man.
     // ///
     // /// Each ghost's path is drawn in its respective color with a small offset
@@ -617,42 +533,4 @@ impl Game {
 
     //     Ok(())
     // }
-
-    // fn draw_hud<T: sdl2::render::RenderTarget>(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>) -> GameResult<()> {
-    //     let lives = 3;
-    //     let score_text = format!("{:02}", self.state.score);
-    //     let x_offset = 4;
-    //     let y_offset = 2;
-    //     let lives_offset = 3;
-    //     let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
-    //     self.state.text_texture.set_scale(1.0);
-    //     if let Err(e) = self.state.text_texture.render(
-    //         canvas,
-    //         &mut self.state.atlas,
-    //         &format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   "),
-    //         glam::UVec2::new(8 * lives_offset as u32 + x_offset, y_offset),
-    //     ) {
-    //         tracing::error!("Failed to render HUD text: {}", e);
-    //     }
-    //     if let Err(e) = self.state.text_texture.render(
-    //         canvas,
-    //         &mut self.state.atlas,
-    //         &score_text,
-    //         glam::UVec2::new(8 * score_offset as u32 + x_offset, 8 + y_offset),
-    //     ) {
-    //         tracing::error!("Failed to render score text: {}", e);
-    //     }
-
-    //     // Display FPS information in top-left corner
-    //     // let fps_text = format!("FPS: {:.1} (1s) / {:.1} (10s)", self.fps_1s, self.fps_10s);
-    //     // self.render_text_on(
-    //     //     canvas,
-    //     //     &*texture_creator,
-    //     //     &fps_text,
-    //     //     IVec2::new(10, 10),
-    //     //     Color::RGB(255, 255, 0), // Yellow color for FPS display
-    //     // );
-
-    //     Ok(())
-    // }
 }

src/map/builder.rs

@@ -174,6 +174,17 @@ impl Map {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Returns the `MapTile` at a given node id.
+    pub fn tile_at_node(&self, node_id: NodeId) -> Option<MapTile> {
+        // reverse lookup: node -> grid
+        for (grid_pos, id) in &self.grid_to_node {
+            if *id == node_id {
+                return Some(self.tiles[grid_pos.x as usize][grid_pos.y as usize]);
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
     /// Constructs the ghost house area with restricted access and internal navigation.
     ///
     /// Creates a multi-level ghost house with entrance control, internal movement

src/platform/desktop.rs

@@ -24,44 +24,6 @@ impl CommonPlatform for Platform {
     }
 
     fn init_console(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        #[cfg(windows)]
-        {
-            unsafe {
-                use winapi::{
-                    shared::ntdef::NULL,
-                    um::{
-                        fileapi::{CreateFileA, OPEN_EXISTING},
-                        handleapi::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
-                        processenv::SetStdHandle,
-                        winbase::{STD_ERROR_HANDLE, STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE},
-                        wincon::{AttachConsole, GetConsoleWindow},
-                        winnt::{FILE_SHARE_READ, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, GENERIC_READ, GENERIC_WRITE},
-                    },
-                };
-
-                if !std::ptr::eq(GetConsoleWindow(), std::ptr::null_mut()) {
-                    return Ok(());
-                }
-
-                if AttachConsole(winapi::um::wincon::ATTACH_PARENT_PROCESS) != 0 {
-                    let handle = CreateFileA(
-                        c"CONOUT$".as_ptr(),
-                        GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
-                        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
-                        std::ptr::null_mut(),
-                        OPEN_EXISTING,
-                        0,
-                        NULL,
-                    );
-
-                    if handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE {
-                        SetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, handle);
-                        SetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE, handle);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         Ok(())
     }
 

src/systems/audio.rs

@@ -6,10 +6,20 @@
 
 use bevy_ecs::{
     event::{Event, EventReader, EventWriter},
+    resource::Resource,
     system::{NonSendMut, ResMut},
 };
 
-use crate::{audio::Audio, error::GameError, systems::components::AudioState};
+use crate::{audio::Audio, error::GameError};
+
+/// Resource for tracking audio state
+#[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct AudioState {
+    /// Whether audio is currently muted
+    pub muted: bool,
+    /// Current sound index for cycling through eat sounds
+    pub sound_index: usize,
+}
 
 /// Events for triggering audio playback
 #[derive(Event, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]

src/systems/blinking.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,63 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{
     component::Component,
-    system::{Query, Res},
+    entity::Entity,
+    query::{Has, With},
+    system::{Commands, Query, Res},
 };
 
-use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, Renderable};
+use crate::systems::{
+    components::{DeltaTime, Renderable},
+    Frozen, Hidden,
+};
 
-#[derive(Component)]
+#[derive(Component, Debug)]
 pub struct Blinking {
     pub timer: f32,
     pub interval: f32,
 }
 
+impl Blinking {
+    pub fn new(interval: f32) -> Self {
+        Self { timer: 0.0, interval }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Updates blinking entities by toggling their visibility at regular intervals.
 ///
 /// This system manages entities that have both `Blinking` and `Renderable` components,
 /// accumulating time and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
-pub fn blinking_system(time: Res<DeltaTime>, mut query: Query<(&mut Blinking, &mut Renderable)>) {
-    for (mut blinking, mut renderable) in query.iter_mut() {
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn blinking_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    time: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut query: Query<(Entity, &mut Blinking, Has<Hidden>, Has<Frozen>), With<Renderable>>,
+) {
+    for (entity, mut blinking, hidden, frozen) in query.iter_mut() {
+        // If the entity is frozen, blinking is disabled and the entity is unhidden (if it was hidden)
+        if frozen {
+            if hidden {
+                commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Increase the timer by the delta time
         blinking.timer += time.0;
 
-        if blinking.timer >= blinking.interval {
-            blinking.timer = 0.0;
-            renderable.visible = !renderable.visible;
+        // If the timer is less than the interval, there's nothing to do yet
+        if blinking.timer < blinking.interval {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Subtract the interval (allows for the timer to retain partial interval progress)
+        blinking.timer -= blinking.interval;
+
+        // Toggle the Hidden component
+        if hidden {
+            commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
+        } else {
+            commands.entity(entity).insert(Hidden);
         }
     }
 }

src/systems/collision.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,37 @@
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
 use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
-use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
+use bevy_ecs::event::{EventReader, EventWriter};
 use bevy_ecs::query::With;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, Query, Res, ResMut};
 
 use crate::error::GameError;
 use crate::events::GameEvent;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::components::{Collider, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider};
 use crate::systems::movement::Position;
+use crate::systems::{AudioEvent, Ghost, PlayerControlled, ScoreResource, Vulnerable};
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Collider {
+    pub size: f32,
+}
+
+impl Collider {
+    /// Checks if this collider collides with another collider at the given distance.
+    pub fn collides_with(&self, other_size: f32, distance: f32) -> bool {
+        let collision_distance = (self.size + other_size) / 2.0;
+        distance < collision_distance
+    }
+}
+
+/// Marker components for collision filtering optimization
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct PacmanCollider;
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct GhostCollider;
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct ItemCollider;
 
 /// Helper function to check collision between two entities with colliders.
 pub fn check_collision(
@@ -82,3 +106,46 @@ pub fn collision_system(
         }
     }
 }
+
+pub fn ghost_collision_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut collision_events: EventReader<GameEvent>,
+    mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
+    pacman_query: Query<(), With<PlayerControlled>>,
+    ghost_query: Query<(Entity, &Ghost), With<GhostCollider>>,
+    vulnerable_query: Query<Entity, With<Vulnerable>>,
+    mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
+) {
+    for event in collision_events.read() {
+        if let GameEvent::Collision(entity1, entity2) = event {
+            // Check if one is Pacman and the other is a ghost
+            let (_pacman_entity, ghost_entity) = if pacman_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() && ghost_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() {
+                (*entity1, *entity2)
+            } else if pacman_query.get(*entity2).is_ok() && ghost_query.get(*entity1).is_ok() {
+                (*entity2, *entity1)
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            // Check if the ghost is vulnerable
+            if let Ok((ghost_ent, _ghost_type)) = ghost_query.get(ghost_entity) {
+                // Check if ghost has Vulnerable component
+                if vulnerable_query.get(ghost_ent).is_ok() {
+                    // Pac-Man eats the ghost
+                    // Add score (200 points per ghost eaten)
+                    score.0 += 200;
+
+                    // Remove the ghost
+                    commands.entity(ghost_ent).despawn();
+
+                    // Play eat sound
+                    events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
+                } else {
+                    // Pac-Man dies (this would need a death system)
+                    // For now, just log it
+                    tracing::warn!("Pac-Man collided with ghost while not vulnerable!");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/components.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ use bitflags::bitflags;
 
 use crate::{
     map::graph::TraversalFlags,
-    systems::movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
+    systems::{
+        movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
+        Collider, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider,
+    },
     texture::{animated::AnimatedTexture, sprite::AtlasTile},
 };
 
@@ -90,7 +93,6 @@ impl EntityType {
 pub struct Renderable {
     pub sprite: AtlasTile,
     pub layer: u8,
-    pub visible: bool,
 }
 
 /// A component for entities that have a directional animated texture.
@@ -109,28 +111,44 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct Collider {
-    pub size: f32,
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct GlobalState {
+    pub exit: bool,
 }
 
-impl Collider {
-    /// Checks if this collider collides with another collider at the given distance.
-    pub fn collides_with(&self, other_size: f32, distance: f32) -> bool {
-        let collision_distance = (self.size + other_size) / 2.0;
-        distance < collision_distance
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct ScoreResource(pub u32);
+
+#[derive(Resource)]
+pub struct DeltaTime(pub f32);
+
+/// Movement modifiers that can affect Pac-Man's speed or handling.
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct MovementModifiers {
+    /// Multiplier applied to base speed (e.g., tunnels)
+    pub speed_multiplier: f32,
+    /// True when currently in a tunnel slowdown region
+    pub tunnel_slowdown_active: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for MovementModifiers {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            speed_multiplier: 1.0,
+            tunnel_slowdown_active: false,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-/// Marker components for collision filtering optimization
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct PacmanCollider;
+/// Tag component for entities that should be frozen during startup
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Frozen;
 
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct GhostCollider;
-
-#[derive(Component)]
-pub struct ItemCollider;
+/// Component for ghosts that are vulnerable to Pac-Man
+#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Vulnerable {
+    pub remaining_ticks: u32,
+}
 
 #[derive(Bundle)]
 pub struct PlayerBundle {
@@ -142,6 +160,7 @@ pub struct PlayerBundle {
     pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
     pub entity_type: EntityType,
     pub collider: Collider,
+    pub movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers,
     pub pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
 }
 
@@ -165,26 +184,3 @@ pub struct GhostBundle {
     pub collider: Collider,
     pub ghost_collider: GhostCollider,
 }
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct GlobalState {
-    pub exit: bool,
-}
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct ScoreResource(pub u32);
-
-#[derive(Resource)]
-pub struct DeltaTime(pub f32);
-
-#[derive(Resource, Default)]
-pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
-
-/// Resource for tracking audio state
-#[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct AudioState {
-    /// Whether audio is currently muted
-    pub muted: bool,
-    /// Current sound index for cycling through eat sounds
-    pub sound_index: usize,
-}

src/systems/debug.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,9 @@ use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::components::Collider;
-use crate::systems::input::CursorPosition;
-use crate::systems::movement::Position;
-use crate::systems::profiling::SystemTimings;
-use crate::systems::render::BackbufferResource;
-use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+use crate::systems::{Collider, CursorPosition, Position, SystemTimings};
+use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res};
 use glam::{IVec2, UVec2, Vec2};
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::{Point, Rect};
@@ -92,7 +89,6 @@ fn render_timing_display(
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn debug_render_system(
     mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
-    backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
     mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
     debug_font: NonSendMut<DebugFontResource>,
     debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
@@ -107,18 +103,6 @@ pub fn debug_render_system(
     let scale =
         (UVec2::from(canvas.output_size().unwrap()).as_vec2() / UVec2::from(canvas.logical_size()).as_vec2()).min_element();
 
-    // Copy the current backbuffer to the debug texture
-    canvas
-        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
-            // Clear the debug canvas
-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLACK);
-            debug_canvas.clear();
-
-            // Copy the backbuffer to the debug canvas
-            debug_canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
-        })
-        .unwrap();
-
     // Get texture creator before entering the closure to avoid borrowing conflicts
     let mut texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
     let font = &debug_font.0;
@@ -131,8 +115,11 @@ pub fn debug_render_system(
     // Draw debug info on the high-resolution debug texture
     canvas
         .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
-            // Find the closest node to the cursor
+            // Clear the debug canvas
+            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
+            debug_canvas.clear();
 
+            // Find the closest node to the cursor
             let closest_node = if let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos {
                 map.graph
                     .nodes()
@@ -217,8 +204,4 @@ pub fn debug_render_system(
             render_timing_display(debug_canvas, &mut texture_creator, &timings, font);
         })
         .unwrap();
-
-    // Draw the debug texture directly onto the main canvas at full resolution
-    canvas.copy(&debug_texture.0, None, None).unwrap();
-    canvas.present();
 }

src/systems/formatting.rs

@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-use num_width::NumberWidth;
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use strum::EnumCount;
-
-use crate::systems::profiling::SystemId;
-
-// Helper to split a duration into a integer, decimal, and unit
-fn get_value(duration: &Duration) -> (u64, u32, &'static str) {
-    let (int, decimal, unit) = match duration {
-        // if greater than 1 second, return as seconds
-        n if n >= &Duration::from_secs(1) => {
-            let secs = n.as_secs();
-            let decimal = n.as_millis() as u64 % 1000;
-            (secs, decimal as u32, "s")
-        }
-        // if greater than 1 millisecond, return as milliseconds
-        n if n >= &Duration::from_millis(1) => {
-            let ms = n.as_millis() as u64;
-            let decimal = n.as_micros() as u64 % 1000;
-            (ms, decimal as u32, "ms")
-        }
-        // if greater than 1 microsecond, return as microseconds
-        n if n >= &Duration::from_micros(1) => {
-            let us = n.as_micros() as u64;
-            let decimal = n.as_nanos() as u64 % 1000;
-            (us, decimal as u32, "µs")
-        }
-        // otherwise, return as nanoseconds
-        n => {
-            let ns = n.as_nanos() as u64;
-            (ns, 0, "ns")
-        }
-    };
-
-    (int, decimal, unit)
-}
-
-/// Formats timing data into a vector of strings with proper alignment
-pub fn format_timing_display(
-    timing_data: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, Duration, Duration)>,
-) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
-    let mut iter = timing_data.into_iter().peekable();
-    if iter.peek().is_none() {
-        return SmallVec::new();
-    }
-
-    struct Entry {
-        name: String,
-        avg_int: u64,
-        avg_decimal: u32,
-        avg_unit: &'static str,
-        std_int: u64,
-        std_decimal: u32,
-        std_unit: &'static str,
-    }
-
-    let entries = iter
-        .map(|(name, avg, std_dev)| {
-            let (avg_int, avg_decimal, avg_unit) = get_value(&avg);
-            let (std_int, std_decimal, std_unit) = get_value(&std_dev);
-
-            Entry {
-                name: name.clone(),
-                avg_int,
-                avg_decimal,
-                avg_unit,
-                std_int,
-                std_decimal,
-                std_unit,
-            }
-        })
-        .collect::<SmallVec<[Entry; 12]>>();
-
-    let (max_name_width, max_avg_int_width, max_avg_decimal_width, max_std_int_width, max_std_decimal_width) = entries
-        .iter()
-        .fold((0, 0, 3, 0, 3), |(name_w, avg_int_w, avg_dec_w, std_int_w, std_dec_w), e| {
-            (
-                name_w.max(e.name.len()),
-                avg_int_w.max(e.avg_int.width() as usize),
-                avg_dec_w.max(e.avg_decimal.width() as usize),
-                std_int_w.max(e.std_int.width() as usize),
-                std_dec_w.max(e.std_decimal.width() as usize),
-            )
-        });
-
-    entries.iter().map(|e| {
-            format!(
-                "{name:max_name_width$} : {avg_int:max_avg_int_width$}.{avg_decimal:<max_avg_decimal_width$}{avg_unit} ± {std_int:max_std_int_width$}.{std_decimal:<max_std_decimal_width$}{std_unit}",
-                // Content
-                name = e.name,
-                avg_int = e.avg_int,
-                avg_decimal = e.avg_decimal,
-                std_int = e.std_int,
-                std_decimal = e.std_decimal,
-                // Units
-                avg_unit = e.avg_unit,
-                std_unit = e.std_unit,
-                // Padding
-                max_name_width = max_name_width,
-                max_avg_int_width = max_avg_int_width,
-                max_avg_decimal_width = max_avg_decimal_width,
-                max_std_int_width = max_std_int_width,
-                max_std_decimal_width = max_std_decimal_width
-            )
-        }).collect::<SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]>>()
-}

src/systems/ghost.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
-use rand::prelude::*;
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
-
+use crate::systems::components::Frozen;
 use crate::{
     map::{
         builder::Map,
@@ -13,12 +10,18 @@ use crate::{
         movement::{Position, Velocity},
     },
 };
+use bevy_ecs::query::Without;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Query, Res};
+use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
+use rand::seq::IndexedRandom;
+use rand::SeedableRng;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 /// Autonomous ghost AI system implementing randomized movement with backtracking avoidance.
 pub fn ghost_movement_system(
     map: Res<Map>,
     delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut ghosts: Query<(&Ghost, &mut Velocity, &mut Position)>,
+    mut ghosts: Query<(&Ghost, &mut Velocity, &mut Position), Without<Frozen>>,
 ) {
     for (_ghost, mut velocity, mut position) in ghosts.iter_mut() {
         let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;

src/systems/item.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{event::EventReader, prelude::*, query::With, system::Query};
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    entity::Entity,
+    event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
+    query::With,
+    system::{Commands, Query, ResMut},
+};
 
 use crate::{
     events::GameEvent,
-    systems::{
-        audio::AudioEvent,
-        components::{EntityType, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, ScoreResource},
-    },
+    systems::{AudioEvent, EntityType, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, ScoreResource, Vulnerable},
 };
 
 /// Determines if a collision between two entity types should be handled by the item system.
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ pub fn item_system(
     mut score: ResMut<ScoreResource>,
     pacman_query: Query<Entity, With<PacmanCollider>>,
     item_query: Query<(Entity, &EntityType), With<ItemCollider>>,
+    ghost_query: Query<Entity, With<GhostCollider>>,
     mut events: EventWriter<AudioEvent>,
 ) {
     for event in collision_events.read() {
@@ -50,6 +53,19 @@ pub fn item_system(
                     if entity_type.is_collectible() {
                         events.write(AudioEvent::PlayEat);
                     }
+
+                    // Make ghosts vulnerable when power pellet is collected
+                    if *entity_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
+                        // Convert seconds to frames (assumes 60 FPS)
+                        let total_ticks = 60 * 5;
+
+                        // Add Vulnerable component to all ghosts
+                        for ghost_entity in ghost_query.iter() {
+                            commands.entity(ghost_entity).insert(Vulnerable {
+                                remaining_ticks: total_ticks,
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }

src/systems/mod.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ pub mod blinking;
 pub mod collision;
 pub mod components;
 pub mod debug;
-pub mod formatting;
 pub mod ghost;
 pub mod input;
 pub mod item;
@@ -16,3 +15,20 @@ pub mod movement;
 pub mod player;
 pub mod profiling;
 pub mod render;
+pub mod stage;
+pub mod vulnerable;
+
+pub use self::audio::*;
+pub use self::blinking::*;
+pub use self::collision::*;
+pub use self::components::*;
+pub use self::debug::*;
+pub use self::ghost::*;
+pub use self::input::*;
+pub use self::item::*;
+pub use self::movement::*;
+pub use self::player::*;
+pub use self::profiling::*;
+pub use self::render::*;
+pub use self::stage::*;
+pub use self::vulnerable::*;

src/systems/player.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{
     event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
-    prelude::ResMut,
-    query::With,
-    system::{Query, Res},
+    query::{With, Without},
+    system::{Query, Res, ResMut},
 };
 
 use crate::{
     error::GameError,
     events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
-    map::builder::Map,
-    map::graph::Edge,
+    map::{builder::Map, graph::Edge},
     systems::{
-        components::{AudioState, DeltaTime, EntityType, GlobalState, PlayerControlled},
+        components::{DeltaTime, EntityType, Frozen, GlobalState, MovementModifiers, PlayerControlled},
         debug::DebugState,
         movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
+        AudioState,
     },
 };
 
+pub fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
+    let entity_flags = entity_type.traversal_flags();
+    edge.traversal_flags.contains(entity_flags)
+}
+
 /// Processes player input commands and updates game state accordingly.
 ///
 /// Handles keyboard-driven commands like movement direction changes, debug mode
@@ -28,26 +32,26 @@ pub fn player_control_system(
     mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>,
     mut debug_state: ResMut<DebugState>,
     mut audio_state: ResMut<AudioState>,
-    mut players: Query<&mut BufferedDirection, With<PlayerControlled>>,
+    mut players: Query<&mut BufferedDirection, (With<PlayerControlled>, Without<Frozen>)>,
     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
-    // Get the player's movable component (ensuring there is only one player)
-    let mut buffered_direction = match players.single_mut() {
-        Ok(buffered_direction) => buffered_direction,
-        Err(e) => {
-            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
-                "No/multiple entities queried for player system: {}",
-                e
-            )));
-            return;
-        }
-    };
-
     // Handle events
     for event in events.read() {
         if let GameEvent::Command(command) = event {
             match command {
                 GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
+                    // Get the player's movable component (ensuring there is only one player)
+                    let mut buffered_direction = match players.single_mut() {
+                        Ok(tuple) => tuple,
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
+                                "No/multiple entities queried for player system: {}",
+                                e
+                            )));
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    };
+
                     *buffered_direction = BufferedDirection::Some {
                         direction: *direction,
                         remaining_time: 0.25,
@@ -69,23 +73,21 @@ pub fn player_control_system(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
-    let entity_flags = entity_type.traversal_flags();
-    edge.traversal_flags.contains(entity_flags)
-}
-
 /// Executes frame-by-frame movement for Pac-Man.
 ///
 /// Handles movement logic including buffered direction changes, edge traversal validation, and continuous movement between nodes.
 /// When stopped, prioritizes buffered directions for responsive controls, falling back to current direction.
 /// Supports movement chaining within a single frame when traveling at high speeds.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn player_movement_system(
     map: Res<Map>,
     delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
-    mut entities: Query<(&mut Position, &mut Velocity, &mut BufferedDirection), With<PlayerControlled>>,
-    // mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+    mut entities: Query<
+        (&MovementModifiers, &mut Position, &mut Velocity, &mut BufferedDirection),
+        (With<PlayerControlled>, Without<Frozen>),
+    >,
 ) {
-    for (mut position, mut velocity, mut buffered_direction) in entities.iter_mut() {
+    for (modifiers, mut position, mut velocity, mut buffered_direction) in entities.iter_mut() {
         // Decrement the buffered direction remaining time
         if let BufferedDirection::Some {
             direction,
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
             }
         }
 
-        let mut distance = velocity.speed * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
+        let mut distance = velocity.speed * modifiers.speed_multiplier * 60.0 * delta_time.0;
 
         loop {
             match *position {
@@ -151,3 +153,16 @@ pub fn player_movement_system(
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Applies tunnel slowdown based on the current node tile
+pub fn player_tunnel_slowdown_system(map: Res<Map>, mut q: Query<(&Position, &mut MovementModifiers), With<PlayerControlled>>) {
+    if let Ok((position, mut modifiers)) = q.single_mut() {
+        let node = position.current_node();
+        let in_tunnel = map
+            .tile_at_node(node)
+            .map(|t| t == crate::constants::MapTile::Tunnel)
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        modifiers.tunnel_slowdown_active = in_tunnel;
+        modifiers.speed_multiplier = if in_tunnel { 0.6 } else { 1.0 };
+    }
+}

src/systems/profiling.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-use bevy_ecs::prelude::Resource;
-use bevy_ecs::system::{IntoSystem, System};
+use bevy_ecs::system::IntoSystem;
+use bevy_ecs::{resource::Resource, system::System};
 use circular_buffer::CircularBuffer;
 use micromap::Map;
+use num_width::NumberWidth;
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::fmt::Display;
@@ -10,8 +11,6 @@ use strum::EnumCount;
 use strum_macros::{EnumCount, IntoStaticStr};
 use thousands::Separable;
 
-use crate::systems::formatting;
-
 /// The maximum number of systems that can be profiled. Must not be exceeded, or it will panic.
 const MAX_SYSTEMS: usize = SystemId::COUNT;
 /// The number of durations to keep in the circular buffer.
@@ -27,12 +26,15 @@ pub enum SystemId {
     Blinking,
     DirectionalRender,
     DirtyRender,
+    HudRender,
     Render,
     DebugRender,
     Present,
     Collision,
     Item,
     PlayerMovement,
+    GhostCollision,
+    Stage,
 }
 
 impl Display for SystemId {
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ impl SystemTimings {
         }
 
         // Use the formatting module to format the data
-        formatting::format_timing_display(timing_data)
+        format_timing_display(timing_data)
     }
 }
 
@@ -181,3 +183,104 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+// Helper to split a duration into a integer, decimal, and unit
+fn get_value(duration: &Duration) -> (u64, u32, &'static str) {
+    let (int, decimal, unit) = match duration {
+        // if greater than 1 second, return as seconds
+        n if n >= &Duration::from_secs(1) => {
+            let secs = n.as_secs();
+            let decimal = n.as_millis() as u64 % 1000;
+            (secs, decimal as u32, "s")
+        }
+        // if greater than 1 millisecond, return as milliseconds
+        n if n >= &Duration::from_millis(1) => {
+            let ms = n.as_millis() as u64;
+            let decimal = n.as_micros() as u64 % 1000;
+            (ms, decimal as u32, "ms")
+        }
+        // if greater than 1 microsecond, return as microseconds
+        n if n >= &Duration::from_micros(1) => {
+            let us = n.as_micros() as u64;
+            let decimal = n.as_nanos() as u64 % 1000;
+            (us, decimal as u32, "µs")
+        }
+        // otherwise, return as nanoseconds
+        n => {
+            let ns = n.as_nanos() as u64;
+            (ns, 0, "ns")
+        }
+    };
+
+    (int, decimal, unit)
+}
+
+/// Formats timing data into a vector of strings with proper alignment
+pub fn format_timing_display(
+    timing_data: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, Duration, Duration)>,
+) -> SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]> {
+    let mut iter = timing_data.into_iter().peekable();
+    if iter.peek().is_none() {
+        return SmallVec::new();
+    }
+
+    struct Entry {
+        name: String,
+        avg_int: u64,
+        avg_decimal: u32,
+        avg_unit: &'static str,
+        std_int: u64,
+        std_decimal: u32,
+        std_unit: &'static str,
+    }
+
+    let entries = iter
+        .map(|(name, avg, std_dev)| {
+            let (avg_int, avg_decimal, avg_unit) = get_value(&avg);
+            let (std_int, std_decimal, std_unit) = get_value(&std_dev);
+
+            Entry {
+                name: name.clone(),
+                avg_int,
+                avg_decimal,
+                avg_unit,
+                std_int,
+                std_decimal,
+                std_unit,
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<SmallVec<[Entry; 12]>>();
+
+    let (max_name_width, max_avg_int_width, max_avg_decimal_width, max_std_int_width, max_std_decimal_width) = entries
+        .iter()
+        .fold((0, 0, 3, 0, 3), |(name_w, avg_int_w, avg_dec_w, std_int_w, std_dec_w), e| {
+            (
+                name_w.max(e.name.len()),
+                avg_int_w.max(e.avg_int.width() as usize),
+                avg_dec_w.max(e.avg_decimal.width() as usize),
+                std_int_w.max(e.std_int.width() as usize),
+                std_dec_w.max(e.std_decimal.width() as usize),
+            )
+        });
+
+    entries.iter().map(|e| {
+            format!(
+                "{name:max_name_width$} : {avg_int:max_avg_int_width$}.{avg_decimal:<max_avg_decimal_width$}{avg_unit} ± {std_int:max_std_int_width$}.{std_decimal:<max_std_decimal_width$}{std_unit}",
+                // Content
+                name = e.name,
+                avg_int = e.avg_int,
+                avg_decimal = e.avg_decimal,
+                std_int = e.std_int,
+                std_decimal = e.std_decimal,
+                // Units
+                avg_unit = e.avg_unit,
+                std_unit = e.std_unit,
+                // Padding
+                max_name_width = max_name_width,
+                max_avg_int_width = max_avg_int_width,
+                max_avg_decimal_width = max_avg_decimal_width,
+                max_std_int_width = max_std_int_width,
+                max_std_decimal_width = max_std_decimal_width
+            )
+        }).collect::<SmallVec<[String; SystemId::COUNT]>>()
+}

src/systems/render.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,38 @@
+use crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
 use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, RenderDirty, Renderable};
-use crate::systems::movement::{Position, Velocity};
+use crate::systems::{
+    DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, Position, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence,
+    Velocity,
+};
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
+use crate::texture::text::TextTexture;
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
 use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
-use bevy_ecs::prelude::{Changed, Or, RemovedComponents};
+use bevy_ecs::query::{Changed, Or, Without};
+use bevy_ecs::removal_detection::RemovedComponents;
+use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
 use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res, ResMut};
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::{Point, Rect};
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
+use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas, Texture};
 use sdl2::video::Window;
 
+#[derive(Resource, Default)]
+pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
+
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Hidden;
+
 #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn dirty_render_system(
     mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
-    changed_renderables: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>)>>,
+    changed: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>)>>,
+    removed_hidden: RemovedComponents<Hidden>,
     removed_renderables: RemovedComponents<Renderable>,
 ) {
-    if !changed_renderables.is_empty() || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
+    if !changed.is_empty() || !removed_hidden.is_empty() || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
         dirty.0 = true;
     }
 }
@@ -61,6 +76,63 @@ pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
 /// A non-send resource for the backbuffer texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
 pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture<'static>);
 
+/// Renders the HUD (score, lives, etc.) on top of the game.
+pub fn hud_render_system(
+    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
+    score: Res<ScoreResource>,
+    startup: Res<StartupSequence>,
+    mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
+) {
+    let _ = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |canvas| {
+        let mut text_renderer = TextTexture::new(1.0);
+
+        // Render lives and high score text in white
+        let lives = 3; // TODO: Get from actual lives resource
+        let lives_text = format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   ");
+        let lives_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * 3, 2); // x_offset + lives_offset * 8, y_offset
+
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &lives_text, lives_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render lives text: {}", e)).into());
+        }
+
+        // Render score text in yellow (Pac-Man's color)
+        let score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
+        let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
+        let score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
+
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &score_text, score_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render score text: {}", e)).into());
+        }
+
+        // Render text based on StartupSequence stage
+        if matches!(
+            *startup,
+            StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. } | StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }
+        ) {
+            let ready_text = "READY!";
+            let ready_width = text_renderer.text_width(ready_text);
+            let ready_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - ready_width) / 2, 160);
+            if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, ready_text, ready_position, Color::YELLOW) {
+                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render READY text: {}", e)).into());
+            }
+
+            if matches!(*startup, StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }) {
+                let player_one_text = "PLAYER ONE";
+                let player_one_width = text_renderer.text_width(player_one_text);
+                let player_one_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - player_one_width) / 2, 113);
+
+                if let Err(e) =
+                    text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, player_one_text, player_one_position, Color::CYAN)
+                {
+                    errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render PLAYER ONE text: {}", e)).into());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn render_system(
     mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
@@ -69,7 +141,7 @@ pub fn render_system(
     mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
     map: Res<Map>,
     dirty: Res<RenderDirty>,
-    renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position)>,
+    renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), Without<Hidden>>,
     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
     if !dirty.0 {
@@ -93,10 +165,6 @@ pub fn render_system(
                 .sort_by_key::<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), _>(|(_, renderable, _)| renderable.layer)
                 .rev()
             {
-                if !renderable.visible {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
                 let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph);
                 match pos {
                     Ok(pos) => {
@@ -123,3 +191,25 @@ pub fn render_system(
 
     canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
 }
+
+pub fn present_system(
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
+    backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
+    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+) {
+    if dirty.0 {
+        // Copy the backbuffer to the main canvas
+        canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+
+        // Copy the debug texture to the canvas
+        if debug_state.enabled {
+            canvas.set_blend_mode(BlendMode::Blend);
+            canvas.copy(&debug_texture.0, None, None).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        canvas.present();
+        dirty.0 = false;
+    }
+}

src/systems/stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{
+    entity::Entity,
+    query::With,
+    resource::Resource,
+    system::{Commands, Query, ResMut},
+};
+use tracing::debug;
+
+use crate::systems::{Blinking, Frozen, GhostCollider, Hidden, PlayerControlled};
+
+#[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum StartupSequence {
+    /// Stage 1: Text-only stage
+    /// - Player & ghosts are hidden
+    /// - READY! and PLAYER ONE text are shown
+    /// - Energizers do not blink
+    TextOnly {
+        /// Remaining ticks in this stage
+        remaining_ticks: u32,
+    },
+    /// Stage 2: Characters visible stage
+    /// - PLAYER ONE text is hidden, READY! text remains
+    /// - Ghosts and Pac-Man are now shown
+    CharactersVisible {
+        /// Remaining ticks in this stage
+        remaining_ticks: u32,
+    },
+    /// Stage 3: Game begins
+    /// - Final state, game is fully active
+    GameActive,
+}
+
+impl StartupSequence {
+    /// Creates a new StartupSequence with the specified duration in ticks
+    pub fn new(text_only_ticks: u32, _characters_visible_ticks: u32) -> Self {
+        Self::TextOnly {
+            remaining_ticks: text_only_ticks,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ticks the timer by one frame, returning transition information if state changes
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) -> Option<(StartupSequence, StartupSequence)> {
+        match self {
+            StartupSequence::TextOnly { remaining_ticks } => {
+                if *remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                    *remaining_ticks -= 1;
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    let from = *self;
+                    *self = StartupSequence::CharactersVisible {
+                        remaining_ticks: 60, // 1 second at 60 FPS
+                    };
+                    Some((from, *self))
+                }
+            }
+            StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { remaining_ticks } => {
+                if *remaining_ticks > 0 {
+                    *remaining_ticks -= 1;
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    let from = *self;
+                    *self = StartupSequence::GameActive;
+                    Some((from, *self))
+                }
+            }
+            StartupSequence::GameActive => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Handles startup sequence transitions and component management
+pub fn startup_stage_system(
+    mut startup: ResMut<StartupSequence>,
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut blinking_query: Query<Entity, With<Blinking>>,
+    mut player_query: Query<Entity, With<PlayerControlled>>,
+    mut ghost_query: Query<Entity, With<GhostCollider>>,
+) {
+    if let Some((from, to)) = startup.tick() {
+        debug!("StartupSequence transition from {from:?} to {to:?}");
+        match (from, to) {
+            // (StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }, StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }) => {}
+            (StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }, StartupSequence::GameActive) => {
+                // Unfreeze and unhide the player & ghosts
+                for entity in player_query.iter_mut().chain(ghost_query.iter_mut()) {
+                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<(Frozen, Hidden)>();
+                }
+
+                // Unfreeze pellet blinking
+                for entity in blinking_query.iter_mut() {
+                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<Frozen>();
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}

src/systems/vulnerable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use bevy_ecs::query::With;
+use bevy_ecs::system::{Commands, Query};
+
+use crate::systems::{GhostCollider, Vulnerable};
+
+/// System that decrements the remaining_ticks on Vulnerable components and removes them when they reach zero
+pub fn vulnerable_tick_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    mut vulnerable_query: Query<(bevy_ecs::entity::Entity, &mut Vulnerable), With<GhostCollider>>,
+) {
+    for (entity, mut vulnerable) in vulnerable_query.iter_mut() {
+        if vulnerable.remaining_ticks > 0 {
+            vulnerable.remaining_ticks -= 1;
+        }
+
+        if vulnerable.remaining_ticks == 0 {
+            commands.entity(entity).remove::<Vulnerable>();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/texture/text.rs

@@ -10,10 +10,20 @@
 //!
 //! ```rust
 //! use pacman::texture::text::TextTexture;
+//! use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 //!
 //! // Create a text texture with 1.0 scale (8x8 pixels per character)
 //! let mut text_renderer = TextTexture::new(1.0);
 //!
+//! // Set default color for all text
+//! text_renderer.set_color(Color::WHITE);
+//!
+//! // Render text with default color
+//! text_renderer.render(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, "Hello", position)?;
+//!
+//! // Render text with specific color
+//! text_renderer.render_with_color(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, "World", position, Color::YELLOW)?;
+//!
 //! // Set scale for larger text
 //! text_renderer.set_scale(2.0);
 //!
@@ -46,6 +56,7 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use glam::UVec2;
 
+use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -79,6 +90,7 @@ fn char_to_tile_name(c: char) -> Option<String> {
 pub struct TextTexture {
     char_map: HashMap<char, AtlasTile>,
     scale: f32,
+    default_color: Option<Color>,
 }
 
 impl Default for TextTexture {
@@ -86,6 +98,7 @@ impl Default for TextTexture {
         Self {
             scale: 1.0,
             char_map: Default::default(),
+            default_color: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -119,13 +132,26 @@ impl TextTexture {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Renders a string of text at the given position.
+    /// Renders a string of text at the given position using the default color.
     pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(
         &mut self,
         canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
         atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
         text: &str,
         position: UVec2,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let color = self.default_color.unwrap_or(Color::WHITE);
+        self.render_with_color(canvas, atlas, text, position, color)
+    }
+
+    /// Renders a string of text at the given position with a specific color.
+    pub fn render_with_color<C: RenderTarget>(
+        &mut self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
+        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
+        text: &str,
+        position: UVec2,
+        color: Color,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut x_offset = 0;
         let char_width = (8.0 * self.scale) as u32;
@@ -134,9 +160,9 @@ impl TextTexture {
         for c in text.chars() {
             // Get the tile from the char_map, or insert it if it doesn't exist
             if let Some(tile) = self.get_tile(c, atlas)? {
-                // Render the tile if it exists
+                // Render the tile with the specified color
                 let dest = sdl2::rect::Rect::new((position.x + x_offset) as i32, position.y as i32, char_width, char_height);
-                tile.render(canvas, atlas, dest)?;
+                tile.render_with_color(canvas, atlas, dest, color)?;
             }
 
             // Always advance x_offset for all characters (including spaces)
@@ -146,6 +172,16 @@ impl TextTexture {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Sets the default color for text rendering.
+    pub fn set_color(&mut self, color: Color) {
+        self.default_color = Some(color);
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the current default color.
+    pub fn color(&self) -> Option<Color> {
+        self.default_color
+    }
+
     /// Sets the scale for text rendering.
     pub fn set_scale(&mut self, scale: f32) {
         self.scale = scale;

tests/collision.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{event::Events, prelude::*, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
 
 use pacman::{
     error::GameError,
     events::GameEvent,
     map::builder::Map,
     systems::{
-        collision::{check_collision, collision_system},
-        components::{Collider, EntityType, Ghost, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider},
-        movement::Position,
+        check_collision, collision_system, Collider, EntityType, Ghost, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, Position,
     },
 };
 

tests/formatting.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use pacman::systems::formatting::format_timing_display;
+use pacman::systems::profiling::format_timing_display;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;

tests/hud.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use bevy_ecs::{event::Events, world::World};
+
+use pacman::{error::GameError, systems::components::ScoreResource};
+
+fn create_test_world() -> World {
+    let mut world = World::new();
+
+    // Add required resources
+    world.insert_resource(Events::<GameError>::default());
+    world.insert_resource(ScoreResource(1230)); // Test score
+
+    world
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_hud_render_system_runs_without_error() {
+    let world = create_test_world();
+
+    // The HUD render system requires SDL2 resources that aren't available in tests,
+    // but we can at least verify it doesn't panic when called
+    // In a real test environment, we'd need to mock the SDL2 canvas and atlas
+
+    // For now, just verify the score resource is accessible
+    let score = world.resource::<ScoreResource>();
+    assert_eq!(score.0, 1230);
+}

tests/item.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{event::Events, prelude::*, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
 
 use pacman::{
     events::GameEvent,
     map::builder::Map,
     systems::{
-        audio::AudioEvent,
-        components::{AudioState, EntityType, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, ScoreResource},
-        item::{is_valid_item_collision, item_system},
-        movement::Position,
+        is_valid_item_collision, item_system, AudioEvent, AudioState, EntityType, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, Position,
+        ScoreResource,
     },
 };
 

tests/player.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use bevy_ecs::{event::Events, prelude::*, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
+use bevy_ecs::{entity::Entity, event::Events, system::RunSystemOnce, world::World};
 
 use pacman::{
     events::{GameCommand, GameEvent},
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@ use pacman::{
         graph::{Edge, TraversalFlags},
     },
     systems::{
-        components::{AudioState, DeltaTime, EntityType, GlobalState, PlayerControlled},
-        debug::DebugState,
-        movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
-        player::{can_traverse, player_control_system, player_movement_system},
+        can_traverse, player_control_system, player_movement_system, AudioState, BufferedDirection, DebugState, DeltaTime,
+        EntityType, GlobalState, MovementModifiers, PlayerControlled, Position, Velocity,
     },
 };
 
@@ -51,6 +49,7 @@ fn spawn_test_player(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
             },
             BufferedDirection::None,
             EntityType::Player,
+            MovementModifiers::default(),
         ))
         .id()
 }
@@ -222,7 +221,7 @@ fn test_player_control_system_toggle_debug() {
 
     // Check that debug state changed
     let debug_state = world.resource::<DebugState>();
-    assert_eq!(debug_state.enabled, true);
+    assert!(debug_state.enabled);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -565,7 +564,7 @@ fn test_player_state_persistence_across_systems() {
     let position = *query.single(&world).expect("Player should exist");
 
     // Check that the state changes persisted individually
-    assert_eq!(debug_state_after_toggle.enabled, true, "Debug state should have toggled");
+    assert!(debug_state_after_toggle.enabled, "Debug state should have toggled");
     assert!(audio_muted_after_toggle, "Audio should be muted");
 
     // Player position depends on actual map connectivity

tests/text.rs

@@ -107,3 +107,23 @@ fn test_text_scale() -> Result<(), String> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_text_color() -> Result<(), String> {
+    let mut text_texture = TextTexture::new(1.0);
+
+    // Test default color (should be None initially)
+    assert_eq!(text_texture.color(), None);
+
+    // Test setting color
+    let test_color = sdl2::pixels::Color::YELLOW;
+    text_texture.set_color(test_color);
+    assert_eq!(text_texture.color(), Some(test_color));
+
+    // Test changing color
+    let new_color = sdl2::pixels::Color::RED;
+    text_texture.set_color(new_color);
+    assert_eq!(text_texture.color(), Some(new_color));
+
+    Ok(())
+}