fix: force dirty render using resource_change conditions, hide ghosts & player on initial spawn

src/game.rs

@@ -2,33 +2,34 @@
 
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/atlas_data.rs"));
 
-use crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
+use crate::constants::{MapTile, CANVAS_SIZE};
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
 use crate::events::GameEvent;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
 use crate::map::direction::Direction;
 use crate::systems::blinking::Blinking;
-use crate::systems::{self, ghost_collision_system};
+use crate::systems::{self, ghost_collision_system, present_system, Hidden, MovementModifiers};
 
 use crate::systems::movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity};
 use crate::systems::profiling::SystemId;
 use crate::systems::render::RenderDirty;
 use crate::systems::{
     audio_system, blinking_system, collision_system, debug_render_system, directional_render_system, dirty_render_system,
-    ghost_movement_system, hud_render_system, item_system, profile, ready_visibility_system, render_system, AudioEvent,
-    AudioResource, AudioState, BackbufferResource, Collider, DebugFontResource, DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime,
-    DirectionalAnimated, EntityType, Frozen, Ghost, GhostBundle, GhostCollider, GlobalState, ItemBundle, ItemCollider,
-    MapTextureResource, PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, PlayerStateBundle, Renderable, ScoreResource,
-    StartupSequence, SystemTimings,
+    ghost_movement_system, hud_render_system, item_system, profile, render_system, AudioEvent, AudioResource, AudioState,
+    BackbufferResource, Collider, DebugFontResource, DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated,
+    EntityType, Frozen, Ghost, GhostBundle, GhostCollider, GlobalState, ItemBundle, ItemCollider, MapTextureResource,
+    PacmanCollider, PlayerBundle, PlayerControlled, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence, SystemTimings,
 };
 use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
+use crate::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventRegistry;
 use bevy_ecs::observer::Trigger;
-use bevy_ecs::schedule::{IntoScheduleConfigs, Schedule, SystemSet};
-use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Res, ResMut};
+use bevy_ecs::schedule::common_conditions::resource_changed;
+use bevy_ecs::schedule::{Condition, IntoScheduleConfigs, Schedule, SystemSet};
+use bevy_ecs::system::ResMut;
 use bevy_ecs::world::World;
 use sdl2::image::LoadTexture;
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, ScaleMode, TextureCreator};
+use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas, ScaleMode, TextureCreator};
 use sdl2::rwops::RWops;
 use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
 use sdl2::EventPump;
@@ -82,14 +83,7 @@ impl Game {
         texture_creator: &'static mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
         event_pump: &'static mut EventPump,
     ) -> GameResult<Game> {
-        let mut world = World::default();
-        let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
         let ttf_context = Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
-
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameError>(&mut world);
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameEvent>(&mut world);
-        EventRegistry::register_event::<AudioEvent>(&mut world);
-
         let mut backbuffer = texture_creator
             .create_texture_target(None, CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
@@ -105,6 +99,9 @@ impl Game {
         let mut debug_texture = texture_creator
             .create_texture_target(None, output_size.0, output_size.1)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        // Debug texture is copied over the backbuffer, it requires transparency abilities
+        debug_texture.set_blend_mode(BlendMode::Blend);
         debug_texture.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
 
         let font_data = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Font)?;
@@ -150,11 +147,10 @@ impl Game {
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
         let map = Map::new(constants::RAW_BOARD)?;
-        let pacman_start_node = map.start_positions.pacman;
 
+        // Create directional animated textures for Pac-Man
         let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
         let mut stopped_textures = [None, None, None, None];
-
         for direction in Direction::DIRECTIONS {
             let moving_prefix = match direction {
                 Direction::Up => "pacman/up",
@@ -180,17 +176,19 @@ impl Game {
 
         let player = PlayerBundle {
             player: PlayerControlled,
-            position: Position::Stopped { node: pacman_start_node },
+            position: Position::Stopped {
+                node: map.start_positions.pacman,
+            },
             velocity: Velocity {
                 speed: 1.15,
                 direction: Direction::Left,
             },
+            movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers::default(),
             buffered_direction: BufferedDirection::None,
             sprite: Renderable {
                 sprite: SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "pacman/full.png")
                     .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("pacman/full.png".to_string())))?,
                 layer: 0,
-                visible: true,
             },
             directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
                 textures,
@@ -203,10 +201,12 @@ impl Game {
             pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
         };
 
-        // Spawn player and attach initial state bundle
-        let player_entity = world.spawn(player).id();
-        world.entity_mut(player_entity).insert(PlayerStateBundle::default());
-        world.entity_mut(player_entity).insert(Frozen);
+        let mut world = World::default();
+        let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
+
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameError>(&mut world);
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<GameEvent>(&mut world);
+        EventRegistry::register_event::<AudioEvent>(&mut world);
 
         world.insert_non_send_resource(atlas);
         world.insert_non_send_resource(event_pump);
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ impl Game {
         world.insert_resource(DebugState::default());
         world.insert_resource(AudioState::default());
         world.insert_resource(CursorPosition::default());
+        world.insert_resource(StartupSequence::new(60 * 3, 60));
 
         world.add_observer(
             |event: Trigger<GameEvent>, mut state: ResMut<GlobalState>, _score: ResMut<ScoreResource>| {
@@ -250,25 +251,17 @@ impl Game {
         let blinking_system = profile(SystemId::Blinking, blinking_system);
         let directional_render_system = profile(SystemId::DirectionalRender, directional_render_system);
         let dirty_render_system = profile(SystemId::DirtyRender, dirty_render_system);
-        let hud_render_system = profile(SystemId::HudRender, hud_render_system);
         let render_system = profile(SystemId::Render, render_system);
+        let hud_render_system = profile(SystemId::HudRender, hud_render_system);
         let debug_render_system = profile(SystemId::DebugRender, debug_render_system);
+        let present_system = profile(SystemId::Present, present_system);
 
-        let present_system = profile(
-            SystemId::Present,
-            |mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>, debug_state: Res<DebugState>, mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>| {
-                if dirty.0 || debug_state.enabled {
-                    // Only copy backbuffer to main canvas if debug rendering is off
-                    // (debug rendering draws directly to main canvas)
-                    if !debug_state.enabled {
-                        canvas.present();
-                    }
-                    dirty.0 = false;
-                }
-            },
-        );
+        let forced_dirty_system = |mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>| {
+            dirty.0 = true;
+        };
 
         schedule.add_systems((
+            forced_dirty_system.run_if(resource_changed::<ScoreResource>.or(resource_changed::<StartupSequence>)),
             (
                 input_system,
                 player_control_system,
@@ -282,7 +275,6 @@ impl Game {
             (collision_system, ghost_collision_system, item_system).chain(),
             audio_system,
             blinking_system,
-            ready_visibility_system,
             (
                 directional_render_system,
                 dirty_render_system,
@@ -294,45 +286,46 @@ impl Game {
                 .chain(),
         ));
 
-        world.insert_resource(StartupSequence::new(60 * 3, 60));
+        // Spawn player and attach initial state bundle
+        world.spawn(player).insert((Frozen, Hidden));
 
         // Spawn ghosts
         Self::spawn_ghosts(&mut world)?;
 
-        // Spawn items
         let pellet_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/pellet.png")
             .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/pellet.png".to_string())))?;
         let energizer_sprite = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(world.non_send_resource::<SpriteAtlas>(), "maze/energizer.png")
             .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/energizer.png".to_string())))?;
 
-        let nodes: Vec<_> = world.resource::<Map>().iter_nodes().map(|(id, tile)| (*id, *tile)).collect();
-
-        for (node_id, tile) in nodes {
-            let (item_type, sprite, size) = match tile {
-                crate::constants::MapTile::Pellet => (EntityType::Pellet, pellet_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4),
-                crate::constants::MapTile::PowerPellet => {
-                    (EntityType::PowerPellet, energizer_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95)
-                }
-                _ => continue,
-            };
+        // Build a list of item entities to spawn from the map
+        let nodes: Vec<(usize, EntityType, AtlasTile, f32)> = world
+            .resource::<Map>()
+            .iter_nodes()
+            .filter_map(|(id, tile)| match tile {
+                MapTile::Pellet => Some((*id, EntityType::Pellet, pellet_sprite, constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.4)),
+                MapTile::PowerPellet => Some((
+                    *id,
+                    EntityType::PowerPellet,
+                    energizer_sprite,
+                    constants::CELL_SIZE as f32 * 0.95,
+                )),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .collect();
 
+        // Construct and spawn the item entities
+        for (id, item_type, sprite, size) in nodes {
             let mut item = world.spawn(ItemBundle {
-                position: Position::Stopped { node: node_id },
-                sprite: Renderable {
-                    sprite,
-                    layer: 1,
-                    visible: true,
-                },
+                position: Position::Stopped { node: id },
+                sprite: Renderable { sprite, layer: 1 },
                 entity_type: item_type,
                 collider: Collider { size },
                 item_collider: ItemCollider,
             });
 
+            // Make power pellets blink
             if item_type == EntityType::PowerPellet {
-                item.insert(Blinking {
-                    timer: 0.0,
-                    interval: 0.2,
-                });
+                item.insert((Frozen, Blinking::new(0.2)));
             }
         }
 
@@ -429,7 +422,6 @@ impl Game {
                             },
                         )?,
                         layer: 0,
-                        visible: true,
                     },
                     directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated {
                         textures,
@@ -443,7 +435,7 @@ impl Game {
                 }
             };
 
-            world.spawn(ghost).insert(Frozen);
+            world.spawn(ghost).insert((Frozen, Hidden));
         }
 
         Ok(())

src/systems/blinking.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,63 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{
     component::Component,
-    system::{Query, Res},
+    entity::Entity,
+    query::{Has, With},
+    system::{Commands, Query, Res},
 };
 
-use crate::systems::components::{DeltaTime, Renderable};
+use crate::systems::{
+    components::{DeltaTime, Renderable},
+    Frozen, Hidden,
+};
 
-#[derive(Component)]
+#[derive(Component, Debug)]
 pub struct Blinking {
     pub timer: f32,
     pub interval: f32,
 }
 
+impl Blinking {
+    pub fn new(interval: f32) -> Self {
+        Self { timer: 0.0, interval }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Updates blinking entities by toggling their visibility at regular intervals.
 ///
 /// This system manages entities that have both `Blinking` and `Renderable` components,
 /// accumulating time and toggling visibility when the specified interval is reached.
-pub fn blinking_system(time: Res<DeltaTime>, mut query: Query<(&mut Blinking, &mut Renderable)>) {
-    for (mut blinking, mut renderable) in query.iter_mut() {
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub fn blinking_system(
+    mut commands: Commands,
+    time: Res<DeltaTime>,
+    mut query: Query<(Entity, &mut Blinking, Has<Hidden>, Has<Frozen>), With<Renderable>>,
+) {
+    for (entity, mut blinking, hidden, frozen) in query.iter_mut() {
+        // If the entity is frozen, blinking is disabled and the entity is unhidden (if it was hidden)
+        if frozen {
+            if hidden {
+                commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Increase the timer by the delta time
         blinking.timer += time.0;
 
-        if blinking.timer >= blinking.interval {
-            blinking.timer = 0.0;
-            renderable.visible = !renderable.visible;
+        // If the timer is less than the interval, there's nothing to do yet
+        if blinking.timer < blinking.interval {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Subtract the interval (allows for the timer to retain partial interval progress)
+        blinking.timer -= blinking.interval;
+
+        // Toggle the Hidden component
+        if hidden {
+            commands.entity(entity).remove::<Hidden>();
+        } else {
+            commands.entity(entity).insert(Hidden);
         }
     }
 }

src/systems/components.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::{
     map::graph::TraversalFlags,
     systems::{
         movement::{BufferedDirection, Position, Velocity},
-        Collider, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider, PlayerLifecycle,
+        Collider, GhostCollider, ItemCollider, PacmanCollider,
     },
     texture::{animated::AnimatedTexture, sprite::AtlasTile},
 };
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ impl EntityType {
 pub struct Renderable {
     pub sprite: AtlasTile,
     pub layer: u8,
-    pub visible: bool,
 }
 
 /// A component for entities that have a directional animated texture.
@@ -161,14 +160,8 @@ pub struct PlayerBundle {
     pub directional_animated: DirectionalAnimated,
     pub entity_type: EntityType,
     pub collider: Collider,
-    pub pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
-}
-
-/// Convenience bundle for attaching the hybrid FSM to the player entity
-#[derive(Bundle, Default)]
-pub struct PlayerStateBundle {
-    pub lifecycle: PlayerLifecycle,
     pub movement_modifiers: MovementModifiers,
+    pub pacman_collider: PacmanCollider,
 }
 
 #[derive(Bundle)]

src/systems/debug.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET;
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
-use crate::systems::{BackbufferResource, Collider, CursorPosition, Position, SystemTimings};
+use crate::systems::{Collider, CursorPosition, Position, SystemTimings};
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
 use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res};
 use glam::{IVec2, UVec2, Vec2};
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ fn render_timing_display(
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn debug_render_system(
     mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
-    backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
     mut debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
     debug_font: NonSendMut<DebugFontResource>,
     debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
@@ -104,18 +103,6 @@ pub fn debug_render_system(
     let scale =
         (UVec2::from(canvas.output_size().unwrap()).as_vec2() / UVec2::from(canvas.logical_size()).as_vec2()).min_element();
 
-    // Copy the current backbuffer to the debug texture
-    canvas
-        .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
-            // Clear the debug canvas
-            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLACK);
-            debug_canvas.clear();
-
-            // Copy the backbuffer to the debug canvas
-            debug_canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
-        })
-        .unwrap();
-
     // Get texture creator before entering the closure to avoid borrowing conflicts
     let mut texture_creator = canvas.texture_creator();
     let font = &debug_font.0;
@@ -128,8 +115,11 @@ pub fn debug_render_system(
     // Draw debug info on the high-resolution debug texture
     canvas
         .with_texture_canvas(&mut debug_texture.0, |debug_canvas| {
-            // Find the closest node to the cursor
+            // Clear the debug canvas
+            debug_canvas.set_draw_color(Color::RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0));
+            debug_canvas.clear();
 
+            // Find the closest node to the cursor
             let closest_node = if let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos {
                 map.graph
                     .nodes()
@@ -214,8 +204,4 @@ pub fn debug_render_system(
             render_timing_display(debug_canvas, &mut texture_creator, &timings, font);
         })
         .unwrap();
-
-    // Draw the debug texture directly onto the main canvas at full resolution
-    canvas.copy(&debug_texture.0, None, None).unwrap();
-    canvas.present();
 }

src/systems/player.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use bevy_ecs::{
-    component::Component,
     event::{EventReader, EventWriter},
     query::{With, Without},
     system::{Query, Res, ResMut},
@@ -17,28 +16,6 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
-/// Lifecycle state for the player entity.
-#[derive(Component, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum PlayerLifecycle {
-    Spawning,
-    Alive,
-    Dying,
-    Respawning,
-}
-
-impl PlayerLifecycle {
-    /// Returns true when gameplay input and movement should be active
-    pub fn is_interactive(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, PlayerLifecycle::Alive)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for PlayerLifecycle {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        PlayerLifecycle::Spawning
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn can_traverse(entity_type: EntityType, edge: Edge) -> bool {
     let entity_flags = entity_type.traversal_flags();
     edge.traversal_flags.contains(entity_flags)
@@ -64,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn player_control_system(
             match command {
                 GameCommand::MovePlayer(direction) => {
                     // Get the player's movable component (ensuring there is only one player)
-                    let (mut buffered_direction) = match players.single_mut() {
+                    let mut buffered_direction = match players.single_mut() {
                         Ok(tuple) => tuple,
                         Err(e) => {
                             errors.write(GameError::InvalidState(format!(
@@ -101,22 +78,16 @@ pub fn player_control_system(
 /// Handles movement logic including buffered direction changes, edge traversal validation, and continuous movement between nodes.
 /// When stopped, prioritizes buffered directions for responsive controls, falling back to current direction.
 /// Supports movement chaining within a single frame when traveling at high speeds.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn player_movement_system(
     map: Res<Map>,
     delta_time: Res<DeltaTime>,
     mut entities: Query<
-        (
-            &PlayerLifecycle,
-            &MovementModifiers,
-            &mut Position,
-            &mut Velocity,
-            &mut BufferedDirection,
-        ),
+        (&MovementModifiers, &mut Position, &mut Velocity, &mut BufferedDirection),
         (With<PlayerControlled>, Without<Frozen>),
     >,
-    // mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
-    for (lifecycle, modifiers, mut position, mut velocity, mut buffered_direction) in entities.iter_mut() {
+    for (modifiers, mut position, mut velocity, mut buffered_direction) in entities.iter_mut() {
         // Decrement the buffered direction remaining time
         if let BufferedDirection::Some {
             direction,

src/systems/render.rs

@@ -2,32 +2,37 @@ use crate::constants::CANVAS_SIZE;
 use crate::error::{GameError, TextureError};
 use crate::map::builder::Map;
 use crate::systems::{
-    Blinking, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, EntityType, GhostCollider, PlayerControlled, Position, Renderable, ScoreResource,
-    StartupSequence, Velocity,
+    DebugState, DebugTextureResource, DeltaTime, DirectionalAnimated, Position, Renderable, ScoreResource, StartupSequence,
+    Velocity,
 };
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
 use crate::texture::text::TextTexture;
+use bevy_ecs::component::Component;
 use bevy_ecs::entity::Entity;
 use bevy_ecs::event::EventWriter;
-use bevy_ecs::query::{Changed, Or, With, Without};
+use bevy_ecs::query::{Changed, Or, Without};
 use bevy_ecs::removal_detection::RemovedComponents;
 use bevy_ecs::resource::Resource;
 use bevy_ecs::system::{NonSendMut, Query, Res, ResMut};
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::{Point, Rect};
-use sdl2::render::{Canvas, Texture};
+use sdl2::render::{BlendMode, Canvas, Texture};
 use sdl2::video::Window;
 
 #[derive(Resource, Default)]
 pub struct RenderDirty(pub bool);
 
+#[derive(Component)]
+pub struct Hidden;
+
 #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
 pub fn dirty_render_system(
     mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
-    changed_renderables: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>)>>,
+    changed: Query<(), Or<(Changed<Renderable>, Changed<Position>)>>,
+    removed_hidden: RemovedComponents<Hidden>,
     removed_renderables: RemovedComponents<Renderable>,
 ) {
-    if !changed_renderables.is_empty() || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
+    if !changed.is_empty() || !removed_hidden.is_empty() || !removed_renderables.is_empty() {
         dirty.0 = true;
     }
 }
@@ -71,108 +76,61 @@ pub struct MapTextureResource(pub Texture<'static>);
 /// A non-send resource for the backbuffer texture. This just wraps the texture with a type so it can be differentiated when exposed as a resource.
 pub struct BackbufferResource(pub Texture<'static>);
 
-/// Updates entity visibility based on StartupSequence stages
-pub fn ready_visibility_system(
-    startup: Res<StartupSequence>,
-    mut player_query: Query<&mut Renderable, (With<PlayerControlled>, Without<GhostCollider>)>,
-    mut ghost_query: Query<&mut Renderable, (With<GhostCollider>, Without<PlayerControlled>)>,
-    mut energizer_query: Query<(&mut Blinking, &EntityType)>,
-) {
-    match *startup {
-        StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. } => {
-            // Hide player and ghosts, disable energizer blinking
-            if let Ok(mut renderable) = player_query.single_mut() {
-                renderable.visible = false;
-            }
-
-            for mut renderable in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
-                renderable.visible = false;
-            }
-
-            // Disable energizer blinking in text-only stage
-            for (mut blinking, entity_type) in energizer_query.iter_mut() {
-                if matches!(entity_type, EntityType::PowerPellet) {
-                    blinking.timer = 0.0; // Reset timer to prevent blinking
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. } => {
-            // Show player and ghosts, enable energizer blinking
-            if let Ok(mut renderable) = player_query.single_mut() {
-                renderable.visible = true;
-            }
-
-            for mut renderable in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
-                renderable.visible = true;
-            }
-
-            // Energizer blinking is handled by the blinking system
-        }
-        StartupSequence::GameActive => {
-            // All entities are visible and blinking is normal
-            if let Ok(mut renderable) = player_query.single_mut() {
-                renderable.visible = true;
-            }
-
-            for mut renderable in ghost_query.iter_mut() {
-                renderable.visible = true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// Renders the HUD (score, lives, etc.) on top of the game.
 pub fn hud_render_system(
+    mut backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
     mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
     mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
     score: Res<ScoreResource>,
     startup: Res<StartupSequence>,
     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
-    let mut text_renderer = TextTexture::new(1.0);
+    let _ = canvas.with_texture_canvas(&mut backbuffer.0, |canvas| {
+        let mut text_renderer = TextTexture::new(1.0);
 
-    // Render lives and high score text in white
-    let lives = 3; // TODO: Get from actual lives resource
-    let lives_text = format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   ");
-    let lives_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * 3, 2); // x_offset + lives_offset * 8, y_offset
+        // Render lives and high score text in white
+        let lives = 3; // TODO: Get from actual lives resource
+        let lives_text = format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   ");
+        let lives_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * 3, 2); // x_offset + lives_offset * 8, y_offset
 
-    if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, &lives_text, lives_position) {
-        errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render lives text: {}", e)).into());
-    }
-
-    // Render score text in yellow (Pac-Man's color)
-    let score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
-    let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
-    let score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
-
-    if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, &score_text, score_position) {
-        errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render score text: {}", e)).into());
-    }
-
-    // Render text based on StartupSequence stage
-    if matches!(
-        *startup,
-        StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. } | StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }
-    ) {
-        let ready_text = "READY!";
-        let ready_width = text_renderer.text_width(ready_text);
-        let ready_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - ready_width) / 2, 160);
-        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render_with_color(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, ready_text, ready_position, Color::YELLOW) {
-            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render READY text: {}", e)).into());
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &lives_text, lives_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render lives text: {}", e)).into());
         }
 
-        if matches!(*startup, StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }) {
-            let player_one_text = "PLAYER ONE";
-            let player_one_width = text_renderer.text_width(player_one_text);
-            let player_one_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - player_one_width) / 2, 113);
+        // Render score text in yellow (Pac-Man's color)
+        let score_text = format!("{:02}", score.0);
+        let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
+        let score_position = glam::UVec2::new(4 + 8 * score_offset as u32, 10); // x_offset + score_offset * 8, 8 + y_offset
 
-            if let Err(e) =
-                text_renderer.render_with_color(&mut canvas, &mut atlas, player_one_text, player_one_position, Color::CYAN)
-            {
-                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render PLAYER ONE text: {}", e)).into());
+        if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render(canvas, &mut atlas, &score_text, score_position) {
+            errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render score text: {}", e)).into());
+        }
+
+        // Render text based on StartupSequence stage
+        if matches!(
+            *startup,
+            StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. } | StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }
+        ) {
+            let ready_text = "READY!";
+            let ready_width = text_renderer.text_width(ready_text);
+            let ready_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - ready_width) / 2, 160);
+            if let Err(e) = text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, ready_text, ready_position, Color::YELLOW) {
+                errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render READY text: {}", e)).into());
+            }
+
+            if matches!(*startup, StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }) {
+                let player_one_text = "PLAYER ONE";
+                let player_one_width = text_renderer.text_width(player_one_text);
+                let player_one_position = glam::UVec2::new((CANVAS_SIZE.x - player_one_width) / 2, 113);
+
+                if let Err(e) =
+                    text_renderer.render_with_color(canvas, &mut atlas, player_one_text, player_one_position, Color::CYAN)
+                {
+                    errors.write(TextureError::RenderFailed(format!("Failed to render PLAYER ONE text: {}", e)).into());
+                }
             }
         }
-    }
+    });
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
@@ -183,7 +141,7 @@ pub fn render_system(
     mut atlas: NonSendMut<SpriteAtlas>,
     map: Res<Map>,
     dirty: Res<RenderDirty>,
-    renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position)>,
+    renderables: Query<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), Without<Hidden>>,
     mut errors: EventWriter<GameError>,
 ) {
     if !dirty.0 {
@@ -207,10 +165,6 @@ pub fn render_system(
                 .sort_by_key::<(Entity, &Renderable, &Position), _>(|(_, renderable, _)| renderable.layer)
                 .rev()
             {
-                if !renderable.visible {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
                 let pos = position.get_pixel_position(&map.graph);
                 match pos {
                     Ok(pos) => {
@@ -237,3 +191,25 @@ pub fn render_system(
 
     canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
 }
+
+pub fn present_system(
+    mut canvas: NonSendMut<&mut Canvas<Window>>,
+    mut dirty: ResMut<RenderDirty>,
+    backbuffer: NonSendMut<BackbufferResource>,
+    debug_texture: NonSendMut<DebugTextureResource>,
+    debug_state: Res<DebugState>,
+) {
+    if dirty.0 {
+        // Copy the backbuffer to the main canvas
+        canvas.copy(&backbuffer.0, None, None).unwrap();
+
+        // Copy the debug texture to the canvas
+        if debug_state.enabled {
+            canvas.set_blend_mode(BlendMode::Blend);
+            canvas.copy(&debug_texture.0, None, None).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        canvas.present();
+        dirty.0 = false;
+    }
+}

src/systems/stage.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
     resource::Resource,
     system::{Commands, Query, ResMut},
 };
+use tracing::debug;
 
-use crate::systems::{Frozen, GhostCollider, PlayerControlled};
+use crate::systems::{Blinking, Frozen, GhostCollider, Hidden, PlayerControlled};
 
 #[derive(Resource, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum StartupSequence {
@@ -71,25 +72,24 @@ impl StartupSequence {
 pub fn startup_stage_system(
     mut startup: ResMut<StartupSequence>,
     mut commands: Commands,
+    mut blinking_query: Query<Entity, With<Blinking>>,
     mut player_query: Query<Entity, With<PlayerControlled>>,
     mut ghost_query: Query<Entity, With<GhostCollider>>,
 ) {
     if let Some((from, to)) = startup.tick() {
+        debug!("StartupSequence transition from {from:?} to {to:?}");
         match (from, to) {
-            (StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }, StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }) => {
-                // TODO: Add TextOnly tag component to hide entities
-                // TODO: Add CharactersVisible tag component to show entities
-                // TODO: Remove TextOnly tag component
-            }
+            // (StartupSequence::TextOnly { .. }, StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }) => {}
             (StartupSequence::CharactersVisible { .. }, StartupSequence::GameActive) => {
-                // Remove Frozen tag from all entities and enable player input
+                // Unfreeze and unhide the player & ghosts
                 for entity in player_query.iter_mut().chain(ghost_query.iter_mut()) {
-                    tracing::info!("Removing Frozen component from entity {}", entity);
-                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<Frozen>();
+                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<(Frozen, Hidden)>();
                 }
 
-                // TODO: Add GameActive tag component
-                // TODO: Remove CharactersVisible tag component
+                // Unfreeze pellet blinking
+                for entity in blinking_query.iter_mut() {
+                    commands.entity(entity).remove::<Frozen>();
+                }
             }
             _ => {}
         }

tests/player.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use pacman::{
     },
     systems::{
         can_traverse, player_control_system, player_movement_system, AudioState, BufferedDirection, DebugState, DeltaTime,
-        EntityType, GlobalState, PlayerControlled, Position, Velocity,
+        EntityType, GlobalState, MovementModifiers, PlayerControlled, Position, Velocity,
     },
 };
 
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ fn spawn_test_player(world: &mut World) -> Entity {
             },
             BufferedDirection::None,
             EntityType::Player,
+            MovementModifiers::default(),
         ))
         .id()
 }