mirror of
https://github.com/Xevion/the-pac-man-dossier.git
synced 2025-12-06 01:16:35 -06:00
10913 lines
400 KiB
HTML
10913 lines
400 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
|
<html>
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="CONTENT-TYPE" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" />
|
|
<title>The Pac-Man Dossier</title>
|
|
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 3.0 (Win32)" />
|
|
<meta name="AUTHOR" content="Jamey Pittman" />
|
|
<meta name="CREATED" content="20090110;8512900" />
|
|
<meta name="CHANGEDBY" content="Jamey Pittman" />
|
|
<meta name="CHANGED" content="20110125;17511500" />
|
|
<meta
|
|
name="DESCRIPTION"
|
|
content="Online Pac-Man guide with hints, tips, and detailed insights on ghost behavior."
|
|
/>
|
|
<meta
|
|
name="KEYWORDS"
|
|
content="Pac-Man pacman game guide patterns strategy tips hints tricks dossier ghosts ninth key cherry arcade gaming maze classic 1980 80s fun MAME emulator"
|
|
/>
|
|
<meta name="Info 3" content="" />
|
|
<meta name="Info 4" content="" />
|
|
<meta name="REVISIT" content="14 days" />
|
|
<meta name="ROBOTS" content="index, follow" />
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache" />
|
|
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0" />
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body lang="en-US" background="bkgd.png" dir="LTR">
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-before: always; page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="pmd%20copy.png"
|
|
name="graphics1"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="450"
|
|
height="600"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-before: always; page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><i>version 1.0.26 June 16, 2011</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics82"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="cherry.png"
|
|
name="graphics76"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"><b>Foreword</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<img
|
|
src="cherry.png"
|
|
name="graphics78"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics75"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">Welcome to </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>The Pac-Man Dossier</i></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>! This web page is dedicated to providing
|
|
</span></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>Pac-Man</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>players of all skill levels with the most complete and detailed
|
|
study of the game possible. New discoveries found during the
|
|
research for this page have allowed for the clearest view yet of
|
|
the actual ghost behavior and pathfinding logic used by the
|
|
game. Laid out in hyperlinked chapters and sections, the dossier
|
|
is easy to navigate using the
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents">Table of Contents</a> below, or you
|
|
can read it in linear fashion from top-to-bottom.
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_1">Chapter 1</a> is purely the backstory of
|
|
Namco and
|
|
</span></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>Pac-Man's</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>designer, Toru Iwatani, chronicling the development cycle and
|
|
release of the arcade classic. If you want to get right to the
|
|
technical portions of the document, however, feel free to skip
|
|
ahead to <a href="#Chapter_2">Chapter 2</a> and start reading
|
|
there. <a href="#Chapter_3">Chapter 3</a> and
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_4">Chapter 4</a> are dedicated to explaining
|
|
pathfinding logic and discussions of unique ghost behavior.
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_5">Chapter 5</a> is dedicated to the
|
|
“split screen” level, and several Appendices follow,
|
|
offering <a href="#ReferenceTables">reference tables</a>, an
|
|
<a href="#EasterEggsAndTricks">easter egg</a>,
|
|
<a href="#VintageGuides">vintage guides</a>, a
|
|
<a href="#Glossary">glossary</a>, and more. Lastly, if you are
|
|
unable to find what you're looking for or something seems
|
|
unclear in the text, please feel free to contact me (<a
|
|
href="mailto:jamey.pittman@yahoo.com"
|
|
>jamey.pittman@yahoo.com</a
|
|
>) and ask!</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p align="LEFT"></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>If you enjoy the information presented on this website, please
|
|
consider contributing a small donation to support it and defray
|
|
the time/maintenance costs associated with keeping it online and
|
|
updated. Donations can be made <b>safely and securely</b> via
|
|
PayPal by clicking the "Donate" button below. You can also make a
|
|
small contribution (at no cost to you whatsoever) by simply
|
|
clicking on one or more of the advertisement banners. Your support
|
|
is greatly appreciated!<br />
|
|
<div align="center">
|
|
<form
|
|
action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"
|
|
method="post"
|
|
>
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_s-xclick" />
|
|
<input
|
|
type="hidden"
|
|
name="encrypted"
|
|
value="-----BEGIN PKCS7-----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-----END PKCS7-----
|
|
"
|
|
/>
|
|
<input
|
|
type="image"
|
|
src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
name="submit"
|
|
alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!"
|
|
/>
|
|
<img
|
|
alt=""
|
|
border="0"
|
|
src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif"
|
|
width="1"
|
|
height="1"
|
|
/>
|
|
</form>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<br /><br />
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<div align="center">
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
<!--
|
|
google_ad_client = "ca-pub-4297265216414705";
|
|
/* Dossier Ad 01 */
|
|
google_ad_slot = "5028599767";
|
|
google_ad_width = 728;
|
|
google_ad_height = 90;
|
|
//-->
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script
|
|
type="text/javascript"
|
|
src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"
|
|
></script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Table Of Contents"></a><a name="TableOfContents"></a>
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics81"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="key.png"
|
|
name="graphics65"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"><b>Table of Contents</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<img
|
|
src="key.png"
|
|
name="graphics77"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics6"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#Introduction"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><b>Introduction</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_1"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Chapter 1 — Welcome To The Machine</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_2"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Chapter 2 — Gameplay Details</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_The_Basics"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>The Basics</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Modus_Operandi"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Modus Operandi</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Reversal_of_Fortune"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Reversal Of Fortune</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Scatter_Chase_Repeat"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Scatter, Chase, Repeat...</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Frightening_Behavior"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Frightening Behavior</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Speed"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Speed</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Cornering"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Cornering</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Home_Sweet_Home"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Home Sweet Home</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH2_Areas_To_Exploit"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Areas To Exploit</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_3"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Chapter 3 — Maze Logic 101</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH3_What_Tile_Am_I_In"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>What Tile Am I In?</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH3_Just_Passing_Through"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Just Passing Through</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH3_Target_Tiles"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Target Tiles</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH3_Looking_Ahead"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Looking Ahead</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH3_Intersections"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Intersections</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH3_Fixed_Target_Tiles"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Fixed Target Tiles</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_4"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Chapter 4 — Meet The Ghosts</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH4_Blinky"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Blinky</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH4_Pinky"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Pinky</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH4_Inky"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Inky</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH4_Clyde"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Clyde</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#Chapter_5"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Chapter 5 — Deciphering The Split Screen</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH5_On_The_Edge_Of_Forever"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>On The Edge Of Forever</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH5_Playing_The_Level"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Playing The Level</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#CH5_Believe_It_Or_Not"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Believe It Or Not</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#ReferencesFurtherReading"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>References And Further Reading</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#ReferenceTables"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Appendix A — Reference Tables</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#LvlSpecs"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><b>Table A.1 — Level Specifications</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#DiffSpecs"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><b>Table A.2 — Difficulty Specifications</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#EasterEggsAndTricks"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Appendix B — Easter Eggs & Tricks</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#Easter_Egg"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>NAMCO Easter Egg</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#Ghost_Bug"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"> <b>Ghost Bug</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#HardwareIinfo"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Appendix C — Hardware Information</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#Specifications"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Specifications</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.94in">
|
|
<a href="#OpReference"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><b>Midway Operator's Reference Books</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#VintageGuides"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><b>Appendix D — Vintage Pac-Man Guides</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#Glossary"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><b>Glossary</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#FAQ"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><b>Frequently Asked Questions</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" height="40" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 3.15in">
|
|
<a href="#AboutTheAuthor"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>About the Author</b></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 2.36in"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Introduction"></a
|
|
><font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics79"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="extraman.png"
|
|
name="graphics59"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"><b>Introduction</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<img
|
|
src="extraman.png"
|
|
name="graphics80"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics18"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>In 1999, Billy Mitchell of Hollywood, Florida became the first
|
|
person to obtain a perfect score of 3,333,360 at
|
|
<i>Pac-Man, </i>eating every possible dot, energizer, ghost, and
|
|
bonus on every level without losing a single life in the
|
|
process. But perhaps what is most amazing is the fact he can
|
|
play without using any memorized routines widely known as
|
|
“patterns”. Instead, he relies on his familiarity
|
|
with how each ghost behaves as it moves through the maze, using
|
|
that knowledge to keep Pac-Man one step ahead of his enemies at
|
|
all times.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Unlike Mitchell, most players are only able to rack up high
|
|
scores with the aid of multiple patterns that take advantage of
|
|
the game's deterministic nature. These patterns require perfect
|
|
memorization and recall to be of any real use—a single
|
|
hesitation or wrong turn during execution can make the remainder
|
|
of a pattern useless. Not surprisingly, an over-reliance on
|
|
these routines leaves many a player clueless as to how to
|
|
effectively avoid the ghosts and finish off the remaining dots
|
|
in the higher levels once a mistake occurs.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="pmgst.png"
|
|
name="graphics7"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="240"
|
|
height="363"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Most <i>Pac-Man</i> strategy guides available online today are
|
|
very similar in content to the books that were sold back in the
|
|
early 80s: a summary of gameplay and scoring is provided first,
|
|
followed by a list of patterns to be memorized by the reader,
|
|
but very little insight is offered on how the game works or how
|
|
the ghosts make decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this guide
|
|
is to give the player a better understanding of
|
|
<i>Pac-Man</i> without the use of patterns by taking a closer
|
|
look at gameplay, maze logic, ghost personalities, and the
|
|
mysterious “split screen” level. I can't promise
|
|
that you'll play as well as Billy Mitchell after reading this
|
|
guide, but you will definitely feel much better about recovering
|
|
from a mistake in your ninth key pattern once you have a good
|
|
understanding of how the ghosts “think”.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>All information provided has been extracted from or verified
|
|
with disassembly output from the original
|
|
</font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Pac-Man</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>code ROMs in conjunction with extensive testing and
|
|
observations made during gameplay. As such, I am highly
|
|
confident in the accuracy of this document. That being said, if
|
|
you notice an error or omission, please contact me at
|
|
<a href="mailto:jamey.pittman@yahoo.com"
|
|
>jamey.pittman@yahoo.com</a
|
|
>
|
|
so it can be corrected as soon as possible. Hopefully you will
|
|
find this material as interesting and useful as I did for
|
|
gaining a better understanding of this classic arcade title.
|
|
</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Special thanks to Don Hodges (<a
|
|
href="http://www.donhodges.com/"
|
|
>www.donhodges.com</a
|
|
>) whose invaluable contributions to this guide can be found in
|
|
every
|
|
</font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal">chapter.</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Chapter_1"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics5"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4" style="font-size: 16pt">CHAPTER 1:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="cherry.png"
|
|
name="graphics60"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Welcome To The Machine
|
|
<img
|
|
src="cherry.png"
|
|
name="graphics84"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics83"
|
|
align="MIDDLE"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
“<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><i
|
|
>I don't have any particular interest in [computers]. I'm
|
|
interested in creating images that communicate with people. A
|
|
computer is not the only medium that uses images; I could use
|
|
the movies or television or any other visual medium. It just
|
|
so happens I use the computer.”—Toru Iwatani</i
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>It was 1977 when a self-taught, capable young man named Toru
|
|
Iwatani came to work for Namco Limited, a Tokyo-based amusement
|
|
manufacturer whose main product lines at the time were
|
|
projection-based amusement rides and light gun shooting galleries.
|
|
He was just 22 years old with no formal training in computers,
|
|
visual arts, or graphic design, but his creativity and aptitude
|
|
for game design were obvious to the Namco executives that met with
|
|
Iwatani. They offered to hire him—with assurances they would
|
|
find a place for him in the company—and he accepted.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="geebee.jpg"
|
|
name="graphics2"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="224"
|
|
height="272"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Iwatani eventually found his place designing titles for Namco's
|
|
new video games division. His limited computer skills
|
|
necessitated his being paired with a programmer who would write
|
|
the actual code while Iwatani took on the role of game designer
|
|
for the project. This was a new job for the game industry in
|
|
1977 when most games were designed by the programmers who coded
|
|
them. In addition to a programmer, Iwatani's team would usually
|
|
include a hardware engineer to develop the various devices and
|
|
components, a graphic artist to realize his visual ideas, and a
|
|
music composer for any music and sound effects needed in the
|
|
game.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>Iwatani had initially wanted to work on pinball machines, but
|
|
Namco had no interest in the pinball business. Perhaps as a
|
|
concession, his first game design, called </span
|
|
><i>Gee Bee,</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>was a paddle game similar to Atari's </span
|
|
><i><span STYLE="font-weight: normal">Breakout</span></i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>but with a decidedly pinball-inspired slant to the gameplay.
|
|
Released in 1978, it was Namco's first original video
|
|
game—they had only ported existing Atari games to the
|
|
Japanese market up to this point—and it enjoyed moderate
|
|
success in the arcades.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="si.jpg"
|
|
name="graphics3"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="200"
|
|
height="229"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>But the paddle games were losing ground fast to a new genre.
|
|
The unprecedented success of Taito's</span
|
|
>
|
|
<i>Space Invaders</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>in 1978 caused an industry-wide shift toward space-themed,
|
|
shoot-'em-up games (as well as a national coin shortage in
|
|
Japan). Game manufacturers scrambled to match Taito's success
|
|
with space shooters of their own. Namco was quick to follow
|
|
suit, assigning a team to start work on a </span
|
|
><i>Space Invaders</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>clone at once. It was around this time that Toru Iwatani began
|
|
thinking about designing a different kind of game. He felt the
|
|
shoot-'em-up craze was destined to fade away like the paddle
|
|
games before them. Rather than make another space shooter, Toru
|
|
wanted to take his game design in a completely new direction
|
|
that did not focus on violence or conflict, and would appeal to
|
|
both male </span
|
|
><i>and</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal">female audiences.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>He took inspiration from a children's story about a creature
|
|
that protected children from monsters by eating them. One of
|
|
Iwatani's design methods included taking key words associated
|
|
with a story to aid in developing his ideas. The kanji word </span
|
|
><i>taberu </i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>(“to eat”), became the premise for the game. The
|
|
word </span
|
|
><i>kuchi</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>(“mouth”) has a square shape for its kanji symbol
|
|
and provided the inspiration for the game's main
|
|
character—the better-known legend of Iwatani receiving his
|
|
inspiration from a pizza pie with a slice missing was, by his
|
|
own admission, not entirely correct:</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<img
|
|
src="torueatspizza-thumb.jpg"
|
|
name="graphics4"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="200"
|
|
height="262"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
<p align="LEFT" style="margin-left: 0.79in">
|
|
“<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><i
|
|
>Well, it's half true. In Japanese the character for mouth
|
|
(kuchi) is a square shape. It's not circular like the pizza,
|
|
but I decided to round it out. There was the temptation to
|
|
make the Pac-Man shape less simple. While I was designing this
|
|
game, someone suggested we add eyes. But we eventually
|
|
discarded that idea because once we added eyes, we would want
|
|
to add glasses and maybe a moustache. There would just be no
|
|
end to it. Food is the other part of the basic concept. In my
|
|
initial design, I had put the player in the midst of food all
|
|
over the screen. As I thought about it, I realized the player
|
|
wouldn't know exactly what to do: the purpose of the game
|
|
would be obscure. So I created a maze and put the food in it.
|
|
Then whoever played the game would have some structure by
|
|
moving through the maze. The Japanese have a slang
|
|
word—paku paku—they use to describe the motion of
|
|
the mouth opening and closing while one eats. The name
|
|
Puck-Man came from that word.”</i
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p style="margin-left: 0.79in">
|
|
—<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><i>Toru Iwatani</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The monsters from the children's story were included as four
|
|
ghosts that chase the player through the maze, providing an
|
|
element of tension. Attacks on the player were designed to come in
|
|
waves (similar to <i>Space Invaders</i>) as opposed to an endless
|
|
assault, and each ghost was given an unique personality and
|
|
character. The children's story also included the concept of
|
|
<i>kokoro</i> (“spirit”) or a life force used by the
|
|
creature that allowed him to eat the monsters. Toru incorporated
|
|
this aspect of the story as four edible power pellets in the maze
|
|
that turn the tables on the ghosts, making them vulnerable to
|
|
being eaten by the player.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="galaxian.jpg"
|
|
name="graphics8"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="224"
|
|
height="256"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>With a name and a basic design in place, Iwatani was ready to
|
|
begin work. The team Namco assigned Iwatani to bring
|
|
<i>Puck-Man</i> to life included a programmer (Shigeo Funaki), a
|
|
hardware engineer, a cabinet designer, and a music composer
|
|
(Toshio Kai). Development got underway in early 1979. In the
|
|
course of that year, two new pinball-themed designs from
|
|
Iwatani—<i>Bomb Bee</i> and <i>Cutie Q—</i>were both
|
|
released during <i>Puck-Man's</i> development cycle. Both games
|
|
were similar to <i>Gee Bee </i>but with stronger gameplay and
|
|
improved visuals<i>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The Namco team working on the <i>Space Invaders</i> clone for the
|
|
past several months had just achieved a technological coup for
|
|
Namco: the first game to use a true, multi-colored, RGB display
|
|
instead of the monochrome monitors with colored cellophane tape so
|
|
prevalent at the time. Thanks to the breakthrough of the other
|
|
team, Iwatani now had the new promise of color to enhance his
|
|
design. Mindful that he wanted the game to appeal to women, he
|
|
immediately decided to use it on the ghosts, choosing pastel
|
|
shades for the bodies and adding expressive, blue eyes. Dark blue
|
|
was used for the maze itself, while Puck-Man was drenched in a
|
|
brilliant yellow.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="puckman.jpg"
|
|
name="graphics9"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="222"
|
|
height="342"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The look and feel of <i>Puck-Man</i> continued to evolve for over
|
|
a year. A large amount of time and effort was put into developing
|
|
the ghosts unique movement patterns through the maze and tweaking
|
|
the game difficulty variables as boards were cleared. Bonus
|
|
symbols (including the <i>Galaxian</i> flagship) were added into
|
|
the mix at some point, and the ghosts were finally given names:
|
|
Akabei, Pinky, Aosuke, and Guzuta. Sound effects and music were
|
|
some of the final touches added as development neared an end along
|
|
with constant tweaking of the ghosts' behavior.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i>Puck-Man's</i> creation was a year and five months in the
|
|
making—the longest ever for a video game to that point.
|
|
Finally, on May 22<sup>nd</sup>, 1980, it was released to arcades
|
|
in Japan. Initially, the game did moderately well, but was no
|
|
overnight sensation. In fact, Namco's multi-colored
|
|
<i>Space Invaders </i>clone, called <i>Galaxian,</i> was much more
|
|
popular with the gaming public—the predominately male,
|
|
game-playing audience in Japan was unsure what to make of
|
|
<i>Puck-Man </i>with its cartoon-like characters, maze, and pastel
|
|
colors, whereas <i>Galaxian</i> was more immediately familiar to
|
|
them with its shoot-'em-up space theme.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>Midway was a distributor of coin-operated video games in the
|
|
U.S. that was always looking for the next big hit from Japan to
|
|
license and bring to America. They opted for both </span
|
|
><i>Puck-Man</i> <span STYLE="font-style: normal">and </span
|
|
><i>Galaxian</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>, modifying the cabinets and artwork to make them easier to
|
|
manufacture as well as providing a more American look and
|
|
feel.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="cabinet3.png"
|
|
name="graphics10"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="200"
|
|
height="358"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i>Puck-Man</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>went through the majority of the changes: the cabinet was
|
|
modified slightly, changing the color from white to a bright
|
|
yellow to make it stand out in the arcade. The detailed,
|
|
multi-colored cabinet artwork was replaced with
|
|
cheaper-to-produce, three-color artwork illustrating an iconic
|
|
representation of Puck-Man (now drawn with eyes and feet) and
|
|
one blue ghost. English names were given to the ghosts (Blinky,
|
|
Pinky, Inky, and Clyde), and the Namco title was changed to
|
|
Midway. The most significant change to </span
|
|
><i>Puck-Man</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>was the name. Midway feared it would be too easy for
|
|
nasty-minded vandals to change the P in </span
|
|
><i>Puck-Man </i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>to an F, creating an unsavory epithet. Not wanting their
|
|
product associated with this word, Midway renamed the game </span
|
|
><i>Pac-Man</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>before releasing it to American arcades in October 1980.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>But the situation in America was reversed from Japan for these
|
|
two titles. </span
|
|
><i>Galaxian</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>got lost in the shuffle of the shoot-'em-up craze that
|
|
blanketed America's arcades and, by the fall of 1980, it was
|
|
already competing with more advanced video games like </span
|
|
><i>Defender</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">. In the end, </span
|
|
><i>Galaxian</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>enjoyed moderate success in America and in Japan, but was never
|
|
the smash hit the original </span
|
|
><i>Space Invaders</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal">was. </span><i>Pac-Man</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>was another story. There were no games to compare it
|
|
to—it was in a genre all by itself. The bright yellow
|
|
cabinet, visuals, and sounds drew a great deal of attention. No
|
|
one had seen a game quite like this before. The addictive
|
|
gameplay and challenge of increasing levels of difficulty kept
|
|
the die-hard gamers more than happy, while the simplicity of the
|
|
game appealed to younger children. The lack of war-like motifs
|
|
and violence did as Iwatani had hoped and attracted a sizable
|
|
female audience—a first for a video game. Even the parents
|
|
wary of the violence-themed arcade games had no problem with
|
|
their kids playing as cute and innocuous a game as </span
|
|
><i>Pac-Man</i><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="pbook.jpg"
|
|
name="graphics12"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="200"
|
|
height="340"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i>Pac-Man</i> went on to capture the world's imagination like
|
|
nothing before or since. It was a genuine phenomenon on a global
|
|
scale, selling over 100,000 machines in its first year alone. Easy
|
|
to learn but notoriously difficult to master, everyone from school
|
|
children to Wall Street executives dropped quarter after quarter
|
|
into an ever-increasing number of
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal">waiting</span>
|
|
<i>Pac-Man</i> machines. By 1982, <i>Pac-Man</i> merchandise was
|
|
literally everywhere: t-shirts, hats, keychains, wrist bands,
|
|
bedsheets, air fresheners, wall clocks, drinking glasses, trading
|
|
cards, stickers, cereal boxes, comic books—even a Saturday
|
|
morning cartoon. A novelty song called “<i
|
|
>Pac-Man Fever”</i
|
|
>
|
|
received significant radio play, reaching number nine on the U.S.
|
|
Billboard charts. Many books were written offering tips and tricks
|
|
used by the best players to achieve high scores—the
|
|
first-ever strategy guides published for a video game.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>More than thirty years later, <i>Pac-Man </i>remains the
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>best-selling coin-operated video game in history. Still
|
|
considered the most widely-recognized video game character in
|
|
the U.S., his likeness has been licensed to over 250 companies
|
|
for over 400 products. His namesake has been adopted by the
|
|
business world to describe a way to defend against a hostile
|
|
takeover (the defending company swallows up the larger company
|
|
instead in a move known as the “Pac-Man defense”).
|
|
There is even an upright </span
|
|
><i>Pac-Man</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>machine on display at the Smithsonian Institution in
|
|
Washington, D.C.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="arcade-pacman2.png"
|
|
name="graphics74"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="184"
|
|
height="180"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Interest in the original coin-op title has never completely
|
|
faded. Thanks to Namco's re-release of
|
|
</font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Pac-Man</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>and other arcade classics for modern home consoles, new
|
|
generations of Pac-addicts have worn their hands out playing a
|
|
game often older than themselves. Many classic titles are also
|
|
kept alive thanks to the advent of high-quality arcade emulators
|
|
available for the home computer (like MAME) that use a software
|
|
copy of the arcade ROM chips to recreate the game with 100%
|
|
accuracy. Several web pages with information about the original
|
|
</font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Pac-Man</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>arcade game can be found online including
|
|
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacman">Wikipedia</a> and
|
|
the
|
|
<a href="http://www.klov.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10816"
|
|
>Killer List Of Video Games</a
|
|
>.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Chapter_2"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics11"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">CHAPTER 2:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="strawberry.png"
|
|
name="graphics61"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Gameplay Details
|
|
<img
|
|
src="strawberry.png"
|
|
name="graphics85"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics86"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
“<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><i
|
|
>As Pac-Man was originally conceived to appeal to women
|
|
players, it is a very easy and approachable game. I believe
|
|
that is an ingredient in the longevity of the
|
|
game.”—Toru Iwatani, creator of Pac-Man</i
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH2_The_Basics"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>The Basics</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="lvl1.png"
|
|
name="graphics13"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="336"
|
|
height="432"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The premise of <i>Pac-Man</i> is delightfully simple: using a
|
|
four-way joystick, the player guides Pac-Man—up, down, left,
|
|
and right—through a maze filled with dots for him to gobble
|
|
up. Four ghost monsters are also in the maze and chase after our
|
|
hero, trying to capture and kill him. The goal is to clear the
|
|
maze of dots while avoiding the deadly ghosts. Each round starts
|
|
with the ghosts in the “monster pen” at the center of
|
|
the maze, emerging from it to join in the chase. If Pac-Man is
|
|
captured by a ghost, a life is lost, the ghosts are returned to
|
|
their pen, and a new Pac-Man is placed at the starting position
|
|
before play continues. When the maze is cleared of all dots, the
|
|
board is reset, and a new round begins. If Pac-Man gets caught by
|
|
a ghost when he has no extra lives, the game is over.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>There are 244 dots in the maze, and Pac-Man must eat them all in
|
|
order to proceed to the next round. The 240 small dots are worth
|
|
ten points each, and the four large, flashing dots—best
|
|
known as <i>energizers</i>—are worth 50 points each. This
|
|
yields a total of 2,600 points for clearing the maze of dots each
|
|
round. Players have two ways to increase their score beyond what
|
|
is earned from eating dots:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The first way to increase your score each round is by turning the
|
|
tables on your enemies by making them your prey. Whenever Pac-Man
|
|
eats one of the four energizer dots located in the corners of the
|
|
maze, the ghosts reverse their direction and, in early levels,
|
|
turn the same shade of blue for a short period of time before
|
|
returning to normal. While blue, they are vulnerable to Pac-Man
|
|
and can be gobbled up for extra points providing they are caught
|
|
before the time expires. After being eaten, a ghost's eyes will
|
|
return to the monster pen where it is resurrected, exiting to
|
|
chase Pac-Man once again. The first ghost captured after an
|
|
energizer has been eaten is always worth 200 points. Each
|
|
additional ghost captured from the same energizer will then be
|
|
worth twice as many points as the one before it—400, 800,
|
|
and 1,600 points, respectively. If all four ghosts are captured at
|
|
all four energizers, an additional 12,000 points can be earned on
|
|
these earlier levels. This should not prove too terribly difficult
|
|
to achieve for the first few rounds as the ghosts initially remain
|
|
blue for several seconds. Soon after, however, the ghosts'
|
|
“blue time” will get reduced to one or two seconds at
|
|
the most, making it much more problematic to capture all four
|
|
before time runs out on these boards. By level 19, the ghosts stop
|
|
turning blue altogether and can no longer be eaten for additional
|
|
points.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The second way to increase your score each round is by eating the </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>bonus symbols</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">(commonly known as </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>fruit</i></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>) that appear directly below the monster pen twice each round for
|
|
additional points. The first bonus fruit appears after 70 dots
|
|
have been cleared from the maze; the second one appears after 170
|
|
dots are cleared. Each fruit is worth anywhere from 100 to 5,000
|
|
points, depending on what level the player is currently on.
|
|
Whenever a fruit appears, the amount of time it stays on the
|
|
screen before disappearing is always between nine and ten seconds.
|
|
The </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>exact</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>duration (i.e., 9.3333 seconds, 10.0 seconds, 9.75 seconds, etc.)
|
|
is variable and </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal"
|
|
>does not become predictable</span
|
|
></span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>with the use of patterns. In other words, executing the </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>same</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">pattern on the </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>same</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>level twice is no guarantee for how long the bonus fruit will
|
|
stay onscreen each time. This usually goes unnoticed given that
|
|
the majority of patterns are designed to eat the bonus fruit as
|
|
quickly as possible after it has been triggered to appear. The
|
|
symbols used for the last six rounds completed, plus the current
|
|
round are also shown along the bottom edge of the screen (often
|
|
called the fruit counter or level counter). See </font
|
|
><a href="#LvlSpecs"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>Table A.1</i></font></a
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>in the appendices for all bonus fruit and scoring values, per
|
|
level.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Modus_Operandi"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Modus Operandi</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Ghosts have three mutually-exclusive modes of behavior they can
|
|
be in during play: <i>chase</i>, <i>scatter</i>, and
|
|
<i>frightened</i>. Each mode has a different objective/goal to be
|
|
carried out:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>CHASE</b></font
|
|
>—A ghost's objective in <i>chase </i>mode is to find
|
|
and capture Pac-Man by hunting him down through the maze. Each
|
|
ghost exhibits unique behavior when chasing Pac-Man, giving
|
|
them their different personalities: Blinky (red) is very
|
|
aggressive and hard to shake once he gets behind you, Pinky
|
|
(pink) tends to get in front of you and cut you off, Inky
|
|
(light blue) is the least predictable of the bunch, and Clyde
|
|
(orange) seems to do his own thing and stay out of the
|
|
way.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>SCATTER</b></font
|
|
>—In <i>scatter </i>mode, the ghosts give up the chase
|
|
for a few seconds and head for their respective home corners.
|
|
It is a welcome but brief rest—soon enough, they will
|
|
revert to chase mode and be after Pac-Man again.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>FRIGHTENED</b></font
|
|
>—Ghosts enter <i>frightened </i>mode whenever Pac-Man
|
|
eats one of the four energizers located in the far corners of
|
|
the maze. During the early levels, the ghosts will all turn
|
|
dark blue (meaning they are vulnerable) and aimlessly wander
|
|
the maze for a few seconds. They will flash moments before
|
|
returning to their previous mode of behavior.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Reversal_of_Fortune"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Reversal Of Fortune</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="ghost_blue.png"
|
|
name="graphics46"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="100"
|
|
height="91"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>In all three modes of behavior, the ghosts are prohibited from
|
|
reversing their direction of travel. As such, they can only choose
|
|
between continuing on their current course or turning off to one
|
|
side or the other at the next intersection. Thus, once a ghost
|
|
chooses which way to go at a maze intersection, it has no option
|
|
but to continue forward on that path until the next intersection
|
|
is reached. Of course, if you've spent any time playing
|
|
<i>Pac-Man</i>, you already know the ghosts <i>will</i> reverse
|
|
direction at certain times. But how can this be if they are
|
|
expressly prohibited from doing so on their own? The answer is:
|
|
when changing modes, the system can override the ghosts' normal
|
|
behavior, forcing them to go the opposite way. Whenever this
|
|
happens, it is a visual indicator of their behavior changing from
|
|
one mode to another. Ghosts are forced to reverse direction by the
|
|
system anytime the mode changes from: chase-to-scatter,
|
|
chase-to-frightened, scatter-to-chase, and scatter-to-frightened.
|
|
Ghosts do not reverse direction when changing back from frightened
|
|
to chase or scatter modes.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>When the system forces the ghosts to reverse course, they do not
|
|
necessarily change direction simultaneously; some ghosts may
|
|
continue forward for a fraction of a second before turning around.
|
|
The delay between when the system signals a reversal and when a
|
|
ghost actually responds depends on how long it takes the ghost to
|
|
enter the next game tile along its present course after the
|
|
reversal signal is given (more on tiles in Chapter 3). Once the
|
|
ghost enters a new tile, it will obey the reversal signal and turn
|
|
around.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Scatter_Chase_Repeat"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Scatter, Chase, Repeat...</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Ghosts alternate between scatter and chase modes during gameplay
|
|
at predetermined intervals. These mode changes are easy to spot as
|
|
the ghosts reverse direction when they occur. Scatter modes happen
|
|
four times per level before the ghosts stay in chase mode
|
|
indefinitely. Good players will take full advantage of the scatter
|
|
periods by using the brief moment when the ghosts are not chasing
|
|
Pac-Man to clear dots from the more dangerous areas of the maze.
|
|
The scatter/chase timer gets reset whenever a life is lost or a
|
|
level is completed. At the start of a level or after losing a
|
|
life, ghosts emerge from the ghost pen already in the first of the
|
|
four scatter modes.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="pacman1.png"
|
|
name="graphics45"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="100"
|
|
height="96"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>For the first four levels, the first two scatter periods last for
|
|
seven seconds each. They change to five seconds each for level
|
|
five and beyond. The third scatter mode is always set to five
|
|
seconds. The fourth scatter period lasts for five seconds on level
|
|
one, but then is only 1/60<sup>th</sup> of a second for the rest
|
|
of play. When this occurs, it appears as a simple reversal of
|
|
direction by the ghosts. The first and second chase periods last
|
|
for 20 seconds each. The third chase period is 20 seconds on level
|
|
one but then balloons to 1,033 seconds for levels two through
|
|
four, and 1,037 seconds for all levels beyond—lasting over
|
|
17 minutes! If the ghosts enter frightened mode, the scatter/chase
|
|
timer is paused. When time runs out, they return to the mode they
|
|
were in before being frightened and the scatter/chase timer
|
|
resumes. This information is summarized in the following table
|
|
(all values are in seconds):</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="264"
|
|
border="1"
|
|
BORDERCOLOR="#000000"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="
|
|
page-break-after: avoid;
|
|
page-break-inside: avoid;
|
|
"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="47" />
|
|
<col width="53" />
|
|
<col width="71" />
|
|
<col width="59" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>Mode</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>Level 1</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>Levels 2–4</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>Levels 5+</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Scatter</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>7</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>7</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>5</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Chase</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Scatter</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>7</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>7</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>5</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Chase</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Scatter</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>5</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>5</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>5</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Chase</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>1033</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>1037</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Scatter</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>5</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>1/60</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>1/60</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>Chase</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>indefinite</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="71" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>indefinite</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>indefinite</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Frightening_Behavior"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Frightening Behavior</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Whenever Pac-Man eats one of the four energizer dots located near
|
|
the corners of the board, the ghosts reverse direction and, on
|
|
earlier levels, go into </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>frightened</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>mode for a short period of time. When frightened, the ghosts all
|
|
turn the same shade of dark blue and move more slowly than normal.
|
|
They wander aimlessly through the maze and flash white briefly as
|
|
a warning before returning to their previous mode of behavior.
|
|
Ghosts use a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) to pick a way
|
|
to turn at each intersection when frightened. The PRNG generates
|
|
an pseudo-random memory address to read the last few bits from.
|
|
These bits are translated into the direction a frightened ghost
|
|
must first try. If the selected direction is not blocked by a wall
|
|
or opposite the ghost's current direction of travel, it is
|
|
accepted. Otherwise, the code proceeds in a clockwise fashion to
|
|
the next possible direction and tries again, repeating this test
|
|
until an acceptable direction is found. The PRNG gets reset with
|
|
the same intial seed value at the start of each new level and
|
|
whenever a life is lost. This results in frightened ghosts always
|
|
choosing the same paths when executing patterns during play. As
|
|
the levels progress, the time ghosts spend in frightened mode
|
|
grows shorter until eventually they no longer turn blue at all
|
|
(they still reverse direction, however). Refer to </font
|
|
><a href="#LvlSpecs"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>Table A.1</i></font></a
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>in the appendices for the frightened time in seconds and number
|
|
of flashes, per level.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Speed"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The game starts with Pac-Man at 80% of his maximum speed. By the
|
|
fifth level, Pac-Man is moving at full speed and will continue to
|
|
do so until the 21</font
|
|
><sup><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">st</font></sup>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>level. At that point, he slows back down to 90% and holds this
|
|
speed for the remainder of the game. Every time Pac-Man eats a
|
|
regular dot, he stops moving for one frame (1/60</font
|
|
><sup><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">th</font></sup>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>of a second), slowing his progress by roughly ten
|
|
percent—just enough for a following ghost to overtake him.
|
|
Eating an energizer dot causes Pac-Man to stop moving for three
|
|
frames. The normal speed maintained by the ghosts is a little
|
|
slower than Pac-Man's until the 21</font
|
|
><sup><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">st</font></sup>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>level when they start moving faster than he does. If a ghost
|
|
enters a side tunnel, however, its speed is cut nearly in half.
|
|
When frightened, ghosts move at a much slower rate of speed than
|
|
normal and, for levels one through four, Pac-Man also speeds up.
|
|
The table below summarizes the speed data for both Pac-Man and the
|
|
ghosts, per level. This information is also contained in </font
|
|
><a href="#LvlSpecs"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>Table A.1</i></font></a
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">in the appendices.</font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="436"
|
|
border="1"
|
|
BORDERCOLOR="#000000"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="42" />
|
|
<col width="37" />
|
|
<col width="49" />
|
|
<col width="52" />
|
|
<col width="45" />
|
|
<col width="40" />
|
|
<col width="53" />
|
|
<col width="52" />
|
|
<tr valign="BOTTOM">
|
|
<td width="42">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="background: transparent">
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="4" width="207" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><b>PAC-MAN SPEED</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="3" width="161" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><b>GHOST SPEED</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="BOTTOM">
|
|
<td width="42" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>LEVEL</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="37" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>NORM</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>NORM DOTS</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>FRIGHT</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>FRIGHT DOTS</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="40" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>NORM</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>FRIGHT</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
><b>TUNNEL</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="42" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>1</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="37" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>80%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>~71%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>90%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>~79%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="40" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>75%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>50%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>40%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="42" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>2 – 4</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="37" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>90%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>~79%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>95%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>~83%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="40" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>85%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>55%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>45%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="42" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>5 – 20</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="37" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>100%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>~87%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>100%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>~87%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="40" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>95%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>60%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>50%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="42" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>21+</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="37" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>90%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>~79%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffff00">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="40" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>95%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="53" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffd320">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2" style="font-size: 9pt"
|
|
>50%</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Cornering"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Cornering</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Pac-Man is able to navigate the turns in the maze faster than his
|
|
enemies. He does not have to wait until he reaches the middle of a
|
|
turn to change direction as the ghosts do (see picture below).
|
|
Instead, he may start turning several pixels before he reaches the
|
|
center of a turn and for several pixels after passing it. Turns
|
|
taken one or more pixels before reaching the center are
|
|
“pre-turns”; turns taken one or more pixels after are
|
|
“post-turns”. Players learn to consistently move the
|
|
joystick in the direction Pac-Man should go well before arriving
|
|
at the center of a turn, ensuring each pre-turn is started as many
|
|
pixels away from center as possible. This technique is known as
|
|
<i>cornering</i> and is one of the first skills a new
|
|
<i>Pac-Man</i> player should master. For every successful pre-turn
|
|
maneuver, Pac-Man puts a little more distance between himself and
|
|
any ghosts following close behind. Such a small gain in distance
|
|
may not seem terribly significant at first, but cornering through
|
|
a quick series of turns will shake off even the most determined
|
|
pursuer. It is a vital tool for survival in the higher levels of
|
|
the game.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Cornering.png"
|
|
name="graphics14"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="441"
|
|
height="248"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Whenever Pac-Man makes a pre-turn or post-turn, his orientation
|
|
changes, and he starts to move one pixel in his new direction for
|
|
every pixel traveled in his old direction, effectively doubling
|
|
his speed as he moves at a 45 degree angle. Once he reaches the
|
|
centerline of the new direction's path, he starts moving purely in
|
|
that direction and his speed returns to normal. The greatest
|
|
distance advantage is thereby gained by making the earliest
|
|
pre-turn possible. The illustration below shows the layout of
|
|
pre-turn pixels (shown in green), center point pixels (shown in
|
|
yellow), and post-turn pixels (shown in red) for each of the four
|
|
possible directions a turn can be approached. Each example shows
|
|
Pac-Man entering the same four-way intersection from a different
|
|
direction. When entering from the left, there are three pre-turn
|
|
pixels before the center of the turn, and four post-turn pixels.
|
|
Conversely, entering the same intersection from the right yields
|
|
four pre-turn pixels and three post-turn ones. Entering from the
|
|
top as opposed to the bottom exhibits the same property. For any
|
|
turn that is made later than the earliest possible pre-turn,
|
|
Pac-Man will be one frame behind where he would be for every pixel
|
|
of “lateness” in the turn. Basically, it pays to move
|
|
the joystick well before reaching a turn to maximize your
|
|
speed.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="cornering_example2.png"
|
|
name="graphics109"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="630"
|
|
height="615"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Turning at the earliest pre-turns possible is also required to
|
|
successfully execute most any pattern. Patterns are meant to be
|
|
played with perfect cornering because it removes the human element
|
|
of uncertainty as to when Pac-Man will turn. Without cornering, it
|
|
would be nigh-impossible to reproduce the exact timing of every
|
|
turn as made by the pattern's author, thereby increasing the
|
|
possibility of unpredictable ghost behavior due to Pac-Man not
|
|
being in the exact same tile at the exact same time anymore.
|
|
Typically, the most popular patterns have been those that tend to
|
|
“hold together” well when small input timing flaws
|
|
occur (turning three pixels away from center instead of four when
|
|
approaching a turn from the right is a timing flaw, for example).
|
|
Other patterns—especially those that bring Pac-Man very
|
|
close to the ghosts late in the sequence—tend to “fall
|
|
apart” unless every turn is perfectly cornered. During a
|
|
long <i>Pac-Man </i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>session, even the best players will make occasional timing
|
|
mistakes during a fast series of turns and have to deal with the
|
|
possible consequences. As such, one should aim for perfect
|
|
cornering at all times but remain alert for unexpected ghost
|
|
behavior from subtle input timing flaws creeping into the
|
|
pattern.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Home_Sweet_Home"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Home Sweet Home</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="StartPositions.png"
|
|
name="graphics15"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="194"
|
|
height="190"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Commonly referred to as the <i>ghost house</i> or
|
|
<i>monster pen</i>, this cordoned-off area in the center of the
|
|
maze is the domain of the four ghosts and off-limits to Pac-Man.
|
|
Whenever a level is completed or a life is lost, the ghosts are
|
|
returned to their starting positions in and around the ghost house
|
|
before play continues—Blinky is always located just above
|
|
and outside, while the other three are placed inside: Inky on the
|
|
left, Pinky in the middle, and Clyde on the right. The pink door
|
|
on top is used by the ghosts to enter or exit the house. Once a
|
|
ghost leaves, however, it cannot reenter unless it is first
|
|
captured by Pac-Man—then the disembodied eyes can return
|
|
home to be revived. Since Blinky is already on the outside after a
|
|
level is completed or a life is lost, the only time he can get
|
|
inside the ghost house is after Pac-Man captures him, and he
|
|
immediately turns around to leave once revived. That's about all
|
|
there is to know about Blinky's behavior in terms of the ghost
|
|
house, but determining when the other three ghosts leave home is
|
|
an involved process based on several variables and conditions. The
|
|
rest of this section will deal with them exclusively. Accordingly,
|
|
any mention of “the ghosts” below refers to Pinky,
|
|
Inky, and Clyde, but not Blinky.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The first control used to evaluate when the ghosts leave home is
|
|
a personal counter each ghost retains for tracking the number of
|
|
dots Pac-Man eats. Each ghost's “dot counter” is reset
|
|
to zero when a level begins and can only be active when inside the
|
|
ghost house, but only one ghost's counter can be active at any
|
|
given time regardless of how many ghosts are inside. The order of
|
|
preference for choosing which ghost's counter to activate is:
|
|
Pinky, then Inky, and then Clyde. For every dot Pac-Man eats, the
|
|
preferred ghost in the house (if any) gets its dot counter
|
|
increased by one. Each ghost also has a “dot limit”
|
|
associated with his counter, per level. If the preferred ghost
|
|
reaches or exceeds his dot limit, it immediately exits the house
|
|
and its dot counter is deactivated (but not reset). The
|
|
most-preferred ghost still waiting inside the house (if any)
|
|
activates its timer at this point and begins counting dots.
|
|
</font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Pinky's dot limit is always set to zero, causing him to leave
|
|
home immediately when every level begins. For the first level,
|
|
Inky has a limit of 30 dots, and Clyde has a limit of 60. This
|
|
results in Pinky exiting immediately which, in turn, activates
|
|
Inky's dot counter. His counter must then reach or exceed 30 dots
|
|
before he can leave the house. Once Inky starts to leave, Clyde's
|
|
counter (which is still at zero) is activated and starts counting
|
|
dots. When his counter reaches or exceeds 60, he may exit. On the
|
|
second level, Inky's dot limit is changed from 30 to zero, while
|
|
Clyde's is changed from 60 to 50. Inky will exit the house as soon
|
|
as the level begins from now on. Starting at level three, all the
|
|
ghosts have a dot limit of zero for the remainder of the game and
|
|
will leave the ghost house immediately at the start of every
|
|
level.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Whenever a life is lost, the system disables (but does not reset)
|
|
the ghosts' individual dot counters and uses a global dot counter
|
|
instead. This counter is enabled and reset to zero after a life is
|
|
lost, counting the number of dots eaten from that point forward.
|
|
The three ghosts inside the house must wait for this special
|
|
counter to tell them when to leave. Pinky is released when the
|
|
counter value is equal to 7 and Inky is released when it equals
|
|
17. The only way to deactivate the counter is for Clyde to be
|
|
inside the house when the counter equals 32; otherwise, it will
|
|
keep counting dots even after the ghost house is empty. If Clyde
|
|
<i>is</i> present at the appropriate time, the global counter is
|
|
reset to zero and deactivated, and the ghosts' personal dot limits
|
|
are re-enabled and used as before for determining when to leave
|
|
the house (including Clyde who is still in the house at this
|
|
time).</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>If dot counters were the only control, Pac-Man could simply stop
|
|
eating dots early on and keep the ghosts trapped inside the house
|
|
forever. Consequently, a separate timer control was implemented to
|
|
handle this case by tracking the amount of time elapsed since
|
|
Pac-Man has last eaten a dot. This timer is always running but
|
|
gets reset to zero each time a dot is eaten. Anytime Pac-Man
|
|
avoids eating dots long enough for the timer to reach its limit,
|
|
the most-preferred ghost waiting in the ghost house (if any) is
|
|
forced to leave immediately, and the timer is reset to zero. The
|
|
same order of preference described above is used by this control
|
|
as well. The game begins with an initial timer limit of four
|
|
seconds, but lowers to it to three seconds starting with level
|
|
five.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The more astute reader may have already noticed there is subtle
|
|
flaw in this system resulting in a way to keep Pinky, Inky, and
|
|
Clyde inside the ghost house for a very long time after eating
|
|
them. The trick involves having to sacrifice a life in order to
|
|
reset and enable the global dot counter, and then making sure
|
|
Clyde exits the house <i>before</i> that counter is equal to 32.
|
|
This is accomplished by avoiding eating dots and waiting for the
|
|
timer limit to force Clyde out. Once Clyde is moving for the exit,
|
|
start eating dots again until at least 32 dots have been consumed
|
|
since the life was lost. Now head for an energizer and gobble up
|
|
some ghosts. Blinky will leave the house immediately as usual, but
|
|
the other three ghosts will remain “stuck” inside as
|
|
long as Pac-Man continues eating dots with sufficient frequency as
|
|
not to trigger the control timer. Why does this happen? The key
|
|
lies in how the global dot counter works—it cannot be
|
|
deactivated if Clyde is outside the house when the counter has a
|
|
value of 32. By letting the timer force Clyde out before 32 dots
|
|
are eaten, the global dot counter will keep counting dots instead
|
|
of deactivating when it reaches 32. Now when the ghosts are eaten
|
|
by Pac-Man and return home, they will still be using the global
|
|
dot counter to determine when to leave. As previously described,
|
|
however, this counter's logic only checks for three values: 7, 17,
|
|
and 32, and once those numbers are exceeded, the counter has no
|
|
way to release the ghosts associated with them. The only control
|
|
left to release the ghosts is the timer which can be easily
|
|
avoided by eating a dot every so often to reset it. Click on the
|
|
YouTube video below to see a demonstration of this curious
|
|
behavior:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<embed
|
|
src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GI_kHYAUZOU&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"
|
|
type="application/x-shockwave-flash"
|
|
NAME="Object1"
|
|
ALIGN="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="425"
|
|
height="344"
|
|
allowscriptaccess="always"
|
|
allowfullscreen="true"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The last thing to mention about the ghost house is how to
|
|
determine whether a ghost will move right or left after exiting
|
|
the home. Ghosts typically move to the left once they get outside,
|
|
but if the system changes modes one or more times when a ghost is
|
|
inside, that ghost will move to the right instead of the left upon
|
|
leaving the house.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH2_Areas_To_Exploit"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Areas To Exploit</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="exploit.png"
|
|
name="graphics17"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="336"
|
|
height="372"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The illustration above highlights four special
|
|
“zones” in the maze where ghost behavior is limited by
|
|
certain conditions which can be exploited to the player's
|
|
advantage. The two red zones represent the areas where ghosts are
|
|
forbidden to make upward turns. Once a ghost enters either of
|
|
these two zones, it may only travel from right-to-left or
|
|
left-to-right until exiting the area. Thus, only Pac-Man has
|
|
access to these four, upward-facing tunnel entrances. It will
|
|
serve the player well to remember the ghosts can still access
|
|
these tunnels from the other end! The red zone restrictions are
|
|
enforced during both scatter and chase modes, but in frightened
|
|
mode the red zones are ignored temporarily, allowing the ghosts to
|
|
turn upwards if they so choose. The pink zones are in the two
|
|
halves of the connecting side-tunnel. As mentioned previously, any
|
|
ghost that enters the tunnel will suffer an immediate speed
|
|
penalty until leaving the zone. This slow-down rule is always
|
|
enforced and applies to ghosts only—Pac-Man is immune.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Chapter_3"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics16"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">CHAPTER 3: </font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="peach.png"
|
|
name="graphics62"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Maze Logic 101
|
|
<img
|
|
src="peach.png"
|
|
name="graphics88"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics87"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>We need to take a look at how ghosts are able to move through the
|
|
maze in pursuit of a goal. All pathfinding logic described in this
|
|
chapter is shared by the four ghosts—it is important to
|
|
understand what they have in common before we get into what makes
|
|
them different.
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>Before we proceed, let's see how the game tracks the location
|
|
of Pac-Man and the four ghosts (herein referred to as </span
|
|
><i>actors </i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>for brevity's sake). The visible game screen should be thought
|
|
of as a regular grid of tiles, each eight pixels square. The
|
|
actual pixel dimensions of the screen are 224 x 288, so dividing
|
|
each value by eight yields a grid that is 28 x 36 tiles in
|
|
size:</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Tiles.png"
|
|
name="graphics19"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="448"
|
|
height="576"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Each tile is either in legal space or dead space. In the picture
|
|
above, legal space is shown as the gray-colored tiles; all other
|
|
tiles are considered dead space. Actors only travel between the
|
|
tiles in legal space. Each dot sits in the center of a tile,
|
|
meaning they are exactly eight pixels (one tile) apart—this
|
|
is useful for estimating distances during gameplay.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH3_What_Tile_Am_I_In"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>What Tile Am I In?</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>As the actors move through the maze, the game keeps track of the
|
|
tile each one occupies. An actor is only associated with a single
|
|
tile at a time, although its graphic will overlap into the
|
|
surrounding tiles. The location of the actor's center point is
|
|
what determines the tile it occupies at any given time. As the
|
|
actors can move at pixel-level precision, they are often not
|
|
centered directly on top of the tile they are in. Consider the
|
|
following example:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="TileMove2.png"
|
|
name="graphics20"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="620"
|
|
height="300"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The transparent red ghost is moving left-to-right across a row of
|
|
tiles in legal space. In frame one, its occupied tile (shown in
|
|
bright red) is near the left side of the picture. It does not
|
|
matter that some of the ghost's graphic is not in the
|
|
tile—what matters is that the ghost's center point
|
|
<i>is</i> in the tile. By frame two, it has moved far enough for
|
|
its center point to be in the adjacent tile to the right and its
|
|
occupied tile is updated accordingly. The ghost continues to be
|
|
associated with the same tile until frame six where its center
|
|
point has now crossed over into the next one.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The underlying concept of tiles is essential for understanding
|
|
the ghosts' pathfinding logic as it only cares
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>about the tile an actor occupies—not its per-pixel
|
|
location within that tile. To the logic routines, the five
|
|
actors look very much like the picture below. Each actor is
|
|
defined by the tile it presently occupies along with its current
|
|
direction of travel. Distances between actors are also measured
|
|
in tiles (the pink ghost is five tiles away from Pac-Man
|
|
horizontally and one tile away vertically, for example).</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="TileGame.png"
|
|
name="graphics21"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="288"
|
|
height="360"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"><b>Back</b></span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH3_Just_Passing_Through"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Just Passing Through</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>It wasn't too long after the release of <i>Pac-Man</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal">when</span> word began to spread
|
|
of players occasionally passing straight through a ghost unharmed,
|
|
seemingly at random. This rumor turned out to be completely true
|
|
as most die-hard <i>Pac-Man</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>players can attest. If you play the game long enough, you will
|
|
eventually see Pac-Man run into one of the ghosts and come out
|
|
unscathed on the other side—it doesn't happen very often
|
|
so enjoy it when it does! Some players have even gone so far as
|
|
to incorporate this mysterious pass-through oddity into their
|
|
patterns.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The root cause of this elusive peculiarity lies in the way the
|
|
game detects collisions between Pac-Man and the four ghosts. Any
|
|
time Pac-Man occupies the same tile as a ghost, he is considered
|
|
to have collided with that ghost and a life is lost. It is
|
|
irrelevant whether the ghost moved into Pac-Man's tile or Pac-Man
|
|
into the ghost's—the result is the same either way. This
|
|
logic proves sufficient for handling collisions more than 99% of
|
|
the time during gameplay, but does not account for one very
|
|
special case:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="PassthruBug.png"
|
|
name="graphics22"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="507"
|
|
height="263"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The above picture illustrates the conditions necessary to produce
|
|
this curious behavior. There are five consecutive frames showing
|
|
Blinky and Pac-Man passing through each other. Below each frame is
|
|
the same scene represented by the tiles they currently occupy and
|
|
the per-pixel location of their center points. Pac-Man and Blinky
|
|
are at just the right position and speed relative to one another
|
|
to cause them to swap tiles with each other simultaneously. In
|
|
other words, Pac-Man's center point moves upwards into Blinky's
|
|
tile in the same 1/60<sup>th</sup> of a second that Blinky's
|
|
center point moves downwards into Pac-Man's tile, resulting in
|
|
them moving past each other without colliding. Note that Pac-Man's
|
|
origin point is centered on the top edge of his tile in frame
|
|
four; this is still considered to be inside the bottom tile, but
|
|
moving up one more pixel will push him over the edge into the next
|
|
one. Pac-Man and Blinky have now swapped tiles with each other in
|
|
frame five, and Pac-Man can go on his merry way because he never
|
|
“collided” (i.e., shared the same tile) with Blinky at
|
|
all! Click on the YouTube video below to see an example of the
|
|
pass-through bug (it happens 40 seconds after playback
|
|
begins):</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<embed
|
|
src="http://www.youtube.com/v/VbzW6iNDx9U&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"
|
|
type="application/x-shockwave-flash"
|
|
NAME="Object2"
|
|
ALIGN="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="425"
|
|
height="344"
|
|
allowscriptaccess="always"
|
|
allowfullscreen="true"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"><b>Back</b></span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH3_Target_Tiles"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Target Tiles</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Whenever a <span STYLE="font-style: normal">ghost</span> is in
|
|
chase or scatter mode, it is trying to reach a
|
|
<i>target tile</i> somewhere on (or off) the screen. A target tile
|
|
is merely a way to describe the tile a ghost would like to occupy
|
|
at any given moment. This tile can be fixed in place or change
|
|
location frequently. Whenever the
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal">ghosts</span> scatter to the
|
|
corners of the maze, for example, each ghost is striving to reach
|
|
a fixed target tile located somewhere near its home corner. In
|
|
chase mode, the target tile is usually (but not always) related to
|
|
Pac-Man's current tile which changes often. Although it may not be
|
|
obvious at first, the only difference between chase and scatter
|
|
mode to a ghost is where its target tile is located. The same
|
|
pathfinding logic applies in either case.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"><b>Back</b></span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH3_Looking_Ahead"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Looking Ahead</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Ghosts are always thinking one step into the future as they move
|
|
through the maze. Whenever a ghost enters a new tile, it looks
|
|
ahead to the next tile along its current direction of travel and
|
|
decides which way it will go when it gets there. When it
|
|
eventually reaches that tile, it will change its direction of
|
|
travel to whatever it had decided on a tile beforehand. The
|
|
process is then repeated, looking ahead into the next tile along
|
|
its new direction of travel and making its next decision on which
|
|
way to go.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>When a ghost looks ahead into the upcoming tile, it must examine
|
|
the possible exits from that tile to determine a way to proceed.
|
|
In the picture below, the red ghost has just arrived at tile A and
|
|
is moving right-to-left. It immediately looks ahead to tile B (the
|
|
next tile along its direction of travel). Each tile has four
|
|
potential exits to be considered: right, left, up, and down. In
|
|
the case of tile B, the up and down exits are blocked by walls and
|
|
must be discarded as potential candidates. The right exit is also
|
|
discounted because it would only take the ghost back to tile A
|
|
again, and ghosts never voluntarily reverse direction. With three
|
|
of the four possible exits eliminated from tile B, moving left is
|
|
the only remaining choice.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="AISimple2.png"
|
|
name="graphics23"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="192"
|
|
height="128"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>This example is the most simple to explain as the ghost has but
|
|
one way it can legally move. As such, we did not have to worry
|
|
about where its target tile was located. The majority of game
|
|
tiles in legal space are similar to this one, but things get more
|
|
interesting when a ghost approaches a tile with more potential
|
|
exits to choose from.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"><b>Back</b></span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH3_Intersections"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Intersections</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>When a ghost arrives one tile away from an upcoming intersection,
|
|
it must choose between several possible directions in which to
|
|
proceed. Consider the following example:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="IntersectALL.png"
|
|
name="graphics24"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="672"
|
|
height="160"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>In the first picture, the red ghost has just reached tile A and
|
|
is seeking its target (shown as the green tile). It immediately
|
|
looks ahead to the subsequent tile along its present direction of
|
|
travel (up). In this case, that tile is a four-way intersection.
|
|
As this intersection tile has no walls blocking off any of the
|
|
exits, the ghost can only discard his reverse direction (down),
|
|
leaving three exits open for travel. It looks
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>one tile beyond the intersection in each of the three remaining
|
|
directions,</span
|
|
>
|
|
collecting “test tiles” (shown as the tiles with
|
|
dashed, white lines). In the middle picture, the ghost
|
|
triangulates the distance from each of these test tiles to its
|
|
target tile. Whichever direction's test tile has the shortest
|
|
distance to the target becomes the direction the ghost will take
|
|
upon reaching the intersection tile. In this case, the right test
|
|
tile has the shortest distance to the target, and the ghost
|
|
updates its chosen direction for the intersection tile
|
|
accordingly.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal"
|
|
>Sometimes a ghost is presented with two or more test tiles that
|
|
have the same distance to the target tile. In the example below,
|
|
the red ghost must choose between moving down or left at the
|
|
upcoming intersection tile. Unfortunately, both test tiles have
|
|
the same distance to the target (bottom left). To break the tie,
|
|
the ghost prefers directions in this order: </span
|
|
><i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal"
|
|
>up, left, down, right</span
|
|
></i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal"
|
|
>. Up is the most preferred direction; right is the least.
|
|
Therefore, the ghost chooses to go left at the intersection
|
|
because left precedes down in the preference list. Although it
|
|
may seem obvious to a person that going down was the better
|
|
choice to reach the target, ghosts are not that smart. They
|
|
cannot see more than a few tiles ahead and, as a consequence,
|
|
cannot recognize the disparity between these two options.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="TieBreakALL.png"
|
|
name="graphics25"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="605"
|
|
height="192"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"><b>Back</b></span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="page-break-before: always">
|
|
<a name="CH3_Fixed_Target_Tiles"></a>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Fixed Target Tiles</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Each ghost has a fixed target tile it tries to reach while in
|
|
scatter mode. The picture below shows the physical location of the
|
|
scatter mode targets used by each ghost (matched to each ghost's
|
|
color scheme). Notice each target tile is in dead space above or
|
|
below the actual maze making them impossible for the ghosts to
|
|
reach. This results in each ghost heading toward the corner of the
|
|
maze nearest its respective scatter target and then making circles
|
|
around this area until another mode change occurs. That's all
|
|
scatter mode really is. The only reason a ghost has a
|
|
“favorite corner” of the maze at all is due to the
|
|
location of a fixed target tile it will never reach.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>An additional fixed target tile is employed whenever a ghost is
|
|
eaten by Pac-Man and its disembodied eyes need to return to the
|
|
ghost house in the center of the maze. This target is located
|
|
directly above the left side of the “door” to the
|
|
ghost house and is shown in the picture below as the green
|
|
tile.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Scatter.png"
|
|
name="graphics26"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="448"
|
|
height="592"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"><b>Back</b></span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
<!--
|
|
google_ad_client = "ca-pub-4297265216414705";
|
|
/* Dossier Ad 02 */
|
|
google_ad_slot = "3644115495";
|
|
google_ad_width = 728;
|
|
google_ad_height = 90;
|
|
//-->
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script
|
|
type="text/javascript"
|
|
src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"
|
|
></script>
|
|
<br /><br />
|
|
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Chapter_4"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics27"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">CHAPTER 4:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="peach.png"
|
|
name="graphics63"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Meet The Ghosts
|
|
<img
|
|
src="peach.png"
|
|
name="graphics89"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics90"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
“<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><i
|
|
>First, you've got to learn how to control the monsters. See
|
|
how the red, pink and blue are grouped together? It's easier
|
|
to control two monsters than four monsters.”—Chris
|
|
Ayra, champion Pac-Man player</i
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>In the last chapter, we learned how a ghost follows a target tile
|
|
through the maze. Now we will take a closer look at Blinky, Pinky,
|
|
Inky, and Clyde to better understand why they behave so
|
|
differently when in chase mode. They all share the same
|
|
pathfinding logic for chasing a target tile, so how is it each one
|
|
behaves differently when following Pac-Man? The answer is
|
|
delightfully simple:
|
|
<i>Pac-Man's tile is not always the target</i>. Every ghost has a
|
|
distinct method for calculating its target tile in chase mode,
|
|
resulting in their unique personalities. Some of the ghosts use
|
|
Pac-Man's actual tile as the target; others only use it as an
|
|
intermediate step to find another tile. Sometimes a ghost is
|
|
targeting a tile that has absolutely nothing to do with Pac-Man at
|
|
all! Regardless of where a ghost's target tile is at the time,
|
|
Pac-Man will still be killed if he gets in that ghost's way.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Rumor has it Toru Iwatani and his team spent months doing nothing
|
|
but tweaking and refining the ghost A.I. routines before releasing
|
|
Pac-Man to the world. Their efforts show in the final product:
|
|
Itawani's team created the illusion of complex pathfinding by
|
|
using very simple logic and very little code.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><a name="CH4 - Blinky"></a><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<a name="CH4_Blinky"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="blinky2.png"
|
|
name="graphics28"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="104"
|
|
height="121"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4" style="font-size: 16pt"><b>Blinky:</b></font> The
|
|
red ghost's character is aptly described as that of a
|
|
<i>shadow </i>and is best-known as “Blinky”. In Japan,
|
|
his character is represented by the word <i>oikake,</i> which
|
|
means “<i>to run down or pursue”</i>. Blinky seems to
|
|
always be the first of the ghosts to track Pac-Man down in the
|
|
maze. He is by far the most aggressive of the four and will
|
|
doggedly pursue Pac-Man once behind him.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Blinky.png"
|
|
name="graphics32"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="541"
|
|
height="192"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Of all the ghosts' targeting schemes for chase mode, Blinky's is
|
|
the most simple and direct, using Pac-Man's current tile as his
|
|
target. In the pictures above, we can see Blinky's target tile is
|
|
the same as Pac-Man's currently occupied tile. Targeting Pac-Man
|
|
directly in this way results in a very determined and tenacious
|
|
ghost who is tough to shake when he's right behind you.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>All ghosts move at the same rate of speed when a level begins,
|
|
but Blinky will increase his rate of speed twice each round based
|
|
on the number of dots remaining in the maze (if Pac-Man dies this
|
|
is not necessarily true - more on this in a moment). While in this
|
|
accelerated state, Blinky is commonly called “<i
|
|
>Cruise Elroy</i
|
|
>”, yet no one seems to know where this custom was
|
|
originated or what it means. On the first level, for example,
|
|
Blinky becomes Elroy when there are 20 dots remaining in the maze,
|
|
accelerating to be at least as fast as Pac-Man. More importantly,
|
|
his scatter mode behavior is also modified at this time to keep
|
|
targeting Pac-Man's current tile in lieu of his typical fixed
|
|
target tile for any remaining scatter periods in the level (he
|
|
will still reverse direction when entering/exiting a scatter
|
|
period). This results in Elroy continuing to chase Pac-Man while
|
|
the other three ghosts head for their corners as normal. As if
|
|
that weren't bad enough, when only 10 dots remain, Elroy speeds up
|
|
<i>again</i> to the point where he is now moving faster than
|
|
Pac-Man. As the levels progress, Blinky will turn into Elroy with
|
|
more dots remaining in the maze than in previous rounds. Refer to </font
|
|
><a href="#LvlSpecs"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>Table A.1</i></font></a
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>in the appendices for dot counts and speeds for both Elroy
|
|
changes, per level.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Determining when Blinky turns into Elroy can become more
|
|
complicated if Pac-Man is killed. The ghosts and Pac-Man are reset
|
|
to their starting positions whenever a life is lost and, when play
|
|
continues, Blinky's “<i>Cruise Elroy</i>” abilities
|
|
are temporarily suspended until the orange ghost (Clyde) stops
|
|
bouncing up and down inside the ghost house and moves toward the
|
|
door to exit. Until this happens, Blinky's speed and scatter
|
|
behavior will remain normal regardless of the number of dots
|
|
remaining in the maze. Once this temporary restriction is lifted,
|
|
however, Blinky will resume changing his behavior based on the dot
|
|
count.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<a name="CH4_Pinky"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="pinky.png"
|
|
name="graphics29"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="104"
|
|
height="121"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4" style="font-size: 16pt"><b>Pinky:</b></font>
|
|
Nicknamed “Pinky”, the pink ghost's character is
|
|
described as one who is <i>speedy. </i>In Japan, he is
|
|
characterized as <i>machibuse, </i>meaning “<i
|
|
>to perform an ambush”, </i
|
|
>perhaps because Pinky always seems to be able to get ahead of you
|
|
and cut you off when you least expect it. He always moves at the
|
|
same speed as Inky and Clyde, however, which suggests
|
|
<i>speedy</i> is a poor translation of the more appropriate
|
|
<i>machibuse</i>. Pinky and Blinky often seem to be working in
|
|
concert to box Pac-Man in, leaving him with nowhere to run.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>In chase mode, Pinky behaves as he does because he does not
|
|
target Pac-Man's tile directly. Instead, he selects an offset four
|
|
tiles away from Pac-Man in the direction Pac-Man is currently
|
|
moving (with one exception). The pictures below illustrate the
|
|
four possible offsets Pinky will use to determine his target tile
|
|
based on Pac-Man's orientation:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Pinky1.png"
|
|
name="graphics33"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="328"
|
|
height="295"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>If Pac-Man is moving left, Pinky's target tile will be four game
|
|
tiles to the left of Pac-Man's current tile. If Pac-Man is moving
|
|
right, Pinky's tile will be four tiles to the right. If Pac-Man is
|
|
moving down, Pinky's target is four tiles below. Finally, if
|
|
Pac-Man is moving up, Pinky's target tile will be four tiles up </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>and</b></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>four tiles to the left. This interesting outcome is due to a
|
|
subtle error in the logic code that calculates Pinky's offset from
|
|
Pac-Man. This piece of code works properly for the other three
|
|
cases but, when Pac-Man is moving upwards, triggers an overflow
|
|
bug that mistakenly includes a left offset equal in distance to
|
|
the expected up offset (we will see this same issue in Inky's
|
|
logic later). Don Hodges' website has an excellent article giving
|
|
a thorough, code-level analysis of this bug, including the source
|
|
code and a proposed fix—click
|
|
<a href="http://donhodges.com/pacman_pinky_explanation.htm"
|
|
>here</a
|
|
>
|
|
to go there now.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Pinky2.png"
|
|
name="graphics34"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="240"
|
|
height="216"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Pinky is the easiest ghost to exert control over thanks to his
|
|
targeting scheme. By changing direction, you can dictate where
|
|
Pinky will turn next when he is nearby (see above picture). If you
|
|
are facing off closely with Pinky, he will turn before he reaches
|
|
you if he can. This happens due to the fact Pac-Man has come close
|
|
enough to Pinky for Pinky's target tile to now be behind him. In
|
|
the picture above, Pinky chooses to turn up at the intersection
|
|
because moving left would have taken him further away from his
|
|
target tile. The longest-lived example of this is the technique
|
|
known as “head faking”. This is where the player
|
|
shakes the joystick to cause Pac-Man to rapidly change direction
|
|
back and forth, hopefully causing a ghost to change course in the
|
|
process. As it turns out, the shaking is not necessary—one
|
|
well-timed, quick reversal of direction towards Pinky just before
|
|
he decides what to do at an upcoming intersection is all that is
|
|
needed to get him off your tail.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><a name="CH4 - Inky"></a><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<a name="CH4_Inky"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="inky.png"
|
|
name="graphics30"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="104"
|
|
height="121"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4" style="font-size: 16pt"><b>Inky:</b></font> The
|
|
light-blue ghost is nicknamed “Inky” and his character
|
|
is described as one who is <i>bashful</i>. In Japan, he is
|
|
portrayed as <i>kimagure</i>, meaning “<i
|
|
>a fickle, moody, or uneven temper”</i
|
|
>. Perhaps not surprisingly, Inky is the least predictable of the
|
|
ghosts. Sometimes he chases Pac-Man aggressively like Blinky;
|
|
other times he jumps ahead of Pac-Man as Pinky would. He might
|
|
even wander off like Clyde on occasion! In fact, Inky may be the
|
|
most dangerous ghost of all due to his erratic behavior.
|
|
<i>Bashful</i> is not a very good translation of
|
|
<i>kimagure,</i> and misleads the player to assume Inky will shy
|
|
away from Pac-Man when he gets close which is not always the
|
|
case.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="InkyA.png"
|
|
name="graphics35"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="264"
|
|
height="240"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Inky uses the most complex targeting scheme of the four ghosts in
|
|
chase mode. He needs Pac-Man's current tile/orientation
|
|
<b>and</b> Blinky's current tile to calculate his final target. To
|
|
determine Inky's target, we must first establish an intermediate
|
|
offset two tiles in front of Pac-Man in the direction he is moving
|
|
(represented by the tile bracketed in green above). Now imagine
|
|
drawing a vector from the center of the red ghost's current tile
|
|
to the center of the offset tile, then double the vector length by
|
|
extending it out just as far again beyond the offset tile. The
|
|
tile this new, extendend vector points to is Inky's actual target
|
|
as shown above.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="InkyB.png"
|
|
name="graphics36"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="240"
|
|
height="360"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-before: always; page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>For the same reasons already discussed in Pinky's case, an
|
|
overflow error occurs with the intermediate offset tile generated
|
|
for Inky's calculation when Pac-Man is moving up resulting in an
|
|
offset tile that is two tiles above <b>and</b> two tiles to the
|
|
left (see above picture). The other three orientations (left,
|
|
right, down) produce the expected result of an offset two tiles in
|
|
front of Pac-Man in the direction he is moving.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Inky's targeting logic will keep him away from Pac-Man when
|
|
Blinky is far away from Pac-Man, but as Blinky draws closer, so
|
|
will Inky's target tile. This explains why Inky's behavior seems
|
|
more variable as Pac-Man moves away from Blinky. Like Pinky,
|
|
Inky's course can often be altered by Pac-Man changing direction
|
|
or “head-faking”. How much or how little effect this
|
|
will have on Inky's decisions is directly related to where Blinky
|
|
is at the time.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><a name="CH4 - Clyde"></a><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<a name="CH4_Clyde"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="clyde.png"
|
|
name="graphics31"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="104"
|
|
height="121"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4" style="font-size: 16pt"><b>Clyde:</b></font> The
|
|
orange ghost is nicknamed “Clyde” and is characterized
|
|
as one who is <i>pokey.</i> In Japan, his character is described
|
|
as <i>otoboke</i>, meaning “<i
|
|
>pretending ignorance”,</i
|
|
>
|
|
and his nickname is “<i>Guzuta”</i>, meaning “<i
|
|
>one who lags behind”</i
|
|
>. In reality, Clyde moves at the same speed as Inky and Pinky so
|
|
his character description is a bit misleading. Clyde is the last
|
|
ghost to leave the pen and tends to separate himself from the
|
|
other ghosts by shying away from Pac-Man and doing his own thing
|
|
when he isn't patrolling his corner of the maze. Although not
|
|
nearly as dangerous as the other three ghosts, his behavior can
|
|
seem unpredictable at times and should still be considered a
|
|
threat.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="ClydeJ.png"
|
|
name="graphics37"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="519"
|
|
height="401"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in"><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-before: always; page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">
|
|
<span STYLE="font-weight: normal">
|
|
During chase mode, Clyde's targeting logic changes based on
|
|
his proximity to Pac-Man (represented by the green target tile
|
|
above). He first calculates the Euclidean distance between his
|
|
tile and Pac-Man's tile. If the distance between them is eight
|
|
tiles or more, Clyde targets Pac-Man directly just as Blinky
|
|
does. If the distance between them is less than eight tiles,
|
|
however, Clyde switches his target to the tile he normally
|
|
uses during scatter mode and heads for his corner until he
|
|
gets far enough away to start targeting Pac-Man again. In the
|
|
picture above, Clyde is stuck in an endless loop (as long as
|
|
Pac-Man stays where he is) thanks to this scheme. While
|
|
occupying any tile completely outside the dashed perimeter,
|
|
Clyde's target is Pac-Man. Upon entering the area, Clyde
|
|
changes his mind and heads for his scatter target instead.
|
|
Once he exits the perimeter, his target will change
|
|
</span></span
|
|
><i><span STYLE="font-weight: normal">back</span></i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal"
|
|
>to Pac-Man's current tile again. The end result is Clyde
|
|
circling around and around until Pac-Man moves elsewhere or a
|
|
mode change occurs. Clyde is fairly easy to avoid once you
|
|
understand his targeting scheme. Just remember: he is still
|
|
dangerous if you manage to get in his way as he runs back to
|
|
his corner or before he can reach an intersection to turn away
|
|
from you.</span
|
|
></span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Chapter_5"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics38"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">CHAPTER 5:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="apple.png"
|
|
name="graphics64"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Deciphering The Split Screen
|
|
<img
|
|
src="apple.png"
|
|
name="graphics91"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics92"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="290"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="282" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="282" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
“<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><i>This is the way the world ends</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="282" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><i>This is the way the world ends</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="282" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><i>This is the way the world ends</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="282" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"
|
|
><i>Not with a bang but with a whimper.”</i></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="282" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
—<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><i>T. S. Eliot</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH5_On_The_Edge_Of_Forever"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>On The Edge Of Forever</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Pac-Man was always meant to be a game with no ending. The
|
|
developers at Namco mistakenly assumed the game's increasing
|
|
difficulty was sufficient to prevent anyone from playing
|
|
indefinitely. Of course, within a few years of Pac-Man's release,
|
|
players had discovered that every level beyond the 21<sup>st</sup>
|
|
was identical. Patterns were quickly created to exploit this fact
|
|
and, for any player able to get past the first 20 levels, the game
|
|
now became a test of endurance to see how many points you could
|
|
rack up before losing focus and making a mistake. High scores
|
|
soared into the millions and most players agreed the game simply
|
|
went on forever. Eventually, a few highly-skilled players were
|
|
able to complete 255 consecutive levels of play (scoring over
|
|
three million points and taking several hours to accomplish) and
|
|
found a surprise waiting for them on level 256. It was a surprise
|
|
no one knew about—not even the developers at Namco.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Level%20256.png"
|
|
name="graphics39"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="224"
|
|
height="288"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The 256<sup>th</sup> level displays the left half of the maze
|
|
correctly, but the right half is a jumbled mess of randomly
|
|
colored letters, numbers, and symbols. Notice the bonus counter in
|
|
the lower-right of the screen is also malfunctioning. The left
|
|
side of the maze plays normally, but the right side is a different
|
|
story. Although both the player and the ghosts can navigate
|
|
through the right half of the screen, the original maze walls no
|
|
longer apply. Instead, Pac-Man must be guided through a confusing
|
|
series of open areas, tunnels, one-way intersections, lone walls,
|
|
and pass-throughs—all <i>invisible </i>to the
|
|
player—while four ghosts are in hot pursuit.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Why does this broken level happen in the first place? The culprit
|
|
is the routine responsible for drawing the bonus symbols along the
|
|
bottom edge of the screen. Here's what happens: when level 256 is
|
|
reached, the internal level counter is incremented to 255 (the
|
|
level counter starts at zero – not one) and the routine for
|
|
drawing the bonus symbols is called. The routine loads the current
|
|
level counter value (255) into a CPU register and increments that
|
|
register by one. Unfortunately, 255 is the largest number that can
|
|
fit in a single byte which is the size of the Z-80 CPU registers,
|
|
so when the value is incremented the overflow is discarded leaving
|
|
a zero in the register instead of the expected value of 256. This
|
|
zero value leads the routine to believe this is an early level
|
|
since its value is less than seven. The routine starts drawing
|
|
bonus symbols using the confused register as a counter. At the end
|
|
of every drawing loop, the register is decreased by one and
|
|
<i>then</i>
|
|
checked to see if it is zero (the signal for the routine to stop
|
|
drawing symbols). Since the register already has a zero in it to
|
|
start, the first decrement will roll the value back to 255. It
|
|
will keep decrementing the register and drawing symbols until the
|
|
register is reduced to zero again, causing the loop to run a total
|
|
of 256 times. This means that memory locations outside the bounds
|
|
of the bonus symbol table are drawn to the screen at increasing
|
|
locations in video memory. This half-broken level was named the
|
|
“split screen” by players; developers refer to it as a
|
|
“kill screen”. Don Hodges' website has an in-depth
|
|
article analyzing this bug that includes source code and a
|
|
proposed fix—click
|
|
<a href="http://www.donhodges.com/how_high_can_you_get2.htm"
|
|
>here</a
|
|
>
|
|
to go there now.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH5_Playing_The_Level"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Playing The Level</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Level%20256%20Hidden%20Dots.png"
|
|
name="graphics40"
|
|
align="LEFT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="255"
|
|
height="288"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>There are 114 dots on the left half of the screen, nine dots on
|
|
the right, and one bonus key, totaling 6,310 points. When all of
|
|
the dots have been cleared, nothing happens. The game does not
|
|
consider a level to be completed until 244 dots have been eaten,
|
|
so there is nothing left to do but sacrifice Pac-Man to a hungry
|
|
ghost. Interestingly, every time a life is lost, the nine dots on
|
|
the right half of the screen get reset and can be eaten again,
|
|
resulting in an additional 90 points per extra man. In the
|
|
best-case scenario (five extra men), 6,760 points is the maximum
|
|
score possible, but only 168 dots can be harvested—not
|
|
enough to change levels—so we are stuck. There are no more
|
|
dots to gobble or energizers to eat. There is no final victory
|
|
waiting for Pac-Man, only an empty half-maze full of ghosts. The
|
|
game has an ending after all—just not a very happy or
|
|
exciting one.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Four of the nine dots on the right half of the screen are
|
|
invisible, but can be heard when eaten. The picture on the left
|
|
shows all nine dot locations. Dots 1, 5, 6, and 9 are invisible;
|
|
the rest can be seen but some are a different color than normal.
|
|
</font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Anyone reaching this level quickly realized: to safely map out
|
|
the right side of the screen something had to be done about the
|
|
ghosts. After much tinkering, it was discovered that a ghost would
|
|
get “trapped” on the right edge of the screen if he
|
|
got too close to it. Once trapped, a ghost can only move up or
|
|
down but never right or left again. By leading ghosts near the
|
|
edge of the screen, a skilled player could eventually get the
|
|
ghosts out of the way and concentrate on exploring the right half
|
|
of the maze and collecting the dots.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="Level%20256%20Waiting%20Spot%20path.png"
|
|
name="graphics41"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="10"
|
|
width="224"
|
|
height="288"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>There are many methods for trapping the ghosts. One of the
|
|
easiest ways to trap the three important ghosts is shown in the
|
|
picture to the right. The yellow line shows Pac-Man's path from
|
|
the start of the level to a spot near the bottom-right. The exact
|
|
instructions are as follows: begin by going right until you reach
|
|
a blue letter 'N', then go down. Keep going down until you reach a
|
|
blue letter 'F', then go right. Keep going right until you reach a
|
|
yellow 'B', then go down again. When executed properly, Pac-Man
|
|
will hit an invisible wall almost immediately after the last turn
|
|
is made. Now we wait. The red ghost will get stuck first. The pink
|
|
ghost follows a few seconds later. The blue ghost will continue to
|
|
move freely for several moments until the next scatter mode
|
|
occurs. At that point, it will try to reach some location near the
|
|
right edge of the screen and get stuck with the pink and red ghost
|
|
instead. Now the orange ghost is the only one still on the loose
|
|
(bottom-right). Clyde is no real threat, however, since he runs to
|
|
his corner whenever Pac-Man gets close (see Chapter 4), making it
|
|
relatively easy to clean up all the dots. Be sure to take care
|
|
around the lower-left corner of the maze—the orange ghost
|
|
will have nowhere left to run to and will be much more
|
|
aggressive.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Click on the YouTube video below to watch this ghost-trapping
|
|
method in action:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<embed
|
|
src="http://www.youtube.com/v/2K7orNZNGU8&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"
|
|
type="application/x-shockwave-flash"
|
|
NAME="Object3"
|
|
ALIGN="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="425"
|
|
height="344"
|
|
allowscriptaccess="always"
|
|
allowfullscreen="true"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a name="CH5_Believe_It_Or_Not"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Believe It Or Not</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Some versions of the <i>Pac-Man</i> ROMs have a “rack
|
|
test” feature, allowing the cabinet owner to skip ahead to
|
|
the next level of play whenever they want. To date, the only known
|
|
way to legitimately get past level 256 is by using the rack test
|
|
switch inside these machines. The result is that the game loops
|
|
back around to the first board, but with the score intact and the
|
|
ghosts still behaving as though it were level 21 or above. Many of
|
|
the <i>Pac-Man</i> ROMs available for use with the MAME emulator
|
|
also have this rack test feature, making it relatively easy for
|
|
those without an arcade version handy to quickly get to the
|
|
split-screen and beyond.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>For decades, <i>Pac-Man</i> enthusiasts worldwide have heard the
|
|
whispers about a “secret trick” allowing a player to
|
|
get past level 256 and continue playing without using the
|
|
aforementioned rack test. Several players have boasted having
|
|
acquired this holy grail of <i>Pac-Man</i> knowledge over the
|
|
years, but no one has been able to make good on their claims by
|
|
actually proving it. This topic became so hotly debated in the
|
|
upper echelons of the arcade gaming community that Billy
|
|
Mitchell—who was convinced it was impossible—offered a
|
|
$100,000 cash prize to the first player to prove they could
|
|
legitimately get past level 256, leaving the challenge open for a
|
|
full year. The prize money went unclaimed.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>In spite of the evidence against there being a way to get past
|
|
level 256, rumors still persist and can occasionally be found in
|
|
classic gaming forums online, yet no one has been able to back up
|
|
their words with indisputable proof. It's hard to imagine why
|
|
anyone who could legitimately get past the level did not collect
|
|
Mr. Mitchell's prize money to be sure. Still the occasional
|
|
whispers can be heard. Perhaps it is simply natural for people to
|
|
want to believe in the possibility as opposed to not—like
|
|
Santa Claus or the Easter Bunny. Then again, maybe there is some
|
|
middle-aged <i>Pac-Man</i> junkie out there who is withholding
|
|
secrets to a 30 year-old amusement device for his or her own
|
|
unfathomable reasons. Stranger things have happened. You be the
|
|
judge.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="ReferencesFurtherReading"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics42"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="grapes.png"
|
|
name="graphics66"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>References and Further Reading
|
|
<img
|
|
src="grapes.png"
|
|
name="graphics94"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics93"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://www.donhodges.com/how_high_can_you_get2.htm"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Splitting Apart The Split Screen</font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Don Hodges</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<img
|
|
src="pacmanadmidway.png"
|
|
name="graphics49"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
width="200"
|
|
height="259"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><a href="http://www.donhodges.com/pacman_pinky_explanation.htm"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Pac-Man's Ghost Behavior Analyzed And Fixed</font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Don Hodges</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://www.ascotti.org/programming/pie/hardware.htm"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Pac-Man Hardware And Memory Layout Info</font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Alessandro Scotti</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://www.vecoven.com/elec/pacman/pacman.html"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">
|
|
Disassembly And Analysis Of Pac-Man Sound Code</font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Frederic Vecoven</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://www.zutco.com/pacman.htm"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">The Virtual Pac-Man Museum</font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>, Chuck and Vicki Gill</span
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=249"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Pacman: The Phenomenon – Part 1</font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Marty Goldberg</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://www.mameworld.info/net/pacman/history/p1_01.htm"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">The History of Pac-Man</font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Doug Trueman</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="http://www.arcade-history.com/?n=pac-man&page=detail&id=1914"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Pac-Man Entry At Arcade History</font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Alexis Bousiges</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://www.google.com/pacman/"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">
|
|
Google's Pac-Man 30th Anniversary Doodle</font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>, Ryan Germick and Marcin Wichary</span
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="http://gameinternals.com/post/2072558330/understanding-pac-man-ghost-behavior"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"> Understanding Pac-Man Ghost Behavior</font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Chad Birch</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3867/reawakening_the_sleeping_giant_.php"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Reawakening The Sleeping Giant: The Pac-Man CE Interview</font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">, Christian Nutt</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="ReferenceTables"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics43"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">APPENDIX A:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="galax.png"
|
|
name="graphics67"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Reference Tables
|
|
<img
|
|
src="galax.png"
|
|
name="graphics95"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics96"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="946"
|
|
border="1"
|
|
BORDERCOLOR="#000000"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-after: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="35" />
|
|
<col width="65" />
|
|
<col width="45" />
|
|
<col width="58" />
|
|
<col width="59" />
|
|
<col width="45" />
|
|
<col width="52" />
|
|
<col width="48" />
|
|
<col width="48" />
|
|
<col width="47" />
|
|
<col width="48" />
|
|
<col width="62" />
|
|
<col width="60" />
|
|
<col width="44" />
|
|
<col width="50" />
|
|
<col width="50" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td colspan="16" width="936" valign="BOTTOM">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="LvlSpecs"></a><a name="LvlSpecs1"></a
|
|
><font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"
|
|
><b>Table A.1 — Level Specifications</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="BOTTOM">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Level</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Bonus Symbol</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Bonus Points</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Pac-Man Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Pac-Man Dots Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Ghost Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Ghost Tunnel Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Elroy 1 Dots Left</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Elroy 1 Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Elroy 2 Dots Left</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Elroy 2 Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Fright. Pac-Man Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Fright Pac-Man Dots Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Fright Ghost Speed</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Fright. Time (in sec.)</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b># of Flashes</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Cherries</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">80%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~71%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">75%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">40%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">20</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">80%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">10</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">85%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~79%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">6</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">2</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Strawberry</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">300</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~79%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">85%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">45%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">30</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">15</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~83%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">55%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Peach</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">500</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~79%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">85%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">45%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">40</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">20</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~83%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">55%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">4</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">4</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Peach</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">500</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~79%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">85%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">45%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">40</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">20</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~83%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">55%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Apple</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">700</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">40</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">20</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">2</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">6</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Apple</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">700</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">25</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">7</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Grapes</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">25</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">2</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">8</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Grapes</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">25</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">2</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">9</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Galaxian</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">2000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">30</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">10</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Galaxian</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">2000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">30</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">11</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Bell</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">30</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">2</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">12</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Bell</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">80</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">40</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">13</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">80</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">40</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">14</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">80</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">40</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">15</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">16</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">17</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">18</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">1</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">3</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">19</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">120</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">20</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~87%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">120</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="35" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">21+</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="65" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">Key</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">5000</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="58" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">90%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="59" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">~79%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="45" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">95%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="52" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">50%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">120</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">100%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="47" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">60</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2">105%</font></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="62" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="60" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="44" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="50" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<img
|
|
src="pacman1.png"
|
|
name="graphics52"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
width="100"
|
|
height="96"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="861"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-before: always; page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="853" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="853" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="DiffSpecs"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"
|
|
><b>Table A.2 — Difficulty Specifications</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="862"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="854" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="854" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>There is a small spot on the Pac-Man PCB where you can solder
|
|
two pads together to set the game to “hard”
|
|
difficulty. The only difference in hard difficulty is that five
|
|
of the levels (1, 3, 6, 19, and 20) are eliminated from play.
|
|
The system does <i>not</i> eliminate any of the bonus symbols,
|
|
however, causing much confusion as to what level you're really
|
|
playing. Level two is the first board in hard difficulty for
|
|
example, but the cherry symbol is used instead of the
|
|
strawberry. It's still level two in terms of gameplay, but with
|
|
cherry symbols in place of the usual strawberries. Also, the
|
|
bonus point values are changed to match the current symbol being
|
|
used. You can determine the difficulty setting of a machine by
|
|
observing which ghost kills Pac-Man during the attract mode demo
|
|
game. In normal difficulty, Pac-Man gets captured by Inky in the
|
|
lower-left area of the maze. If the difficulty jumper has been
|
|
connected, however, he is captured by Clyde near the same
|
|
location.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="300"
|
|
border="1"
|
|
BORDERCOLOR="#000000"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-after: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="48" />
|
|
<col width="87" />
|
|
<col width="49" />
|
|
<col width="82" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Normal</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Normal Bonus</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Hard</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#e6e6e6">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Hard Bonus</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Cherries</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Strawberry</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Cherries</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">3</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Peach 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">4</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Peach 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">4</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Strawberry</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">5</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Apple 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">5</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Peach 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">6</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Apple 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">7</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Grapes 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">7</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Peach 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">8</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Grapes 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">8</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Apple 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">9</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Galaxian 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">9</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Apple 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">10</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Galaxian 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">10</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Grapes 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">11</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Bell 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">11</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Grapes 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">12</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Bell 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">12</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Galaxian 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">13</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">13</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Galaxian 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">14</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">14</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Bell 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">15</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 3</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">15</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Bell 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">16</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 4</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">16</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 1</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">17</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 5</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">17</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 2</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">18</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 6</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">18</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 3</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">19</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 7</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">20</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 8</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">–</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="48" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">21+</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="87" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 9</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="49" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">21+</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="82" bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font face="Arial, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2">Key 4</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<img
|
|
src="ghost_blue.png"
|
|
name="graphics53"
|
|
align="RIGHT"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="100"
|
|
height="91"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/><a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p style="page-break-before: always"><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="EasterEggsAndTricks"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics56"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">APPENDIX B:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="bell.png"
|
|
name="graphics68"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Easter Eggs & Tricks
|
|
<img
|
|
src="bell.png"
|
|
name="graphics97"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics98"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a name="Easter_Egg"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>NAMCO Easter Egg</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>There is a secret message hidden in <i>Pac-Man</i> by the
|
|
developers at Namco. To see it, put the machine into service
|
|
mode and wait for the settings screen to appear. Now quickly
|
|
toggle service mode off and on (an alignment grid will appear on
|
|
the screen). While holding down the player 1 and player 2
|
|
buttons, toggle service mode off and on again
|
|
<i>very</i> quickly (if done properly, the grid will stay on the
|
|
screen), and then push the joystick in the following directions:
|
|
UP x 4, LEFT x 4, RIGHT x 4, DOWN x 4. The message “MADE
|
|
BY NAMCO” will appear sideways on the screen, spelled out
|
|
using energizers.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="0008.png"
|
|
name="graphics44"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="224"
|
|
height="288"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a name="Ghost_Bug"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Ghost Bug</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>A curious bug can be triggered when Pac-Man eats a ghost just
|
|
as it is leaving the monster pen (the orange ghost is the easist
|
|
one to catch this way). This may take a few attempts as the
|
|
timing is crucial—try to capture it just as the lower edge
|
|
of the ghost is passing through the door on top of the
|
|
pen—but when done correctly, the eyes will return directly
|
|
to the pen and the regenerated ghost will immediately start
|
|
moving straight up and <b>through the walls of the maze</b>! As
|
|
the ghost nears the top of the screen, it wraps around
|
|
reappearing at the bottom edge of the board and continues
|
|
upwards ignoring the maze walls. The ghost eventually makes it
|
|
back into the monster pen at which point it resumes normal
|
|
behavior. If Pac-Man eats another energizer and manages to
|
|
capture the ghost before this happens, however, the ghost's eyes
|
|
will move around but slightly out-of-sync with the maze and have
|
|
difficulty returning to the pen. Sometimes the eyes will
|
|
eventually correct themselves and find their way back home
|
|
(restoring the ghost back to normal) but sometimes they remain
|
|
lost until the level is completed.
|
|
</font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Click on the YouTube video below for a demonstration of this
|
|
strange behavior:</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<iframe
|
|
title="YouTube video player"
|
|
class="youtube-player"
|
|
type="text/html"
|
|
width="480"
|
|
height="390"
|
|
src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/JLfugsoU3d0?rel=0"
|
|
frameborder="0"
|
|
allowfullscreen
|
|
></iframe>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="HardwareIinfo"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics55"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">APPENDIX C:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="key.png"
|
|
name="graphics69"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Hardware Information
|
|
<img
|
|
src="key.png"
|
|
name="graphics100"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics99"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a name="Specifications"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Specifications:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Platform — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>NAMCO 8-bit PCB</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">CPU — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Z80A at 3.072 MHz</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">ROM — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>16K in four, 4K chips</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">RAM — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Almost 2K</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Display — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Raster</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Orientation — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Vertical</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Resolution — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>224x288</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Colors — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>16</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Attributes — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Six 16x16 hardware sprites</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Refresh rate — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>60.606061 Hz</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Sound — </font
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><i
|
|
>Custom monophonic 3-voice waveform sound generator chip</i
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Controls — One</font>
|
|
<font size="3"
|
|
><i>4-way leaf joystick, 1P/2P buttons</i></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Models — </font
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Upright, Mini, and Cocktail</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<p style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="OpReference"></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="4"><b>Midway Operator's Reference Books:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="pacman_opmanual.pdf"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Pac-Man O</i></font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">perator's Manual</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="pactrb1.pdf"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>Troubleshooting Logic Board Part I for
|
|
</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Pac-Man</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">and </span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Ms. Pac-Man</i></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="VintageGuides"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics72"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER" style="font-weight: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="5">APPENDIX D:</font></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="grapes.png"
|
|
name="graphics73"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Vintage Pac-Man Guides
|
|
<img
|
|
src="grapes.png"
|
|
name="graphics101"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics102"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="BreakAMillionAtPacman.pdf"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">Break A Million At Pac-Man</font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
—
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Ernest Zavisca, Ph.D. and Gary Beltowski.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal"
|
|
><a href="HowToWinAtPacman.pdf">How To Win At Pac-Man</a>
|
|
— Penguin Books</span
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif">.</font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY">
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="Glossary"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics50"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="cherry.png"
|
|
name="graphics71"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Glossary
|
|
<img
|
|
src="cherry.png"
|
|
name="graphics103"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics104"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER"><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table width="863" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<col width="130" />
|
|
<col width="10" />
|
|
<col width="723" />
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>apple:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for levels five and six. Worth 700 points.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>bell:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for levels eleven and twelve. Worth 3,000
|
|
points.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Blinky:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The red ghost. Also known as “Akabei” or
|
|
“Macky” in <i>Puck-Man</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="bonusSym"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>bonus symbol:</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The often fruit-related symbol that appears twice per level below
|
|
the ghost house and can be eaten for additional scoring. The
|
|
point-value depends on the specific symbol and can range anywhere
|
|
from 100 to 5,000 points each. Also known as <i>fruit</i>.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>cherries:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for the first round of play. Worth 100
|
|
points.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Clyde:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The orange ghost. Also known as “Guzuta” or
|
|
“Mocky” in <i>Puck-Man</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>cornering:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The technique of moving the joystick in the direction one wishes
|
|
to go well before reaching the center of a turn, ensuring Pac-Man
|
|
will take the turn as quickly as possible.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>Cruise Elroy:</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>When a certain number of dots are all that remain in a level,
|
|
Blinky (red ghost) will change “gears”, speeding up as
|
|
well as chasing Pac-Man even in scatter mode. He speeds up yet
|
|
again when half the dots remain from the first change,
|
|
</font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="dots"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>dots:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The 244 objects in the maze Pac-Man must eat to move on to the
|
|
next round. There are 240 small dots worth 10 points each, and 4
|
|
energizer dots worth 50 points each. Also known as <i>pills</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="energizer"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>energizer:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>One of four, large, flashing dots located near the corners of the
|
|
maze worth 50 points each. When Pac-Man eats an energizer, the
|
|
ghosts simultaneously reverse direction and, on earlier levels,
|
|
turn dark blue. Pac-Man can then eat the blue ghosts for
|
|
additional points, scoring more for each consecutive ghost eaten
|
|
from one energizer: 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 points respectively.
|
|
Also known as a
|
|
<i>power pills, fuel tanks, and vitamins</i>.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="flipping"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>flipping:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
“<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Flipping the machine” refers to when a player earns one
|
|
million points. </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">The game</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>is unable to display a score larger than 999,999, so the score
|
|
readout “flips” over to zero and keeps counting. Also
|
|
known as rolling the machine</font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>.</i></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>fruit:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i><a href="#bonusSym">bonus symbol</a>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="galaxian"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>galaxian:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for levels nine and ten. Also known as a
|
|
<i>tulip</i> <span STYLE="font-style: normal">or a </span
|
|
><i>thunderbird</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>. Worth 2,000 points.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="ghosthouse"></a>
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>ghost house:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The rectangular area in the middle of the maze where the ghosts
|
|
start each new level and new life, returning to the house whenever
|
|
they are captured by Pac-Man. Also known as the <i>monster pen</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="ghosts"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>ghosts:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Pac-Man's four enemies in the maze are typically referred to as
|
|
<i>ghosts </i><span STYLE="font-style: normal">or </span
|
|
><i>monsters</i><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="grapes"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>grapes:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for levels seven and eight. Also known as a
|
|
<i>melon </i><span STYLE="font-style: normal">or a </span
|
|
><i>grenade</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>. Worth 1,000 points.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>grenade:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><a href="#grapes"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>grapes</i></font></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>.</i></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>head faking:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Changing Pac-Man's direction back and forth in quick succession
|
|
in an attempt to affect the turning logic of one or more ghosts in
|
|
play. Blinky and Clyde do not use Pac-Man's current direction in
|
|
their chase logic, so they are unaffected by head faking.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Inky:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The blue ghost. Also known as “Aosuke” or
|
|
“Mucky” in <i>Puck-Man.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>intersection:</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Anywhere pathways in the maze intersect, yielding more than one
|
|
option on which way to proceed.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>key:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for levels 13 and above. Worth 5,000
|
|
points.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="Melon"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>melon:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><a href="#grapes"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>grapes</i></font></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>.</i></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>monster pen:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><a href="#ghosthouse"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>ghost house</i></font></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>monsters:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i><a href="#ghosts">ghosts</a>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>orange:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i><a href="#peach">peach</a>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="pattern"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>pattern:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>A memorized series of turns associated with a particular level or
|
|
levels that, when repeated, clears the maze of dots without
|
|
getting Pac-Man captured by any of the ghosts. Also known as a
|
|
<i>routine.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<a name="peach"></a
|
|
><font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>peach:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for levels three and four. Also known as an
|
|
<i>orange</i>. Worth 500 points.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>pills:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i><a href="#dots">dots</a>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Pinky:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The pink ghost. Also known as “Micky” in
|
|
<i>Puck-Man</i><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>power pill:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><a href="#energizer"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>energizer</i></font></a
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>routine:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i><a href="#pattern">pattern</a>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>side tunnel:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The connecting tunnel between the right and left edges of the
|
|
screen. Entering this tunnel will “wrap” the player
|
|
around to the other side of the screen. The monsters always suffer
|
|
a speed penalty while in the tunnel while Pac-Man does not. Also
|
|
known as <i>The Tube, The Time Warp, </i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">and </span><i>The Scoot</i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">.</span></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>split screen:</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The 256<sup>th</sup> level of the game, where the right half of
|
|
the screen is filled with garbage instead of the usual maze.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>strawberry:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The bonus symbol for level two. Worth 300 points.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>thunderbird:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i><a href="#galaxian">galaxian</a>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"><br /></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="130">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT" style="font-style: normal">
|
|
<font color="#000000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>tulip:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="10">
|
|
<p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="723">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">See </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i><a href="#galaxian">galaxian</a>.</i></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="FAQ"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics47"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="strawberry.png"
|
|
name="graphics48"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Frequently Asked Questions
|
|
<img
|
|
src="strawberry.png"
|
|
name="graphics105"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics106"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER"><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table width="862" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<col width="36" />
|
|
<col width="6" />
|
|
<col width="820" />
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>How do I get past the split screen?</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The only known way to get past the split screen is via the
|
|
“rack test” feature available on some Pac-Man ROMs
|
|
(see <a href="#Chapter_5">Chapter 5</a>).</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>What is a “perfect score”?</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>A perfect score in <i>Pac-Man</i> is 3,333,360 points, which can
|
|
only be attained by playing a perfect game. This requires catching
|
|
all four ghosts at every energizer, gobbling down every bonus
|
|
fruit, and never once losing a life for 256 consectutive levels of
|
|
play. All extra lives are needed once the split screen is reached
|
|
to eat the nine dots hidden on the right side of the screen the
|
|
maximum number of times—they respawn every time a life is
|
|
lost. This was first achieved by Billy Mitchell of Hollywood,
|
|
Florida in 1999.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Is it true that some of the ghost A.I. routines examine the
|
|
joystick directly to make decisions?</b
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>This is false. The memory-mapped IN0 joystick port is completely
|
|
removed from the pathfinding and logic routines in the code.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b
|
|
>What other games from the <i>Pac-Man</i> family will this
|
|
ghost logic work with?</b
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><i>Pac-Man Plus </i><span STYLE="font-style: normal">and</span>
|
|
<i>Ms. Pac-Man </i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>both use the same basic pathfinding/targeting logic as the
|
|
original </span
|
|
><i>Pac-Man. </i
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>Many popular bootleg ROMs like the Atlantic City Chip and
|
|
Hanglyman also use this logic.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Where can I download a copy of the <i>Pac-Man</i> ROMs?</b
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif">The </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><i>Pac-Man</i></font>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>ROMs are under copyright to NAMCO Bandai, LTD and are their
|
|
intellectual property. I cannot legally provide you with them, and
|
|
I certainly cannot </font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-weight: normal"
|
|
>recommend that you go to
|
|
<a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a> right away and
|
|
search for “pacman puckman ROMs MAME32” because you
|
|
would probably find them after a little searching.</span
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Why are all of the bonus symbols food-related except for the
|
|
galaxian, the bell, and the key?</b
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>The galaxian was added as a nod to the Namco space-shooter title,
|
|
<i>Galaxian,</i>
|
|
<span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>which was under development at the same time as </span
|
|
><i>Pac-Man</i><span STYLE="font-style: normal">. </span>No one
|
|
knows why Toru Iwatani chose a bell and a key for the final two
|
|
bonus symbols. It has been theorized the bell may actually be some
|
|
sort of food like an Asian cashew or even a blancmange dessert,
|
|
which would make it consistent with the food theme. The bell at
|
|
least has the <i>possibility</i> of being something else—no
|
|
one has any theories on the key being anything but ... well ... a
|
|
key.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b
|
|
>Why are some members of the NAMCO development team listed by
|
|
name but not others in Chapter 1?</b
|
|
></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>I have not been able to find out these persons' names—I'm
|
|
sure they are documented somewhere but I have yet to find that
|
|
information. If you know of any reliable sources for the names of
|
|
the full NAMCO development team, please let me know (<a
|
|
href="mailto:jamey.pittman@yahoo.com"
|
|
>jamey.pittman@yahoo.com</a
|
|
>).</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT"> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>Q:</b></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p><font color="#ff0000"> </font></p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><b>Where can I download the MAME emulator?</b></font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr valign="TOP">
|
|
<td width="36">
|
|
<p align="RIGHT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><b>A:</b></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="6">
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td width="820">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>Click <a href="http://mamedev.org/">here</a> for the MAME
|
|
website.</font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
<!--
|
|
google_ad_client = "ca-pub-4297265216414705";
|
|
/* Dossier Ad 03 */
|
|
google_ad_slot = "9373263520";
|
|
google_ad_width = 728;
|
|
google_ad_height = 90;
|
|
//-->
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script
|
|
type="text/javascript"
|
|
src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"
|
|
></script>
|
|
<br /><br />
|
|
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a name="AboutTheAuthor"></a
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics54"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="extraman.png"
|
|
name="graphics70"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" />
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="6"
|
|
><b
|
|
>About the Author
|
|
<img
|
|
src="extraman.png"
|
|
name="graphics108"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
hspace="5"
|
|
width="32"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0" /></b></font></font
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<font color="#ff0000"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="dotsbarplain.png"
|
|
name="graphics107"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="600"
|
|
height="32"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>Jamey Pittman (<a href="mailto:jamey.pittman@yahoo.com"
|
|
>jamey.pittman@yahoo.com</a
|
|
>) has been fascinated with video games ever since he saw his
|
|
first
|
|
</font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Pac-Man</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>machine in 1981. Eventually, his interests in computers and
|
|
video games led to a sucessful career programming various PC
|
|
game titles through the 1990s including
|
|
</font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Cybermage</i></font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><font size="3">, </font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Nox</i></font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><font size="3">, and </font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Wizards & Warriors, </i></font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal"
|
|
>developing the 3D engine technology for the latter.
|
|
</span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3">
|
|
In his spare time, he enjoys playing
|
|
</font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Pac-Man, Ms. Pac-Man</i></font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"><font size="3">, </font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Donkey Kong, </i></font></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
><span STYLE="font-style: normal">and </span></font
|
|
></font
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"><i>Galaga</i></font></font
|
|
>
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="3"
|
|
>until his wrists hurt and his eyes are sore.</font
|
|
></font
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="#Table Of Contents"
|
|
><font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="2"><b>Back</b></font></font
|
|
></a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<img
|
|
src="pacmanhappy.png"
|
|
name="graphics51"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="150"
|
|
height="151"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
|
|
<table
|
|
width="863"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
cellpadding="4"
|
|
cellspacing="0"
|
|
style="page-break-inside: avoid"
|
|
>
|
|
<col width="855" />
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="855" valign="TOP">
|
|
<p align="LEFT">
|
|
<font face="Verdana, sans-serif"
|
|
>If you enjoyed the information presented on this website, please
|
|
consider contributing a small donation to support it and defray
|
|
the time/maintenance costs associated with keeping it online and
|
|
updated. Donations can be made <b>safely and securely</b> via
|
|
PayPal by clicking the "Donate" button below. You can also make a
|
|
small contribution (at no cost to you whatsoever) by simply
|
|
clicking on one or more of the advertisement banners. Your support
|
|
is greatly appreciated!<br />
|
|
<div align="center">
|
|
<form
|
|
action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"
|
|
method="post"
|
|
>
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_s-xclick" />
|
|
<input
|
|
type="hidden"
|
|
name="encrypted"
|
|
value="-----BEGIN PKCS7-----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-----END PKCS7-----
|
|
"
|
|
/>
|
|
<input
|
|
type="image"
|
|
src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
name="submit"
|
|
alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!"
|
|
/>
|
|
<img
|
|
alt=""
|
|
border="0"
|
|
src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif"
|
|
width="1"
|
|
height="1"
|
|
/>
|
|
</form>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p><br /><br /><br /></p>
|
|
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a href="http://www.submitexpress.com/"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="http://www.submitexpress.com/submitexpress.gif"
|
|
name="graphics57"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="88"
|
|
height="31"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></a>
|
|
<br /><a href="http://www.submitexpress.com/"
|
|
>Search Engine Optimization and SEO Tools</a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table width="133" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a
|
|
href="http://www.website-hit-counters.com/free-website-submission.html"
|
|
target="_blank"
|
|
><img
|
|
src="http://www.website-hit-counters.com/cgi-bin/image.pl?URL=132755-9170"
|
|
name="graphics58"
|
|
alt="link to search engine submission page"
|
|
align="BOTTOM"
|
|
width="96"
|
|
height="24"
|
|
border="0"
|
|
/></a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p align="CENTER">
|
|
<a
|
|
href="http://www.website-hit-counters.com/free-website-submission.html"
|
|
target="_blank"
|
|
><font color="#555556"
|
|
><span STYLE="text-decoration: none"
|
|
><font face="Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
|
|
><font size="1" style="font-size: 6pt"
|
|
>search engine submission</font
|
|
></font
|
|
></span
|
|
></font
|
|
></a
|
|
><font color="#330006"
|
|
><span STYLE="text-decoration: none"> </span
|
|
></font>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><br /><br /></p>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|