fix: rewrite oauth provider linking system, add email_verified attribute for providers

Cargo.toml

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ publish = false
 [profile.dev]
 incremental = true
 
+# Improve build times by optimizing sqlx-macros
+[profile.dev.package.sqlx-macros]
+opt-level = 3
+
 # Release profile for profiling (essentially the default 'release' profile with debug enabled)
 [profile.profile]
 inherits = "release"

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+fn main() {
+    // trigger recompilation when a new migration is added
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=migrations");
+}

pacman-server/src/auth/discord.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pub struct DiscordUser {
     pub username: String,
     pub global_name: Option<String>,
     pub email: Option<String>,
+    pub verified: Option<bool>,
     pub avatar: Option<String>,
 }
 
@@ -109,11 +110,17 @@ impl OAuthProvider for DiscordProvider {
             _ => None,
         };
 
+        let (email, email_verified) = match (&user.email, user.verified) {
+            (Some(e), Some(true)) => (Some(e.clone()), true),
+            _ => (None, false),
+        };
+
         Ok(AuthUser {
             id: user.id,
             username: user.username,
             name: user.global_name,
-            email: user.email,
+            email,
+            email_verified,
             avatar_url,
         })
     }

pacman-server/src/auth/github.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,28 @@ pub async fn fetch_github_user(
     Ok(user)
 }
 
+/// Fetch user emails from GitHub API
+pub async fn fetch_github_emails(
+    http_client: &reqwest::Client,
+    access_token: &str,
+) -> Result<Vec<GitHubEmail>, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let response = http_client
+        .get("https://api.github.com/user/emails")
+        .header("Authorization", format!("Bearer {}", access_token))
+        .header("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
+        .header("User-Agent", crate::config::USER_AGENT)
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    if !response.status().is_success() {
+        warn!(status = %response.status(), endpoint = "/user/emails", "GitHub API returned an error");
+        return Err(format!("GitHub API error: {}", response.status()).into());
+    }
+
+    let emails: Vec<GitHubEmail> = response.json().await?;
+    Ok(emails)
+}
+
 pub struct GitHubProvider {
     pub client: super::OAuthClient,
     pub http: reqwest::Client,
@@ -112,11 +134,24 @@ impl OAuthProvider for GitHubProvider {
             ErrorResponse::bad_gateway("github_api_error", Some(format!("failed to fetch user: {}", e)))
         })?;
 
+        let emails = fetch_github_emails(&self.http, access_token).await.map_err(|e| {
+            warn!(error = %e, "Failed to fetch GitHub user emails");
+            ErrorResponse::bad_gateway("github_api_error", Some(format!("failed to fetch emails: {}", e)))
+        })?;
+
+        let primary_email = emails.into_iter().find(|e| e.primary && e.verified);
+
+        let (email, email_verified) = match primary_email {
+            Some(e) => (Some(e.email), true),
+            None => (user.email, false),
+        };
+
         Ok(AuthUser {
             id: user.id.to_string(),
             username: user.login,
             name: user.name,
-            email: user.email,
+            email,
+            email_verified,
             avatar_url: Some(user.avatar_url),
         })
     }

pacman-server/src/auth/provider.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ pub struct AuthUser {
     pub name: Option<String>,
     // An email address for the user. Not always available.
     pub email: Option<String>,
+    // Whether the email address has been verified by the provider.
+    pub email_verified: bool,
     // An avatar URL for the user. Not always available.
     pub avatar_url: Option<String>,
 }

pacman-server/src/data/user.rs

@@ -66,54 +66,18 @@ pub async fn link_oauth_account(
     .await
 }
 
-pub async fn create_user(
-    pool: &sqlx::PgPool,
-    provider_username: &str,
-    provider_display_name: Option<&str>,
-    provider_email: Option<&str>,
-    provider_avatar_url: Option<&str>,
-    provider: &str,
-    provider_user_id: &str,
-) -> Result<User, sqlx::Error> {
-    let user = sqlx::query_as::<_, User>(
+pub async fn create_user(pool: &sqlx::PgPool, email: Option<&str>) -> Result<User, sqlx::Error> {
+    sqlx::query_as::<_, User>(
         r#"
         INSERT INTO users (email)
         VALUES ($1)
+        ON CONFLICT (email) DO UPDATE SET email = EXCLUDED.email
         RETURNING id, email, created_at, updated_at
         "#,
     )
-    .bind(provider_email)
+    .bind(email)
     .fetch_one(pool)
-    .await?;
-
-    // Create oauth link
-    let _linked = link_oauth_account(
-        pool,
-        user.id,
-        provider,
-        provider_user_id,
-        provider_email,
-        Some(provider_username),
-        provider_display_name,
-        provider_avatar_url,
-    )
-    .await?;
-
-    Ok(user)
-}
-
-pub async fn get_oauth_account_count_for_user(pool: &sqlx::PgPool, user_id: i64) -> Result<i64, sqlx::Error> {
-    let rec: (i64,) = sqlx::query_as(
-        r#"
-        SELECT COUNT(*)::BIGINT AS count
-        FROM oauth_accounts
-        WHERE user_id = $1
-        "#,
-    )
-    .bind(user_id)
-    .fetch_one(pool)
-    .await?;
-    Ok(rec.0)
+    .await
 }
 
 pub async fn find_user_by_provider_id(

pacman-server/src/routes.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ use axum::{
     response::{IntoResponse, Redirect},
 };
 use axum_cookie::CookieManager;
-use jsonwebtoken::{encode, Algorithm, Header};
 use serde::Serialize;
-use tracing::{debug, debug_span, info, instrument, trace, warn};
+use tracing::{debug, debug_span, info, instrument, trace, warn, Instrument};
 
 use crate::data::user as user_repo;
 use crate::{app::AppState, errors::ErrorResponse, session};
@@ -19,11 +18,6 @@ pub struct OAuthCallbackParams {
     pub error_description: Option<String>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct AuthorizeQuery {
-    pub link: Option<bool>,
-}
-
 /// Handles the beginning of the OAuth authorization flow.
 ///
 /// Requires the `provider` path parameter, which determines the OAuth provider to use.
@@ -31,79 +25,20 @@ pub struct AuthorizeQuery {
 pub async fn oauth_authorize_handler(
     State(app_state): State<AppState>,
     Path(provider): Path<String>,
-    Query(aq): Query<AuthorizeQuery>,
     cookie: CookieManager,
 ) -> axum::response::Response {
     let Some(prov) = app_state.auth.get(&provider) else {
         warn!(%provider, "Unknown OAuth provider");
         return ErrorResponse::bad_request("invalid_provider", Some(provider)).into_response();
     };
-
-    let is_linking = aq.link == Some(true);
-
-    // Persist link intent using a short-lived cookie; callbacks won't carry our query params.
-    if is_linking {
-        cookie.add(
-            axum_cookie::cookie::Cookie::builder("link", "1")
-                .http_only(true)
-                .same_site(axum_cookie::prelude::SameSite::Lax)
-                .path("/")
-                // TODO: Pick a reasonable max age that aligns with how long OAuth providers can successfully complete the flow.
-                .max_age(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60 * 60))
-                .build(),
-        );
-    }
-    trace!(linking = %is_linking, "Starting OAuth authorization");
-
-    // Try to acquire the existing session (PKCE session is ignored)
-    let existing_session = match session::get_session_token(&cookie) {
-        Some(token) => match session::decode_jwt(&token, &app_state.jwt_decoding_key) {
-            Some(claims) if !session::is_pkce_session(&claims) => Some(claims),
-            Some(_) => {
-                debug!("existing session ignored; it is a PKCE session");
-                None
-            }
-            None => {
-                debug!("invalid session token");
-                return ErrorResponse::unauthorized("invalid session token").into_response();
-            }
-        },
-        None => {
-            debug!("missing session cookie");
-            return ErrorResponse::unauthorized("missing session cookie").into_response();
-        }
-    };
-
-    // If linking is enabled, error if the session doesn't exist or is a PKCE session
-    if is_linking && existing_session.is_none() {
-        warn!("missing session cookie during linking flow, refusing");
-        return ErrorResponse::unauthorized("missing session cookie").into_response();
-    }
+    trace!("Starting OAuth authorization");
 
     let auth_info = match prov.authorize(&app_state.jwt_encoding_key).await {
         Ok(info) => info,
         Err(e) => return e.into_response(),
     };
 
-    let final_token = if let Some(mut claims) = existing_session {
-        // We have a user session and are linking. Merge PKCE info into it.
-        if let Some(pkce_claims) = session::decode_jwt(&auth_info.session_token, &app_state.jwt_decoding_key) {
-            claims.pkce_verifier = pkce_claims.pkce_verifier;
-            claims.csrf_state = pkce_claims.csrf_state;
-
-            // re-encode
-            encode(&Header::new(Algorithm::HS256), &claims, &app_state.jwt_encoding_key).expect("jwt sign")
-        } else {
-            warn!("Failed to decode PKCE session token during linking flow");
-            // Fallback to just using the PKCE token, which will break linking but not panic.
-            auth_info.session_token
-        }
-    } else {
-        // Not linking or no existing session, just use the new token.
-        auth_info.session_token
-    };
-
-    session::set_session_cookie(&cookie, &final_token);
+    session::set_session_cookie(&cookie, &auth_info.session_token);
     trace!("Redirecting to provider authorization page");
     Redirect::to(auth_info.authorize_url.as_str()).into_response()
 }
@@ -149,146 +84,62 @@ pub async fn oauth_callback_handler(
         }
     };
 
-    debug!(cookies = ?cookie.cookie().iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), "Cookies");
-
-    // Linking or sign-in flow. Determine link intent from cookie (set at authorize time)
-    let link_cookie = cookie.get("link").map(|c| c.value().to_string());
-    if link_cookie.is_some() {
-        cookie.remove("link");
-    }
-    let email = user.email.as_deref();
-
-    // Determine linking intent with a valid session
-    if link_cookie.as_deref() == Some("1") {
-        debug!("Link intent present");
-
-        if let Some(claims) =
-            session::get_session_token(&cookie).and_then(|t| session::decode_jwt(&t, &app_state.jwt_decoding_key))
-        {
-            // Perform linking with current session user
-            let (cur_prov, cur_id) = claims.subject.split_once(':').unwrap_or(("", ""));
-            let current_user = match user_repo::find_user_by_provider_id(&app_state.db, cur_prov, cur_id).await {
-                Ok(Some(u)) => u,
-                Ok(None) => {
-                    warn!("Current session user not found; proceeding as normal sign-in");
-                    return ErrorResponse::bad_request("invalid_request", Some("current session user not found".into()))
-                        .into_response();
-                }
-                Err(_) => {
-                    return ErrorResponse::with_status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "database_error", None).into_response();
-                }
-            };
-            if let Err(e) = user_repo::link_oauth_account(
-                &app_state.db,
-                current_user.id,
-                &provider,
-                &user.id,
-                email,
-                Some(&user.username),
-                user.name.as_deref(),
-                user.avatar_url.as_deref(),
-            )
-            .await
-            {
-                warn!(error = %e, %provider, "Failed to link OAuth account");
-                return ErrorResponse::with_status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "database_error", None).into_response();
-            }
-            return (StatusCode::FOUND, Redirect::to("/profile")).into_response();
-        } else {
-            warn!(%provider, "Link intent present but session missing/invalid; proceeding as normal sign-in");
+    // --- Simplified Sign-in / Sign-up Flow ---
+    let linking_span = debug_span!("account_linking", provider_user_id = %user.id, provider_email = ?user.email, email_verified = %user.email_verified);
+    let db_user_result: Result<user_repo::User, sqlx::Error> = async {
+        // 1. Check if we already have this specific provider account linked
+        if let Some(user) = user_repo::find_user_by_provider_id(&app_state.db, &provider, &user.id).await? {
+            debug!(user_id = %user.id, "Found existing user by provider ID");
+            return Ok(user);
         }
-    }
 
-    // Normal sign-in: do NOT auto-link by email (security). If email exists, require linking flow.
-    if let Some(e) = email {
-        if let Ok(Some(existing)) = user_repo::find_user_by_email(&app_state.db, e).await {
-            // Only block if the user already has at least one linked provider.
-            // NOTE: We do not check whether providers are currently active. If a user has exactly one provider and it is inactive,
-            // this may lock them out until the provider is reactivated or a manual admin link is performed.
-            match user_repo::get_oauth_account_count_for_user(&app_state.db, existing.id).await {
-                Ok(count) if count > 0 => {
-                    // Check if the "new" provider is already linked to the user
-                    match user_repo::find_user_by_provider_id(&app_state.db, &provider, &user.id).await {
-                        Ok(Some(_)) => {
-                            debug!(
-                                %provider,
-                                %existing.id,
-                                "Provider already linked to user, signing in normally");
-                        }
-                        Ok(None) => {
-                            debug!(
-                                %provider,
-                                %existing.id,
-                                "Provider not linked to user, failing"
-                            );
-                            return ErrorResponse::bad_request(
-                                "account_exists",
-                                Some(format!(
-                                    "An account already exists for {}. Sign in with your existing provider, then visit /auth/{}?link=true to add this provider.",
-                                    e, provider
-                                )),
-                            )
-                            .into_response();
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            warn!(error = %e, %provider, "Failed to find user by provider ID");
-                            return ErrorResponse::with_status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "database_error", None)
-                                .into_response();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                Ok(_) => {
-                    // No providers linked yet: safe to associate this provider
-                    if let Err(e) = user_repo::link_oauth_account(
-                        &app_state.db,
-                        existing.id,
-                        &provider,
-                        &user.id,
-                        email,
-                        Some(&user.username),
-                        user.name.as_deref(),
-                        user.avatar_url.as_deref(),
-                    )
-                    .await
-                    {
-                        warn!(error = %e, %provider, "Failed to link OAuth account to existing user with no providers");
-                        return ErrorResponse::with_status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "database_error", None)
-                            .into_response();
-                    }
-                }
-                Err(e) => {
-                    warn!(error = %e, "Failed to count oauth accounts for user");
-                    return ErrorResponse::with_status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "database_error", None).into_response();
+        // 2. If not, try to find an existing user by verified email to link to
+        let user_to_link = if user.email_verified {
+            if let Some(email) = user.email.as_deref() {
+                // Try to find a user with this email
+                if let Some(existing_user) = user_repo::find_user_by_email(&app_state.db, email).await? {
+                    debug!(user_id = %existing_user.id, "Found existing user by email, linking new provider");
+                    existing_user
+                } else {
+                    // No user with this email, create a new one
+                    debug!("No user found by email, creating a new one");
+                    user_repo::create_user(&app_state.db, Some(email)).await?
                 }
+            } else {
+                // Verified, but no email for some reason. Create a user without an email.
+                user_repo::create_user(&app_state.db, None).await?
             }
         } else {
-            // Create new user with email
-            match user_repo::create_user(
-                &app_state.db,
-                &user.username,
-                user.name.as_deref(),
-                email,
-                user.avatar_url.as_deref(),
-                &provider,
-                &user.id,
-            )
-            .await
-            {
-                Ok(u) => u,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    warn!(error = %e, %provider, "Failed to create user");
-                    return ErrorResponse::with_status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "database_error", None).into_response();
-                }
-            };
-        }
-    } else {
-        // No email available: disallow sign-in for safety
-        return ErrorResponse::bad_request(
-            "invalid_request",
-            Some("account has no email; sign in with a different provider".into()),
+            // No verified email, so we must create a new user without an email.
+            debug!("No verified email, creating a new user");
+            user_repo::create_user(&app_state.db, None).await?
+        };
+
+        // 3. Link the new provider account to our user record (whether old or new)
+        user_repo::link_oauth_account(
+            &app_state.db,
+            user_to_link.id,
+            &provider,
+            &user.id,
+            user.email.as_deref(),
+            Some(&user.username),
+            user.name.as_deref(),
+            user.avatar_url.as_deref(),
         )
-        .into_response();
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(user_to_link)
     }
+    .instrument(linking_span)
+    .await;
+
+    let _: user_repo::User = match db_user_result {
+        Ok(u) => u,
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!(error = %(&e as &dyn std::error::Error), "Failed to process user linking/creation");
+            return ErrorResponse::with_status(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "database_error", None).into_response();
+        }
+    };
 
     // Create session token
     let session_token = session::create_jwt_for_user(&provider, &user, &app_state.jwt_encoding_key);

pacman-server/tests/oauth.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
 
 use pacman_server::{
     auth::{
-        provider::{MockOAuthProvider, OAuthProvider},
+        provider::{AuthUser, MockOAuthProvider, OAuthProvider},
         AuthRegistry,
     },
+    data::user as user_repo,
     session,
 };
 use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
@@ -13,41 +14,13 @@ use time::Duration;
 mod common;
 use crate::common::{test_context, TestContext};
 
-/// Test OAuth authorization flows
+/// Test the basic authorization redirect flow
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn test_oauth_authorization_flows() {
-    let TestContext { server, .. } = test_context().call().await;
-
-    // Test OAuth authorize endpoint (should redirect)
-    let response = server.get("/auth/github").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 303); // Redirect to GitHub OAuth
-
-    // Test OAuth authorize endpoint for Discord
-    let response = server.get("/auth/discord").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 303); // Redirect to Discord OAuth
-
-    // Test unknown provider
-    let response = server.get("/auth/unknown").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400); // Bad request for unknown provider
-}
-
-/// Test OAuth callback handling
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_oauth_callback_handling() {
-    let TestContext { server, .. } = test_context().call().await;
-
-    // Test OAuth callback with missing parameters (should fail gracefully)
-    let response = server.get("/auth/github/callback").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400); // Bad request for missing code/state
-}
-
-/// Test OAuth authorization flow
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_oauth_authorization_flow() {
+async fn test_oauth_authorization_redirect() {
     let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
     mock.expect_authorize().returning(|encoding_key| {
         Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthorizeInfo {
-            authorize_url: "https://example.com".parse().unwrap(),
+            authorize_url: "https://example.com/auth".parse().unwrap(),
             session_token: session::create_pkce_session("verifier", "state", encoding_key),
         })
     });
@@ -59,194 +32,26 @@ async fn test_oauth_authorization_flow() {
 
     let TestContext { server, app_state, .. } = test_context().auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
 
-    // Test that valid handlers redirect
-    let response = server.get("/auth/mock").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 303); // Redirect to GitHub OAuth
-
-    // Test that unknown handlers return an error
-    let response = server.get("/auth/unknown").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400); // Bad request for unknown provider
-
-    // Test that session cookie is set
     let response = server.get("/auth/mock").await;
     assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 303);
-    let cookies = {
-        let cookies = response.cookies();
-        cookies.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>()
-    };
-    assert_eq!(cookies.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(cookies[0].name(), "session");
-    let claims = session::decode_jwt(cookies[0].value(), &app_state.jwt_decoding_key).unwrap();
-    assert!(session::is_pkce_session(&claims));
+    assert_eq!(response.headers().get("location").unwrap(), "https://example.com/auth");
 
-    // Test that link parameter redirects and sets a link cookie
-    let response = server.get("/auth/mock?link=true").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 303);
-    assert_eq!(response.maybe_cookie("link").is_some(), true);
-    assert_eq!(response.maybe_cookie("link").unwrap().value(), "1");
+    let session_cookie = response.cookie("session");
+    let claims = session::decode_jwt(session_cookie.value(), &app_state.jwt_decoding_key).unwrap();
+    assert!(session::is_pkce_session(&claims), "A PKCE session should be set");
 }
 
-/// Test OAuth callback validation
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_oauth_callback_validation() {
-    let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
-    mock.expect_handle_callback()
-        .times(0) // Should not be called
-        .returning(|_, _, _, _| {
-            Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-                id: "123".to_string(),
-                username: "testuser".to_string(),
-                name: None,
-                email: Some("test@example.com".to_string()),
-                avatar_url: None,
-            })
-        });
-    let provider: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(mock);
-    let mock_registry = AuthRegistry {
-        providers: HashMap::from([("mock", provider)]),
-    };
-
-    let TestContext { server, .. } = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
-
-    // Test that an unknown provider returns an error
-    let response = server.get("/auth/unknown/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400);
-
-    // Test that a provider-returned error is handled
-    let response = server.get("/auth/mock/callback?error=access_denied").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400);
-
-    // Test that a missing code returns an error
-    let response = server.get("/auth/mock/callback?state=b").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400);
-
-    // Test that a missing state returns an error
-    let response = server.get("/auth/mock/callback?code=a").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400);
-}
-
-/// Test OAuth callback processing
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_oauth_callback_processing() {
-    let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
-    mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-            id: "123".to_string(),
-            username: "testuser".to_string(),
-            name: None,
-            email: Some("processing@example.com".to_string()),
-            avatar_url: None,
-        })
-    });
-    let provider: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(mock);
-    let mock_registry = AuthRegistry {
-        providers: HashMap::from([("mock", provider)]),
-    };
-
-    let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
-
-    // Test that a successful callback redirects and sets a session cookie
-    let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302);
-    assert_eq!(response.headers().get("location").unwrap(), "/profile");
-    assert!(response.maybe_cookie("session").is_some());
-}
-
-/// Test account linking flow
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_account_linking_flow() {
-    let mut initial_provider_mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
-    initial_provider_mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(move |_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-            id: "123".to_string(),
-            username: "linkuser".to_string(),
-            name: None,
-            email: Some("link@example.com".to_string()),
-            avatar_url: None,
-        })
-    });
-    let initial_provider: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(initial_provider_mock);
-
-    let mut link_provider_mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
-    link_provider_mock.expect_authorize().returning(|encoding_key| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthorizeInfo {
-            authorize_url: "https://example.com".parse().unwrap(),
-            session_token: session::create_pkce_session("verifier", "state", encoding_key),
-        })
-    });
-    link_provider_mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-            id: "456".to_string(),
-            username: "linkuser_new".to_string(),
-            name: None,
-            email: Some("link@example.com".to_string()),
-            avatar_url: None,
-        })
-    });
-    let link_provider: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(link_provider_mock);
-
-    let registry = AuthRegistry {
-        providers: HashMap::from([("mock_initial", initial_provider), ("mock_link", link_provider)]),
-    };
-    let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(registry).call().await;
-
-    // 1. Create an initial user and provider link
-    let user = pacman_server::data::user::create_user(
-        &context.app_state.db,
-        "linkuser",
-        None,
-        Some("link@example.com"),
-        None,
-        "mock_initial",
-        "123",
-    )
-    .await
-    .expect("Failed to create user");
-
-    {
-        let providers = pacman_server::data::user::list_user_providers(&context.app_state.db, user.id)
-            .await
-            .expect("Failed to list user's initial provider(s)");
-        assert_eq!(providers.len(), 1, "User should have one provider");
-        assert!(providers.iter().any(|p| p.provider == "mock_initial"));
-    }
-
-    // 2. Create a session for this user
-    let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock_initial/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302);
-
-    // Begin linking flow
-    let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock_link?link=true").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 303);
-
-    // 3. Perform the linking call
-    let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock_link/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
-
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 303, "Post-linking response should be a redirect");
-    assert_eq!(
-        response.headers().get("location").unwrap(),
-        "/profile",
-        "Post-linking response should redirect to /profile"
-    );
-
-    let providers = pacman_server::data::user::list_user_providers(&context.app_state.db, user.id)
-        .await
-        .expect("Failed to list user's providers");
-    assert_eq!(providers.len(), 2, "User should have two providers");
-    assert!(providers.iter().any(|p| p.provider == "mock_initial"));
-    assert!(providers.iter().any(|p| p.provider == "mock_link"));
-}
-
-/// Test new user registration
+/// Test new user registration via OAuth callback
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_new_user_registration() {
     let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
     mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-            id: "123".to_string(),
-            username: "testuser".to_string(),
+        Ok(AuthUser {
+            id: "newuser123".to_string(),
+            username: "new_user".to_string(),
             name: None,
-            email: Some("newuser@example.com".to_string()),
+            email: Some("new@example.com".to_string()),
+            email_verified: true,
             avatar_url: None,
         })
     });
@@ -258,27 +63,151 @@ async fn test_new_user_registration() {
 
     let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
 
-    // Test that the OAuth callback handler creates a new user account when no existing user is found
     let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
     assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302);
     assert_eq!(response.headers().get("location").unwrap(), "/profile");
-    let user = pacman_server::data::user::find_user_by_email(&context.app_state.db, "newuser@example.com")
+
+    // Verify user and oauth_account were created
+    let user = user_repo::find_user_by_email(&context.app_state.db, "new@example.com")
+        .await
+        .unwrap()
+        .expect("User should be created");
+    assert_eq!(user.email, Some("new@example.com".to_string()));
+
+    let providers = user_repo::list_user_providers(&context.app_state.db, user.id).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(providers.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(providers[0].provider, "mock");
+    assert_eq!(providers[0].provider_user_id, "newuser123");
+}
+
+/// Test sign-in for an existing user with an already-linked provider
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_existing_user_signin() {
+    let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
+    mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
+        Ok(AuthUser {
+            id: "existing123".to_string(),
+            username: "existing_user".to_string(),
+            name: None,
+            email: Some("existing@example.com".to_string()),
+            email_verified: true,
+            avatar_url: None,
+        })
+    });
+
+    let provider: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(mock);
+    let mock_registry = AuthRegistry {
+        providers: HashMap::from([("mock", provider)]),
+    };
+
+    let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
+
+    // Pre-create the user and link
+    let user = user_repo::create_user(&context.app_state.db, Some("existing@example.com"))
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    user_repo::link_oauth_account(
+        &context.app_state.db,
+        user.id,
+        "mock",
+        "existing123",
+        Some("existing@example.com"),
+        Some("existing_user"),
+        None,
+        None,
+    )
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
+    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302, "Should sign in successfully");
+    assert_eq!(response.headers().get("location").unwrap(), "/profile");
+
+    // Verify no new user was created
+    let users = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM users")
+        .fetch_all(&context.app_state.db)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(users.len(), 1, "No new user should be created");
+}
+
+/// Test implicit account linking via a shared verified email
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_implicit_account_linking() {
+    // 1. User signs in with 'provider-a'
+    let mut mock_a = MockOAuthProvider::new();
+    mock_a.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
+        Ok(AuthUser {
+            id: "user_a_123".to_string(),
+            username: "user_a".to_string(),
+            name: None,
+            email: Some("shared@example.com".to_string()),
+            email_verified: true,
+            avatar_url: None,
+        })
+    });
+
+    // 2. Later, the same user signs in with 'provider-b'
+    let mut mock_b = MockOAuthProvider::new();
+    mock_b.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
+        Ok(AuthUser {
+            id: "user_b_456".to_string(),
+            username: "user_b".to_string(),
+            name: None,
+            email: Some("shared@example.com".to_string()),
+            email_verified: true,
+            avatar_url: None,
+        })
+    });
+
+    let provider_a: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(mock_a);
+    let provider_b: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(mock_b);
+    let mock_registry = AuthRegistry {
+        providers: HashMap::from([("provider-a", provider_a), ("provider-b", provider_b)]),
+    };
+
+    let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
+
+    // Action 1: Sign in with provider-a, creating the initial user
+    let response1 = context.server.get("/auth/provider-a/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
+    assert_eq!(response1.status_code(), 302);
+
+    let user = user_repo::find_user_by_email(&context.app_state.db, "shared@example.com")
         .await
         .unwrap()
         .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(user.email, Some("newuser@example.com".to_string()));
+    let providers1 = user_repo::list_user_providers(&context.app_state.db, user.id).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(providers1.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(providers1[0].provider, "provider-a");
+
+    // Action 2: Sign in with provider-b
+    let response2 = context.server.get("/auth/provider-b/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
+    assert_eq!(response2.status_code(), 302);
+
+    // Assertions: No new user, but a new provider link
+    let users = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM users")
+        .fetch_all(&context.app_state.db)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(users.len(), 1, "A new user should NOT have been created");
+
+    let providers2 = user_repo::list_user_providers(&context.app_state.db, user.id).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(providers2.len(), 2, "A new provider should have been linked");
+    assert!(providers2.iter().any(|p| p.provider == "provider-a"));
+    assert!(providers2.iter().any(|p| p.provider == "provider-b"));
 }
 
-/// Test OAuth callback handler rejects sign-in attempts when no email is available
+/// Test that an unverified email does NOT link accounts
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn test_oauth_callback_no_email() {
+async fn test_unverified_email_creates_new_account() {
     let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
     mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-            id: "456".to_string(),
-            username: "noemailuser".to_string(),
+        Ok(AuthUser {
+            id: "unverified123".to_string(),
+            username: "unverified_user".to_string(),
             name: None,
-            email: None,
+            email: Some("unverified@example.com".to_string()),
+            email_verified: false,
             avatar_url: None,
         })
     });
@@ -290,86 +219,20 @@ async fn test_oauth_callback_no_email() {
 
     let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
 
-    // Test that the OAuth callback handler rejects sign-in attempts when no email is available
+    // Pre-create a user with the same email, but they will not be linked.
+    user_repo::create_user(&context.app_state.db, Some("unverified@example.com"))
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
     let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400);
-}
+    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302);
 
-/// Test existing user sign-in with new provider fails
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_existing_user_sign_in_new_provider_fails() {
-    let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
-    mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(move |_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-            id: "456".to_string(), // Different provider ID
-            username: "existinguser_newprovider".to_string(),
-            name: None,
-            email: Some("existing@example.com".to_string()),
-            avatar_url: None,
-        })
-    });
-    let provider: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(mock);
-    let mock_registry = AuthRegistry {
-        providers: HashMap::from([("mock_new", provider)]),
-    };
-
-    let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
-
-    // Create a user with one linked provider
-    pacman_server::data::user::create_user(
-        &context.app_state.db,
-        "existinguser",
-        None,
-        Some("existing@example.com"),
-        None,
-        "mock",
-        "123",
-    )
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-
-    // A user with the email exists, but has one provider. If they sign in with a *new* provider, it should fail.
-    let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock_new/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 400); // Should fail and ask to link explicitly.
-}
-
-/// Test existing user sign-in with existing provider succeeds
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_existing_user_sign_in_existing_provider_succeeds() {
-    let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
-    mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(move |_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
-            id: "123".to_string(), // Same provider ID as created user
-            username: "existinguser".to_string(),
-            name: None,
-            email: Some("existing@example.com".to_string()),
-            avatar_url: None,
-        })
-    });
-    let provider: Arc<dyn OAuthProvider> = Arc::new(mock);
-    let mock_registry = AuthRegistry {
-        providers: HashMap::from([("mock", provider)]),
-    };
-
-    let context = test_context().use_database(true).auth_registry(mock_registry).call().await;
-
-    // Create a user with one linked provider
-    pacman_server::data::user::create_user(
-        &context.app_state.db,
-        "existinguser",
-        None,
-        Some("existing@example.com"),
-        None,
-        "mock",
-        "123",
-    )
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-
-    // Test sign-in with an existing linked provider.
-    let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
-    assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302); // Should sign in successfully
-    assert_eq!(response.headers().get("location").unwrap(), "/profile");
+    // Should create a second user because the email wasn't trusted for linking
+    let users = sqlx::query("SELECT * FROM users")
+        .fetch_all(&context.app_state.db)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(users.len(), 2, "A new user should be created for the unverified email");
 }
 
 /// Test logout functionality
@@ -377,11 +240,12 @@ async fn test_existing_user_sign_in_existing_provider_succeeds() {
 async fn test_logout_functionality() {
     let mut mock = MockOAuthProvider::new();
     mock.expect_handle_callback().returning(|_, _, _, _| {
-        Ok(pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
+        Ok(AuthUser {
             id: "123".to_string(),
             username: "testuser".to_string(),
             name: None,
             email: Some("test@example.com".to_string()),
+            email_verified: true,
             avatar_url: None,
         })
     });
@@ -395,27 +259,14 @@ async fn test_logout_functionality() {
     // Sign in to establish a session
     let response = context.server.get("/auth/mock/callback?code=a&state=b").await;
     assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302);
-    let session_cookie = response.cookie("session").clone();
 
     // Test that the logout handler clears the session cookie and redirects
     let response = context.server.get("/logout").await;
 
-    // Redirect assertions
     assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 302);
-    assert!(
-        response.headers().contains_key("location"),
-        "Response redirect should have a location header"
-    );
+    assert!(response.headers().contains_key("location"));
 
-    // Cookie assertions
-    assert_eq!(
-        response.cookie("session").value(),
-        "removed",
-        "Session cookie should be removed"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        response.cookie("session").max_age(),
-        Some(Duration::ZERO),
-        "Session cookie should have a max age of 0"
-    );
+    let cookie = response.cookie("session");
+    assert_eq!(cookie.value(), "removed");
+    assert_eq!(cookie.max_age(), Some(Duration::ZERO));
 }

pacman-server/tests/sessions.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 mod common;
-use crate::common::{test_context, TestContext};
+use crate::common::test_context;
 use cookie::Cookie;
-use pacman_server::session;
+use pacman_server::{data::user as user_repo, session};
 
 use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 
@@ -9,25 +9,30 @@ use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
 async fn test_session_management() {
     let context = test_context().use_database(true).call().await;
 
-    // 1. Create a user
-    let user =
-        pacman_server::data::user::create_user(&context.app_state.db, "testuser", None, None, None, "test_provider", "123")
-            .await
-            .unwrap();
+    // 1. Create a user and link a provider account
+    let user = user_repo::create_user(&context.app_state.db, Some("test@example.com"))
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    let provider_account = user_repo::link_oauth_account(
+        &context.app_state.db,
+        user.id,
+        "test_provider",
+        "123",
+        Some("test@example.com"),
+        Some("testuser"),
+        None,
+        None,
+    )
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
 
     // 2. Create a session token for the user
-    let provider_account = pacman_server::data::user::list_user_providers(&context.app_state.db, user.id)
-        .await
-        .unwrap()
-        .into_iter()
-        .find(|p| p.provider == "test_provider")
-        .unwrap();
-
     let auth_user = pacman_server::auth::provider::AuthUser {
         id: provider_account.provider_user_id,
         username: provider_account.username.unwrap(),
         name: provider_account.display_name,
         email: user.email,
+        email_verified: true,
         avatar_url: provider_account.avatar_url,
     };
     let token = session::create_jwt_for_user("test_provider", &auth_user, &context.app_state.jwt_encoding_key);