test: add coverage job to bacon.toml, coverage profile for nextest

- Moved game logic from `game.rs` to `game/mod.rs` and `game/state.rs` for better organization.
- Updated `App` to utilize the new `Game` struct and its state management.
- Refactored error handling
- Removed unused audio subsystem references

.config/nextest.toml

@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
 [profile.default]
 fail-fast = false
+
+[profile.coverage]
+status-level = "none"

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Setup Rust Toolchain
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
@@ -64,15 +64,16 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo build --release
 
       - name: Acquire Package Version
-        shell: bash
+        id: get_version
+        shell: bash # required to prevent Windows runners from failing
         run: |
-          PACKAGE_VERSION=$(cargo metadata --format-version 1 --no-deps | jq '.packages[0].version' -r)
+          set -euo pipefail # exit on error
-          echo "PACKAGE_VERSION=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "version=$(cargo metadata --format-version 1 --no-deps | jq '.packages[0].version' -r)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Upload Artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: "pacman-${{ env.PACKAGE_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.target }}"
+          name: "pacman-${{ steps.get_version.outputs.version }}-${{ matrix.target }}"
           path: ./target/release/${{ matrix.artifact_name }}
           retention-days: 7
           if-no-files-found: error
@@ -83,10 +84,13 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       pages: write
       id-token: write
+    # concurrency group is used to prevent multiple page deployments from being attempted at the same time
+    concurrency:
+      group: ${{ github.workflow }}-wasm
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Setup Emscripten SDK
         uses: pyodide/setup-emsdk@v15
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
         with:
           target: wasm32-unknown-emscripten
-          toolchain: 1.86.0 # we are unfortunately pinned to 1.86.0 for some reason, bulk-memory-opt related issues
+          toolchain: 1.86.0
 
       - name: Rust Cache
         uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2

.github/workflows/coverage.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master

.github/workflows/tests.yaml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master

.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ emsdk/
 rust-sdl2-emscripten/
 assets/site/build.css
 tailwindcss-*
+lcov.info

Cargo.lock

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.98"
+version = "1.0.99"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e16d2d3311acee920a9eb8d33b8cbc1787ce4a264e85f964c2404b969bdcd487"
+checksum = "b0674a1ddeecb70197781e945de4b3b8ffb61fa939a5597bcf48503737663100"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "glam"
-version = "0.30.4"
+version = "0.30.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "50a99dbe56b72736564cfa4b85bf9a33079f16ae8b74983ab06af3b1a3696b11"
+checksum = "f2d1aab06663bdce00d6ca5e5ed586ec8d18033a771906c993a1e3755b368d85"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
@@ -89,6 +89,12 @@ version = "0.15.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5971ac85611da7067dbfcabef3c70ebb5606018acd9e2a3903a0da507521e0d5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "heck"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.10.0"
@@ -122,9 +128,9 @@ checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.174"
+version = "0.2.175"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1171693293099992e19cddea4e8b849964e9846f4acee11b3948bcc337be8776"
+checksum = "6a82ae493e598baaea5209805c49bbf2ea7de956d50d7da0da1164f9c6d28543"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
@@ -194,7 +200,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "smallvec",
  "spin_sleep",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "strum",
+ "strum_macros",
+ "thiserror",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-error",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -212,7 +220,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "integer-sqrt",
  "num-traits",
  "rustc-hash",
- "thiserror 2.0.12",
+ "thiserror",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -372,9 +380,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.141"
+version = "1.0.142"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "30b9eff21ebe718216c6ec64e1d9ac57087aad11efc64e32002bce4a0d4c03d3"
+checksum = "030fedb782600dcbd6f02d479bf0d817ac3bb40d644745b769d6a96bc3afc5a7"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -406,6 +414,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "strum"
+version = "0.27.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "af23d6f6c1a224baef9d3f61e287d2761385a5b88fdab4eb4c6f11aeb54c4bcf"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "strum_macros"
+version = "0.27.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7695ce3845ea4b33927c055a39dc438a45b059f7c1b3d91d38d10355fb8cbca7"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "2.0.104"
@@ -417,33 +443,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.69"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl 1.0.69",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "2.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "567b8a2dae586314f7be2a752ec7474332959c6460e02bde30d702a66d488708"
 dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl 2.0.12",
+ "thiserror-impl",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.69"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

Cargo.toml

@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ spin_sleep = "1.3.2"
 rand = { version = "0.9.2", default-features = false, features = ["small_rng", "os_rng"] }
 pathfinding = "4.14"
 once_cell = "1.21.3"
-thiserror = "1.0"
+thiserror = "2.0"
 anyhow = "1.0"
-glam = { version = "0.30.4", features = [] }
+glam = { version = "0.30.5", features = [] }
 serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1.0.141"
+serde_json = "1.0.142"
 smallvec = "1.15.1"
+strum = "0.27.2"
+strum_macros = "0.27.2"
 
 [profile.release]
 lto = true
@@ -54,4 +56,4 @@ x86_64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "x64-osx" }
 aarch64-apple-darwin = { triplet = "arm64-osx" }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "emscripten")'.dependencies]
-libc = "0.2.16"
+libc = "0.2.175"

README.md

@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ I wanted to hit a log of goals and features, making it a 'perfect' project that
 
 Since this project is still in progress, I'm only going to cover non-obvious build details. By reading the code, build scripts, and copying the online build workflows, you should be able to replicate the build process.
 
+- We use rustc 1.86.0 for the build, due to bulk-memory-opt related issues on wasm32-unknown-emscripten.
+  - Technically, we could probably use stable or even nightly on desktop targets, but using different versions for different targets is a pain, mainly because of clippy warnings changing between versions.
 - Install `cargo-vcpkg` with `cargo install cargo-vcpkg`, then run `cargo vcpkg build` to build the requisite dependencies via vcpkg.
 - For the WASM build, you need to have the Emscripten SDK cloned; you can do so with `git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git`
   - The first time you clone, you'll need to install the appropriate SDK version with `./emsdk install 3.1.43` and then activate it with `./emsdk activate 3.1.43`. On Windows, use `./emsdk/emsdk.ps1` instead.

bacon.toml

@@ -34,6 +34,24 @@ command = [
 need_stdout = true
 analyzer = "nextest"
 
+[jobs.coverage]
+command = [
+    "cargo", "llvm-cov",  "--profile", "coverage", "--color", "always", "--no-fail-fast", "nextest", "--no-capture", "--summary-only", "--"
+]
+need_stdout = true
+ignored_lines = [
+    "info:",
+    "\\s+Compiling",
+    "test result: ok",
+    "^\\s*$",
+    "running \\d+ test",
+    "Nextest run ID",
+    "[─]+",
+    "test.+ok",
+    "PASS|START",
+    "Starting \\d+ test"
+]
+
 [jobs.doc]
 command = ["cargo", "doc", "--no-deps"]
 need_stdout = false
@@ -59,3 +77,4 @@ c = "job:clippy"
 alt-c = "job:check"
 ctrl-alt-c = "job:check-all"
 shift-c = "job:clippy-all"
+f = "job:coverage"

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 [toolchain]
+# we are unfortunately pinned to 1.86.0 for some reason, bulk-memory-opt related issues on wasm32-unknown-emscripten
 channel = "1.86.0"
+components = ["rustfmt", "llvm-tools-preview", "clippy"]

src/app.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use glam::Vec2;
 use sdl2::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
 use sdl2::keyboard::Keycode;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, ScaleMode, Texture, TextureCreator};
+use sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext;
 use sdl2::video::{Window, WindowContext};
-use sdl2::EventPump;
+use sdl2::{AudioSubsystem, EventPump, Sdl, VideoSubsystem};
 use tracing::{error, event};
 
 use crate::error::{GameError, GameResult};
@@ -14,26 +15,31 @@ use crate::constants::{CANVAS_SIZE, LOOP_TIME, SCALE};
 use crate::game::Game;
 use crate::platform::get_platform;
 
-pub struct App<'a> {
+pub struct App {
     game: Game,
     canvas: Canvas<Window>,
-    event_pump: EventPump,
+    event_pump: &'static mut EventPump,
-    backbuffer: Texture<'a>,
+    backbuffer: Texture<'static>,
     paused: bool,
     last_tick: Instant,
     cursor_pos: Vec2,
 }
 
-impl App<'_> {
+impl App {
     pub fn new() -> GameResult<Self> {
+        let sdl_context: &'static Sdl = Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
+        let video_subsystem: &'static VideoSubsystem =
+            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.video().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
+        let _audio_subsystem: &'static AudioSubsystem =
+            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.audio().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
+        let _ttf_context: &'static Sdl2TtfContext =
+            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
+        let event_pump: &'static mut EventPump =
+            Box::leak(Box::new(sdl_context.event_pump().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?));
+
         // Initialize platform-specific console
         get_platform().init_console()?;
 
-        let sdl_context = sdl2::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-        let video_subsystem = sdl_context.video().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-        let audio_subsystem = sdl_context.audio().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-        let ttf_context = sdl2::ttf::init().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-
         let window = video_subsystem
             .window(
                 "Pac-Man",
@@ -50,18 +56,16 @@ impl App<'_> {
             .set_logical_size(CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
 
-        let texture_creator_static: &'static TextureCreator<WindowContext> = Box::leak(Box::new(canvas.texture_creator()));
+        let texture_creator: &'static TextureCreator<WindowContext> = Box::leak(Box::new(canvas.texture_creator()));
 
-        let mut game = Game::new(texture_creator_static, &ttf_context, &audio_subsystem)?;
+        let mut game = Game::new(texture_creator)?;
-        game.audio.set_mute(cfg!(debug_assertions));
+        // game.audio.set_mute(cfg!(debug_assertions));
 
-        let mut backbuffer = texture_creator_static
+        let mut backbuffer = texture_creator
             .create_texture_target(None, CANVAS_SIZE.x, CANVAS_SIZE.y)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
         backbuffer.set_scale_mode(ScaleMode::Nearest);
 
-        let event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump().map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-
         // Initial draw
         game.draw(&mut canvas, &mut backbuffer)
             .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ impl App<'_> {
                         keycode: Some(Keycode::Space),
                         ..
                     } => {
-                        self.game.debug_mode = !self.game.debug_mode;
+                        self.game.toggle_debug_mode();
                     }
                     Event::KeyDown { keycode: Some(key), .. } => {
                         self.game.keyboard_event(key);

src/asset.rs

@@ -3,18 +3,6 @@
 //! On desktop, assets are embedded using include_bytes!; on Emscripten, assets are loaded from the filesystem.
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::io;
-use thiserror::Error;
-
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-pub enum AssetError {
-    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
-    Io(#[from] io::Error),
-    #[error("Asset not found: {0}")]
-    NotFound(String),
-    #[error("Invalid asset format: {0}")]
-    InvalidFormat(String),
-}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum Asset {
@@ -44,6 +32,7 @@ impl Asset {
 
 mod imp {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::error::AssetError;
     use crate::platform::get_platform;
 
     pub fn get_asset_bytes(asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError> {

src/entity/collision.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::entity::traversal::Position;
+
+/// Trait for entities that can participate in collision detection.
+pub trait Collidable {
+    /// Returns the current position of this entity.
+    fn position(&self) -> Position;
+
+    /// Checks if this entity is colliding with another entity.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    fn is_colliding_with(&self, other: &dyn Collidable) -> bool {
+        positions_overlap(&self.position(), &other.position())
+    }
+}
+
+/// System for tracking entities by their positions for efficient collision detection.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct CollisionSystem {
+    /// Maps node IDs to lists of entity IDs that are at that node
+    node_entities: HashMap<usize, Vec<EntityId>>,
+    /// Maps entity IDs to their current positions
+    entity_positions: HashMap<EntityId, Position>,
+    /// Next available entity ID
+    next_id: EntityId,
+}
+
+/// Unique identifier for an entity in the collision system
+pub type EntityId = u32;
+
+impl CollisionSystem {
+    /// Registers an entity with the collision system and returns its ID
+    pub fn register_entity(&mut self, position: Position) -> EntityId {
+        let id = self.next_id;
+        self.next_id += 1;
+
+        self.entity_positions.insert(id, position);
+        self.update_node_entities(id, position);
+
+        id
+    }
+
+    /// Updates an entity's position
+    pub fn update_position(&mut self, entity_id: EntityId, new_position: Position) {
+        if let Some(old_position) = self.entity_positions.get(&entity_id) {
+            // Remove from old nodes
+            self.remove_from_nodes(entity_id, *old_position);
+        }
+
+        // Update position and add to new nodes
+        self.entity_positions.insert(entity_id, new_position);
+        self.update_node_entities(entity_id, new_position);
+    }
+
+    /// Removes an entity from the collision system
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn remove_entity(&mut self, entity_id: EntityId) {
+        if let Some(position) = self.entity_positions.remove(&entity_id) {
+            self.remove_from_nodes(entity_id, position);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets all entity IDs at a specific node
+    pub fn entities_at_node(&self, node: usize) -> &[EntityId] {
+        self.node_entities.get(&node).map(|v| v.as_slice()).unwrap_or(&[])
+    }
+
+    /// Gets all entity IDs that could collide with an entity at the given position
+    pub fn potential_collisions(&self, position: &Position) -> Vec<EntityId> {
+        let mut collisions = Vec::new();
+        let nodes = get_nodes(position);
+
+        for node in nodes {
+            collisions.extend(self.entities_at_node(node));
+        }
+
+        // Remove duplicates
+        collisions.sort_unstable();
+        collisions.dedup();
+        collisions
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the node_entities map when an entity's position changes
+    fn update_node_entities(&mut self, entity_id: EntityId, position: Position) {
+        let nodes = get_nodes(&position);
+        for node in nodes {
+            self.node_entities.entry(node).or_default().push(entity_id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Removes an entity from all nodes it was previously at
+    fn remove_from_nodes(&mut self, entity_id: EntityId, position: Position) {
+        let nodes = get_nodes(&position);
+        for node in nodes {
+            if let Some(entities) = self.node_entities.get_mut(&node) {
+                entities.retain(|&id| id != entity_id);
+                if entities.is_empty() {
+                    self.node_entities.remove(&node);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks if two positions overlap (entities are at the same location).
+fn positions_overlap(a: &Position, b: &Position) -> bool {
+    let a_nodes = get_nodes(a);
+    let b_nodes = get_nodes(b);
+
+    // Check if any nodes overlap
+    a_nodes.iter().any(|a_node| b_nodes.contains(a_node))
+
+    // TODO: More complex overlap detection, the above is a simple check, but it could become an early filter for more precise calculations later
+}
+
+/// Gets all nodes that an entity is currently at or between.
+fn get_nodes(pos: &Position) -> SmallVec<[usize; 2]> {
+    let mut nodes = SmallVec::new();
+    match pos {
+        Position::AtNode(node) => nodes.push(*node),
+        Position::BetweenNodes { from, to, .. } => {
+            nodes.push(*from);
+            nodes.push(*to);
+        }
+    }
+    nodes
+}

src/entity/ghost.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ use rand::prelude::*;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use tracing::error;
 
-use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
+use crate::entity::{
-use crate::entity::graph::{Edge, EdgePermissions, Graph, NodeId};
+    collision::Collidable,
-use crate::entity::r#trait::Entity;
+    direction::Direction,
-use crate::entity::traversal::Traverser;
+    graph::{Edge, EdgePermissions, Graph, NodeId},
+    r#trait::Entity,
+    traversal::Traverser,
+};
 use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
 use crate::texture::directional::DirectionalAnimatedTexture;
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
@@ -161,10 +164,8 @@ impl Ghost {
                         })?,
                 ];
 
-            textures[direction.as_usize()] =
+            textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(moving_tiles, 0.2)?);
-                Some(AnimatedTexture::new(moving_tiles, 0.2).map_err(|e| GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(e)))?);
+            stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(stopped_tiles, 0.1)?);
-            stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] =
-                Some(AnimatedTexture::new(stopped_tiles, 0.1).map_err(|e| GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(e)))?);
         }
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -245,3 +246,9 @@ impl Ghost {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl Collidable for Ghost {
+    fn position(&self) -> crate::entity::traversal::Position {
+        self.traverser.position
+    }
+}

src/entity/item.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 use crate::{
     constants,
-    entity::graph::Graph,
+    entity::{collision::Collidable, graph::Graph},
-    error::EntityError,
+    error::{EntityError, GameResult},
     texture::sprite::{Sprite, SpriteAtlas},
 };
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
+use strum_macros::{EnumCount, EnumIter};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ItemType {
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ impl ItemType {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, EnumIter, EnumCount)]
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub enum FruitKind {
     Apple,
@@ -39,6 +40,19 @@ pub enum FruitKind {
 }
 
 impl FruitKind {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn index(self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            FruitKind::Apple => 0,
+            FruitKind::Strawberry => 1,
+            FruitKind::Orange => 2,
+            FruitKind::Melon => 3,
+            FruitKind::Bell => 4,
+            FruitKind::Key => 5,
+            FruitKind::Galaxian => 6,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn get_score(self) -> u32 {
         match self {
             FruitKind::Apple => 100,
@@ -81,15 +95,23 @@ impl Item {
         self.item_type.get_score()
     }
 
-    pub fn render<T: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, graph: &Graph) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    pub fn render<T: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, graph: &Graph) -> GameResult<()> {
-        if !self.collected {
+        if self.collected {
-            let node = graph
+            return Ok(());
-                .get_node(self.node_index)
-                .ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(self.node_index))?;
-            let position = node.position + constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2();
-            self.sprite.render(canvas, atlas, position)
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
         }
+
+        let node = graph
+            .get_node(self.node_index)
+            .ok_or(EntityError::NodeNotFound(self.node_index))?;
+        let position = node.position + constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2();
+
+        self.sprite.render(canvas, atlas, position)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Collidable for Item {
+    fn position(&self) -> crate::entity::traversal::Position {
+        crate::entity::traversal::Position::AtNode(self.node_index)
     }
 }

src/entity/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+pub mod collision;
 pub mod direction;
 pub mod ghost;
 pub mod graph;

src/entity/pacman.rs

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
 //! animation, and rendering. Pac-Man moves through the game graph using
 //! a traverser and displays directional animated textures.
 
-use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
+use crate::entity::{
-use crate::entity::graph::{Edge, EdgePermissions, Graph, NodeId};
+    collision::Collidable,
-use crate::entity::r#trait::Entity;
+    direction::Direction,
-use crate::entity::traversal::Traverser;
+    graph::{Edge, EdgePermissions, Graph, NodeId},
+    r#trait::Entity,
+    traversal::Traverser,
+};
 use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
 use crate::texture::directional::DirectionalAnimatedTexture;
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
@@ -95,10 +98,8 @@ impl Pacman {
             let stopped_tiles = vec![SpriteAtlas::get_tile(atlas, &format!("{moving_prefix}_b.png"))
                 .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound(format!("{moving_prefix}_b.png"))))?];
 
-            textures[direction.as_usize()] =
+            textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(moving_tiles, 0.08)?);
-                Some(AnimatedTexture::new(moving_tiles, 0.08).map_err(|e| GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(e)))?);
+            stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] = Some(AnimatedTexture::new(stopped_tiles, 0.1)?);
-            stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] =
-                Some(AnimatedTexture::new(stopped_tiles, 0.1).map_err(|e| GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(e)))?);
         }
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -125,3 +126,9 @@ impl Pacman {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl Collidable for Pacman {
+    fn position(&self) -> crate::entity::traversal::Position {
+        self.traverser.position
+    }
+}

src/error.rs

@@ -3,22 +3,22 @@
 //! This module defines all error types used throughout the application,
 //! providing a consistent error handling approach.
 
-use thiserror::Error;
+use std::io;
 
 /// Main error type for the Pac-Man game.
 ///
 /// This is the primary error type that should be used in public APIs.
 /// It can represent any error that can occur during game operation.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum GameError {
     #[error("Asset error: {0}")]
-    Asset(#[from] crate::asset::AssetError),
+    Asset(#[from] AssetError),
 
     #[error("Platform error: {0}")]
-    Platform(#[from] crate::platform::PlatformError),
+    Platform(#[from] PlatformError),
 
     #[error("Map parsing error: {0}")]
-    MapParse(#[from] crate::map::parser::ParseError),
+    MapParse(#[from] ParseError),
 
     #[error("Map error: {0}")]
     Map(#[from] MapError),
@@ -36,26 +36,49 @@ pub enum GameError {
     Sdl(String),
 
     #[error("IO error: {0}")]
-    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+    Io(#[from] io::Error),
 
     #[error("Serialization error: {0}")]
     Serialization(#[from] serde_json::Error),
 
     #[error("Invalid state: {0}")]
     InvalidState(String),
+}
 
-    #[error("Resource not found: {0}")]
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+pub enum AssetError {
+    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] io::Error),
+    #[error("Asset not found: {0}")]
     NotFound(String),
+}
 
-    #[error("Configuration error: {0}")]
+/// Platform-specific errors.
-    Config(String),
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub enum PlatformError {
+    #[error("Console initialization failed: {0}")]
+    ConsoleInit(String),
+    #[error("Platform-specific error: {0}")]
+    Other(String),
+}
+
+/// Error type for map parsing operations.
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+pub enum ParseError {
+    #[error("Unknown character in board: {0}")]
+    UnknownCharacter(char),
+    #[error("House door must have exactly 2 positions, found {0}")]
+    InvalidHouseDoorCount(usize),
+    #[error("Map parsing failed: {0}")]
+    ParseFailed(String),
 }
 
 /// Errors related to texture operations.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum TextureError {
     #[error("Animated texture error: {0}")]
-    Animated(#[from] crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTextureError),
+    Animated(#[from] AnimatedTextureError),
 
     #[error("Failed to load texture: {0}")]
     LoadFailed(String),
@@ -70,8 +93,14 @@ pub enum TextureError {
     RenderFailed(String),
 }
 
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+pub enum AnimatedTextureError {
+    #[error("Frame duration must be positive, got {0}")]
+    InvalidFrameDuration(f32),
+}
+
 /// Errors related to entity operations.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum EntityError {
     #[error("Node not found in graph: {0}")]
     NodeNotFound(usize),
@@ -87,11 +116,11 @@ pub enum EntityError {
 }
 
 /// Errors related to game state operations.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum GameStateError {}
 
 /// Errors related to map operations.
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum MapError {
     #[error("Node not found: {0}")]
     NodeNotFound(usize),

src/game.rs

@@ -1,352 +0,0 @@
-//! This module contains the main game logic and state.
-
-use glam::{UVec2, Vec2};
-use rand::{rngs::SmallRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
-use sdl2::{
-    image::LoadTexture,
-    keyboard::Keycode,
-    pixels::Color,
-    render::{Canvas, RenderTarget, Texture, TextureCreator},
-    video::WindowContext,
-};
-
-use crate::error::{EntityError, GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
-
-use crate::{
-    asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
-    audio::Audio,
-    constants::{CELL_SIZE, RAW_BOARD},
-    entity::{
-        ghost::{Ghost, GhostType},
-        item::Item,
-        pacman::Pacman,
-        r#trait::Entity,
-    },
-    map::Map,
-    texture::{
-        sprite::{self, AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas},
-        text::TextTexture,
-    },
-};
-
-/// The main game state.
-///
-/// Contains all the information necessary to run the game, including
-/// the game state, rendering resources, and audio.
-pub struct Game {
-    pub score: u32,
-    pub map: Map,
-    pub pacman: Pacman,
-    pub ghosts: Vec<Ghost>,
-    pub items: Vec<Item>,
-    pub debug_mode: bool,
-
-    // Rendering resources
-    atlas: SpriteAtlas,
-    map_texture: AtlasTile,
-    text_texture: TextTexture,
-
-    // Audio
-    pub audio: Audio,
-}
-
-impl Game {
-    pub fn new(
-        texture_creator: &TextureCreator<WindowContext>,
-        _ttf_context: &sdl2::ttf::Sdl2TtfContext,
-        _audio_subsystem: &sdl2::AudioSubsystem,
-    ) -> GameResult<Game> {
-        let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD)?;
-
-        let pacman_start_pos = map
-            .find_starting_position(0)
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::NotFound("Pac-Man starting position".to_string()))?;
-        let pacman_start_node = *map
-            .grid_to_node
-            .get(&glam::IVec2::new(pacman_start_pos.x as i32, pacman_start_pos.y as i32))
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::NotFound("Pac-Man starting position not found in graph".to_string()))?;
-
-        let atlas_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Atlas)?;
-        let atlas_texture = unsafe {
-            let texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).map_err(|e| {
-                if e.to_string().contains("format") || e.to_string().contains("unsupported") {
-                    GameError::Texture(TextureError::InvalidFormat(format!("Unsupported texture format: {e}")))
-                } else {
-                    GameError::Texture(TextureError::LoadFailed(e.to_string()))
-                }
-            })?;
-            sprite::texture_to_static(texture)
-        };
-        let atlas_json = get_asset_bytes(Asset::AtlasJson)?;
-        let atlas_mapper: AtlasMapper = serde_json::from_slice(&atlas_json)?;
-        let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(atlas_texture, atlas_mapper);
-
-        let mut map_texture = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "maze/full.png")
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/full.png".to_string())))?;
-        map_texture.color = Some(Color::RGB(0x20, 0x20, 0xf9));
-
-        let text_texture = TextTexture::new(1.0);
-        let audio = Audio::new();
-        let pacman = Pacman::new(&map.graph, pacman_start_node, &atlas)?;
-
-        // Generate items (pellets and energizers)
-        let items = map.generate_items(&atlas)?;
-
-        // Create ghosts at random positions
-        let mut ghosts = Vec::new();
-        let ghost_types = [GhostType::Blinky, GhostType::Pinky, GhostType::Inky, GhostType::Clyde];
-        let mut rng = SmallRng::from_os_rng();
-
-        if map.graph.node_count() == 0 {
-            return Err(GameError::Config("Game map has no nodes - invalid configuration".to_string()));
-            // TODO: This is a bug, we should handle this better
-        }
-
-        for &ghost_type in &ghost_types {
-            // Find a random node for the ghost to start at
-            let random_node = rng.random_range(0..map.graph.node_count());
-            let ghost = Ghost::new(&map.graph, random_node, ghost_type, &atlas)?;
-            ghosts.push(ghost);
-        }
-
-        Ok(Game {
-            score: 0,
-            map,
-            pacman,
-            ghosts,
-            items,
-            debug_mode: false,
-            map_texture,
-            text_texture,
-            audio,
-            atlas,
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn keyboard_event(&mut self, keycode: Keycode) {
-        self.pacman.handle_key(keycode);
-
-        if keycode == Keycode::M {
-            self.audio.set_mute(!self.audio.is_muted());
-        }
-
-        if keycode == Keycode::R {
-            if let Err(e) = self.reset_game_state() {
-                tracing::error!("Failed to reset game state: {}", e);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Resets the game state, randomizing ghost positions and resetting Pac-Man
-    fn reset_game_state(&mut self) -> GameResult<()> {
-        // Reset Pac-Man to starting position
-        let pacman_start_pos = self
-            .map
-            .find_starting_position(0)
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::NotFound("Pac-Man starting position".to_string()))?;
-        let pacman_start_node = *self
-            .map
-            .grid_to_node
-            .get(&glam::IVec2::new(pacman_start_pos.x as i32, pacman_start_pos.y as i32))
-            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::NotFound("Pac-Man starting position not found in graph".to_string()))?;
-
-        self.pacman = Pacman::new(&self.map.graph, pacman_start_node, &self.atlas)?;
-
-        // Reset items
-        self.items = self.map.generate_items(&self.atlas)?;
-
-        // Randomize ghost positions
-        let ghost_types = [GhostType::Blinky, GhostType::Pinky, GhostType::Inky, GhostType::Clyde];
-        let mut rng = SmallRng::from_os_rng();
-
-        for (i, ghost) in self.ghosts.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-            let random_node = rng.random_range(0..self.map.graph.node_count());
-            *ghost = Ghost::new(&self.map.graph, random_node, ghost_types[i], &self.atlas)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) {
-        self.pacman.tick(dt, &self.map.graph);
-
-        // Update all ghosts
-        for ghost in &mut self.ghosts {
-            ghost.tick(dt, &self.map.graph);
-        }
-
-        // Check for item collisions
-        self.check_item_collisions();
-    }
-
-    fn check_item_collisions(&mut self) {
-        let pacman_node = self.pacman.current_node_id();
-
-        for item in &mut self.items {
-            if !item.is_collected() && item.node_index == pacman_node {
-                item.collect();
-                self.score += item.get_score();
-
-                // Handle energizer effects
-                if matches!(item.item_type, crate::entity::item::ItemType::Energizer) {
-                    // TODO: Make ghosts frightened
-                    tracing::info!("Energizer collected! Ghosts should become frightened.");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn draw<T: RenderTarget>(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, backbuffer: &mut Texture) -> GameResult<()> {
-        canvas
-            .with_texture_canvas(backbuffer, |canvas| {
-                canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLACK);
-                canvas.clear();
-                self.map.render(canvas, &mut self.atlas, &mut self.map_texture);
-
-                // Render all items
-                for item in &self.items {
-                    if let Err(e) = item.render(canvas, &mut self.atlas, &self.map.graph) {
-                        tracing::error!("Failed to render item: {}", e);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Render all ghosts
-                for ghost in &self.ghosts {
-                    if let Err(e) = ghost.render(canvas, &mut self.atlas, &self.map.graph) {
-                        tracing::error!("Failed to render ghost: {}", e);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if let Err(e) = self.pacman.render(canvas, &mut self.atlas, &self.map.graph) {
-                    tracing::error!("Failed to render pacman: {}", e);
-                }
-            })
-            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn present_backbuffer<T: RenderTarget>(
-        &mut self,
-        canvas: &mut Canvas<T>,
-        backbuffer: &Texture,
-        cursor_pos: glam::Vec2,
-    ) -> GameResult<()> {
-        canvas
-            .copy(backbuffer, None, None)
-            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-        if self.debug_mode {
-            if let Err(e) = self
-                .map
-                .debug_render_with_cursor(canvas, &mut self.text_texture, &mut self.atlas, cursor_pos)
-            {
-                tracing::error!("Failed to render debug cursor: {}", e);
-            }
-            self.render_pathfinding_debug(canvas)?;
-        }
-        self.draw_hud(canvas)?;
-        canvas.present();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Renders pathfinding debug lines from each ghost to Pac-Man.
-    ///
-    /// Each ghost's path is drawn in its respective color with a small offset
-    /// to prevent overlapping lines.
-    fn render_pathfinding_debug<T: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>) -> GameResult<()> {
-        let pacman_node = self.pacman.current_node_id();
-
-        for ghost in self.ghosts.iter() {
-            if let Ok(path) = ghost.calculate_path_to_target(&self.map.graph, pacman_node) {
-                if path.len() < 2 {
-                    continue; // Skip if path is too short
-                }
-
-                // Set the ghost's color
-                canvas.set_draw_color(ghost.debug_color());
-
-                // Calculate offset based on ghost index to prevent overlapping lines
-                // let offset = (i as f32) * 2.0 - 3.0; // Offset range: -3.0 to 3.0
-
-                // Calculate a consistent offset direction for the entire path
-                // let first_node = self.map.graph.get_node(path[0]).unwrap();
-                // let last_node = self.map.graph.get_node(path[path.len() - 1]).unwrap();
-
-                // Use the overall direction from start to end to determine the perpendicular offset
-                let offset = match ghost.ghost_type {
-                    GhostType::Blinky => Vec2::new(0.25, 0.5),
-                    GhostType::Pinky => Vec2::new(-0.25, -0.25),
-                    GhostType::Inky => Vec2::new(0.5, -0.5),
-                    GhostType::Clyde => Vec2::new(-0.5, 0.25),
-                } * 5.0;
-
-                // Calculate offset positions for all nodes using the same perpendicular direction
-                let mut offset_positions = Vec::new();
-                for &node_id in &path {
-                    let node = self
-                        .map
-                        .graph
-                        .get_node(node_id)
-                        .ok_or(GameError::Entity(EntityError::NodeNotFound(node_id)))?;
-                    let pos = node.position + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2();
-                    offset_positions.push(pos + offset);
-                }
-
-                // Draw lines between the offset positions
-                for window in offset_positions.windows(2) {
-                    if let (Some(from), Some(to)) = (window.first(), window.get(1)) {
-                        // Skip if the distance is too far (used for preventing lines between tunnel portals)
-                        if from.distance_squared(*to) > (CELL_SIZE * 16).pow(2) as f32 {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        // Draw the line
-                        canvas
-                            .draw_line((from.x as i32, from.y as i32), (to.x as i32, to.y as i32))
-                            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn draw_hud<T: RenderTarget>(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>) -> GameResult<()> {
-        let lives = 3;
-        let score_text = format!("{:02}", self.score);
-        let x_offset = 4;
-        let y_offset = 2;
-        let lives_offset = 3;
-        let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
-        self.text_texture.set_scale(1.0);
-        if let Err(e) = self.text_texture.render(
-            canvas,
-            &mut self.atlas,
-            &format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   "),
-            UVec2::new(8 * lives_offset as u32 + x_offset, y_offset),
-        ) {
-            tracing::error!("Failed to render HUD text: {}", e);
-        }
-        if let Err(e) = self.text_texture.render(
-            canvas,
-            &mut self.atlas,
-            &score_text,
-            UVec2::new(8 * score_offset as u32 + x_offset, 8 + y_offset),
-        ) {
-            tracing::error!("Failed to render score text: {}", e);
-        }
-
-        // Display FPS information in top-left corner
-        // let fps_text = format!("FPS: {:.1} (1s) / {:.1} (10s)", self.fps_1s, self.fps_10s);
-        // self.render_text_on(
-        //     canvas,
-        //     &*texture_creator,
-        //     &fps_text,
-        //     IVec2::new(10, 10),
-        //     Color::RGB(255, 255, 0), // Yellow color for FPS display
-        // );
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}

src/game/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+//! This module contains the main game logic and state.
+
+use glam::{UVec2, Vec2};
+use rand::{rngs::SmallRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use sdl2::{
+    keyboard::Keycode,
+    pixels::Color,
+    render::{Canvas, RenderTarget, Texture, TextureCreator},
+    video::WindowContext,
+};
+
+use crate::error::{EntityError, GameError, GameResult};
+
+use crate::entity::{
+    collision::{Collidable, CollisionSystem, EntityId},
+    ghost::{Ghost, GhostType},
+    pacman::Pacman,
+    r#trait::Entity,
+};
+
+pub mod state;
+use state::GameState;
+
+/// The `Game` struct is the main entry point for the game.
+///
+/// It contains the game's state and logic, and is responsible for
+/// handling user input, updating the game state, and rendering the game.
+pub struct Game {
+    state: GameState,
+}
+
+impl Game {
+    pub fn new(texture_creator: &'static TextureCreator<WindowContext>) -> GameResult<Game> {
+        let state = GameState::new(texture_creator)?;
+
+        Ok(Game { state })
+    }
+
+    pub fn keyboard_event(&mut self, keycode: Keycode) {
+        self.state.pacman.handle_key(keycode);
+
+        if keycode == Keycode::M {
+            self.state.audio.set_mute(!self.state.audio.is_muted());
+        }
+
+        if keycode == Keycode::R {
+            if let Err(e) = self.reset_game_state() {
+                tracing::error!("Failed to reset game state: {}", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Resets the game state, randomizing ghost positions and resetting Pac-Man
+    fn reset_game_state(&mut self) -> GameResult<()> {
+        let pacman_start_node = self.state.map.start_positions.pacman;
+        self.state.pacman = Pacman::new(&self.state.map.graph, pacman_start_node, &self.state.atlas)?;
+
+        // Reset items
+        self.state.items = self.state.map.generate_items(&self.state.atlas)?;
+
+        // Randomize ghost positions
+        let ghost_types = [GhostType::Blinky, GhostType::Pinky, GhostType::Inky, GhostType::Clyde];
+        let mut rng = SmallRng::from_os_rng();
+
+        for (i, ghost) in self.state.ghosts.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            let random_node = rng.random_range(0..self.state.map.graph.node_count());
+            *ghost = Ghost::new(&self.state.map.graph, random_node, ghost_types[i], &self.state.atlas)?;
+        }
+
+        // Reset collision system
+        self.state.collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
+
+        // Re-register Pac-Man
+        self.state.pacman_id = self.state.collision_system.register_entity(self.state.pacman.position());
+
+        // Re-register items
+        self.state.item_ids.clear();
+        for item in &self.state.items {
+            let item_id = self.state.collision_system.register_entity(item.position());
+            self.state.item_ids.push(item_id);
+        }
+
+        // Re-register ghosts
+        self.state.ghost_ids.clear();
+        for ghost in &self.state.ghosts {
+            let ghost_id = self.state.collision_system.register_entity(ghost.position());
+            self.state.ghost_ids.push(ghost_id);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn tick(&mut self, dt: f32) {
+        self.state.pacman.tick(dt, &self.state.map.graph);
+
+        // Update all ghosts
+        for ghost in &mut self.state.ghosts {
+            ghost.tick(dt, &self.state.map.graph);
+        }
+
+        // Update collision system positions
+        self.update_collision_positions();
+
+        // Check for collisions
+        self.check_collisions();
+    }
+
+    /// Toggles the debug mode on and off.
+    ///
+    /// When debug mode is enabled, the game will render additional information
+    /// that is useful for debugging, such as the collision grid and entity paths.
+    pub fn toggle_debug_mode(&mut self) {
+        self.state.debug_mode = !self.state.debug_mode;
+    }
+
+    fn update_collision_positions(&mut self) {
+        // Update Pac-Man's position
+        self.state
+            .collision_system
+            .update_position(self.state.pacman_id, self.state.pacman.position());
+
+        // Update ghost positions
+        for (ghost, &ghost_id) in self.state.ghosts.iter().zip(&self.state.ghost_ids) {
+            self.state.collision_system.update_position(ghost_id, ghost.position());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_collisions(&mut self) {
+        // Check Pac-Man vs Items
+        let potential_collisions = self
+            .state
+            .collision_system
+            .potential_collisions(&self.state.pacman.position());
+
+        for entity_id in potential_collisions {
+            if entity_id != self.state.pacman_id {
+                // Check if this is an item collision
+                if let Some(item_index) = self.find_item_by_id(entity_id) {
+                    let item = &mut self.state.items[item_index];
+                    if !item.is_collected() {
+                        item.collect();
+                        self.state.score += item.get_score();
+                        self.state.audio.eat();
+
+                        // Handle energizer effects
+                        if matches!(item.item_type, crate::entity::item::ItemType::Energizer) {
+                            // TODO: Make ghosts frightened
+                            tracing::info!("Energizer collected! Ghosts should become frightened.");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Check if this is a ghost collision
+                if let Some(_ghost_index) = self.find_ghost_by_id(entity_id) {
+                    // TODO: Handle Pac-Man being eaten by ghost
+                    tracing::info!("Pac-Man collided with ghost!");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn find_item_by_id(&self, entity_id: EntityId) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.state.item_ids.iter().position(|&id| id == entity_id)
+    }
+
+    fn find_ghost_by_id(&self, entity_id: EntityId) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.state.ghost_ids.iter().position(|&id| id == entity_id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw<T: RenderTarget>(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, backbuffer: &mut Texture) -> GameResult<()> {
+        canvas
+            .with_texture_canvas(backbuffer, |canvas| {
+                canvas.set_draw_color(Color::BLACK);
+                canvas.clear();
+                self.state
+                    .map
+                    .render(canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &mut self.state.map_texture);
+
+                // Render all items
+                for item in &self.state.items {
+                    if let Err(e) = item.render(canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &self.state.map.graph) {
+                        tracing::error!("Failed to render item: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Render all ghosts
+                for ghost in &self.state.ghosts {
+                    if let Err(e) = ghost.render(canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &self.state.map.graph) {
+                        tracing::error!("Failed to render ghost: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if let Err(e) = self.state.pacman.render(canvas, &mut self.state.atlas, &self.state.map.graph) {
+                    tracing::error!("Failed to render pacman: {}", e);
+                }
+            })
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn present_backbuffer<T: RenderTarget>(
+        &mut self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<T>,
+        backbuffer: &Texture,
+        cursor_pos: glam::Vec2,
+    ) -> GameResult<()> {
+        canvas
+            .copy(backbuffer, None, None)
+            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+        if self.state.debug_mode {
+            if let Err(e) =
+                self.state
+                    .map
+                    .debug_render_with_cursor(canvas, &mut self.state.text_texture, &mut self.state.atlas, cursor_pos)
+            {
+                tracing::error!("Failed to render debug cursor: {}", e);
+            }
+            self.render_pathfinding_debug(canvas)?;
+        }
+        self.draw_hud(canvas)?;
+        canvas.present();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Renders pathfinding debug lines from each ghost to Pac-Man.
+    ///
+    /// Each ghost's path is drawn in its respective color with a small offset
+    /// to prevent overlapping lines.
+    fn render_pathfinding_debug<T: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>) -> GameResult<()> {
+        let pacman_node = self.state.pacman.current_node_id();
+
+        for ghost in self.state.ghosts.iter() {
+            if let Ok(path) = ghost.calculate_path_to_target(&self.state.map.graph, pacman_node) {
+                if path.len() < 2 {
+                    continue; // Skip if path is too short
+                }
+
+                // Set the ghost's color
+                canvas.set_draw_color(ghost.debug_color());
+
+                // Calculate offset based on ghost index to prevent overlapping lines
+                // let offset = (i as f32) * 2.0 - 3.0; // Offset range: -3.0 to 3.0
+
+                // Calculate a consistent offset direction for the entire path
+                // let first_node = self.map.graph.get_node(path[0]).unwrap();
+                // let last_node = self.map.graph.get_node(path[path.len() - 1]).unwrap();
+
+                // Use the overall direction from start to end to determine the perpendicular offset
+                let offset = match ghost.ghost_type {
+                    GhostType::Blinky => Vec2::new(0.25, 0.5),
+                    GhostType::Pinky => Vec2::new(-0.25, -0.25),
+                    GhostType::Inky => Vec2::new(0.5, -0.5),
+                    GhostType::Clyde => Vec2::new(-0.5, 0.25),
+                } * 5.0;
+
+                // Calculate offset positions for all nodes using the same perpendicular direction
+                let mut offset_positions = Vec::new();
+                for &node_id in &path {
+                    let node = self
+                        .state
+                        .map
+                        .graph
+                        .get_node(node_id)
+                        .ok_or(GameError::Entity(EntityError::NodeNotFound(node_id)))?;
+                    let pos = node.position + crate::constants::BOARD_PIXEL_OFFSET.as_vec2();
+                    offset_positions.push(pos + offset);
+                }
+
+                // Draw lines between the offset positions
+                for window in offset_positions.windows(2) {
+                    if let (Some(from), Some(to)) = (window.first(), window.get(1)) {
+                        // Skip if the distance is too far (used for preventing lines between tunnel portals)
+                        if from.distance_squared(*to) > (crate::constants::CELL_SIZE * 16).pow(2) as f32 {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // Draw the line
+                        canvas
+                            .draw_line((from.x as i32, from.y as i32), (to.x as i32, to.y as i32))
+                            .map_err(|e| GameError::Sdl(e.to_string()))?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn draw_hud<T: RenderTarget>(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>) -> GameResult<()> {
+        let lives = 3;
+        let score_text = format!("{:02}", self.state.score);
+        let x_offset = 4;
+        let y_offset = 2;
+        let lives_offset = 3;
+        let score_offset = 7 - (score_text.len() as i32);
+        self.state.text_texture.set_scale(1.0);
+        if let Err(e) = self.state.text_texture.render(
+            canvas,
+            &mut self.state.atlas,
+            &format!("{lives}UP   HIGH SCORE   "),
+            UVec2::new(8 * lives_offset as u32 + x_offset, y_offset),
+        ) {
+            tracing::error!("Failed to render HUD text: {}", e);
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self.state.text_texture.render(
+            canvas,
+            &mut self.state.atlas,
+            &score_text,
+            UVec2::new(8 * score_offset as u32 + x_offset, 8 + y_offset),
+        ) {
+            tracing::error!("Failed to render score text: {}", e);
+        }
+
+        // Display FPS information in top-left corner
+        // let fps_text = format!("FPS: {:.1} (1s) / {:.1} (10s)", self.fps_1s, self.fps_10s);
+        // self.render_text_on(
+        //     canvas,
+        //     &*texture_creator,
+        //     &fps_text,
+        //     IVec2::new(10, 10),
+        //     Color::RGB(255, 255, 0), // Yellow color for FPS display
+        // );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/game/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+use sdl2::{image::LoadTexture, pixels::Color, render::TextureCreator, video::WindowContext};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+
+use crate::{
+    asset::{get_asset_bytes, Asset},
+    audio::Audio,
+    constants::RAW_BOARD,
+    entity::{
+        collision::{Collidable, CollisionSystem, EntityId},
+        ghost::{Ghost, GhostType},
+        item::Item,
+        pacman::Pacman,
+    },
+    error::{GameError, GameResult, TextureError},
+    map::Map,
+    texture::{
+        sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas},
+        text::TextTexture,
+    },
+};
+
+/// The `GameState` struct holds all the essential data for the game.
+///
+/// This includes the score, map, entities (Pac-Man, ghosts, items),
+/// collision system, and rendering resources. By centralizing the game's state,
+/// we can cleanly separate it from the game's logic, making it easier to manage
+/// and reason about.
+pub struct GameState {
+    pub score: u32,
+    pub map: Map,
+    pub pacman: Pacman,
+    pub ghosts: SmallVec<[Ghost; 4]>,
+    pub items: Vec<Item>,
+    pub debug_mode: bool,
+
+    // Collision system
+    pub(crate) collision_system: CollisionSystem,
+    pub(crate) pacman_id: EntityId,
+    pub(crate) ghost_ids: SmallVec<[EntityId; 4]>,
+    pub(crate) item_ids: Vec<EntityId>,
+
+    // Rendering resources
+    pub(crate) atlas: SpriteAtlas,
+    pub(crate) map_texture: AtlasTile,
+    pub(crate) text_texture: TextTexture,
+
+    // Audio
+    pub audio: Audio,
+}
+
+impl GameState {
+    /// Creates a new `GameState` by initializing all the game's data.
+    ///
+    /// This function sets up the map, Pac-Man, ghosts, items, collision system,
+    /// and all rendering resources required to start the game. It returns a `GameResult`
+    /// to handle any potential errors during initialization.
+    pub fn new(texture_creator: &'static TextureCreator<WindowContext>) -> GameResult<Self> {
+        let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD)?;
+
+        let pacman_start_node = map.start_positions.pacman;
+
+        let atlas_bytes = get_asset_bytes(Asset::Atlas)?;
+        let atlas_texture = texture_creator.load_texture_bytes(&atlas_bytes).map_err(|e| {
+            if e.to_string().contains("format") || e.to_string().contains("unsupported") {
+                GameError::Texture(TextureError::InvalidFormat(format!("Unsupported texture format: {e}")))
+            } else {
+                GameError::Texture(TextureError::LoadFailed(e.to_string()))
+            }
+        })?;
+        let atlas_json = get_asset_bytes(Asset::AtlasJson)?;
+        let atlas_mapper: AtlasMapper = serde_json::from_slice(&atlas_json)?;
+        let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(atlas_texture, atlas_mapper);
+
+        let mut map_texture = SpriteAtlas::get_tile(&atlas, "maze/full.png")
+            .ok_or_else(|| GameError::Texture(TextureError::AtlasTileNotFound("maze/full.png".to_string())))?;
+        map_texture.color = Some(Color::RGB(0x20, 0x20, 0xf9));
+
+        let text_texture = TextTexture::new(1.0);
+        let audio = Audio::new();
+        let pacman = Pacman::new(&map.graph, pacman_start_node, &atlas)?;
+
+        // Generate items (pellets and energizers)
+        let items = map.generate_items(&atlas)?;
+
+        // Initialize collision system
+        let mut collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
+
+        // Register Pac-Man
+        let pacman_id = collision_system.register_entity(pacman.position());
+
+        // Register items
+        let mut item_ids = Vec::new();
+        for item in &items {
+            let item_id = collision_system.register_entity(item.position());
+            item_ids.push(item_id);
+        }
+
+        // Create and register ghosts
+        let ghosts = [GhostType::Blinky, GhostType::Pinky, GhostType::Inky, GhostType::Clyde]
+            .iter()
+            .zip(
+                [
+                    map.start_positions.blinky,
+                    map.start_positions.pinky,
+                    map.start_positions.inky,
+                    map.start_positions.clyde,
+                ]
+                .iter(),
+            )
+            .map(|(ghost_type, start_node)| Ghost::new(&map.graph, *start_node, *ghost_type, &atlas))
+            .collect::<GameResult<SmallVec<[_; 4]>>>()?;
+
+        let ghost_ids = ghosts
+            .iter()
+            .map(|ghost| collision_system.register_entity(ghost.position()))
+            .collect::<SmallVec<[_; 4]>>();
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            score: 0,
+            map,
+            pacman,
+            ghosts,
+            items,
+            debug_mode: false,
+            collision_system,
+            pacman_id,
+            ghost_ids,
+            item_ids,
+            map_texture,
+            text_texture,
+            audio,
+            atlas,
+        })
+    }
+}

src/map/builder.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::entity::item::{Item, ItemType};
 use crate::map::parser::MapTileParser;
 use crate::map::render::MapRenderer;
 use crate::texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, Sprite, SpriteAtlas};
-use glam::{IVec2, UVec2, Vec2};
+use glam::{IVec2, Vec2};
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use tracing::debug;
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ use tracing::debug;
 use crate::error::{GameResult, MapError};
 
 /// The starting positions of the entities in the game.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub struct NodePositions {
     pub pacman: NodeId,
     pub blinky: NodeId,
@@ -26,18 +25,12 @@ pub struct NodePositions {
 
 /// The main map structure containing the game board and navigation graph.
 pub struct Map {
-    /// The current state of the map.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    current: [[MapTile; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize]; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x as usize],
     /// The node map for entity movement.
     pub graph: Graph,
     /// A mapping from grid positions to node IDs.
     pub grid_to_node: HashMap<IVec2, NodeId>,
     /// A mapping of the starting positions of the entities.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub start_positions: NodePositions,
-    /// Pac-Man's starting position.
-    pacman_start: Option<IVec2>,
 }
 
 impl Map {
@@ -56,7 +49,6 @@ impl Map {
         let map = parsed_map.tiles;
         let house_door = parsed_map.house_door;
         let tunnel_ends = parsed_map.tunnel_ends;
-        let pacman_start = parsed_map.pacman_start;
 
         let mut graph = Graph::new();
         let mut grid_to_node = HashMap::new();
@@ -64,8 +56,9 @@ impl Map {
         let cell_offset = Vec2::splat(CELL_SIZE as f32 / 2.0);
 
         // Find a starting point for the graph generation, preferably Pac-Man's position.
-        let start_pos =
+        let start_pos = parsed_map
-            pacman_start.ok_or_else(|| MapError::InvalidConfig("Pac-Man's starting position not found".to_string()))?;
+            .pacman_start
+            .ok_or_else(|| MapError::InvalidConfig("Pac-Man's starting position not found".to_string()))?;
 
         // Add the starting position to the graph/queue
         let mut queue = VecDeque::new();
@@ -155,31 +148,12 @@ impl Map {
         Self::build_tunnels(&mut graph, &grid_to_node, &tunnel_ends)?;
 
         Ok(Map {
-            current: map,
             graph,
             grid_to_node,
             start_positions,
-            pacman_start,
         })
     }
 
-    /// Finds the starting position for a given entity ID.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `entity_id` - The entity ID (0 for Pac-Man, 1-4 for ghosts)
-    ///
-    /// # Returns
-    ///
-    /// The starting position as a grid coordinate (`UVec2`), or `None` if not found.
-    pub fn find_starting_position(&self, entity_id: u8) -> Option<UVec2> {
-        // For now, only Pac-Man (entity_id 0) is supported
-        if entity_id == 0 {
-            return self.pacman_start.map(|pos| UVec2::new(pos.x as u32, pos.y as u32));
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
     /// Renders the map to the given canvas.
     ///
     /// This function draws the static map texture to the screen at the correct

src/map/parser.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,8 @@
 //! Map parsing functionality for converting raw board layouts into structured data.
 
 use crate::constants::{MapTile, BOARD_CELL_SIZE};
+use crate::error::ParseError;
 use glam::IVec2;
-use thiserror::Error;
-
-/// Error type for map parsing operations.
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-pub enum ParseError {
-    #[error("Unknown character in board: {0}")]
-    UnknownCharacter(char),
-    #[error("House door must have exactly 2 positions, found {0}")]
-    InvalidHouseDoorCount(usize),
-    #[error("Map parsing failed: {0}")]
-    ParseFailed(String),
-}
 
 /// Represents the parsed data from a raw board layout.
 #[derive(Debug)]

src/platform/desktop.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use crate::asset::{Asset, AssetError};
+use crate::asset::Asset;
-use crate::platform::{Platform, PlatformError};
+use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
+use crate::platform::Platform;
 
 /// Desktop platform implementation.
 pub struct DesktopPlatform;

src/platform/emscripten.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use crate::asset::{Asset, AssetError};
+use crate::asset::Asset;
-use crate::platform::{Platform, PlatformError};
+use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
+use crate::platform::Platform;
 
 /// Emscripten platform implementation.
 pub struct EmscriptenPlatform;

src/platform/mod.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 //! Platform abstraction layer for cross-platform functionality.
 
+use crate::asset::Asset;
+use crate::error::{AssetError, PlatformError};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use crate::asset::{Asset, AssetError};
-
 pub mod desktop;
 pub mod emscripten;
 
@@ -30,16 +30,6 @@ pub trait Platform {
     fn get_asset_bytes(&self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Cow<'static, [u8]>, AssetError>;
 }
 
-/// Platform-specific errors.
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub enum PlatformError {
-    #[error("Console initialization failed: {0}")]
-    ConsoleInit(String),
-    #[error("Platform-specific error: {0}")]
-    Other(String),
-}
-
 /// Get the current platform implementation.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn get_platform() -> &'static dyn Platform {

src/texture/animated.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,9 @@
-use anyhow::Result;
 use sdl2::rect::Rect;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
-use thiserror::Error;
 
+use crate::error::{AnimatedTextureError, GameError, GameResult, TextureError};
 use crate::texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, SpriteAtlas};
 
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-pub enum AnimatedTextureError {
-    #[error("Frame duration must be positive, got {0}")]
-    InvalidFrameDuration(f32),
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct AnimatedTexture {
     tiles: Vec<AtlasTile>,
@@ -20,9 +13,11 @@ pub struct AnimatedTexture {
 }
 
 impl AnimatedTexture {
-    pub fn new(tiles: Vec<AtlasTile>, frame_duration: f32) -> Result<Self, AnimatedTextureError> {
+    pub fn new(tiles: Vec<AtlasTile>, frame_duration: f32) -> GameResult<Self> {
         if frame_duration <= 0.0 {
-            return Err(AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(frame_duration));
+            return Err(GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(
+                AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(frame_duration),
+            )));
         }
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -45,9 +40,10 @@ impl AnimatedTexture {
         &self.tiles[self.current_frame]
     }
 
-    pub fn render<T: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, dest: Rect) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn render<T: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<T>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, dest: Rect) -> GameResult<()> {
         let mut tile = *self.current_tile();
-        tile.render(canvas, atlas, dest)
+        tile.render(canvas, atlas, dest)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Returns the current frame index.

src/texture/directional.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use anyhow::Result;
 use sdl2::rect::Rect;
 use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget};
 
 use crate::entity::direction::Direction;
+use crate::error::GameResult;
 use crate::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
 use crate::texture::sprite::SpriteAtlas;
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl DirectionalAnimatedTexture {
         atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
         dest: Rect,
         direction: Direction,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
+    ) -> GameResult<()> {
         if let Some(texture) = &self.textures[direction.as_usize()] {
             texture.render(canvas, atlas, dest)
         } else {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl DirectionalAnimatedTexture {
         atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
         dest: Rect,
         direction: Direction,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
+    ) -> GameResult<()> {
         if let Some(texture) = &self.stopped_textures[direction.as_usize()] {
             texture.render(canvas, atlas, dest)
         } else {

src/texture/sprite.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use sdl2::render::{Canvas, RenderTarget, Texture};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
+use crate::error::TextureError;
+
 /// A simple sprite for stationary items like pellets and energizers.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Sprite {
@@ -17,13 +19,19 @@ impl Sprite {
         Self { atlas_tile }
     }
 
-    pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(&self, canvas: &mut Canvas<C>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, position: glam::Vec2) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(
+        &self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
+        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
+        position: glam::Vec2,
+    ) -> Result<(), TextureError> {
         let dest = crate::helpers::centered_with_size(
             glam::IVec2::new(position.x as i32, position.y as i32),
             glam::UVec2::new(self.atlas_tile.size.x as u32, self.atlas_tile.size.y as u32),
         );
         let mut tile = self.atlas_tile;
-        tile.render(canvas, atlas, dest)
+        tile.render(canvas, atlas, dest)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
@@ -48,9 +56,15 @@ pub struct AtlasTile {
 }
 
 impl AtlasTile {
-    pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(&mut self, canvas: &mut Canvas<C>, atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas, dest: Rect) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn render<C: RenderTarget>(
+        &mut self,
+        canvas: &mut Canvas<C>,
+        atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
+        dest: Rect,
+    ) -> Result<(), TextureError> {
         let color = self.color.unwrap_or(atlas.default_color.unwrap_or(Color::WHITE));
-        self.render_with_color(canvas, atlas, dest, color)
+        self.render_with_color(canvas, atlas, dest, color)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn render_with_color<C: RenderTarget>(
@@ -59,7 +73,7 @@ impl AtlasTile {
         atlas: &mut SpriteAtlas,
         dest: Rect,
         color: Color,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
+    ) -> Result<(), TextureError> {
         let src = Rect::new(self.pos.x as i32, self.pos.y as i32, self.size.x as u32, self.size.y as u32);
 
         if atlas.last_modulation != Some(color) {
@@ -67,7 +81,7 @@ impl AtlasTile {
             atlas.last_modulation = Some(color);
         }
 
-        canvas.copy(&atlas.texture, src, dest).map_err(anyhow::Error::msg)?;
+        canvas.copy(&atlas.texture, src, dest).map_err(TextureError::RenderFailed)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -138,20 +152,3 @@ impl SpriteAtlas {
         self.default_color
     }
 }
-
-/// Converts a `Texture` to a `Texture<'static>` using transmute.
-///
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// This function is unsafe because it uses `std::mem::transmute` to change the lifetime
-/// of the texture from the original lifetime to `'static`. The caller must ensure that:
-///
-/// - The original `Texture` will live for the entire duration of the program
-/// - No references to the original texture exist that could become invalid
-/// - The texture is not dropped while still being used as a `'static` reference
-///
-/// This is typically used when you have a texture that you know will live for the entire
-/// program duration and need to store it in a structure that requires a `'static` lifetime.
-pub unsafe fn texture_to_static(texture: Texture) -> Texture<'static> {
-    std::mem::transmute(texture)
-}

tests/animated.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use glam::U16Vec2;
-use pacman::texture::animated::{AnimatedTexture, AnimatedTextureError};
+use pacman::error::{AnimatedTextureError, GameError, TextureError};
+use pacman::texture::animated::AnimatedTexture;
 use pacman::texture::sprite::AtlasTile;
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 
@@ -17,12 +18,12 @@ fn test_animated_texture_creation_errors() {
 
     assert!(matches!(
         AnimatedTexture::new(tiles.clone(), 0.0).unwrap_err(),
-        AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(0.0)
+        GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(0.0)))
     ));
 
     assert!(matches!(
         AnimatedTexture::new(tiles, -0.1).unwrap_err(),
-        AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(-0.1)
+        GameError::Texture(TextureError::Animated(AnimatedTextureError::InvalidFrameDuration(-0.1)))
     ));
 }
 

tests/collision.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+use pacman::entity::collision::{Collidable, CollisionSystem};
+use pacman::entity::traversal::Position;
+
+struct MockCollidable {
+    pos: Position,
+}
+
+impl Collidable for MockCollidable {
+    fn position(&self) -> Position {
+        self.pos
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_is_colliding_with() {
+    let entity1 = MockCollidable {
+        pos: Position::AtNode(1),
+    };
+    let entity2 = MockCollidable {
+        pos: Position::AtNode(1),
+    };
+    let entity3 = MockCollidable {
+        pos: Position::AtNode(2),
+    };
+    let entity4 = MockCollidable {
+        pos: Position::BetweenNodes {
+            from: 1,
+            to: 2,
+            traversed: 0.5,
+        },
+    };
+
+    assert!(entity1.is_colliding_with(&entity2));
+    assert!(!entity1.is_colliding_with(&entity3));
+    assert!(entity1.is_colliding_with(&entity4));
+    assert!(entity3.is_colliding_with(&entity4));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_collision_system_register_and_query() {
+    let mut collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
+
+    let pos1 = Position::AtNode(1);
+    let entity1 = collision_system.register_entity(pos1);
+
+    let pos2 = Position::BetweenNodes {
+        from: 1,
+        to: 2,
+        traversed: 0.5,
+    };
+    let entity2 = collision_system.register_entity(pos2);
+
+    let pos3 = Position::AtNode(3);
+    let entity3 = collision_system.register_entity(pos3);
+
+    // Test entities_at_node
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity1, entity2]);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[entity2]);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(3), &[entity3]);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(4), &[] as &[u32]);
+
+    // Test potential_collisions
+    let mut collisions1 = collision_system.potential_collisions(&pos1);
+    collisions1.sort_unstable();
+    assert_eq!(collisions1, vec![entity1, entity2]);
+
+    let mut collisions2 = collision_system.potential_collisions(&pos2);
+    collisions2.sort_unstable();
+    assert_eq!(collisions2, vec![entity1, entity2]);
+
+    let mut collisions3 = collision_system.potential_collisions(&pos3);
+    collisions3.sort_unstable();
+    assert_eq!(collisions3, vec![entity3]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_collision_system_update() {
+    let mut collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
+
+    let entity1 = collision_system.register_entity(Position::AtNode(1));
+
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity1]);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[] as &[u32]);
+
+    collision_system.update_position(entity1, Position::AtNode(2));
+
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[] as &[u32]);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[entity1]);
+
+    collision_system.update_position(
+        entity1,
+        Position::BetweenNodes {
+            from: 2,
+            to: 3,
+            traversed: 0.1,
+        },
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[] as &[u32]);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(2), &[entity1]);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(3), &[entity1]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_collision_system_remove() {
+    let mut collision_system = CollisionSystem::default();
+
+    let entity1 = collision_system.register_entity(Position::AtNode(1));
+    let entity2 = collision_system.register_entity(Position::AtNode(1));
+
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity1, entity2]);
+
+    collision_system.remove_entity(entity1);
+
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[entity2]);
+
+    collision_system.remove_entity(entity2);
+    assert_eq!(collision_system.entities_at_node(1), &[] as &[u32]);
+}

tests/directional.rs

@@ -52,3 +52,26 @@ fn test_directional_texture_all_directions() {
         assert!(texture.has_direction(*direction));
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_directional_texture_stopped() {
+    let mut stopped_textures = [None, None, None, None];
+    stopped_textures[Direction::Up.as_usize()] = Some(mock_animated_texture(1));
+
+    let texture = DirectionalAnimatedTexture::new([None, None, None, None], stopped_textures);
+
+    assert_eq!(texture.stopped_texture_count(), 1);
+    assert!(texture.has_stopped_direction(Direction::Up));
+    assert!(!texture.has_stopped_direction(Direction::Down));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_directional_texture_tick() {
+    let mut textures = [None, None, None, None];
+    textures[Direction::Up.as_usize()] = Some(mock_animated_texture(1));
+    let mut texture = DirectionalAnimatedTexture::new(textures, [None, None, None, None]);
+
+    // This is a bit of a placeholder, since we can't inspect the inner state easily.
+    // We're just ensuring the tick method runs without panicking.
+    texture.tick(0.1);
+}

tests/game.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,13 @@
 use pacman::constants::RAW_BOARD;
 use pacman::map::Map;
 
+mod collision;
+mod item;
+
 #[test]
 fn test_game_map_creation() {
     let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
 
     assert!(map.graph.node_count() > 0);
     assert!(!map.grid_to_node.is_empty());
-
-    // Should find Pac-Man's starting position
-    let pacman_pos = map.find_starting_position(0);
-    assert!(pacman_pos.is_some());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_game_score_initialization() {
-    // This would require creating a full Game instance, but we can test the concept
-    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
-    assert!(map.find_starting_position(0).is_some());
 }

tests/item.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use glam::U16Vec2;
+use pacman::{
+    entity::{
+        collision::Collidable,
+        item::{FruitKind, Item, ItemType},
+    },
+    texture::sprite::{AtlasTile, Sprite},
+};
+use strum::{EnumCount, IntoEnumIterator};
+
+#[test]
+fn test_item_type_get_score() {
+    assert_eq!(ItemType::Pellet.get_score(), 10);
+    assert_eq!(ItemType::Energizer.get_score(), 50);
+
+    let fruit = ItemType::Fruit { kind: FruitKind::Apple };
+    assert_eq!(fruit.get_score(), 100);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_fruit_kind_increasing_score() {
+    // Build a list of fruit kinds, sorted by their index
+    let mut kinds = FruitKind::iter()
+        .map(|kind| (kind.index(), kind.get_score()))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    kinds.sort_unstable_by_key(|(index, _)| *index);
+
+    assert_eq!(kinds.len(), FruitKind::COUNT);
+
+    // Check that the score increases as expected
+    for window in kinds.windows(2) {
+        let ((_, prev), (_, next)) = (window[0], window[1]);
+        assert!(prev < next, "Fruits should have increasing scores, but {prev:?} < {next:?}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_item_creation_and_collection() {
+    let atlas_tile = AtlasTile {
+        pos: U16Vec2::new(0, 0),
+        size: U16Vec2::new(16, 16),
+        color: None,
+    };
+    let sprite = Sprite::new(atlas_tile);
+    let mut item = Item::new(0, ItemType::Pellet, sprite);
+
+    assert!(!item.is_collected());
+    assert_eq!(item.get_score(), 10);
+    assert_eq!(item.position().from_node_id(), 0);
+
+    item.collect();
+    assert!(item.is_collected());
+}

tests/map_builder.rs

@@ -1,47 +1,11 @@
 use glam::Vec2;
-use pacman::constants::{BOARD_CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE};
+use pacman::constants::{CELL_SIZE, RAW_BOARD};
 use pacman::map::Map;
-
+use sdl2::render::Texture;
-fn create_minimal_test_board() -> [&'static str; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize] {
-    let mut board = [""; BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y as usize];
-    board[0] = "############################";
-    board[1] = "#............##............#";
-    board[2] = "#.####.#####.##.#####.####.#";
-    board[3] = "#o####.#####.##.#####.####o#";
-    board[4] = "#.####.#####.##.#####.####.#";
-    board[5] = "#..........................#";
-    board[6] = "#.####.##.########.##.####.#";
-    board[7] = "#.####.##.########.##.####.#";
-    board[8] = "#......##....##....##......#";
-    board[9] = "######.##### ## #####.######";
-    board[10] = "     #.##### ## #####.#     ";
-    board[11] = "     #.##    ==    ##.#     ";
-    board[12] = "     #.## ######## ##.#     ";
-    board[13] = "######.## ######## ##.######";
-    board[14] = "T     .   ########   .     T";
-    board[15] = "######.## ######## ##.######";
-    board[16] = "     #.## ######## ##.#     ";
-    board[17] = "     #.##          ##.#     ";
-    board[18] = "     #.## ######## ##.#     ";
-    board[19] = "######.## ######## ##.######";
-    board[20] = "#............##............#";
-    board[21] = "#.####.#####.##.#####.####.#";
-    board[22] = "#.####.#####.##.#####.####.#";
-    board[23] = "#o..##.......X .......##..o#";
-    board[24] = "###.##.##.########.##.##.###";
-    board[25] = "###.##.##.########.##.##.###";
-    board[26] = "#......##....##....##......#";
-    board[27] = "#.##########.##.##########.#";
-    board[28] = "#.##########.##.##########.#";
-    board[29] = "#..........................#";
-    board[30] = "############################";
-    board
-}
 
 #[test]
 fn test_map_creation() {
-    let board = create_minimal_test_board();
+    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
-    let map = Map::new(board).unwrap();
 
     assert!(map.graph.node_count() > 0);
     assert!(!map.grid_to_node.is_empty());
@@ -57,24 +21,9 @@ fn test_map_creation() {
     assert!(has_connections);
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_map_starting_positions() {
-    let board = create_minimal_test_board();
-    let map = Map::new(board).unwrap();
-
-    let pacman_pos = map.find_starting_position(0);
-    assert!(pacman_pos.is_some());
-    assert!(pacman_pos.unwrap().x < BOARD_CELL_SIZE.x);
-    assert!(pacman_pos.unwrap().y < BOARD_CELL_SIZE.y);
-
-    let nonexistent_pos = map.find_starting_position(99);
-    assert_eq!(nonexistent_pos, None);
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_map_node_positions() {
-    let board = create_minimal_test_board();
+    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
-    let map = Map::new(board).unwrap();
 
     for (grid_pos, &node_id) in &map.grid_to_node {
         let node = map.graph.get_node(node_id).unwrap();
@@ -84,3 +33,61 @@ fn test_map_node_positions() {
         assert_eq!(node.position, expected_pos);
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_generate_items() {
+    use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
+    use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+    let map = Map::new(RAW_BOARD).unwrap();
+
+    // Create a minimal atlas for testing
+    let mut frames = HashMap::new();
+    frames.insert(
+        "maze/pellet.png".to_string(),
+        MapperFrame {
+            x: 0,
+            y: 0,
+            width: 8,
+            height: 8,
+        },
+    );
+    frames.insert(
+        "maze/energizer.png".to_string(),
+        MapperFrame {
+            x: 8,
+            y: 0,
+            width: 8,
+            height: 8,
+        },
+    );
+
+    let mapper = AtlasMapper { frames };
+    let texture = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<usize, Texture<'static>>(0usize) };
+    let atlas = SpriteAtlas::new(texture, mapper);
+
+    let items = map.generate_items(&atlas).unwrap();
+
+    // Verify we have items
+    assert!(!items.is_empty());
+
+    // Count different types
+    let pellet_count = items
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Pellet))
+        .count();
+    let energizer_count = items
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|item| matches!(item.item_type, pacman::entity::item::ItemType::Energizer))
+        .count();
+
+    // Should have both types
+    assert_eq!(pellet_count, 240);
+    assert_eq!(energizer_count, 4);
+
+    // All items should be uncollected initially
+    assert!(items.iter().all(|item| !item.is_collected()));
+
+    // All items should have valid node indices
+    assert!(items.iter().all(|item| item.node_index < map.graph.node_count()));
+}

tests/parser.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use pacman::constants::{BOARD_CELL_SIZE, RAW_BOARD};
-use pacman::map::parser::{MapTileParser, ParseError};
+use pacman::error::ParseError;
+use pacman::map::parser::MapTileParser;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_parse_character() {

tests/sprite.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, MapperFrame, SpriteAtlas};
+use glam::U16Vec2;
+use pacman::texture::sprite::{AtlasMapper, AtlasTile, MapperFrame, Sprite, SpriteAtlas};
 use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -76,3 +77,27 @@ fn test_sprite_atlas_color() {
     atlas.set_color(color);
     assert_eq!(atlas.default_color(), Some(color));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_atlas_tile_new_and_with_color() {
+    let pos = U16Vec2::new(10, 20);
+    let size = U16Vec2::new(30, 40);
+    let color = Color::RGB(100, 150, 200);
+
+    let tile = AtlasTile::new(pos, size, None);
+    assert_eq!(tile.pos, pos);
+    assert_eq!(tile.size, size);
+    assert_eq!(tile.color, None);
+
+    let tile_with_color = tile.with_color(color);
+    assert_eq!(tile_with_color.color, Some(color));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_sprite_new() {
+    let atlas_tile = AtlasTile::new(U16Vec2::new(0, 0), U16Vec2::new(16, 16), None);
+    let sprite = Sprite::new(atlas_tile);
+
+    assert_eq!(sprite.atlas_tile.pos, atlas_tile.pos);
+    assert_eq!(sprite.atlas_tile.size, atlas_tile.size);
+}